UN 


REESE    LIBRARY 


IVERS1TY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Received.  <^&^ 

Accessions  No.^/^^_y__          Shelf  No. 


THE 


ITS  ORGANIZATION  AND  PRACTICAL  WORKINGS. 


INCLUDING   THE 


DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE,  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 
AND  A  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  THREE  GRAND  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  GOVERN- 
MENT, NAMELY  :-THE  LEGISLATIVE,  EXECUTIVE,  AND   JUDICIAL  DE- 
PARTMENTS, THEIR  POWERS  AND  DUTIES,  WITH  THE  NUMBER, 
TITLE,  AND  COMPENSATION  OF  ALL  PERSONS  EMPLOYED 
IN   EACH,   TOGETHER   WITH   MANY   INTERESTING 
FACTS   AND   HISTORIES. 


BY 

GEORGE  N.   LAMPHERE. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT    &    CO. 

1881. 


Copyright,  1880,  by  GEORGE  N.  LAMPHERB. 


PREFACE. 


THE  cause  which  suggested  the  publication  of  this  book  was  my  per- 
sonal observation  of  a  lack,  'on  the  part  of  many  persons,  of  a  proper 
knowledge  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States.  I  have  observed 
many  times  that  but  few  persons,  in  comparison,  are  acquainted  with  the  most 
general  provisions  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the  terms  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Hoping  that  the  matter  in  this  book  may 
prove  so  interesting  as  to  attract  the  notice  of  a  considerable  number,  I  have 
incorporated  those  two  immortal  documents,  with  a  view  of  increasing  the  num- 
ber who  will  have  a  better  knowledge  of  them.  It  may  not  have  been  suggested 
to  the  ordinary  reader  that  those  documents  are  found  printed  in  but  few  books. 
Youths  in  the  schools  should  read  and  study  them,  and  also  the  contents  of  this 
book,  for  there  can  be  no  higher  study  for  the  rising  generation  than  that  of 
the  Government  under  which  they  live,  and  will  be  soon  called  upon  to  maintain 
and  perpetuate  by  their  aid  and  influence. 

This  effort  was  made  in  the  hope  that  information  about  the  Government 
might  become  accessible  to  all  classes  of  the  people.  I  have  found  by  expe- 
rience that  it  is  very  difficult  to  obtain  information  in  regard  to  the  Government, 
and  it  can  only  be  acquired  by  an  examination  of  numbers  of  official  reports  and 
publications ;  and  then,  ofttimes,  a  person  may  be  misled. 

It  seems  to  me  that  there  is  a  tendency  on  the  part  of  officers  whose  duty  it 
is  to  report  upon  the  operations  of  the  Government  to  elaborate  and  issue 
voluminous  reports,  which  it  is  very  tedious  to  examine,  for  information  about 
any  particular  branch  of  the  Government  service.  Finding  this  to  be  the  case 
led  me  to  thinking  about  consolidating  information  concerning  the  Government 
in  all  its  branches ;  something  which  would  show  to  the  general  reader  the 
organization  and  practical  workings  of  the  Government. 

I  have  sought  to  give  such  information  as  will  not  only  be  valuable  to  the 
public  at  large,  but  to  those  officers  who  are,  to  a  great  extent,  acquainted  with 
governmental  affairs,  as  it  reaches  farther  and  is  more  compendious  than  any 
work  of  the  kind  heretofore  published.  It  is  thought  that  it  will  be  of  great 
assistance  to  Senators  and  Representatives,  as  it  will  afford  them  answers  to  a 
large  proportion  of  the  inquiries  made  of  them  by  their  constituents ;  and,  of 
course,  such  answers  can  be  readily  found  in  this  volume. 

It  will  also  be  valuable  to  all  executive  officers,  as  a  book  of  ready  reference  • 

3 


4  PREFACE. 

and  to  private  citizens  it  supplies  a  mine  of  information  which,  in  the  past,  has 
been  confined  to  a  few. 

I  have  been  told  by  a  Member  of  Congress  that  he  spent  three  months  of 
each  year  in  going  about  searching  for  information  with  which  to  answer  inqui- 
ries submitted  to  him  by  his  constituents. 

There  is  no  branch  of  the  United  States  Government  which  is  not  explained, 
in  a  general  way,  in  this  book. 

Here  will  be  found  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  the  organization  of  Congress  and  its  employes,  the  manner  of 
making  laws,  a  description  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  and  of  the  Botanical 
Garden.  Then  the  Executive  Department  is  considered,  beginning,  first,  with 
the  President,  the  manner  of  his  election,  his  powers  and  duties,  and  the  force 
employed  in  his  office.  Then  the  seven  great  executive  departments, — the  State, 
Treasury,  War,  Navy,  Interior,  Post- Office,  and  Justice,  with  their  organization, 
the  duties  generally  of  all  the  principal  officers,  interesting  accounts  of  the  prac- 
tice and  customs  in  the  several  bureaus,  with  an  account  of  the  service  outside 
of  Washington,  including  foreign  ministers,  consuls  and  consular  agents,  the 
Indian  Service,  the  Public  Lands,  Customs  Service,  Internal  Revenue  Service, 
the  Army  and  the  Navy,  with  the  pay  of  all  officers,  civil,  military,  and  naval, 
of  the  Government. 

We  come  next  to  the  Judiciary,  with  an  account  of  the  organization  of  all 
the  United  States  Courts,  and  their  jurisdiction. 

The  Territorial  Governments,  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  th«  Smithsonian 
Institution. 

The  next  chapter  gives  the  manner  of  the  appointment  of  all  officers  and 
their  tenure,  and  the  following  chapter  the  amount  of  bonds  required  of  all 
officers  in  whose  hands  money  and  property  of  the  Government  are  held,  and 
who  execute  bonds  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties. 

N.B. — Communications  addressed  to  the  title  of  an  office  will  reach  their 
destination  as  speedily  and  surely  as  if  the  name  of  the  incumbent  were  known 
and  used. 

All  officers  of  the  Government,  and  others  to  whom  I  have  applied  for  infor- 
mation, have  very  courteously  and  willingly  complied  with  my  requests,  and 
afforded  me  all  the  assistance  desired. 

GEO.  N.  LAMPHERE. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  January  19,  1880. 


CONTENTS. 


DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 12 

Amendments  to  Constitution 19 

SEAT  OF  GOVERNMENT 22 

LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT  : 

Senate 23 

House  of  Kepresentatives 24 

Analysis  of  Appropriation  Bills 26 

Library  of  Congress 46 

Botanic  Garden.... 49 

Government  Printing-Office 49 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT  : 

President  of  the  United  States 51 

Conditions  common  to  all  Executive  Departments 53 

STATE  DEPARTMENT 56 

Diplomatic  Service  of  the  United  States 58 

Consular  Service  of  the  United  States 59 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 64 

Organization 65 

Powers 65 

Duties  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 65 

Secretary's  Office 69 

Assistant  Secretary,  First 69 

Assistant  Secretary,  Second 70 

Chief  Clerk 70 

Regular  Divisions  : 

Appointment  Division 70 

Customs  Division.. 73 

Internal  Kevenue  and  Navigation  Division 73 

Loans  and  Currency  Division 73 

Public  Moneys  Division 73 

Revenue  Marine  Division 83 

Stationery,  Printing,  etc.,  Division , 85 

"Warrants,  Estimates,  etc.,  Division 72 

Other  Divisions: 

Captured  and  Abandoned  Property  and  Lands  Division 87 

Secret  Service  Division 86 

Special  Agents  Division 85 

Disbursing  Clerks 85 

Debt  of  the  United  States 74 

Bonds  of  the  United  States 77 

Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing 88 

Bureau  of  the  Mint 89 

5 


6  CONTENTS. 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT — Continued.  PAGE 

Mints  of  the  United  States 89 

Assay  Offices  of  the  United  States 92 

Supervising  Architect's  Office 92 

Steamboat  Inspection  Service 95 

Life-Saving  Service 97 

Bureau  of  Statistics 98 

Light-House  Establishment 99 

Office  Light-House  Board 101 

Marine  Hospital  Service 102 

First  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury 103 

Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury 104 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency 105 

Commissioner  of  Customs 109 

First  Auditor 110 

Second  Auditor Ill 

Third  Auditor '. 113 

Fourth  Auditor 114 

Fifth  Auditor 116 

Sixth  Auditor 117 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States 118 

Assistant  Treasurers  of  the  United  States 121 

Register  of  the  Treasury 122 

Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue..." 123 

Solicitor  of  Internal  Revenue 125 

Internal  Revenue  Service 126 

Internal  Revenue  Collection  Districts ; 127 

Customs  Service 137 

Customs  Collection  Districts  and  Ports 141 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  Service 157 

National  Board  of  Health 159 

WAR  DEPARTMENT 162 

Duties  of  Secretary  of  War 162 

National  Cemeteries 163 

Secretary's  Office,  divisions  of. 165 

Adjutant-General's  Office 166 

Inspector-General's  Office 167 

Bureau  of  Military  Justice 167 

Signal  Office 167 

Quartermaster-General's  Office 168 

Quartermaster's  Department 170 

Commissary-General 170 

Subsistence  Department 171 

Paymaster-General — Pay  Department 171 

Surgeon-General — Medical  Department 171 

Chief  of  Ordnance 173 

Ordnance  Stations 173 

Ordnance  Department 174 

Chief  of  Engineers — Engineer  Coi;ps 174 

War  Department  Buildings 175 

Washington  Aqueduct 175 

Mississippi  River  Commission 175 

United  States  Army 176 

Military  Academy,  West  Point,  New  York 178 

Pay  of  Officers,  Active 184 

Pay  of  Officers,  Retired 184 

Pay  of  Officers  and  Cadets,  Military  Academy 185 

Pay  of  Enlisted  Men 186 

Posts,  Garrisons,  and  Stations 187 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT 192 

Duties  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 192 


CONTENTS  7 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT — Continued.  PAGE 

Bureaus : 

Yards  and  Docks 194 

Equipment  and  Recruiting 194 

Navigation 194 

Naval  Observatory 194 

Hydrographic  Office 195 

Nautical  Almanac 195 

Ordnance 196 

Construction  and  Repairs 196 

Steam  Engineering 196 

Provisions  and  Clothing.... 196 

Medicine  and  Surgery ., 196 

Naval  Asylum,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 196 

Naval  Hospitals 197 

Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Maryland 197 

United  States  Navy 203 

Pay  of  Officers  of  Navy 206 

Pay  of  Petty  Officers  and  Seamen 208 

United  States  Marine  Corps 209 

Pay  of  Officers  of  the  Marine  Corps 210 

Vessels  of  the  Navy 209 

Navy- Yards  and  Shore  Stations 211 

INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT 212 

Duties  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 212 

Secretary's  Office 213 

Divisions : 

Appointment 213 

Disbursement 213 

Indian  Affairs ; 213 

Lands  and  Railroads 213 

Pension 213 

Public  Document 213 

Returns  Office 214 

General  Land  Office 214 

Duties  of  Commissioner 214 

Land  Service  outside  of  Washington 215 

Public  Lands 217 

Pension  Office 228 

Pension  Agents 229 

Pensions 229 

Indian  Office 237 

Indian  Agents 238 

Patent  Office 240 

Patents 241 

Census  Office 243 

Bureau  of  Education 244 

Auditor  of  Railroad  Accounts 244 

Architect  of  the  Capitol 245 

Geological  Survey 245 

Entomological  Commission 246 

Officers  of  District  of  Columbia 246 

Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane 246 

Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 247 

Freedmen's  Hospital  and  Asylum 249 

Columbia  Hospital  for  Women  and  Lying-in  Asylum 249 

POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT 250 

Duties  of  the  Postmaster-General 250 

Office  Postmaster-General 259 

Office  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General 259 

Office  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General ...                                                 ,  260 


8  CONTENTS. 

POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT — Continued.  PAGR 

Office  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General 260 

Office  Superintendent  Money-Order  System 261 

Office  Superintendent  of  Foreign  Mails 261 

Office  Superintendent  Mail  Kailway  Service 261 

Office  Assistant  Attorney-General  Post-Office  Department 261 

Force  employed  in  above  Offices 261 

Eates  of  Postage 262 

Money-Orders 264 

DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE 265 

Attorney-General's  and  Officers'  Duties 265 

Solicitor  of  the  Treasury 267 

Duties 267 

Office 268 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 269 

JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT 270 

Supreme  Court  of  United  States 270 

Circuit  Courts  of  United  States 270 

District  Courts  of  United  States 271 

Court  of  Claims 273 

Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia 273 

District  Attorneys 273 

Marshals 274 

UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT  IN  THE  TERRITORIES 275 

District  of  Columbia 276 

SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 278 

COMMISSIONER  OF  FISH  AND  FISHERIES 283 

APPOINTMENTS  : 

How  made 284 

BONDS  OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS...,  ,  297 


of  Cal.  Duplica 
Withdrawn 


THE  UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT, 


THE   DECLARATION   OF   INDEPENDENCE.-1776 

IN  CONGRESS,  JULY  4,  1776. 
The  Unanimous  Declaration  of  the  thirteen  United  States  of  America. 


WHEN,  in  the  course  of  human  events, 
it  becomes  necessary  for  one  people  to  dis- 
solve the  political  bands  which  have  con- 
nected them  with  another,  and  to  assume 
among  the  Powers  of  the  earth,  the  sepa- 
rate and  equal  station  to  which  the  Laws 
of  Nature  and  of  Nature's  God  entitle 
them,  a  decent  respect  to  the  opinions  of 
mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare 
the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  sepa- 
ration. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident, 
that  all  men  are  created  equal,  that  they 
are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain 
unalienable  Rights ;  that  among  these  are 
Life,  Liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  Happi- 
ness. That  to  secure  these  rights,  Gov- 
ernments are  instituted  among  Men,  de- 
riving their  just  powers  from  the  consent 
of  the  governed ;  That  whenever  any 
Form  of  Government  becomes  destructive 
of  these  ends,  it  is  the  Right  of  the  Peo- 
ple to  alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to  insti- 
tute new  Government,  laying  its  founda- 
tions on  such  principles  and  organizing 
its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall 
seem  most  likely  to  effect  their  Safety  and 
Happiness.  Prudence,  indeed,  will  dic- 
tate that  Governments  long  established 
should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  tran- 
sient causes  ;  and  accordingly  all  experi- 
ence hath  shown,  that  mankind  are  more 
disposed  to  suffer,  while  evils  are  suffer- 
able,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolish- 
ing the  forms  to  which  they  are  accus- 
tomed. But  when  a  long  train  of  abuses 
and  usurpations,  pursuing  invariably  the 


same  Object,  evinces  a  design  to  reduce 
them  under  absolute  Despotism,  it  is  their 
right,  it  is  their  duty,  to  throw  off  such 
Government,  and  to  provide  new  Guards 
for  their  future  security.  Such  has  been 
the  patient  sufferance  of  these  Colonies ; 
and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  con- 
strains them  to  alter  their  former  systems 
of  Government.  The  history  of  the  pres- 
ent King  of  Great  Britain  is  a  history 
of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpations,  all 
having  in  direct  object  the  establishment 
of  an  absolute  Tyranny  over  these  States. 
To  prove  this  let  facts  be  submitted  to  a 
candid  world. 

He  has  refused  his  Assent  to  Laws  the 
most  wholesome  and  necessary  for  the 
public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  Governors  to  pass 
Laws  of  immediate  and  pressing  import- 
ance, unless  suspended  in  their  operation 
till  his  Assent  should  be  obtained ;  and 
when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neg- 
lected to  attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  Laws  for 
the  accommodation  of  large  districts  of 
people,  unless  those  people  would  relin- 
quish the  right  of  Representation  in  the 
Legislature,  a  right  inestimable  to  them 
and  formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative 
bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncomfortable 
and  distant  from  the  depository  of  their 
Public  Records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
fatiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his 
measures. 

He  has  dissolved  Representative  Houses 

9 


10 


THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


repeatedly,  for  opposing  with  manly  firm- 
ness his  invasions  on  the  rights  of  the 
people. 

He  has  refused  for  a  long  time,  after 
such  dissolutions,  to  cause  others  to  be 
elected,  whereby  the  Legislative  Powers, 
incapable  of  Annihilation,  have  returned 
to  the  People  at  large  for  their  exercise ; 
the  State  remaining  in  the  meantime  ex- 
posed to  all  the  dangers  of  invasion  from 
without,  and  convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavoured  to  prevent  the  pop- 
ulation of  these  States  ;  for  that  purpose 
obstructing  the  Laws  for  Naturalization 
of  Foreigners ;  refusing  to  pass  others 
to  encourage  their  migration  hither,  and 
raising  the  conditions  of  new  Appropria- 
tions of  Lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  Administration 
of  Justice,  by  refusing  his  Assent  to  Laws 
for  establishing  Judiciary  Powers. 

He  has  made  Judges  dependent  on  his 
Will  alone,  for  the  tenure  of  their  offices, 
and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their 
salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  New 
Offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms  of  Officers 
to  harass  our  People  and  eat  out  their 
substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of 
peace,  Standing  Armies  without  the  Con- 
sent of  our  legislature. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  Military- 
independent  of  and  superior  to  the  Civil 
Power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject 
us  to  a  jurisdiction  foreign  to  our  consti- 
tution, and  unacknowledged  by  our  laws ; 
giving  his  Assent  to  their  acts  of  pre- 
tended Legislation: 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed 
troops  among  us : 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  Trial, 
from  Punishment  for  any  Murders  which 
they  should  commit  on  the  Inhabitants  of 
these  States  : 

For  cutting  off  our  Trade  with  all  parts 
of  the  world : 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our 
Consent : 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the 
benefits  of  Trial  by  Jury  : 

For  transporting  us  beyond  Seas  to  be 
tried  for  pretended  offences : 
^  For  abolishing  the  free  System  of  Eng- 
lish Laws  in  a  neighbouring  Province, 
establishing  therein  an  Arbitrary  govern- 
ment, and  enlarging  its  Boundaries,  so  a,s 
to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit 
instrument  for  introducing  the  same  ab- 
solute rule  into  these  Colonies: 

For  taking  away  our  Charters,  abolish- 


ing our  most  valuable  Laws,  and  altering 
fundamentally  the  Forms  of  our  Govern- 
ment: 

For  suspending  our  own  Legislature, 
and  declaring  themselves  invested  with 
Power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  what- 
soever. 

He  has  abdicated  Government  here,  by 
declaring  us  out  of  his  Protection,  and 
waging  War  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our 
Coasts,  burned  our  towns,  and  destroyed 
the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is  at  this  time  transporting  large 
armies  of  foreign  mercenaries  to  complete 
the  works  of  death,  desolation  and  tyr- 
anny, already  begun  with  circumstances 
of  Cruelty  and  perfidy  scarcely  paralleled 
in  the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally 
unworthy  the  Head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow  Citizens 
taken  Captive  on  the  high  Seas  to  bear 
Arms  against  their  Country,  to  become 
the  executioners  of  their  friends  and 
Brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their 
Hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrection 
amongst  us,  and  has  endeavoured  to  bring 
on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers,  the 
merciless  Indian  Savages,  whose  known 
rule  of  warfare  is  an  undistinguished  des- 
truction of  all  ages,  sexes  and  conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions  We 
have  Petitioned  for  Redress  in  the  most 
humble  terms:  Our  repeated  Petitions' 
have  been  answered  only  by  repeated  in- 
jury. A  Prince,  whose  character  is  thus 
marked  by  every  act  which  may  define  a 
Tyrant,  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free 
People. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  atten- 
tion to  our  Brittish  brethren.  We  have 
warned  them  from  time  to  time  of  at- 
tempts by  their  legislature  to  extend 
an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us. 
We  have  reminded  them  of  the  circum- 
stances of  our  emigration  and  settlement 
here.  We  have  appealed  to  their  native 
justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have 
conjured  them  by  the  ties  of  our  common 
kindred  to  disavow  these  usurpations, 
which  would  inevitably  interrupt  our 
connections  and  correspondence.  They 
too  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of  justice 
and  of  consanguinity.  We  must,  there- 
fore, acquiesce  in  the  necessity,  which 
denounces  our  Separation,  and  hold  them, 
as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind,  Enemies 
in  War,  in  Peace,  Friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  Representatives  of 
the  United  States  of  America,  in  General 
Congress  Assembled,  appealing  to  the 


THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


11 


Supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for  the  rec- 
titude of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  Name, 
and  by  Authority  of  the  good  People 
of  these  Colonies,  solemnly  publish  and 
declare,  That  these  United  Colonies  are, 
and  of  right  ought  to  be,  Free  and  Inde- 
pendent States  ;  That  they  are  Absolved 
from  all  Allegiance  to  the  British  Crown, 
and  that  all  political  connection  between 
them  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain  is, 
and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved  ;  and 
that  as  Free  and  Independent  States,  they 
have  full  Power  to  levy  War,  conclude 
Peace,  contract  Alliances,  establish  Com- 
merce, and  to  do  all  other  Acts  and 
Things  which  Independent  States  may  of 
right  do.  And  for  the  support  of  this 
Declaration,  with  a  firm  reliance  on  the 
Protection  of  Divine  Providence,  we 
mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  Lives, 
our  Fortunes  and  our  sacred  Honour. 

JOHN  HANCOCK, 

President. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
JOSIAH  BARTLETT, 
WM.  WHIFFLE, 
MATTHEW  THORNTON. 

MASSACHUSETTS  BAY. 
SAML.  ADAMS, 
JOHN  ADAMS, 
ROBT.  TREAT  PAINE, 
ELBRIDQE  GERRY. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
STEP.  HOPKINS, 
WILLIAM  ELLERY. 

CONNECTICUT. 
ROGER  SHERMAN, 
SAM'EL  HUNTINGTON, 
WM.  WILLIAMS, 
OLIVER  WOLCOTT. 

NEW  YORK. 
WM.  FLOYD, 
PHIL.  LIVINGSTON, 
FRANS.  LEWIS, 
LEWIS  MORRIS. 


NEW  JERSEY. 
RICHD.  STOCKTON, 

JNO.    WlTHERSPOON, 

FRAS.  HOPKINSON, 
JOHN  HART, 
ABRA.  CLARK. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
ROBT.  MORRIS, 
BENJAMIN  RUSH, 
BENJA.  FRANKLIN, 
JOHN  MORTON, 
GEO.  CLYMER, 
JAS.  SMITH, 
GEO.  TAYLOR, 
JAMES  WILSON, 
GEO.  Ross. 

DELAWARE. 
C^SAR  RODNEY, 
GEO.  READ, 
THO.  McKEAN. 

MARYLAND. 
SAMUEL  CHASE, 
WM.  PACA, 
THOS.  STONE, 
CHARLES  CARROLL  of  Carrollton. 

VIRGINIA. 
GEORGE  WHYTE, 
RICHARD  HENRY  LEE, 
TH.  JEFFERSON, 
BENJA.  HARRISON, 
THOS.  NELSON,  JR., 
FRANCIS  LIGHTFOOT  LEE, 
CARTER  BRAXTON. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
WM.  HOOPER, 
JOSEPH  HEWES, 
JOHN  PENN. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
EDWARD  RUTLEDGE, 
THOS.  HEYWARD,  JUNR., 
THOMAS  LYNCH,  JUNR., 
ARTHUR  MIDDLETON. 

GEORGIA. 
BUTTON  GWINNETT, 
LYMAN  HALL, 
GEORGE  WALTON. 


B 


CONSTITUTION 

OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 

WITH   AMENDMENTS. 


WE  THE  PEOPLE  of  the  United  States,  in 
Order  to  form  a  more  perfect  Union, 
establish  Justice,  insure  domestic  Tran- 
quility,  provide  for  the  common  de- 
fence, promote  the  general  Welfare, 
and  secure  the  Blessings  of  Liberty  to 
ourselves  and  our  Posterity,  do  ordain 
and  establish  this  CONSTITUTION  for  the 
United  States  of  America. 

ARTICLE  I. 

SECTION  1.  All  legislative  Powers 
herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in  a  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States,  which  shall 
consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. 

SECTION  2.  The  House  of  Representa- 
tives shall  be  composed  of  Members 
chosen  every  second  Year  by  the  People 
of  the  several  States,  and  the  Electors  in 
each  State  shall  have  the  Qualifications 
requisite  for  Electors  of  the  most  numer- 
ous Branch  of  the  State  Legislature. 

No  Person  shall  be  a  Representative 
who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  Age 
of  twenty-five  Years,  and  been  seven 
Years  a  Citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhab- 
itant of  that  State  in  which  he  shall  be 
chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  Taxes  shall 
be  apportioned  among  the  several  States 
which  may  be  included  within  this  Union, 
according  to  their  respective  Numbers, 
which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to 
the  whole  Number  of  free  Persons,  in- 
cluding those  bound  to  Service  for  a  Term 
of  Years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed, 


three  fifths  of  all  other  Persons.  The  ac- 
tual Enumeration  shall  be  made  within 
three  Years  after  the  first  Meeting  of  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within 
every  subsequent  Term  of  ten  Years,  in 
such  Manner  as  they  shall  by  Law  direct. 
The  Number  of  Representatives  shall 
not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  Thousand, 
but  each  State  shall  have  at  Least  one 
Representative  ;  and  until  such  enumera- 
tion shall  be  made,  the  State  of  New 
Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to  chuse 
three,  Massachusetts  eight,  Rhode-Island 
and  Providence  Plantations  one,  Con- 
necticut five,  New- York  six,  New  Jersey 
four,  Pennsylvania  eight,  Delaware  one, 
Maryland  six,  Virginia  ten,  North  Caro- 
lina five,  South  Carolina  five,  and  Geor- 
gia three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  Repre- 
sentation from  any  State,  the  Executive 
Authority  thereof  shall  issue  Writs  of 
Election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall 
chuse  their  Speaker  and  other  Officers ; 
and  shall  have  the  sole  Power  of  Impeach- 
ment. 

SECTION  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United 
States  shall  be  composed  of  two  Senators 
from  each  State,  chosen  by  the  Legisla- 
ture thereof,  for  six  Years ;  and  each 
Senator  shall  have  one  Vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assem- 
bled in  Consequence  of  the  first  Election, 
they  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may 
be  into  three  Classes.  The  Seats  of  the 
Senators  of  the  first  Class  shall  be  va- 
cated at  the  Expiration  of  the  second 
Year,  of  the  second  Class  at  the  Expira- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA.     13 


tion  of  the  fourth  Year,  and  of  the  third 
Class  at  the  Expiration  of  the  sixth  Year, 
so  that  one-third  may  be  chosen  every 
second  Year ;  and  if  Vacancies  happen 
by  Resignation,  or  otherwise,  during  the 
Recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  State, 
the  Executive  thereof  may  make  tempo- 
rary Appointments  until  the  next  Meet- 
ing of  the  Legislature,  which  shall  then 
fill  such  Vacancies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall 
not  have  attained  to  the  Age  of  thirty 
Years,  and  been  nine  Years,  a  Citizen  of 
the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not, 
when  elected,  be  an  Inhabitant  of  that 
State  for  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

The  Vice  President  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall 
have  no  Vote,  unless  they  be  equally  di- 
vided. 

The  Senate  shall  chuse  their  other 
Officers,  and  also  a  President  pro  tempore, 
in  the  Absence  of  the  Vice  President,  or 
when  he  shall  exercise  the  Office  of  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  Power 
to  try  all  Impeachments.  When  sitting 
for  that  Purpose,  they  shall  be  on  Oath 
or  Affirmation.  When  the  President  of 
the  United  States  is  tried,  the  Chief 
Justice  shall  preside :  And  no  Person 
shall  be  convicted  without  the  Concur- 
rence of  two-thirds  of  the  Members 
present. 

Judgment  in  Cases  of  Impeachment 
shall  not  extend  further  than  to  removal 
from  Office,  and  disqualification  to  hold 
and  enjoy  any  Office  of  honor,  Trust  or 
Profit  under  the  United  States :  but  the 
Party  convicted  shall  nevertheless  be 
liable  and  subject  to  Indictment,  Trial, 
Judgment  and  Punishment,  according  to 
Law. 

SECTION  4.  The  Times,  Places  and 
Manner  of  holding  Elections  for  Senators 
and  Representatives,  shall  be  prescribed 
in  each  State  by  the  Legislature  thereof, 
but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by 
Law  make  or  alter  such  Regulations,  ex- 
cept as  to  the  Places  of  chusing  Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least 
once  in  every  Year,  and  such  Meeting 
shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December, 
unless  they  shall  by  Law  appoint  a  dif- 
ferent Day. 

SECTION  5.  Each  House  shall  be  the 
Judge  of  the  Elections,  Returns  and 
Qualifications  of  its  own  Members,  and 
a  Majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a  Quo- 
rum to  do  Business ;  but  a  smaller  Num- 
ber may  aljourn  from  day  to  day,  and 
may  be  authorized  to  compel  the  Attend- 


ance of  absent  Members,  in  such  Manner, 
and  under  such  Penalties  as  each  House 
may  provide. 

Each  House  may  determine  the  Rules 
of  its  Proceedings,  punish  its  Members 
for  disorderly  Behaviour,  and,  with  the 
Concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a  Mem- 
ber. 

Each  House  shall  keep  a  Journal  of  its 
Proceedings,  and  from  time  to  time  pub- 
lish the  same,  excepting  such  Parts  as 
may  in  their  Judgment  require  Secrecy  ; 
and  the  Yeas  and  Nays  of  the  Members 
of  either  House  on  any  question  shall,  at 
the  Desire  of  one  fifth  of  those  Present, 
be  entered  on  the  Journal. 

Neither  House,  during  the  Session  of 
Congress,  shall,  without  the  Consent  of 
the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three 
days,  nor  to  any  other  Place  than  that  in 
which  the  two  Houses  shall  be  sitting. 

SECTION  6.  The  Senators  and  Repre- 
sentatives shall  receive  a  Compensation 
for  their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by 
Law,  and  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States.  They  shall,  in  all  Cases, 
except  Treason,  Felony  and  Breach  of 
the  Peace,  be  Privileged  from  Arrest 
during  their  Attendance  at  the  Session  of 
their  respective  Houses,  and  in  going  to 
and  returning  from  the  same;  and  for 
any  Speech  or  Debate  in  either  House, 
they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other 
Place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall, 
during  the  Time  for  which  he  was  elected, 
be  appointed  to  any  civil  Office  under  the 
Authority  of  the  United  States,  which 
shall  have  been  created,  or  the  Emolu- 
ments whereof  shall  have  been  encreased 
during  such  time  ;  and  no  Person  holding 
any  Office  under  the  United  States,  shall 
be  a  Member  of  either  House  during  his 
Continuance  in  Office. 

SECTION  7.  All  Bills  for  raising  Reve- 
nue shall  originate  in  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives ;  but  the  Senate  may  propose 
or  concur  with  Amendments  as  on  other 
Bills. 

Every  Bill  which  shall  have  passed  the 
House  of  Representatives  and  the  Senate, 
shall,  before  it  become  a  Law,  be  pre- 
sented to  the  President  of  the  United 
States ;  If  he  approve  he  shall  sign  it, 
but  if  not  he  shall  return  it,  with  his 
Objections  to  that  House  in  which  it  shall 
have  originated,  who  shall  enter  the  Ob- 
jections at  large  on  their  Journal,  and 
proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If  after  such 
Reconsideration  two  thirds  of  that  House 
shall  agree  to  pass  the  Bill,  it  shall  be 
sent,  together  with  the  Objections,  to  the 


14      CONSTITUTION  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES   OF  AMERICA. 


other  House,  by  which  it  shall  likewise 
be  reconsidered,  and  if  approved  by  two 
thirds  of  that  House,  it  shall  become  a 
Law.  But  in  all  such  Cases  the  Votes 
of  both  Houses  shall  be  determined  by 
yeas  and  Nays,  and  the  Names  of  the 
Persons  voting  for  and  against  the  Bill 
shall  be  entered  on  the  Journal  of  each 
House  respectively.  If  any  Bill  shall  not 
be  returned  by  the  President  within  ten 
Days  (Sundays  excepted)  after  it  shall 
have  been  presented  to  him,  the  Same 
shall  be  a  Law,  in  like  Manner  as  if  he 
had  signed  it,  unless  the  Congress  by 
their  Adjournment  prevent  its  Return,  in 
which  Case  it  shall  not  be  a  Law. 

Every  Order,  Resolution,  or  Vote  to 
which  the  Concurrence  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  may  be  neces- 
sary (except  on  a  question  of  Adjourn- 
ment) shall  be  presented  to  the  President 
of  the  United  States  ;  and  before  the  Same 
shall  take  Effect,  shall  be  approved  by 
him,  or  being  disapproved  by  him,  shall 
be  repassed  by  two  thirds  of  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives,  according 
to  the  Rules  and  Limitations  prescribed 
in  the  Case  of  a  Bill. 

SECTION  8.  The  Congress  shall  have 
Power  To  lay  and  collect  Taxes,  Duties, 
Imposts  and  Excises,  to  pay  the  Debts 
and  provide  for  the  common  Defence  and 
general  Welfare  of  the  United  States ; 
but  all  duties,  Imposts  and  Excises  shall 
be  uniform  throughout  the  United  States; 

To  borrow  Money  on  the  credit  of  the 
United  States  ; 

To  regulate  Commerce  with  foreign 
Nations,  and  among  the  several  States, 
and  with  the  Indian  Tribes  ; 

To  establish  an  uniform  Rule  of  Nat- 
uralization, and  uniform  Laws  on  the 
subject  of  Bankruptcies  throughout  the 
United  States  ; 

To  coin  Money,  regulate  the  Value 
thereof,  and  of  foreign  Coin,  and  fix  the 
Standard  of  Weights  and  Measures  ; 

To  provide  for  the  Punishment  of  coun- 
terfeiting the  Securities  and  current  Coin 
of  the  United  States ; 

To  establish  Post  Offices  and  post 
Roads  ; 

To  promote  the  Progress  of  Science 
and  useful  Arts,  by  securing  for  limited 
Times  to  Authors  and  Inventors  the  ex- 
clusive Right  to  their  respective  Writings 
and  Discoveries  ; 

To  constitute  Tribunals  inferior  to  the 
supreme  Court ; 

To  define  and  punish  Piracies  and  Fel- 
onies committed  on  the  high  Seas,  and 
Offences  against  the  Law  of  Nations  ; 


To  declare  War,  grant  Letters  of  Marque 
and  Reprisal,  and  make  Rules  concerning 
Captures  on  Land  and  Water  ; 

To  raise  and  support  Armies,  but  no 
Appropriation  of  Money  to  that  Use  shall 
be  for  a  longer  Terra  than  two  Years ; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  Navy  ; 

To  make  Rules  for  the  Government  and 
Regulation  of  the  land  and  naval  Forces  ; 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  Militia 
to  execute  the  Laws  of  the  Union,  sup- 
press Insurrections  and  repel  Invasions ; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and 
disciplining,  the  Militia,  and  for  govern- 
ing such  Part  of  them  as  may  be  employed 
in  the  Service  of  the  United  States,  re- 
serving to  the  States  respectively,  the 
Appointment  of  the  Officers,  and  the 
Authority  of  training  the  Militia  accord- 
ing to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Con- 
gress ; 

To  exercise  exclusive  Legislation  in  all 
Cases  whatsoever,  over  such  District  (not 
exceeding  ten  Miles  square)  as  may,  by 
Cession  of  particular  States,  and  the  Ac- 
ceptance of  Congress,  become  the  Seat 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States, 
and  to  exercise  like  Authority  over  all 
Places  purchased  by  the  Consent  of  the 
Legislature  of  the  State  in  which  the 
Same  shall  be,  for  the  Erection  of  Forts, 
Magazines,  Arsenals,  dock-Yards,  and 
other  needful  Buildings  5 — And 

To  make  all  Laws  which  shall  be  ne- 
cessary and  proper  for  carrying  into  Ex- 
ecution the  foregoing  Powers,  and  all 
other  Powers  vested  by  this  Constitution 
in  the  Government  of  the  United  States, 
or  in  any  Department  or  Officer  thereof. 

SECTION  9.  The  Migration  or  Importa- 
tion of  such  Persons  as  any  of  the  States 
now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit, 
shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress 
prior  to  the  Year  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  eight,  but  a  Tax  or  duty  may 
be  imposed  on  such  Importation,  not  ex- 
ceeding ten  dollars  for  each  Person. 

The  Privilege  of  the  Writ  of  Habeas 
Corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless 
when  in  Cases  of  Rebellion  or  Invasion 
the  Public  Safety  may  require  it. 

No  Bill  of  Attainder  or  ex  post  facto 
Law  shall  be  passed. 

/  No  Capitation,  or  other  direct,  Tax  shall 
lie  laid,  unless  in  Proportion  to  the  Cen- 
sus or  Enumeration  herein  before  directed 
to  be  taken. 

No  Tax  or  Duty  shall  be  laid  on  Ar- 
ticles exported  from  any  State. 

No  Preference  shall  be  given  by  any 
Regulation  of  Commerce  or  Revenue  to 
the  Ports  of  one  State  over  those  of  an- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA.      15 


other :  nor  shall  Vessels  bound  to,  or  from, 
one  State,  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or 
pay  Duties  in  another. 

No  Money  shall  be  drawn  from  the 
Treasury,  but  in  Consequence  of  Appro- 
priations made  by  Law ;  and  a  regular 
Statement  and  Account  of  the  Receipts 
and  Expenditures  of  all  public  Money 
shall  be  published  from  time  to  time. 

No  Title  of  Nobility  shall  be  granted 
by  the  United  States :  And  no  Person 
holding  any  Office  of  Profit  or  Trust 
under  them,  shall,  without  the  Consent 
of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present, 
Emolument,  Office,  or  Title,  of  any  kind 
whatever,  from  any  King,  Prince,  or  for- 
eign State. 

SECTION  10.  No  State  shall  enter  into 
any  Treaty,  Alliance,  or  Confederation  5 
grant  Letters  of  Marque  and  Reprisal ; 
coin  Money  ;  emit  Bills  of  Credit ;  make 
any  Thing  but  gold  and  silver  Coin  a 
Tender  in  Payment  of  Debts  ;  pass  any 
Bill  of  Attainder,  ex  post  facto  Law,  or 
Law  impairing  the  Obligation  of  Con- 
tracts, or  grant  any  Title  of  Nobility. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  Consent  of 
the  Congress,  lay  any  Imposts  or  Duties 
on  Imports  or  Exports,  except  what  may 
be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing  its 
inspection  Laws :  and  the  net  Produce 
of  all  Duties  and  Imposts,  laid  by  any 
State  on  Imports  or  Exports,  shall  be  for 
the  Use  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States ;  and  all  such  Laws  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  the  Revision  and  Controul  of  the 
Congress. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  Consent  of 
Congress,  lay  any  Duty  of  Tonnage,  keep 
Troops,  or  Ships  of  War  in  time  of  Peace, 
enter  into  any  Agreement  or  Compact 
with  another  State,  or  with  a  foreign 
Power,  or  engage  in  War,  unless  actually 
invaded,  or  in  such  imminent  Danger  as 
will  not  admit  of  delay. 

ARTICLE  II. 

SECTION  1.  The  executive  Power  shall 
be  vested  in  a  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his 
Office  during  the  Term  of  four  Years, 
and,  together  with  the  Vice  President, 
chosen  for  the  same  Term,  be  elected,  as 
follows 

Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  Man- 
ner as  the  Legislature  thereof  may  direct, 
a  Number  of  Electors,  equal  to  the  whole 
Number  of  Senators  and  Representatives 
to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in  the 
Congress  :  but  no  Senator  or  Representa- 
tive, or  Person  holding  an  Office  of  Trusl 


or  Profit  under  the  United  States,  shall  be 
appointed  an  Elector. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respec- 
ive  States,  and  vote  by  Ballot  for  two 
Persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not 
36  an  Inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with 
themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  List 
of  all  the  Persons  voted  for,  and  of  the 
Number  of  Votes  for  each ;  which  List 
they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit 
sealed  to  the  Seat  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  directed  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate.  The  President  of 
the  Senate  shall,  in  the  Presence  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives, 
•pen  all  the  Certificates,  and  the  Votes 
shall  then  be  counted.  The  Person  hav- 
ing the  greatest  Number  of  Votes  shall 
be  the  President,  if  such  Number  be  a 
Majority  of  the  whole  Number  of  Elec- 
tors appointed  ;  and  if  there  be  more  than 
one  who  have  such  Majority,  and  have  an 
equal  Number  of  Votes,  then  the  House 
of  Representatives  shall  immediately 
chuse  by  Ballot  one  of  them  for  Presi- 
dent ;  and  if  no  Person  have  a  Majority, 
then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  List 
the  said  House  shall  in  like  Manner  chuse 
the  President.  But  in  chusing  the  Presi- 
dent, the  Votes  shall  be  taken  by  States, 
the  Representation  from  each  State  hav- 
ing one  Vote  ;  A  quorum  for  this  Purpose 
shall  consist  of  a  Member  or  Members 
from  two  thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  Ma- 
jority of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary 
to  a  Choice.  In  every  Case,  after  the 
Choice  of  the  President,  the  Person  hav- 
ing the  greatest  Number  of  Votes  of  the 
Electors  shall  be  the  Vice  President.  But 
if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who 
have  equal  Votes,  the  Senate  shall  chuse 
from  them  by  Ballot  the  Vice  President. 

The  Congress  may  determine  the  Time 
of  chusing  the  Electors,  and  the  Day  on 
which  they  shall  give  their  Votes  ;  which 
Day  shall  be  the  same  throughout  the 
United  States. 

No  Person  except  a  natural  born  Citi- 
zen, or  a  Citizen  of  the  United  States,  at 
the  time  of  the  Adoption  of  this  Consti- 
tution, shall  be  eligible  to  the  Office  of 
President;  neither  shall  any  person  be 
eligible  to  that  Office  who  shall  not  have 
attained  the  Age  of  thirty  five  Years,  and 
been  fourteen  Years  a  Resident  within 
the  United  States. 

In  Case  of  the  Removal  of  the  Presi- 
dent from  Office,  or  of  his  Death,  Resigna- 
tion, or  Inability  to  discharge  the  Powers 
and  Duties  of  the  said  Office,  the  Same 
shall  devolve  on  the  Vice  President,  and 
the  Congress  may  by  Law  provide  for  the 


16      CONSTITUTION  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES   OF  AMERICA. 


Case  of  Removal,  Death,  Resignation  or 
Inability,  both  of  the  President  and  Vice 
President,  declaring  what  Officer  shall 
then  act  as  President,  and  such  Officer 
shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  Disability 
be  removed,  or  a  President  shall  be  elected. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  Times, 
receive  for  his  Services,  a  Compensation, 
which  shall  neither  be  encreased  nor 
diminished  during  the  Period  for  which 
he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall 
not  receive  within  that  Period  any  other 
Emolument  from  the  United  States,  or 
any  of  them. 

Before  he  enter  dn  the  Execution  of 
his  Office,  he  shall  take  the  following 
Oath  or  Affirmation: — "I  do  solemnly 
swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully 
execute  the  Office  of  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  will  to  the  best  of  my 
Ability,  preserve,  protect  and  defend  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

SECTION  2.  The  President  shall  be  Com- 
mander in  Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy 
of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  Militia 
of  the  several  States,  when  called  into 
the  actual  Service  of  the  United  States  ; 
he  may  require  the  Opinion,  in  writing, 
of  the  principal  Officer  in  each  of  the  ex- 
ecutive Departments,  upon  any  Subject 
relating  to  the  Duties  of  their  respective 
Offices,  and  he  shall  have  Power  to  grant 
Reprieves  and  Pardons  for  Offences  against 
the  United  States,  except  in  Cases  of  Im- 
peachment. 

He  shall  have  Power,  by  and  with  the 
Advice  and  Consent  of  the  Senate,  to 
make  Treaties,  provided  two  thirds  of  the 
Senators  present  concur ;  and  he  shall 
nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  Advice 
and  Consent  of  the  Senate,  shall  appoint 
Ambassadors,  other  public  Ministers  and 
Consuls,  Judges  of  the  supreme  Court, 
and  all  other  Officers  of  the  United 
States,  whose  Appointments  are  not 
herein  otherwise  provided  for,  and  which 
shall  be  established  by  Law  :  but  the 
Congress  may  by  Law  vest  the  Appoint- 
ment of  such  inferior  Officers,  as  they 
think  proper,  in  the  President  alone,  in 
the  Courts  of  Law,  or  in  the  Heads  of 
Departments. 

The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill 
up  all  Vacancies  that  may  happen  during 
the  Recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting 
Commissions  which  shall  expire  at  the 
End  of  their  next  Session. 

SECTION  3.  He  shall  from  time  to 
time  give  to  the  Congress  Information  of 
the  State  of  the  Union,  and  recommend 
to  their  Consideration  such  Measures  as 
he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient ; 


he  may,  on  extraordinary  Occasions, 
convene  both  Houses,  or  either  of  them, 
and  in  Case  of  Disagreement  between 
them,  with  Respect  to  the  Time  of  Ad- 
journment, he  may  adjourn  them  to  such 
Time  as  he  shall  think  proper  ;  he  shall 
receive  Ambassadors  and  other  public 
Ministers  ;  he  shall  take  Care  that  the 
Laws  be  faithfully  executed,  and  shall 
Commission  all  the  Officers  of  the  United 
States. 

SECTION  4.  The  President,  Vice  Presi- 
dent and  all  civil  Officers  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  removed  from  Office  on 
Impeachment  for,  and  Conviction  of, 
Treason,  Bribery,  or  other  high  Crimes 
and  Misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE  III. 

SECTION  1.  The  judicial  Power  of  the 
United  States,  shall  be  vested  in  one 
supreme  Court,  and  in  such  inferior 
Courts  as  the  Congress  may  from  time  to 
time  ordain  and  establish.  The  Judges, 
both  of  the  supreme  and  inferior  Courts, 
shall  hold  their  Offices  during  good  Be- 
haviour, and  shall,  at  stated  Times,  re- 
ceive for  their  Services,  a  Compensation, 
which  shall  not  be  diminished  during 
their  Continuance  in  Office. 

SECTION  2.  The  judicial  Power  shall 
extend  to  all  Cases,  in  Law  and  Equity, 
arising  under  this  Constitution,  the  Laws 
of  the  United  States,  and  Treaties  made, 
or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  Au- 
thority ; — to  all  Cases  affecting  Ambas- 
sadors, other  public  Ministers  and  Con- 
suls ; — to  all  Cases  of  admiralty  and 
maritime  Jurisdiction ; — to  Controversies 
to  which  theUnited  States  shall  be  a  Party; 
— to  Controversies  between  two  or  more 
States ; — between  a  State  and  Citizens  of 
another  State  ; — between  Citizens  of  dif- 
ferent States, — between  Citizens  of  the 
same  State  claiming  Lands  under  Grants 
of  different  States,  and  between  a  State, 
or  the  Citizens  thereof,  and  foreign  States, 
Citizens  or  Subjects. 

In  all  Cases  affecting  Ambassadors, 
other  public  Ministers  and  Consuls,  and 
those  in  which  a  State  shall  be  Party, 
the  supreme  Court  shall  have  original 
Jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  Cases  be- 
fore mentioned,  the  supreme  Court  shall 
have  appellate  Jurisdiction,  both  as  to 
Law  and  Fact,  with  such  Exceptions,  and 
under  such  Regulations  as  the  Congress 
shall  make. 

The  Trial  of  all  Crimes,  except  in  Cases 
of  Impeachment,  shall  be  by  Jury  ;  and 
such  Trial  shall  be  held  in  the  State 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES   OF  AMERICA.      Y 


where  the  said  Crimes  shall  have  been 
committed  ;  but  when  not  committed 
within  any  State,  the  Trial  shall  be  at 
such  Place  or  Places  as  the  Congress  may 
by  Law  have  directed. 

SECTION  8.  Treason  against  the  United 
States,  shall  consist  only  in  levying  War 
against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their 
Enemies,  giving  them  Aid  and  Comfort. 
No  Person  shall  be  convicted  of  Treason 
unless  on  the  Testimony  of  two  Witnesses 
to  the  same  overt  Act,  or  on  Confession 
in  open  Court. 

The  Congress  shall  have  Power  to 
declare  the  Punishment  of  Treason,  but 
no  Attainder  of  Treason  shall  work  Cor- 
ruption of  Blood,  or  Forfeiture  except 
during  the  Life  of  the  Person  attainted. 

ARTICLE   IV. 

SECTION  1.  Full  Faith  and  Credit  shall 
be  given  in  each  State  to  the  public  Acts, 
Records,  and  judicial  Proceedings  of  every 
other  State.  And  the  Congress  may  by 
general  Laws  prescribe  the  Manner  in 
which  such  Acts,  Records  and  Proceed- 
ings shall  be  proved,  and  the  Effect 
thereof. 

SECTION  2.  The  Citizens  of  each  State 
shall  be  entitled  to  all  Privileges  and 
Immunities  of  Citizens  in  the  several 
States. 

A  Person  charged  in  any  State  with 
Treason,  Felony,  or  other  Crime,  who 
shall  flee  from  Justice,  and  be  found  in 
another  State,  shall  on  Demand  of  the 
executive  Authority  of  the  State  from 
which  he  fled,  be  delivered  up,  to  be  re- 
moved to  the  State  having  Jurisdiction 
of  the  Crime. 

No  Person  held  to  Service  or  Labour 
in  one  State,  under  the  Laws  thereof, 
esqaping  into  another,  shall,  in  Conse- 
quence of  any  Law  or  Regulation  therein, 
be  discharged  from  such  Service  or  La- 
bour, but  shall  be  delivered  up  on  Claim 
of  the  party  to  whom  such  Service  or 
Labour  may  be  due. 

SECTION  3.  New  States  may  be  admit- 
ted by  the  Congress  into  this  Union  ;  but 
no  new  State  shall  be  formed  or  erected 
within  the  Jurisdiction  of  any  other 
State ;  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the 
Junction  of  two  or  more  States,  or  Parts 
of  States,  without  the  Consent  of  the 
Legislatures  of  the  States  concerned  as 
well  as  of  the  Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  Power  to  dis- 
pose of  and  make  all  needful  Rules  and 
Regulations  respecting  the  Territory  or 
other  Property  belonging  to  the  United 


States ;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution 
shall  be  so  construed  as  to  Prejudice  any 
Claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any 
particular  State. 

SECTION  4.  The  United  States  shall 
guarantee  to  every  State  in  this  Union  a 
Republican  Form  of  Government,  and 
shall  protect  each  of  them  against  In- 
vasion 5  and  on  Application  of  the  Legis- 
lature, or  of  the  Executive  (when  the 
Legislature  cannot  be  convened)  against 
domestic  Violence. 

ARTICLE  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two  thirds  of 
both  Houses  shall  deem  it  necessary, 
shall  propose  Amendments  to  this  Con- 
stitution, or,  on  the  Application  of  the 
Legislatures  of  two  thirds  of  the  several 
States,  shall  call  a  Convention  for  pro- 
posing Amendments,  which,  in  either 
Case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  Intents  and 
Purposes,  as  Part  of  this  Constitution, 
when  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  three 
fourths  of  the  several  States,  or  by  Con- 
ventions in  three  fourths  thereof,  as  the 
one  or  the  other  Mode  of  Ratification 
may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress ;  Pro- 
vided that  no  Amendment  which  may  be 
made  prior  to  the  Year  One  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  eight  shall  in  any 
Manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  Clauses 
in  the  Ninth  Section  of  the  first  Article  ; 
and  that  no  State,  without  its  Consent, 
shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal  Suffrage  in 
the  Senate. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

All  Debts  contracted  and  Engagements 
entered  into,  before  the  Adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  shall  be  as  valid  against  the 
United  States  under  this  Constitution,  as 
under  the  Confederation. 

This  Constitution,  and  the  Laws  of  the 
United  States  which  shall  be  made  in 
Pursuance  thereof;  and  all  Treaties 
made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the 
Authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be 
the  supreme  Law  of  the  Land  ;  and  the 
Judges  in  every  State  shall  be  bound 
thereby,  any  Thing  in  the  Constitution 
or  Laws  of  any  State  to  the  Contrary 
notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  be- 
fore mentioned,  and  the  Members  of  the 
several  State  Legislatures,  and  all  execu- 
tive and  judicial  Officers,  both  of  the 
United  States  and  of  the  several  States, 
shall  be  bound  by  Oath  or  Affirmation, 
to  support  this  Constitution  ;  but  no  re- 


18       CONSTITUTION  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES   OF  AMERICA. 


ligious  Test  shall  ever  be  required  as  a 
Qualification  to  any  Office  or  public  Trust 
under  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

The  Ratification  of  the  Conventions  of 
nine  States,  shall  be  sufficient  for  the 
Establishment  of  this  Constitution  be- 
tween the  States  so  ratifying  the  Same. 

DONE  in  Convention  by  the  Unanimous 
Consent  of  the  States  present  the  Seven- 
teenth Day  of  September  in  the  Year  of 
our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  Eighty  seven  and  of  the  Independ- 
ence of  the  United  States  of  America 
the  Twelfth  In  Witness  whereof  We 
have  hereunto  subscribed  our  Names, 

G»:  WASHINGTON— 
Presidt.  and  deputy  from  Virginia 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
JOHN  LANGDON 
NICHOLAS  GILMAN 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

NATHANIEL  GORHAM 
RUFUS  KING 

CONNECTICUT. 

WM.  SAML.  JOHNSON 
ROGER  SHERMAN 

NEW  YORK. 
ALEXANDER  HAMILTON 

NEW  JERSEY. 

WIL:  LIVINGSTON 
DAVID  BREARLEY. 
WM.  PATERSON. 
JONA  :  DAYTON 

PENSYLVANIA. 
B.  FRANKLIN 
THOMAS  MIFFLIN 
ROBT.  MORRIS. 
GEO.  CLYMER 
THOS.  FITZSIMONS 
JARED  INGERSOLL 
JAMES  WILSON 
Gouv  MORRIS 


DELAWARE. 
GEO  :  READ 

GUNNING  BEDFORD  Jun 
JOHN  DICKINSON 
RICHARD  BASSETT 
JACO  :  BROOM 

MARYLAND. 
JAMES  MC!IENRY 
DAN  OF  ST  THOS.  JENIFER 
DANL.  CARROLL 

VIRGINIA. 
JOHN  BLAIR — 
JAMES  MADISON  Jr. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
WM.  BLOUNT 
RICHD.  DOBBS  SPAIGHT 
Hu  WILLIAMSON 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
J.  RUTLEDGE 

CHARLES  COTESWORTH  PINCKNEY 
CHARLES  PINCKNEY 
PIERCE  BUTLER. 

GEORGIA. 
WILLIAM  FEW 
ABR  BALDWIN  . 


Attest 


WILLIAM  JACKSON 
Secretary 


The  Word,  "  the",  being  interlined  be- 
tween the  seventh  and  eighth  Lines  of 
the  first  Page,  The  Word  "  Thirty"  being 
partly  written  on  an  Erazure  in  the  fif- 
teenth Line  of  the  first  Page,  The  Words 
"is  tried"  being  interlined  between  the 
thirty  second  and  thirty  third  Lines  of 
the  first  Page  and  the  Word  "  the"  being 
interlined  between  the  forty  third  and 
forty  fourth  Lines  of  the  second  Page. 

[NOTE  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE. — 
The  foregoing  explanation  in  the  original 
instrument  is  placed  on  the  left  of  the 
paragraph  beginning  with  the  words, 
"  Done  in  Convention,"  and  therefore 
precedes  the  signatures.  The  interlined 
and  re-written  words,  mentioned  in  it, 
are  in  this  edition  printed  in  their  proper 
places  in  the  text.] 


ARTICLES 

IN    ADDITION    TO    AND    AMENDMENT    OP 

THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 

PROPOSED   BY   CONGRESS, 

AND  RATIFIED  BY  THE  LEGISLATURES  OF  THE  SEVERAL  STATES,  PURSUANT  TO  THE 
FIFTH  ARTICLE  OF  THE  ORIGINAL  CONSTITUTION. 


ARTICLE  I. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting 
an  establishment  of  religion,  or  prohibit- 
ing the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridg- 
ing the  freedom  of  speech,  or  of  the  press ; 
or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to 
assemble,  and  to  petition  the  Government 
for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

ARTICLE  II. 

A  well  regulated  Militia,  being  neces- 
sary to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the 
right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  Arms 
shall  not  be  infringed. 

ARTICLE  III. 

No  Soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be 
quartered  in  any  house,  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  Owner,  nor  in  time  of  war, 
but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in 
their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and  effects, 
against  unreasonable  searches  and  seiz- 
ures, shall  not  be  violated,  and  no  War- 
rants shall  issue,  but  upon  probable  cause, 
supported  by  Oath  or  affirmation,  and 
particularly  describing  the  place  to  be 
searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be 
seized. 

ARTICLE  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for 
a  capital,  or  otherwise  infamous  crime, 


unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of 
a  Grand  Jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in 
the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  Militia, 
when  in  actual  service  in  time  of  War 
or  public  danger ;  nor  shall  any  person 
be  subject  for  the  same  offence  to  be  twice 
put  in  jeopardy  of  life  o.r  limb;  nor 
shall  be  compelled  in  any  Criminal  Case 
to  be  a  witness  against  himself,  nor  be 
deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property, 
without  due  process  of  law  ;  nor  shall 
private  property  be  taken  for  public  use, 
without  just  compensation. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  ac- 
cused shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy 
and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of 
the  State  and  district  wherein  the  crime 
shall  have  been  committed,  which  dis- 
trict shall  have  been  previously  ascer- 
tained by  law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the 
nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation  ;  to 
be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against 
him  ;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  ob- 
taining Witnesses  in  his  favor,  and  to 
have  the  Assistance  of  Counsel  for  his> 
defence. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the 
value  in  controversy  shall  exceed  twenty 
dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be 
preserved,  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury 
shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any 
Court  of  the  United  States,  than  accord- 
ing to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 


20      CONSTITUTION  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES   OF  AMERICA. 


ARTICLE  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required, 
nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cruel 
and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 


ARTICLE  IX. 

The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution, 
of  certain  rights,  shall  not  be  construed 
to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by 
-the  people. 

ARTICLE  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United 
States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited 
by  it  to  the  States,  are  reserved  to  the 
States  respectively,  or  to  the  people. 

ARTICLE  XI. 

The  Judicial  power  of  the  United 
States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend 
to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity,  commenced 
or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United 
States  by  Citizens  of  another  State,  or 
by  Citizens  or  Subjects  of  any  Foreign 
State. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  re- 
spective States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for 
President  and  Vice-President,  one  of 
whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an  inhabi- 
tant of  the  same  State  with  themselves  ; 
they  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  per- 
son voted  for  as  President,  and  in  distinct 
ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  Vice-Presi- 
dent, and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists 
of  all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and 
of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice-President, 
and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each, 
which  lists  they  shall  sign  and  certify, 
and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  directed  to 
the  President  of  the  Senate  ;-^The  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence 
of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives, open  all  the  certificates  and  the 
votes  shall  then  be  counted ; — The  per- 
son having  the  greatest  number  of  votes 
for  President,  shall  be  the  President,  if 
such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole 
number  of  Electors  appointed  ;  and  if  no 
person  have  such  majority,  then  from  the 
persons  having  the  highest  numbers  not 
exceeding  three  on  the  list  of  those  voted 
for  as  President,  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives shall  choose  immediately,  by 
ballot,  the  President.  But  in  choosing 


the  President,  the  votes  shall  be  taken 
by  States,  the  representation  from  each 
state  having  one  vote  ;  a  quorum  for  this 
purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or 
members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States, 
and  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be 
necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House 
of  Representatives  shall  not  choose  a 
President  whenever  the  right  of  choice 
shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth 
day  of  March  next  following,  then  the 
Vice-President  shall  act  as  President,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other  consti- 
tutional disability  of  the  President.  The 
person  having  the  greatest  number  of 
votes  as  Vice-President,  shall  be  the  Vice- 
President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority 
of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  ap- 
pointed, and  if  no  person  have  a  majority, 
then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on 
the  list,  the  Senate  shall  choose  the  Vice- 
President;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose 
shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole 
number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of 
the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to 
a  choice.  But  no  person  constitutionally 
ineligible  to  the  office  of  President  shall 
be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States. 


ARTICLE  XIII. 

SECTION  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  invol 
untary  servitude,  except  as  a  punishment 
for  crime  whereof  the  party  shall  have 
been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist  within 
the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to 
their  jurisdiction. 

SECTION  2.  Congress  shall  have  power 
to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legis- 
lation. 

ARTICLE  XIV. 

SECTION  1.  All  persons  born  or  natu- 
ralized in  the  United  States,  and  subject 
to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of 
the  United  States  and  of  the  State  wherein 
they  reside.  No  State  shall  make  or  en- 
force any  law  which  shall  abridge  the 
privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States  ;  nor  shall  any  State  de- 
prive any  person  of  life,  liberty,  or  pro- 
perty, without  due  process  of  law ;  nor 
deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction 
the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

SECTION  2.  Representatives  shall  be 
apportioned  among  the  several  States 
according  to  their  respective  numbers, 
counting  the  whole  number  of  persons  in 
each  State,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed. 
But  when  the  right  to  vote  at  any  election 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES   OF  AMERICA.      21 


for  the  choice  of  electors  for  President 
and  Vice  President  of  the  United  States, 
Representatives  in  Congress,  the  Execu- 
tive and  Judicial  officers  of  a  State,  or  the 
members  of  the  Legislature  thereof,  is 
denied  to  any  of  the  male  inhabitants  of 
such  State,  being  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in 
any  way  abridged,  except  for  participa- 
tion in  rebellion,  or  other  crime,  the  basis 
of  representation  therein  shall  be  reduced 
in  the  proportion  which  the  number  of 
such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  the  whole 
number  of  male  citizens  twenty-one  years 
of  age  in  such  State. 

SECTION  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Sen- 
ator or  Representative  in  Congress,  or 
elector  of  President  and  Vice  President, 
or  hold  any  office,  civil  or  military,  under 
the  United  States,  or  under  any  State, 
who,  having  previously  taken  an  oath, 
as  a  member  of  Congress,  or  as  an  officer 
of  the  United  States,  or  as  a  member  of 
any  State  legislature,  or  as  an  executive 
or  judicial  officer  of  any  State,  to  support 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection  or  re- 
bellion against  the  same,  or  given  aid  or 
comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.  But 


Congress  may  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of 
each  House,  remove  such  disability. 

SECTION  4.  The  validity  of  the  public 
debt  of  the  United  States,  authorized  by 
law,  including  debts  incurred  for  pay- 
ment of  pensions  and  bounties  for  services 
in  suppressing  insurrection  or  rebellion, 
shall  not  be  questioned.  But  neither  the 
United  States  nor  any  State  shall  assume 
or  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred  in 
aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion  against 
the  United  States,  or  any  claim  for  the 
loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave  ;  but 
all  such  debts,  obligations  and  claims 
shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 

SECTION  5.  The  Congress  shall  have 
power  to  enforce,  by  appropriate  legisla- 
tion, the  provisions  of  this  article. 

ARTICLE   XV. 

SECTION  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied 
or  abridged  by  the  United  States  or  by 
any  State  on  account  of  race,  color,  or 
previous  condition  of  servitude. 

SECTION  2.  The  Congress  shall  have 
power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropri- 
ate legislation. 


THE    SEAT  OF  GOVERNMENT. 


THE  location  for  the  permanent  seat  of 
government  was  finally  decided  in  July, 
1790,  when  the  present  site  was  selected. 
President  Washington  advocated  this  site, 
•which  fact  had  great  weight  with  Con- 
gress. 

The  States  of  Virginia  and  Maryland 
ceded  to  the  general  government  territory 
embracing  an  area  of  ten  miles  square, 
including  the  cities  of  Georgetown  and 
Alexandria,  and  donated  $170,000  for  the 
improvement  of  the  capital. 

Congress  appointed  a  commission  to 
make  purchases  of  land  from  individuals, 
and  to  define  the  boundaries  and  erect 
the  necessary  buildings.  On  the  15th  of 
April,  1791,  this  commission  laid  the  cor- 
ner-stone of  the  District  at  Jones'  Point, 
near  Alexandria,  and  named  the  territory 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  capital 
city  Washington.  In  June,  1800,  the 
necessary  buildings  were  ready  for  occu- 
pancy. The  public  offices  were  immedi- 
ately removed  from  Philadelphia,  and  on 
the  third  Monday  of  November  following 
Congress  held  its  first  session  in  Wash- 
ington. On  the  27th  of  February,  1801, 
Congress  formally  assumed  jurisdiction 
over  the  District  of  Columbia.  In  July, 
1846,  Congress  ceded  back  to  the  State 
of  Virginia  the  territory  donated  by  her, 
embracing  the  city  and  county  of  Alex- 
andria, which  reduce.d  the  area  to  about 
sixty  square  miles. 

Under  the  direction  of  President  Wash- 
ington the  plan  of  the  city  of  Washing- 
ton was  laid  out  by  Major  Peter  Charles 
L'Enfant,  a  French  engineer,  who  had 


served  in  our  Continental  army,  whose 
work  was  followed  up  and  completed  by 
Andrew  Ellicott.  Ellicott  drew  a  merid- 
ional line,  by  astronomical  observation, 
through  the  area  intended  for  the  Capitol ; 
this  he  crossed  by  another,  a  due  East 
and  West  line,  and  upon  these  bases  laid 
off  two  sets  of  streets,  intersecting  each 
other  at  right  angles.  The  streets  run- 
ning East  and  West  were  named  with  the 
letters  of  the  alphabet,  and  those  North 
and  South  were  given  numerical  names. 
Another  set  of  streets  was  then  laid  off, 
called  Avenues,  which  cut  the  streets  at 
various  angles,  and  connected  the  most 
prominent  points  of  the  city.  The  inter- 
sections of  the  avenues  with  one  another 
and  the  streets  leave  large  open  spaces, 
upon  some  of  which  the  public  buildings 
are  erected,  and  the  others  are  so  embel- 
lished as  to  form  beautiful  parks.  The 
avenues  bear  the  names  of  the  States  in 
the  Union,  and  are  160  feet  in  width, 
with  a  few  exceptions,  which  are  120  and 
130  feet;  the  streets  are  from  80  to  110 
feet.  The  city  is  about  four  and  a  half 
miles  in  length  and  two  and  a  half  in 
breadth. 

Washington  is  situated  on  the  eastern 
bank  of  the  Potomac  River,  106J  statute 
miles  above  its  mouth,  and  about  185J 
miles  from  Cape  Henry,  at  the  mouth  of 
Chesapeake  Bay. 

By  the  United  States  census  of  1880, 
the  population  of  the  District  was  177,638  ; 
of  Washington,  147,307;  of  Georgetown, 
12,578;  of  the  county,  17,753. 


22 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


THIS  Department  consists  of  a  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives. 

Two  Senators  represent  each  State,  and 
there  being  now  thirty-eight  States,  the 
Senate  is  composed  of  seventy-six  Sena- 
tors. 

TIME  AND  MANNER  OF  ELECTING 
SENATORS. 

The  Legislature  of  each  State  which  is 
chosen  next  preceding  the  expiration  of 
.the  time  for  which  any  Senator  was 
elected,  on  the  second  Tuesday  after 
-meeiw^g  proceeds  to  elect  a  Senator.  A 
viva-voce  vote  is  taken  in  each  house  of 
the  Legislature,  and  the  name  of  the  per- 
son receiving  a  majority  of  the  whole 
number  of  votes  cast  is  entered  on  the 
journal. 

At  twelve  o'clock,  next  day,  the  mem- 
bers of  each  house  convene  in  joint  as- 
sembly, and  if  the  same  person  has  re- 
ceived a  majority  of  votes  in  both  houses 
he  is  declared  elected.  But  if  not,  the 
joint  assembly  proceeds  to  choose,  and 
the  person  receiving  a  majority  of  all  the 
votes,  a  majority  of  all  the  members 
elected  to  both  houses  being  present  and 
voting,  is  elected. 

If  on  the  first  day  no  election  is  made, 
the  joint  assembly  meets  on  each  succeed- 
ing day,  and  must  take  at  least  one  vote 
until  a  Senator  is  elected. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES  con- 
sists of  two  hundred  and  ninety-three 
Representatives  and  eight  Delegates,  ap- 
portioned among  the  States  and  Terri- 
tories as  follows :  Maine,  5  ;  New  Hamp- 
shire, 3  ;  Vermont,  3  ;  Massachusetts,  11 ; 
Rhode  Island,  2;  Connecticut,  4;  New 
York,  33  ;  New  Jersey,  7  ;  Pennsylvania, 
27  ;  Delaware,  1 ;  Maryland,  6;  Virginia, 
9;  North  Carolina,  8;  South  Carolina,  5; 
Georgia,  9  ;  Alabama,  8;  Mississippi,  6; 
Louisiana,  6;  Ohio,  20;  Kentucky,  10; 
Tennessee,  10;  Indiana,  13;  Illinois,  19; 
Missouri,  13;  Arkansas,  4;  Michigan,  9; 
Florida,  2 ;  Texas,  6  ;  Iowa,  9 ;  Wiscon- 


sin, 8  ;  California,  4 ;  Minnesota,  3  ;  Ore- 
gon, 1  ;  Kansas,  3 ;  West  Virginia,  3 ; 
Nevada,  1;  Nebraska,  1;  Colorado,  1. 
There  is  one  Delegate  from  each  of  the 
following  Territories:  Arizona,  Dakota, 
Idaho,  Montana,  New  Mexico,  Utah, 
Washington,  and  Wyoming. 

Representatives  in  Congress  are  elected* 
by  ballot  in  districts  composed  of  con- 
tiguous territory,  and  containing  as  nearly 
as  practicable  an  equal  number  of  inhabi- 
tants. The  day  for  electing  Congressmen 
is  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday^ 
in  November,  every  second  year.  Dele-" 
gates  from  the  Territories  are  elected  by  a 
majority  of  the  votes  of  the  qualified  voters 
of  the  Territories  respectively.  They  have 
seats  in  the  House,  with  the  right  of  de- 
bating, but  not  of  voting.  Each  Senator, 
Representative,  and  Delegate  receives  a 
compensation  of  $5000  a  year.  The  Pres- 
ident of  the  Senate  (who  is  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States)  and  the  Speaker  of 
the  House,  $8000  a  year  each.  Senators, 
Representatives,  and  Delegates  are  also 
allowed  actual  individual  travelling  ex- 
penses from  their  homes  to  the  seat  of 
Government  and  return,  once  in  each 
session. 

The  following  officers,  clerks,  and  other 
employes  are  in  the  service  of  Congress, 
with  the  annual  compensation,  when  not 
otherwise  stated,  set  opposite  each  : 

SENATE. 

Secretary  of  the  Senate $4896.00 

Chief  clerk 3000.00 

Principal  clerk 2592.00 

Principal  executive  clerk 2592.00 

Minute  and  journal  clerk 2592.00 

Financial  clerk  and   enrolling  clerk, 

each 2592.00 

Librarian 2220.00 

Assistant  librarian 1440.00 

6  clerks  in  Secretary's  office,  each 2220.00 

5         <'  "  «  "    2100.00 

Keeper  of  the  stationery 2102.40 

Assistant     "          "  1800.00 

2  messengers,  each 1296.00 

4  laborers  in  Secretary's  office,  each....     720.00 

23 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


1  special  policeman $1296.00 

Chaplain  of  the  Senate 900.00 

Secretary  to  the  Vice-President 2102.40 

Messenger  to  the  Vice-President's  room  1440.00 
Clerk  to  Committee  on  Appropriations  2500.00 
Assistant  clerk  "  "  1600.00 

Clerk  of  printing  records 2220.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  Finance 2220.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  Claims 2220.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  Commerce 2220.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  the  Judiciary..  2220.00 
Clerk  to  Com.  on  Private  Land  Claims  2220.00 
Clerk  to  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs...  2220.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  Pensions 2220.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  2220.00 
Clerk  to  Committee  on  Post-Offices  and 

Post-Roads 2220.00 

Clerk  to  Comm.  on  Dist.  of  Columbia..  2220.00 
Clerk  to  Joint  Com   on  the  Library...  2220.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  the  Census 2220.00 

Sergeant-at-Arms  and  Doorkeeper 4320.00 

Clerk  to  the  Sergeant-at-Arms 2000.00 

Assistant  doorkeeper 2592.00 

Acting  assistant  doorkeeper 2592.00 

3  acting  assistant  doorkeepers,  each...  1800.00 

Postmaster  to  the  Senate 2250.00 

Assistant  postmaster  and  mail-carrier.  2088.00 

4  mail -carriers,  each 1200.00 

Superintendent  document-room 2160.00 

2  assistants  in         -"  "     each...  1440.00 

1  page  in  «  "      720.00 

Superintendent  of  folding-room 2160.00 

1  assistant  in  "  "     1200.00 

24  messengers  (asst.  doorkeepers),  each  1440.00 

1  messenger  to  Committee  on  Appro- 
priations   1440.00 

Messenger  in  charge  of  store-room 1200.00 

Messenger  in  official  reporter's  room..  1200.00 
Chief  engineer 2160.00 

3  assistant  engineers,  each 1440.00 

Conductor  of  elevator 1200.00 

2  firemen,  each 1095.00 

3  laborers  in  engineer's   department, 

each 720.00 

8  skilled  laborers,  each 1000.00 

12  laborers,  each 720.00 

12  laborers  during  session,  at  the  rate 

of,  each 720.00 

1  laborer  in  charge  of  private  passage     840.00 
1  female  employe  in  charge  of  ladies' 

retiring-room 720.00 

1  telegraph  operator 1200.00 

22  clerks  to  committees  during   ses- 
sions, each  at  $6  per  diem. 
14  pages  for  the  Senate  Chamber ; 

3  riding  pages;  and 

1  page  for  the  office  of  the  Secretary, 
at  the  rate  of  $2.50  per  day  each 
when  employed. 

4  folders,  at  $3  per  day  each  when  em- 
ployed. 

Twenty-five  thousand  dollars  each  ses- 
sion is  appropriated  for  reporting  the  de- 
bates and  proceedings  of  the  Senate. 

CAPITOL   POLICE. 

1  captain $1600.00 

3  lieutenants,  each 1200  00 

21  privates,  each 1100.00 

8  watchmen,  each 900.00 


HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

Clerk  of  the  House $4500.00 

Chief  clerk 3000.00 

Journal  clerk 3000.00 

2  reading  clerks,  each 3000.00 

Tally  clerk 3000.00 

Disbursing  clerk 2250.00 

File  clerk 2250.00 

Printing  and  bill  clerk 2500.00 

Enrolling  clerk 2250.00 

Assistant  to  chief  clerk 2000.00 

Assistant  disbursing  clerk 2000.00 

Resolution  and  petition  clerk 2000.00 

Newspaper  clerk 2000.00 

Superintendent  of  document-room 2000.00 

Index  clerk 2000.00 

Librarian 2000.00 

Distributing  clerk 1800.00 

Stationery  clerk 1800.00 

Document  clerk 1440.00 

Upholsterer 1440.00 

Locksmith 1440.00 

2  assistant  librarians,  each 1440.00 

1  page,  per  month 60.00 

1  book-keeper 1600.00 

4  clerks,  each 1600.00 

1  laborer  in  bath-room 720.00 

4  laborers,  each 720.00 

1  telegraph  operator 720.00 

Clerk   to    Committee    on    Ways    and 

Means 2500.00 

Assistant  clefk  to  Committee  on  Ways 

and  Means 1200.00 

1  messenger  to  Committee  on  Ways  and 

Means 1000.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  Appropriations  2500.00 
1  messenger  to  Committee  on  Appro- 
priations  •. 1000.00 

Assistant  clerk  to  Committee  on  Ap- 
propriations    1600.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  Claims 2000.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  Public  Lands..  2000.00 
Clerk  to  Committee  on  War  Claims....  2000.00 
Clerk  to  Committee  on  Invalid  Pen- 
sions   2000.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  Judiciary 2000.00 

Clerk  to  Committee  on  District  of  Co- 
lumbia   2000.00 

Assistant  clerk  to  Committee  on  War 

Claims 1600.00 

Private  secretary  to  the  Speaker 1800.00 

Clerk  at  Speaker's  table 1600.00 

Clerk  to  the  Speaker 1400.00 

Sergeant-at-Arms  of  the  House 4000.00 

Clerk  to    "  "  "     2100.00 

Paying  teller  for       "  "     2000.00 

Messenger        "         "  "     1200.00 

1  laborer          "         "  «     660.00 

1  page,  per  month 60.00 

Doorkeeper 2500.00 

Assistant  doorkeeper 2000.00 

Clerk  for          "  1200.00 

Janitor 1200.00 

Chief  engineer 1700.00 

2  assistant  engineers,  each 1200.00 

1  electrician 1150.00 

1  laborer 820.00 

5  firemen,  each 900.00 

2  messengers  in   the  House   Library, 

per  day 3.60 


HOW  LAWS  ABE  ENACTED. 


25 


Superintendent  of  folding-room $2000.00 

1  clerk  in  folding-room 1800.00 

2  clerks  "  "     1200.00 

Superintendent  of  document-room 2000.00 

Chief  assistant  in          "  "     2000.00 

Document  file  clerk 1400.00 

14  messengers  on  "  Soldiers'  roll,"  pro- 
vided said  messengers  served  in  the 
Union  army,  each 1200.00 

8  messengers,  each 1200.00 

10         "  "    1000.00 

7  laborers,  "    720.00 

10      "         during  the  session,  at  the 

rate  of,  each 720.00 

1  laborer 840.00 

2  laborers,  each 600.00 

8  "        "  cloak-room    men,"    each 

per  month,  during  the  session 50.00 

1   female  attendant,   ladies'  retiring- 
room 600.00 

Postmaster 2500.00 

First  assistant  postmaster 2000.00 

8  messengers,  each 1200.00 

4  "  during   the   session,   at 

rate  of,  each 800.00 

1  laborer 720.00 

Chaplain  of  the  House 900.00 

2  stenographers  for  committees,  each..  5000.00 

5  official  reporters  of  the  proceedings 

and  debates  of  the  House,  each 5000.00 

Compiler  of  the  general  index  qf  the 

journals  of  Congress 2500.00 

32   clerks  to  committees,  during  the 

session,  $6  per  day  each. 
1  journal  clerk  for  preparing  digest  of 

the  rules 1000.00 

29   pages,   when    employed,  per   day, 

each 2.50 

1  foreman  of  folding-room 1500.00 

15  folders,  each 720.00 

10      "  "     900.00 

5        "  "     840.00 

1  messenger 1200.00 

1  folder  in  sealing-room 1200.00 

1  page 500.00 

1  laborer....  .     400.00 


HOW  LAWS  ARE  ENACTED. 

Every  act  in  its  incipient  stage  is  called 
a  bill. 

All  bills  may  originate  in  either  house 
except  revenue  bills.  The  Constitution 
requires  that  they  must  originate  in  the 
House  of  Representatives.  Bills  may  be 
introduced  by  individual  members,  on 
leave,  or  by  the  report  of  a  committee : 
and  by  the  rules  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives the  States  are  called  for  the 
introduction  of  bills  on  Mondays,  when 
every  member  may  present  one  or  more 
bills.  They  are  required  to  be  read  three 
times  in  each  house,  on  tfiree  different 
days,  unless  two-thirds  of  the  house  agree 
to  dispense  with  the  rule.  The  first  read- 
ing is  for  information  only  ;  and  if  there 
be  any  opposition,  the  question  is  upon 


the  rejection  of  the  bill.  If  not  opposed 
or  rejected  it  passes  to  a  second  reading, 
and  the  question  is  then  upon  its  commit- 
ment or  engrossment.  If  committed,  it 
is  either  to  a  standing  or  select  committee, 
consisting  of  a  few,  or  to  a  general  com- 
mittee of  the  whole  house. 

Bills  of  great  importance  are  usually 
discussed  in  committee  of  the  whole,  be- 
cause greater  freedom  of  debate  is  there 
allowed  than  when  the  same  persons  are 
sitting  as  a  house. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives  all 
bills  appropriating  money,  or  that  involve 
an  expenditure  from  the  treasury,  must 
be  considered  in  committee  of  the  whole. 
After  discussion  in  committee,  the  bill  is 
reported  back  to  the  House,  with  or  with- 
out amendment.  If  with  amendments, 
they  are  acted  upon  in  the  House,  and 
others  may  there  be  offered.  When  the 
bill  has  in  this  way  become  sufficiently 
matured,  the  question  is  upon  its  engross- 
ment for  a  third  reading,  by  which  is 
meant  the  copying  of  it  in  a  fair  hand. 
After  engrossment,  amendments  are 
rarely  offered.  A  clause  is,  however,  some- 
times offered  by  way  of  rider.  After  the 
third  reading  the  question  is  upon  its 
final  passage.  If  it  pass  it  is  signed  by 
the  presiding  officer  and  transmitted  to 
the  other  house,  where  it  goes  through  a 
similar  routine.  If  amendments  are 
made,  then  it  is  sent  back  for  concur- 
rence ;  and  in  case  of  disagreement  com- 
mittees of  conference  are  appointed,  who 
meet  together  and  aim  to  come  to  some 
agreement,  one  side  yielding  something 
to  the  other,  and  thereby  arriving  at  a 
sort  of  compromise.  The  conference  com- 
mittees then  report  their  agreements  to 
their  respective  houses.  When  it  has 
thus  passed  both  houses  it  is  delivered  to 
a  joint  committee  for  enrollment,  who  see 
that  it  is  correctly  copied.  It  is  then 
signed  by  the  presiding  officers  (the  Pres- 
ident of  the  Senate  and  the  Speaker  of 
the  House)  of  the  two  houses.  Now  it 
has  another  ordeal  to  pass  before  consum- 
mation, and  that  is  the  scrutiny  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States.  The  bill 
is  sent  to  him  for  approval,  and  if  he  ap- 
proves it  he  signs  it.  If  not,  he  sends  it 
back  to  the  house  where  it  originated, 
with  his  objections,  in  a  communication 
commonly  called  a  veto  message,  which 
objections  are  entered  on  its  journal. 
The  bill  is  then  reconsidered,  and  the 
question  then  is,  u  Shall  the  bill  pass  not- 
withstanding the  objections  of  the  Presi- 
dent?" If  it  pass  by  two-thirds  of  both 
houses  it  becomes  a  law  over  the  veto  of 


26 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


the  President.  The  President  has  ten 
days  in  which  to  consider  a  bill,  and  if 
he  does  not  return  it  within  that  period, 
unless  Congress  prevent  him  by  adjourn- 
ment, it  becomes  a  law  without  his  sig- 
nature. The  veto  power,  thus  qualified, 
extends  to  every  order,  resolution,  or 
vote  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the  two 
houses  is  necessary. 

ANALYSIS  OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 

The  following  analysis  of  the  annual 
appropriation  bills  has  been  prepared  for 
the  purpose  of  assisting  members  of  Con- 
gress, Government  officers,  and  others  in 
ascertaining  specifically  the  objects  for 
which  the  several  appropriations  are 
made.  It  will  be  understood  that  the 
objects  appropriated  for  will,  to  some 
extent,  differ  from  year  to  year  in  the 
several  bills. 

LEGISLATIVE,    EXECUTIVE,    AND 
JUDICIAL  BILL. 

Senate :  compensation  of  Capitol  po- 
lice, employes,  officers,  and  Senators. 
Contingent  expenses,  directory  of  Con- 
gress, folding  documents,  folding  mate- 
rial, fuel  and  oil  for  heating  apparatus, 
furniture  and  repairs  of  furniture,  horses 
and  wagons  for  carrying  the  mail,  mile- 
age of  Senators,  packing-boxes,  and  re- 
porting debates. 

House  of  Representatives :  compensa- 
tion of  clerks,  delegates,  employes,  and 
members  of  Congress.  Cartage,  folding 
documents,  folding  material,  fuel  and  oil 
for  heating  apparatus,  furniture  and  re- 
pairs of  furniture,  horses  and  wagons  for 
carrying  the  mails,  mileage  of  members 
of  Congress  and  delegates,  miscellaneous 
items,  newspapers,  packing-boxes,  post- 
age-stamps, reporting  debates,  and  sta- 
tionery. 

Public  printing:  compensation  of 
clerks,  public  printer,  and  contingent 
expenses. 

Library  of  Congress :  compensation  of 
assistants  in  Botanic  Garden,  assistant 
librarians,  laborers  in  Botanic  Garden, 
librarian,  and  superintendent  of  Botanic 
Garden.  Books,  books  of  reference  for 
Supreme  Court,  contingent  expenses  of 
library,  copyright  business,  exchange  of 
public  documents  with  foreign  govern- 
ments, improving  Botanic  Garden,  for 
manure,  tools,  etc. ;  periodicals  and 
newspapers. 

Executive  :  compensation  of  assistant 
secretary,  clerks  and  employes,  President 
of  the  United  States,  private  secretary, 


and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 
Contingent  expenses. 

State  Department:  compensation  of 
assistant  secretaries  of  state,  chiefs  of 
bureaus,  chief  clerk,  clerks  and  other 
employe's,  lithographer,  and  Secretary  of 
State.  Contingent  expenses,  editing  and 
distributing  United  States  statutes,  and 
lithographic  press  materials. 

TREASURY   DEPARTMENT. 

Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing: 
compensation  of  accountant,  assistant 
chief,  chief  of  bureau,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  and  stenographer. 

Bureau  of  Statistics  :  compensation  of 
chief  of  bureau,  chief  clerk,  clerks  and 
other  employes;  expert  services  relating 
to  internal  and  foreign  commerce. 

Commissioners  of  Customs  :  compensa- 
tion of  commissioner,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  and  deputy  commissioner. 

Commissioners  of  Internal  Revenue : 
compensation  of  agents,  clerks,  collect- 
ors, commissioner,  deputy  commissioner, 
heads  of  divisions,  stenographer,  and 
storekeepers.  Detecting,  trial,  and  pun- 
ishment of  persons  violating  internal 
revenue  laws ;  dies,  paper,  and  stamps ; 
gaugers'  fees  and  expenses ;  information 
and  detection,  payment  for. 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency  :  compen- 
sation of  book-keeper  of  national  cur- 
rency, chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  comptroller,  deputy  comptrol- 
ler, superintendent  of  national  currency, 
and  teller.  Special  examination  of  na- 
tional banks  and  bank-plates. 

Fifth  Auditor:  compensation  of  au- 
ditor, chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  and  deputy  auditor. 

First  Auditor :  compensation  of  au- 
ditor, chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and  other 
employe's,  and  deputy  auditor. 

First  Comptroller:  compensation  of 
chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and  other  em- 
ployes, comptroller  and  deputy  comp- 
troller. 

Fourth  Auditor:  compensation  of  au- 
ditor, chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  and  deputy  auditor. 

Life-Saving  Service  Office:  compensa- 
tion of  assistant  general  superintendent, 
clerks  aad  other  employes,  general  su- 
perintendent, and  principal  clerk  and 
accountant. 

Light-House  Board :  compensation  of 
chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other  employes. 

Register  of  the  Treasury :  compensa- 
tion of  assistant  register,  chiefs  of  divis- 
ions, clerks  and  other  employes,  and 
register. 


ANALYSIS   OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 


27 


Second  Auditor :  compensation  of  au- 
ditor, chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  and  deputy  auditor. 

Second  Comptroller :  compensation  of 
chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and  other  em- 
ploye's, comptroller  and  deputy  comp- 
troller. 

Secretary's  Office  :  compensation  of  as- 
sistant chiefs  of  divisions,  assistant  secre- 
taries, chief  clerk,  chiefs  of  divisions, 
clerks  and  other  employe's,  disbursing 
clerks,  secretary,  and  stenographer  to  the 
secretary. 

Sixth  Auditor:  compensation  of  au- 
ditor, chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  and  deputy  auditor. 

Supervising  Architect's  Office :  com- 
pensation of  assistant  and  chief  clerk, 
clerks  and  other  employes,  photographer, 
and  supervising  architect. 

Third  Auditor:  compensation  of  au- 
ditor, chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  and  deputy  auditor. 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States :  com- 
pensation of  assistant  cashier,  assistant 
teller,  assistant  treasurer,  book-keepers, 
cashier,  chief  clerk,  chiefs  of  divisions, 
clerks  and  other  employe's,  superintend- 
ent redeeming  national  currency,  teller, 
and  treasurer. 

Contingent  expenses :  alcohol,  awn- 
ings and  fixtures,  axes,  baskets,  bel- 
lows, bells  and  bell-pulls,  belting  (gurn 
and  other  kinds),  blowers,  book-rests, 
books,  bowls  and  pitchers,  boxes,  brooms, 
brushes,  buckets,  cane,  candles,  candle- 
sticks, canvas,  care  of  grounds,  carpets 
(repairs  and  laying),  car-tickets,  cases 
for  files,  chamois-skins,  chair-covers  and 
caning,  chairs,  chisels,  clocks  and  repairs, 
cloth,  cloth  for  covering  desks,  coal,  coal- 
hods,  cotton,  crash,  cushions,  desks,  dust- 
ers, door-  and  window-fasteners,  express- 
age,  file-holders,  files,  flour,  freight, 
gas-brackets,  gas-burners,  gas  drop-lights 
and  tubing,  gas  globes,  grate-baskets  and 
fixtures,  grates,  hammers,  hand-saws, 
hand-stamps  and  repairs,  hearths,  horses, 
care  and  subsistence;  ice  and  ice-picks, 
investigation  of  accounts  and  records, 
keys,  labor,  lanterns,  leather,  locks,  lye, 
machinery  and  repairs  of,  mallets,  marine 
(cancelled)  papers,  arranging  and  bind- 
ing: matches  and  match-safes,  matting, 
repairs  and  laying;  nails,  newspapers,  oil, 
oilcloth,  repairs  and  laying  ;  pokers,  post- 
age, powders,  rent  of  buildings,  repairs 
of  furniture,  rugs,  screws,  shelving, 
ships'  registers,  sealing  of;  shovels,  soap, 
spittoons,  sponges,  stationery,  stencil- 
plates,  stoves  and  fixtures,  tables,  tacks, 
telegrams,  thermometers,  tongs,  tools, 


towels,  washing  and  hemming ;  traps, 
tumblers,  turpentine,  varnish,  ventilators, 
wall-paper,  wagons,  water-coolers,  whet- 
stones, wicks,  window-shades  and  fix- 
tures, wire,  wire-screens,  wood,  and  zinc. 

Independent  Treasury. 

Baltimore,  compensation  of  assistant 
treasurer,  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other 
employe's. 

Boston,  compensation  of  assistant  treas- 
urer, chief  clerk,  clerks,  tellers,  messen- 
gers, and  other  employes. 

Chicago,  compensation  of  assistant 
treasurer,  cashier,  clerks,  tellers,  and 
other  employes. 

Cincinnati,  compensation  of  assistant 
treasurer,  book-keeper,  cashier,  clerks, 
and  other  employes. 

New  Orleans,  compensation  of  assistant 
treasurer,  book-keeper,  cashier,  clerks, 
teller,  and  other  employe's. 

New  York,  compensation  of  assistant 
treasurer,  cashier  and  chief  clerk,  chiefs 
of  divisions,  clerks,  deputy  assistant 
treasurer,  messengers,  and  other  em- 
ployed. 

Philadelphia,  compensation  of  assistant 
treasurer,  book-keeper,  cashier  and  chief 
clerk,  clerks,  and  other  employes. 

Saint  Louis,  compensation  of  assistant 
treasurer,  book-keeper,  chief  clerk  and 
teller,  clerks,  and  other  employe's. 

San  Francisco,  compensation  of  assist- 
ant treasurer,  book-keeper,  cashier, 
clerks,  and  other  employes. 

Tucson  (depository),  compensation  of 
depositary. 

Contingent  expenses :  certificates  of 
deposits,  checks,  check-books  ;  collection, 
safe-keeping,  transfer,  and  disbursement 
of  public  moneys  ;  pay  of  special  agents 
to  examine  books,  accounts,  moneys,  etc., 
of  sub-treasuries;  transportation  of  notes, 
bonds,  and  other  securities. 

United  States  Mints. 

Office  of  the  Director :  salary  of  assay 
clerk,  assayer,  clerks  and  other  employe's, 
director,  and  examiner. 

Contingent  expenses  :  balances,  books, 
chemicals  for  assay  laboratory,  examina- 
tion of  mints,  fuel  for  assay  laboratory, 
freight  on  bullion  and  coin,  materials  for 
assay  laboratory,  parting  and  refining 
bullion,  pamphlets,  periodicals,  specimens 
of  coins  and  ores,  and  weights. 

At  Carson,  salary  of  adjusters,  assayer, 
assayer's clerk,  book-keeper,  cashier,  chief 
clerk,  coiner,  computing  clerk,  melter  and 
refiner,  superintendent,  voucher  clerk, 


28 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


weigh  clerk,  workmen.  Incidental  and 
contingent  expenses. 

At  Denver,  salary  of  assayer  in  charge, 
assistant  assayer,  chief  clerk,  clerks, 
melter,  and  workmen.  Incidental  and 
contingent  expenses. 

At  New  Orleans,  salary  of  adjusters, 
assayer,  assayer1  s  clerk,  book-keeper, 
cashier,  chief  clerk,  coiner,  deposit  clerk, 
melter  and  refiner,  superintendent,  weigh 
clerk,  and  workmen.  Incidental  and  con- 
tingent expenses ;  repairs  and  ma- 
chinery. 

Philadelphia,  salary  of  adjusters,  as- 
sayer, assistant  assayer.  assistant  coiner, 
assistant  melter  and  refiner,  book-keeper, 
cashier,  chief  clerk,  clerk,  coiner,  deposit 
clerk,  engraver,  melter,  refiner,  superin- 
tendent, weigh  clerk,  and  workmen.  In- 
cidental and  contingent  expenses. 

San  Francisco,  salary  of  adjusters, 
assayer,  cashier,  chief  clerk,  clerks, 
coiner,  melter  and  refiner,  superintend- 
ent, and  workmen.  Incidental  and  con- 
tingent expenses. 

United  States  Assay  Offices. 

Bois  City,  Idaho,  salary  of  assayer  and 
clerk.  Incidental  and  contingent  ex- 
penses, including  labor. 

Charlotte,  North  Carolina,  salary  of 
assayer  and  melter  and  assistant  as- 
sayer. Incidental  and  contingent  ex- 
penses, including  labor. 

Helena,  Montana  Territory,  salary  of 
assayer  in  charge,  clerk,  melter,  and  work- 
men. Incidental  and  contingent  ex- 
penses. 

New  York,  N.  Y.,  salary  of  assayer, 
assayer's  first  assistant,  assayer's  second 
assistant,  assayer's  third  assistant,  as- 
sistant weigh  clerk,  bar  clerk,  calculating 
clerk,  chief  clerk,  melter  and  refiner, 
paying  clerk,  superintendent,  warrant 
clerk,  weighing  clerk,  and  wages  of 
workmen.  Incidental  and  contingent 
expenses. 

Government  in  the  Territories:  Ari- 
zona, Dakota,  Idaho,  Montana,  New 
Mexico,  Utah,  Washington,  and  Wyom- 
ing, salaries  of  associate  judges,  chief 
justices,  clerks  of  legislative  assemblies, 
governors,  interpreter  in  Arizona,  in- 
terpreter and  translator  in  New  Mexico, 
members  of  legislative  assemblies  and 
mileage,  messengers  for  secretaries'  of- 
fices, officers  of  legislative  assemblies,  and 
secretaries.  Contingent  expenses  of  offi- 
cers and  clerks,  and  contingent  expenses 
of  the  Territories,  to  be  expended  by  the 
governors  ;  fuel,  incidentals  of  legislative 


assemblies,  light,  printing,  rent,  and  sta- 
tionery. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary's  Office:  compensation  of 
chief  clerk,  chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks  and 
other  employes,  disbursing  clerk,  Secre- 
tary of  War,  and  stenographer.  Contin- 
gent expenses  ;  rebel  archives,  examining 
and  copying  of. 

Adjutant-General's  Office:  compensa- 
tion of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other  em- 
ployes. Contingent  expenses ;  contingent 
expenses  old  Navy  Department  building, 
namely,  cleaning,  fuel,  heating  appa- 
ratus, incidental  items,  labor,  light,  and 
matting. 

Inspector-General's  Office :  compensa- 
tion of  assistant  messenger  and  clerk. 

Bureau  of  Military  Justice :  compen- 
sation of  assistant  messenger,  chief  clerk, 
and  clerks.  Contingent  expenses. 

Signal  Office :  compensation  of  assistant 
messenger  and  clerks. 

Quartermaster-General's  Office:  com- 
pensation of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other 
employes.  Contingent  expenses. 

Commissary-General's  Office:  compen- 
sation of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other 
employes.  Contingent  expenses. 

Surgeon-General's  Office:  compensa- 
tion of  anatomist,  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and 
other  employes.  Contingent  expenses, 
namely :  blank  books,  fuel,  furniture, 
gas.  incidentals,  rent,  repairs,  and  sta- 
tionery. 

Office  of  Chief  of  Ordnance :  compen- 
sation of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other 
employes.  Contingent  expenses,  namely  : 
books,  professional,  for  library  ;  carpets, 
envelopes,  express  charges,  furniture,  in- 
cidentals, matting,  newspapers,  oil-cloth, 
pamphlets,  stationery,  telegrams,  and 
wrapping  paper. 

Paymaster-General's  Office :  compensa- 
tion of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other  em- 
ploy6s.  Contingent  expenses. 

Office  of  Chief  of  Engineers :  compen- 
sation of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other 
employes.  Contingent  expenses,  namely, 
books  and  maps,  professional,  furniture 
for  office,  incidental  expenses,  and  sta- 
tionery. 

War  Department  Buildings:  compen- 
sation of  assistant  engineer,  charwomen, 
conductor  of  elevator,  engineer,  firemen, 
laborers,  and  superintendent  of  building. 
Fuel  and  miscellaneous  items,  gas,  labor, 
light,  matting,  oil-cloth,  postage-stamps 
for  mail  matter  to  countries  composing 
postal  union,  rent,  repairs  of  heating  and 


ANALYSIS  OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 


29 


ventilating  apparatus,  ventilating  appa- 
ratus, operating  of. 

Public  Buildings  and  Grounds:  com- 
pensation of  bridge-keeper  Chain  bridge, 
clerk  in  office  public  buildings,  etc. ;  draw- 
keepers  for  navy-yard  and  upper  bridges  5 
foreman  and  laborers  public  grounds; 
messenger  in  the  office  public  buildings, 
public  gardener;  watchmen  in  squares 
and  circles.  Contingent  expenses. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary's  Office:  compensation  of 
chief  clerk,  clerks  and  other  employes, 
disbursing  clerk,  and  Secretary  of  the 
Navy.  Furniture,  miscellaneous  items, 
newspapers,  and  stationery. 

Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks :  compen- 
sation of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other 
employes,  and  draughtsman.  Books, 
drawings,  labor,  miscellaneous  items,  and 
plans. 

Bureau  of  Equipment  and  Recruiting: 
compensation  of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and 
other  employes.  Books,  miscellaneous 
items,  and  stationery. 

Bureau  of  Navigation  :  compensation 
of  clerks  and  other  employes.  Books, 
miscellaneous  items,  and  stationery. 

Bureau  of  Ordnance:  compensation  of 
chief  clerk,  clerks,  and  other  employes. 
Books,  miscellaneous  items,  and  station- 
ery. 

Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair : 
compensation  of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and 
other  employes.  Miscellaneous  items 
and  stationery. 

Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering:  com- 
pensation of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  draughts- 
men, and  other  employes.  Miscellaneous 
items  and  stationery. 

Bureau  of  Provisions  and  Clothing : 
compensation  of  chief  clerk,  clerks,  and 
other  employes.  Miscellaneous  items. 

Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  com- 
pensation of  assistant  engineer,  char- 
women, conductor  of  elevator,  chief  clerk, 
clerks  and  other  employes,  firemen,  la- 
borers, and  superintendent  of  building. 
Fuel,  incidental  labor,  lights,  miscella- 
neous items  for  Navy  Department  build- 
ing, and  stationery. 

INTERIOR   DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary's  Office :  compensation  of 
chief  clerk,  chiefs  of  divisions,  clerks 
and  other  employes,  engineers,  and  fire 
men. 

General  Land  Office :  compensation  of 
chief  clerk,  clerks  and  other  employe? 
commissioner,  draughtsmen,  and  re- 


order. Contingent  expenses:  adver- 
ising,  diagrams,  expenses  of  clerks  de- 
filed to  investigate  fraudulent  land 
ntries,  etc.,  furniture  and  repairs,  maps, 
miscellaneous  items,  parchment  paper, 
and  telegraphing. 

Indian  Office:  compensation  of  chief 
clerk,  clerks  and  other  employes,  com- 
missioner, financial  clerk,  and  stenog- 
rapher. Contingent  expenses,  binding, 
"blank  books,  fuel,  light ;  miscellaneous 
items,  newspapers,  and  price  lists. 

Pension  Office :  compensation  of  chief 
clerk,  clerks  and  other  employes,  com- 
missioner, deputy  commissioner,  and 
medical  referee.  Contingent  expenses, 
awnings  and  repairs,  bounty  land  war- 
rants, carpets,  elevators,  repairing  of; 
engraving  and  retouching  plates ;  ex- 
penses of  clerks  detailed  to  investigate 
frauds ;  fuel,  furniture,  gas,  heating  ap- 
paratus, maps,  newspapers,  printing  and 
binding  bounty  land  warrants,  printing 
md  engraving  pension  certificates,  and 
telegraphing. 

United  States  Patent  Office  :  compensa- 
tion of  assistant  commissioner,  assistant 
examiners,  chief  clerk,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  commissioner  of  patents,  ex- 
aminers, examiners-in-chief,  examiner  in 
charge  of  interferences,  financial  clerk, 
and  librarian.  Contingent  expenses,  ad- 
vertising, books,  purchase  of  for  scien- 
tific library  ;  carpets,  furniture  and  labor 
connected  therewith  ;  gas-fitting,  ice,  in- 
ternational exchanges,  model-cases,  con- 
struction and  repair ;  moneys  refunded, 
painting,  paper  for  patent  heads,  paper- 
ing, photolithographing  for  official  gazette 
of  issues  of  drawing  of  patents,  designs 
and  trade-marks  of  copies  of  drawings  de- 
stroyed or  damaged  by  fire,  etc.,  including 
temporary  draughtsmen  ;  plumbing,  port- 
folios for  drawings,  printing  engraved 
patent  heads,  repairing,  and  stationery. 

Office  of  Assistant  Attorney-General : 
compensation  of  clerks. 

Bureau  of  Education  :  compensation  of 
chief  clerk,  clerks  and  other  employes, 
commissioner,  and  statistician.  Contin- 
gent expenses,  cases  for  library,  collect- 
ing statistics,  editing  and  publishing  cir- 
culars, expressage,  fuel,  furniture,  library 
expenses,  lights,  periodicals,  publications, 
and  telegraphing. 

Office  of  Auditor  of  Railroad  Accounts: 
compensation  of  auditor,  assistant  book- 
keeper, book-keeper,  clerks  and  other  em- 
ployes, and  railroad  engineer.  Incidental 
expenses,  travelling  and  other  expenses. 

Under  Architect  of  the  Capitol:  com- 
pensation of  laborers,  person  in  charge 


30 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


of  heating  apparatus  of  Congressional  li- 
brary and  Supreme  Court,  and  watch- 
men. 

Contingent  expenses  Interior  Depart- 
ment :  advertising,  books,  boxes  for  pack- 
ing documents,  cases  for  filing  documents, 
fitting  up  rooms  for  filing,  fuel,  furniture, 
ice,  light,  miscellaneous  items,  postage- 
stamps,  rent  of  building  for  Bureau  of 
Education,  rent  of  building  for  Pension 
Office,  repairs  of  heating  apparatus ; 
storing,  packing  and  distributing  official 
documents,  and  telegraphing. 

Surveyors-General  and  their  Clerks: 
compensation  of,  for  Arizona  Territory, 
California,  Colorado,  Dakota  Territory, 
Florida,  Idaho  Territory,  Louisiana,  Min- 
nesota, Montana  Territory,  Nebraska 
and  Iowa,  Nevada,  New  Mexico  Terri- 
tory, Oregon,  Utah  Territory,  Washing- 
ton Territory,  and  Wyoming  Territory. 

POST-OFFICE   DEPARTMENT. 

Office  Postmaster-General :  compensa- 
tion of  chief  clerk,  clerks  and  other  em- 
ployes, law  clerk,  and  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral. 

Office  First  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral :  compensation  of  chief  clerk,  clerks 
and  other  employes,  First  Assistant  Post- 
master-General, and  superintendents. 

Office  Second  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General:  compensation  of  chief  clerk, 
chief  of  division  of  inspection,  clerks  and 
other  employes,  Second  Assistant  Post- 
master-General, and  superintendent  of 
railway  adjustment. 

Office  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral :  compensation  of  chief  clerk,  chief 
of  division  of  dead  letters,  chief  of  divis- 
ion of  postage-stamps,  clerks  and  other 
employes,  and  Third  Assistant  Postmas- 
ter-General. 

Office  Superintendent  of  Foreign  Mails: 
compensation  of  chief  clerk,  clerks  and 
other  employes,  and  superintendent  of 
foreign  mails. 

Office  Superintendent  of  Money-Order 
System:  compensation  of  chief  clerk, 
clerks,  and  other  employes. 

Division  of  Mail  Depredations :  com- 
pensation of  chief  of  division,  and  clerks. 

Office  of  Disbursing  Clerk  and  Super- 
intendent of  Building  :  compensation  of 
accountant,  blacksmith,  carpenters,  dis- 
bursing clerk  and  superintendent,  engi- 
neers, firemen,  storekeeper,  watchmen, 
and  other  employes. 

Contingent  Expenses  Post-Office  De- 
partment: carpets,  directories  of  princi- 
pal cities  of  the  United  States,  fuel, 
furniture,  gas,  hardware,  harness,  repairs 


of-,  horses,  keeping  of;  miscellaneous 
items  ;  Official  Postal  Guide,  publication 
of;  painting;  plumbing  and  gas-fixtures, 
rent  of  house  for  office-room  ;  repairs  of 
engine,  boilers,  and  heating  apparatus ; 
stationery,  telegraphing;  wagons,  re- 
pairs of. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE. 

Office  of  the  Attorney-General :  com- 
pensation of  assistant  attorneys-general, 
assistant  attorney-general  Post-Office  De- 
partment, Attorney-General,  chief  clerk, 
clerks  and  other  employes,  disbursing 
clerk,  law  clerk,  law  clerk  and  examiner 
of  titles,  Solicitor-General,  Solicitor  of 
Internal  Revenue,  and  stenographic  clerk. 
Contingent  expenses :  books,  law  and 
miscellaneous  ;  fuel,  furniture  and  repairs 
of;  harness  and  repairs  of,  horses,  care 
and  subsistence  of;  labor,  lights,  opinions 
of  attorneys-general,  preparation  for  pub- 
lication and  superintending  of  printing  of; 
rent  of  four  floors  of  building ;  stationery, 
telegraphing,  wagons  and  repairs  of. 

Office  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury :  com- 
pensation of  assistant  solicitor,  chief  clerk, 
clerks  and  other  employes,  and  the 
Solicitor.  Books,  law  and  miscellaneous. 

Judicial. 

United  States  Courts:  salaries  of  Asso- 
ciate Justices  Supreme  Court,  Associate 
Justices  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  Attorneys,  United  States  dis- 
trict. Chief  Justice  Supreme  Court,  Chief 
Justice  Supreme  Court  of  the  District 
of  Columbia,  Circuit  Judges,  District 
Judges,  Judges  of  the  United  States  re- 
tired, marshal  Supreme  Court,  marshals 
of  United  States  district  courts,  reporters 
of  decisions  of  Supreme  Court,  and  war- 
den of  jail  District  of  Columbia. 

Court  of  Claims:  salaries  of  assistant 
clerk,  bailiff,  chief  clerk,  judges,  and 
messenger.  Contingent  expenses,  books, 
clerk-hire,  fuel,  labor,  postage,  preparing 
and  superintending  the  printing  of  the 
reports  of  the  court,  reporting  decisions, 
and  stationery. 

SUNDRY  CIVIL  EXPENSES  BILL. 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey.  Survey 
of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  other  rivers:  charts,  prep- 
aration and  publication  of;  civilians  en- 
gaged in  the  work,  compensation  of; 
Coast  Pilot,  preparation  and  publication 
of;  current  observations  of  the  coast ; 
deep-sea  temperatures ;  Delaware  Bay 
and  river,  resurvey  of ;  dredgings;  ma- 


ANALYSTS  OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 


31 


terials  for  the  Coast  Pilot ;  soundings ; 
State  surveys,  furnishing  points  for  tri- 
angulation  towards  western  coast. 

Survey  of  the  Pacific  coasts,  Columbia 
and  other  rivers :  charts,  preparation  and 
publication;  civilians  employed  in  the 
work,  compensation ;  Coast  Pilot,  publica- 
tion ;  currents ;  deep-sea  soundings ;  dredg- 
ing ;  materials  for  Coast  Pilot;  publishing 
observations  on  progress  of  the  work  ;  re- 
pairs and  maintenance  of  vessels;  State 
surveys,  furnishing  points  for;  tempera- 
tures. Books,  charts,  fuel,  gas,  instru- 
ments, maps,  miscellaneous  expenses, 
rent  of  buildings,  transportation  of  charts, 
instruments  and  maps. 

Engraving  and  Printing :  dies  for  en- 
gravers ;  labor  of  workmen  skilled  in 
engraving,  transferring,  plate-printing, 
etc. ;  macerating  machines  for  destruction 
of  United  States  bonds,  notes,  etc.,  ex- 
penses of  operating ;  machinery  and  re- 
pairs ;  materials  ;  other  expenses  of  en- 
graving and  printing  notes,  bonds,  etc. ; 
paper ;  plates,  rolls,  and  tools  for  en- 
gravers. 

Fish  and  Fisheries  :  carp,  gourami,  sal- 
mon, and  white-fish,  introduction  of  into 
the  waters  of  the  United  States ;  carp- 
ponds,  construction  of;  carp-ponds  in 
Washington  and  elsewhere,  maintenance 
of;  causes  of  decrease  of  food-fishes,  in- 
quiry into ;  cod,  propagation  of;  "Fish- 
Hawk,"  fish-hatching  steamer,  mainte- 
nance of ;  halibut  and  other  sea-fishes,  her- 
ring and  other  food-fishes,  propagation 
of;  illustrations  for  report  of  the  commis- 
sioner of  fish  and  fisheries,  preparation 
of;  shad  and  fresh-water  herring,  intro- 
duction of  in.to  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic 
and  Pacific,  the  Gulf  and  great  lake 
States;  statistics  of  sea-coast  and  lake 
fisheries. 

Life-Saving  Stations  :  advertising  ;  es- 
tablishment of  new  life-saving  stations  ; 
fuel  for  stations  and  houses  of  refuge ; 
freight;  labor;  miscellaneous  expenses  ; 
medals ;  repairs  and  outfits  for  stations  :  re- 
pairs to  apparatus  ;  salaries  of  keepers  of 
life-saving  and  life-boat  stations,  surfmen. 
superintendents,  and  volunteer  crews  of 
life-boat  stations :  stationery  ;  supplies 
of  provisions  for  houses  of  refuge  and 
stations;  travelling  expenses  of  officers. 

Light-House  Establishment:  day-bea- 
cons, establishing  of  on  Florida  Reefs  ; 
harbor  guide-lights,  establishing  of;  land 
for  light-house  purposes,  purchase  of; 
lights,  establishment  of;  light-houses, 
construction  of;  lights  on  pier-heads  on 
the  lakes,  rivers  and  sea-board,  erection, 
removal,  and  repair  of;  light-ships  and 


fog-signals,  construction  of;  plans  for 
structures,  preparation  of;  range  guide- 
lights,  establishing  of;  sites  for  light- 
houses, examination,  survey,  and  protec- 
tion of;  stake-lights,  establishing  of  on 
dikes;  steam  fog-signals,  erection  of; 
steam  tenders,  building  of. 

Buoyage  :  buoys,  day-beacons,  and 
spindles,  cleaning,  painting,  removing, 
repairing,  raising  and  supplying  losses 
of;  chains;  dolphins;  sinkers,  stakes, 
and  similar  necessaries. 

Expenses  of  light-vessels  :  incidental 
expenses  ;  rations  of  seamen  ;  repairs  of 
vessels ;  salaries  of  officers  ;  supplies  ; 
wages  of  seamen. 

Fog-signals :  duplicating,  establishing, 
improving,  and  renewing  of. 

Inspecting  lights  :  rewards  for  informa- 
tion as  to  collisions  ;  visiting  and  inspect- 
ing lights  and  other  aids  to  navigation. 

Keepers  of  light-houses:  fuel;  inci- 
dental expenses;  rations;  rent  of  quar- 
ters, salaries. 

Lighting  and  buoyage :  maintenance 
of  lights  and  buoys  on  the  Mississippi, 
Ohio,  and  Missouri  Rivers. 

Repairs  of  light-houses  and  stations  : 
illuminating  apparatus  and  machinery, 
purchase  and  repairs  of;  improving  and 
building  ;  renovating  ;  repairs  and  inci- 
dental expenses. 

Supplies  of  light-houses :  books  and 
furniture  for  light-stations  ;  illuminating 
and  cleansing  materials  ;  incidental  ex- 
penses; materials  required  for  consump- 
tion, expenses  of  inspection  and  delivery. 

Miscellaneous  Objects. 

Books,  law  and  reference,  for  the  Treas- 
ury Library ;  compensation  in  lieu  of 
moieties  under  the  customs  laws  ;  exam- 
ination of  rebel  archives  and  records  of 
captured  property. 

Expenses  of  national  currency :  en- 
graving, express  charges,  paper,  and 
printing. 

'Fuel,  lights,  and  water  for  public 
buildings :  brooms,  brushes,  buckets, 
fuel,  hammers,  hatchets,  light,  mops, 
saws,  shovels,  water,  and  wheelbarrows. 

Furniture  and  repairs  of  furniture : 
carpets,  furniture,  repairs  of  furniture. 

Heating  apparatus  for  public  build- 
ings :  heating,  hoisting,  and  ventilating 
apparatus,  and  repairs  of. 

Land  and  other  property  of  the  United 
States,  custody,  care,  and  protection  of. 

Messengers  of  the  respective  States  for 
conveying  to  the  seat  of  government  the 
electoral  vote  for  President  and  Vice- 


32 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


President,  payment  of,  at  25  cents  per 
mile,  one  distance  only. 

National  Board  of  Health  :  boards  of 
health,  State  and  local,  aid  to  ;  marine 
hospital,  Key  West,  Florida,  repairs  of 
bulkhead  of  sea-wall  of;  quarantine 
stations,  local  aid  to ;  salaries  and  ex- 
penses of  National  Board. 

Pay  of  custodians  and  janitors  of  pub- 
lic buildings. 

Plans  for  public  buildings:  labor  for  du- 
plicating plans ;  photographing  materials. 

Public  Buildings :  appraisers'  stores, 
court-houses,  custom-houses,  marine  hos- 
pitals, post-offices,  and  sub-treasuries, 
construction  of.  Repairs  and  preserva- 
tion of  public  buildings. 

Revenue-Cutter  Service:  pay  of  boys, 
cadets,  captains,  coal-passers,  cooks,  engi- 
neers, firemen,  lieutenants,  petty  officers, 
pilots,  seamen,  and  stewards:  Adver- 
tising, commutation  of  quarters,  dockage, 
fuel  for  vessels,  freight,  instruction  of 
cadets,  labor,  miscellaneous  expenses, 
repairs  and  outfits  for  vessels,  ship- 
chandlery  and  engineers'  stores,  towage, 
travelling  expenses  of  officers,  and  wharf- 
age. Revenue  steamers,  expenses  of  the 
use  of  in  protecting  the  interests  of  the 
Government  on  the  seal  islands,  sea-otter 
hunting-grounds,  etc.,  in  Alaska. 

Salaries  and  travelling  expenses  of 
agents  at  seal-fisheries  in  Alaska. 

Standard  Weights  and  Measures  :  con- 
struction and  verification  of;  fuel;  In- 
ternational Bureau  of  Weights  and 
Measures,  contribution  to  maintenance 
of;  materials;  metric  standards  for  the 
custom-houses ;  mural  standards  of 
length  ;  rent  of  fire-proof  rooms ;  trans- 
portation ;  travelling  and  other  expenses. 

Suppressing  counterfeiting  and  other 
felonies  :  detecting  and  bringing  to  trial 
and  punishment  persons  engaged  in 
counterfeiting  the  bonds,  coins,  national 
bank-notes,  treasury  notes,  and  other  se- 
curities ;  robbing  the  mails  and  other 
felonies  against  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  postal  service,  pay  and  bounty 
laws,  and  laws  relating  to  the  revenue 
service. 

Araults,  safes,  and  locks  for  public 
buildings,  and  repairs  of. 

WAR   DEPARTMENT. 

Armories  and  Arsenals :  artesian  well, 
Benicia,  Cal.,  boring  of;  repairs  of  ar- 
senals ;  repairs  and  preservation  of  build- 
ings, grounds,  and  machinery,  Springfield 
arsenal  ;  Sandy  Hook  proving-grounds, 
clearing,  levelling,  grading,  and  building 
roads  and  walks  of;  wharf  at  arsenal, 


Washington,  D.  C.,  repair  and  restoration 
of;  wharf  at  Benicia  arsenal,  Cal.,  re- 
pairs of.  Rock  Island,  Illinois :  build- 
ings and  bridges,  care  and  preservation 
of;  construction  of  workshops;  fences, 
building  of;  grounds,  grading  of;  rail- 
road, extension  and  repairs  of;  roads, 
building  of;  Rock  Island  bridge,  care 
and  preservation  of;  water-power,  care, 
preservation,  developing,  and  mainte- 
nance of;  water-tanks,  construction  of. 

Artificial  Limbs  and  Appliances  :  com- 
mutation therefor  ;  furnishing  of ;  trans- 
portation of  beneficiaries. 

Buildings  and  Grounds  in  and  around 
Washington  and  the  Executive  Mansion: 
baskets ;  flower-pots ;  fountains,  con- 
struction and  care  of;  greenhouses  and 
nursery,  care  of;  grounds  south  of  the 
Executive  Mansion,  filling  and  improv- 
ing; improvement  and  care  of  public 
grounds;  iron  fences, construction,  repair, 
and  painting  of;  Lafayette  Square,  care 
of;  lamps  and  lamp-posts,  care  of;  lyco- 
podium;  manure  and  hauling;  monument 
grounds,  care  and  improvement  of;  nui- 
sances, abating  of;  reservations,  improv- 
ing of;  seats,  purchase  and  repair  of; 
snow  and  ice,  removing  of;  trees,  tree- 
stakes,  lime,  whitewashing,  and  stock  for 
nursery  ;  twine  ;  vases  and  painting  of. 

Building  for  State,  War,  and  Navy 
Departments,  continuation  of  work  on. 

Executive  Mansion :  care  and  repair 
of;  fuel;  furniture  ;  greenhouse,  fuel  for, 
care  and  repairs  of. 

Expenses  of  military  convicts  :  costs, 
charges  of  State  penitentiaries  for  the 
care,  clothing,  maintenance,  and  medical 
attendance  of. 

Lighting  the  Executive  Mansion  and 
public  grounds :  fuel  for  greenhouses  in 
the  nursery  ;  fuel  for  the  office ;  fuel  for 
watchmen's  lodges  ;  gas  ;  lamp-posts  ; 
matches  ;  pay  of  gasfitters,  lamp-lighters, 
and  plumbers;  plumbing;  repairs  of  all 
kinds. 

Military  roadways,  construction  of; 
military  telegraph  lines,  construction, 
maintenance,  and  repair  of. 

Miscellaneous  Objects. 

Barracks,  purchase  of,  Ringgold, Texas ; 
buildings  at  headquarters  Department 
of  Columbia,  Fort  Snelling,  Minn.,  com- 
pletion of;  buildings  at  headquarters  De- 
partment of  Texas,  San  Antonio,  con- 
struction of;  charts  of  lake  survey  for 
use  of  navigators,  printing  of;  field-work 
of  lake  survey,  reduction  of;  final  report 
of  lake  survey,  preparation  and  publica- 


ANALYSIS   OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 


33 


tion  of;  forts,  construction  of;  military 
posts,  construction  of;  military  roadways, 
construction  of;  military  surveys  and 
reconnoissances  west  of  the  Mississippi 
River  ;  quarters,  construction  and  repair 
of;  reports  and  maps,  transportation  of 
to  foreign  countries,  through  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  ;  survey  of  the  north- 
ern and  northwestern  lakes  ;  tests  of  iron 
and  steel ;  water-level  observations,  con- 
tinuance of  in  lake  survey. 

Mississippi  River  Commission  :  salaries 
and  other  expenses  ;  surveys  and  exami- 
nations. 

National  Cemeteries :  superintendents, 
pay  of. 

Printing  and  binding  catalogue  of  the 
library  of  the  Surgeon-General's  office. 

Records  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion, 
Union  and  Confederate  :  clerks  and  other 
employes  engaged  upon  the,  compensa- 
tion of;  Confederate  records,  collection 
of;  fuel;  incidental  expenses;  prepara- 
tion for  the  publication,  printing,  and 
binding  of  10,000  copies  of;  rent  of  offices : 
stationery. 

Repair  of  water-pipes  and  fire-plugs : 
apparatus  to  clean  water-pipes ;  pipes, 
supply  of  from  springs  to  the  Capitol, 
Executive  Mansion,  and  State,  War,  and 
Navy  Departments,  repairing  and  renew- 
ing of;  springs,  cleaning  of;  telegraph 
to  connect  the  Capitol  with  the  Depart- 
ments and  the  Government  Printing-Of- 
fice,  repair  and  care  of;  water-pipes,  re- 
pairing and  extending. 

Signal  Service :  books,  newspapers,  and 
periodicals  ;  incidental  expenses  ;  instru- 
ments, meteorological  and  other,  purchase 
and  repair  of;  instrument  shelters  ;  maps 
and  bulletins  ;  observation  and  report  of 
storms ;  offices  in  cities  and  ports,  ex- 
penses of;  river  reports;  signal-stations 
at  life-saving  stations,  and  light-houses, 
establishment  of ;  stationery  ;  storm-sig- 
nals, expenses  of  announcing  approach 
of  storms. 

Support  and  improvement  of  the  Leav- 
enworth  Military  prison,  Fort  Leaven- 
worth,  Kansas:  belting  for  machinery; 
blank-books  ;  clerks  in  office  of  quarter- 
master, pay  of;  clothing,  material  for; 
discharge  of  prisoners,  payment  of  $5 
upon  each ;  disinfectants ;  drainage  of 
grounds  ;  engineers,  pay  of;  extra-duty 
pay;  foremen,  pay  of;  fuel;  hats,  ma- 
terial for ;  hay  for  beds ;  hose ;  ma- 
chinery, cleaning  and  repairing;  mate- 
rials for  repair-shop  ;  mechanics,  pay  of; 
medical  supplies,  purchase  of;  oil ;  of- 
ficers' quarters,  repairs  of;  paving  bricks  ; 
prison  buildings,  repairs  of;  pursuing 


escaped  prisoners  :  rewards  for  apprehen- 
sion of  escaped  prisoners ;  running  ma- 
chinery ;  shops,  repairs  and  extension  of; 
stationery  ;  stores  miscellaneous  ;  stoves 
and  stove-pipe  ;  subsistence  stores ;  team- 
sters, pay  of;  tobacco  for  prisoners  ; 
tools;  watchmen,  pay  of ;  wicking. 

Support  of  National  Home  for  Disabled 
Volunteer  Soldiers :  barracks  and  other 
construction  purposes ;  central  branch, 
support  of;  clothing  ;  construction  and  re- 
pairs ;  current  expenses  ;  eastern  branch, 
support  of;  incidental  expenses;  north- 
western branch,  support  of;  out-door  re- 
lief; southern  branch,  support  of. 

Support  of  transient  paupers:  care, 
support,  and  medical  treatment  of  75 
transient  paupers,  medical  and  surgical 
patients,  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

United  States  Artillery  School,  Fortress 
Monroe,  Virginia :  drawing  materials  ; 
materials  necessary  in  the  science  of  en- 
gineering and  artillery  ;  models  ;  miscel- 
laneous expenses;  stationery;  text-books. 

Washington  Monument,  continuing 
work  upon. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 

Clothing  and  bedding,  pay  to  officers 
and  others  in  the  navy  and  marine  corps, 
for  quantity  destroyed  to  prevent  spread 
of  disease  ;  construction  and  repair  of  ma- 
rine barracks. 

Navy-yards  and  stations  :  repairs  and 
preservation,  improvements,  dry-docks, 
construction  of  buildings,  etc.,  in  the 
different  navy-yards. 

STATE   DEPARTMENT. 

Consular  and  commercial  reports,  and 
circular  letters  to  chambers  of  commerce, 
printing  and  distributing  of;  clerical  hire 
for  the  collection,  analyzing,  publication, 
and  distribution  of  commercial  informa- 
tion ;  International  Bureau  of  Weights 
and  Measures,  contribution  to  mainte- 
nance of. 

INTERIOR   DEPARTMENT. 

Botanic  Garden  :  night  watchman,  pay 
of;  repairs  and  improvements  to  build- 
ings and  walks. 

Bureau  of  Education  :  distribution  and 
exchange  of  educational  documents ;  ed- 
ucational apparatus  and  appliances,  col- 
lection, exchange,  cataloguing,  and  caring 
for. 

Census :  enumeration  and  compilation 
of  the  census. 

Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb:  books;  gymnasium,  erection  and 


34 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


fitting  up  of;  improvement  and  inclosure 
of  the  grounds  ;  illustrative  apparatus  ; 
incidental  expenses  ;  repairs  ;  salaries. 

Court  of  Claims :  law  books,  purchase 
of;  rent  of  rooms  in  Freedman's  Bank 
building. 

Entomological  Commission :  Rocky 
Mountain  locust,  grasshopper,  and  cotton 
worm,  investigation  of. 

Ethnological  researches  among  the 
North  American  Indians,  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Freedmen's  Hospital  and  Asylum  :  bed- 
ding ;  clothing ;  forage ;  fuel  and  light ;  fur- 
niture ;  medicines  and  medical  supplies ; 
rent ;  repairs  ;  salaries  ;  subsistence. 

Geological  Survey :  classification  of 
public  lands;  director,  salary  of;  exami- 
nation of  the  geological  structure,  mineral 
resources,  and  products  of  the  national 
domain  ;  expenses  of  the  geological  sur- 
vey ;  office-work  of  the  United  States  geo- 
logical and  geographical  survey  of  the 
Territories. 

Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane : 
furnishing  and  fitting  the  relief  building  ; 
insane  of  the  army,  navy,  marine  corps, 
and  revenue-cutter  service,  and  indigent 
insane  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  sup- 
port, clothing,  and  treatment  of;  repairs 
and  improvements. 

Howard  University  :  maintenance  of. 

Indian  Office  :  expenses  of  Indian  Com- 
missioners. 

Library  of  Congress :  furniture. 

National  Academy  of  Sciences :  com- 
mittee of  National  Academy  of  Sciences, 
expenses  incurred  in  scientific  survey  of 
the  Territories. 

National  Museum :  electrical  appa- 
ratus ;  fuel ;  furniture  and  fixtures  for 
the  reception,  care,  and  exhibition  of  the 
collections  ;  gas-fixtures;  relieving  sewer, 
construction  of ;  steam-heating  apparatus  ; 
water. 

Patent  Office  Building:  heating  appa- 
ratus, replacing  of;  model -cases,  fire- 
proof; repairs  of  the  building;  sewer- 
and  drain-pipes,  replacing  of;  water- 
closets,  renewing  of. 

Public  Buildings:  Capitol  extension, 
passenger-elevator;  Capitol,  work  on  and 
general  repairs  ;  fire-extinguishers;  gas; 
gasfitters,  pay  of;  improving  Capitol 
grounds ;  lamps  and  pipes,  repairs  of; 
lamp-lighters,  pay  of;  lighting  Capitol  and 
grounds,  Botanic  Garden  and  Senate 
stable ;  material  for  electrical  battery ; 
percentages  on  contracts  for  paving  road- 
ways about  Capitol  grounds,  payment  of 
retained;  repairs  of  court-house.  District 
of  Columbia,  and  for  new  furnaces  ;  su- 


perintendent of  meters,  pay  of;  testing 
quality  of  gas  used  by  the  Government, 
governors,  and  appliances. 

Public  Lands :  expenses  of  the  collec- 
tion of  the  revenue  from  sales  of  public 
lands  ;  depositing  money  ;  incidental  ex- 
penses of  the  land-offices ;  protecting 
timber ;  salaries  and  commissions  of  re- 
ceivers of  public  moneys  and  registers  of 
the  land-offices  ;  swamp  lands,  settlement 
of  claims  for. 

Surveying  of  the  Public  Lands :  ap- 
praisement and  sale  of  Fort  Dalles  mili- 
tary reservation  ;  official  plats  defaced, 
reproduction  of;  preliminary  survey  of 
unconfirmed  and  confirmed  private  land 
claims  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona ;  sur- 
veying private  land  claims  :  Yellowstone 
national  park,  protection,  preservation, 
and  improvement  of. 

Offices  of  Surveyors-General  of  Public 
Lands  :  contingent  expenses,  namely,  for 
books,  fuel,  messengers'  pay,  replacing 
furniture,  rent,  stationery r  etc.,  in  Ari- 
zona, California.  Colorado,  Dakota,  Flor- 
ida, Idaho,  Minnesota,  Montana,  Ne- 
braska, Nevada,  New  Mexico,  Oregon, 
Utah,  Washington,  and  Wyoming. 

Smithsonian  Institution:  preservation 
of  collections. 

DEPARTMENT   OF   JUSTICE, 

Books,  law,  purchase  of  for  library, 
Wyoming  Territory  ;  detection  and  pros- 
ecution of  crimes  against  the  United 
States ;  detecting  and  punishing  viola- 
tions of  the  intercourse  acts  of  Congress 
and  frauds  in  the  Indian  service  ;  investi- 
gation of  official  acts,  records,  and  ac- 
counts ;  jurors  and  marshals,  fees  and 
compensation  of;  suits,  defending  in  the 
court  of  claims  ;  Supreme  Court  reports 
and  statutes  at  large  for  United  States 
courts  at  Deadwood,  Dakota  Territory  ; 
witnesses,  fees  and  compensation  of. 

Judicial,  Expenses  of  United  States 
Courts:  bailiffs,  expenses  of;  circuit 
courts  ;  clerks  and  United  States  commis- 
sioners, fees  of;  courts  of  the  District  of 
Columbia ;  district  attorneys  and  their 
assistants  ;  district  courts  ;  furniture  and 
repairs  of  United  States  court-house,  Co- 
lumbia, S.  C.  ;  jurors  and  witnesses; 
marshals  and  their  general  deputies,  ex- 
cept for  services  of  deputies  rendered  at 
elections  ;  miscellaneous  expenses  ;  pris- 
oners of  the  United  States,  support  of; 
prosecution  of  offenses  against  the  United 
States ;  rent  of  United  States  court-rooms  ; 
rights  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to 
vote  in  the  several  States,  enforcement 
of;  safe-keeping  of  prisoners;  suits  in 


ANALYSIS   OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 


35 


which  the  United  States  are  concerned, 
expenses  of;  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  Expenses  of  territorial  courts  in 
Utah :  clerks  of  the  courts  and  commis- 
sioners of  the  United  States,  fees  and  per 
diem  of;  contingent  expenses;  district 
attorney  of  the  United  States  and  his  as- 
sistants, compensation  of;  guards,  hiring 
and  subsistence  of;  prisoners,  arresting, 
guarding,  and  transportation  of;  marshal, 
fees  and  per  diem  of;  subpoenaing  wit- 
nesses; summoning  jurors;  supplying 
and  caring  for  the  penitentiary.  Support 
of  convicts  :  support  and  maintenance  of 
convicts  transferred  from  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  from  other  districts,  and 
for  the  collection  of  criminal  statistics. 

PUBLIC  PRINTING  AND  BINDING. 

Lithographing,  mapping  and  engraving 
for  both  houses  of  Congress,  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  the 
Court  of  Claims,  the  Librai-y  of  Congress, 
and  the  Executive  Departments ;  lot  of 
land  adjoining  the  Government  Printing- 
Office,  purchase  of;  paper  for  the  public 
printing;  printing  the  debates  and  pro- 
ceedings of  Congress  in  the  Congressional 
Record  ;  public  printing  and  binding. 

SENATE. 

Heating  apparatus  of  the  Senate,  im- 
proving and  repairing ;  register  in  floor 
and  gallery,  putting  in ;  sky-lights  in 
roof  and  ceiling,  putting  in;  vacuum 
pump. 

HOUSE  OF   REPRESENTATIVES. 

Claims  recommended  by  the  Committee 
on  Accounts  for  services  of  occasional 
employes ;  contested  election  cases,  pay- 
ment of  expenses  incurred  by  contestants ; 
deceased  members,  payments  to  widows 
of;  pipe-cutting,  machine  and  other  tools, 
purchase  of ;  reports  of  the  Commissioners 
of  Claims,  preparation  for  the  public 
printer;  services  of  occasional  employes, 
payment  of;  William  Hincks,  deceased, 
reporter,  payment  of  $5000  to  his  sister ; 
works  of  art  for  the  Library  of  Congress, 
purchase  of. 

GENERAL  MISCELLANEOUS. 

Burial  of  surfmen  in  Life-Saving  Ser- 
vice who  perished  in  assisting  distressed 
vessels;  Charles  II.  Evans,  to  pay  for  a 
book  prepared  by  him  ;  index  to  official 
reports  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition ; 
R.  II.  Carter,  deceased,  Inspector  of  Cus- 


toms on  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  removal 
of  his  remains  to  his  late  home  in  Vir- 
ginia ;  services  of  expert  for  Committee 
of  Public  Expenditures. 

SUPPORT  OF  THE  ARMY  BILL. 

Adjutant-General's  Department:  con- 
tingent expenses  at  headquarters  of  mili- 
tary divisions  and  departments ;  com- 
manding general's  office,  expenses  of; 
recruiting  and  transportation  of  recruits  ; 
Signal  Service,  purchase,  equipment,  and 
repair  of  electric  field-telegraphs,  and 
signal  equipments  and  stores. 

Pay  Department:  pay  of  the  army; 
commissioned  officers;  acting  assistant 
commissaries  of  subsistence,  additional 
to,  180  ;  adjutants,  40  ;  adjutant  engineer 
battalion,  additional  to ;  aides-de-camp, 
additional  to,  35  ;  brigadier-generals,  15  ; 
captains,  mounted,  312;  captains,  not 
mounted,  306 ;  chaplains,  34 ;  colonels, 
70  ;  first  lieutenants,  mounted,  202  ;  first 
lieutenants,  not  mounted,  360 ;  general, 
1  ;  lieutenant-colonels,  85 ;  lieutenant- 
general,  1  ;  major-generals,  3  ;  majors, 
243 ;  quartermasters,  regimental,  40 ; 
quartermaster  engineer  battalion,  addi- 
tional to  ;  second  lieutenants,  mounted, 
146 ;  second  lieutenants,  not  mounted, 
305;  storekeepers,  21. 

Enlisted  men,  etc. :  allowances,  cloth- 
ing not  drawn  payable  to  enlisted  men 
on  discharge  ;  retained  pay  ;  travel ;  en- 
listed men,  25,000 ;  enlisted  men  of  Sig- 
nal Corps,  450  ;  examiner  of  State  claims 
in  the  office  of  Secretary  of  War,  addi- 
tional pay  to ;  mileage  of  officers  of  the 
army;  officer  in  charge  of  public  build- 
ings and  grounds,  Washington,  D.  C., 
additional  to ;  officers  of  foot  regiments 
while  on  duty  requiring  them  to  be 
mounted,  additional  pay  to;  officers  re- 
tired, 400;  ordnance  sergeant  retired,  1. 

Miscellaneous  expenses  :  citizen  clerks 
and  witnesses  attending  upon  military 
courts,  etc.  ;  commutation  of  quarters  of 
officers  on  duty  where  there  are  no  public 
quarters;  contract-surgeons,  hire  of ;  ex- 
tra-duty pay  to  enlisted  men  serving  in 
hospitals;  hospital  matrons,  200;  officers 
in  service  in  excess  of  number  for  each 
class,  provided  for  in  the  bill,  pay  of; 
paymasters'  clerks,  pay  of,  54  ;  paymas- 
ters' messengers,  hire  of:  telegrams  re- 
ceived and  sent  by  officers  of  the  army, 
cost  of;  travel  of  paymasters'  clerks. 

Subsistence  Department:  subsistence 
of  civilian  employes,  1875;  contract- 
suriroons,  125;  enlisted  men,  25,000;  en- 
listed men  of  the  Signal  Service ;  half- 


36 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


rations  for  sergeants  and  corporals  of 
ordnance,  additional  to,  120;  hospital 
matrons,  200  ;  laundresses  ;  military  con- 
victs, 110;  prisoners  of  war  (Indians), 
500  ;  rations,  at  20  cents  each,  10,755,820  ; 
rations,  difference  between  cost  of  and 
commutation  therefor  to  detailed  men, 
enlisted  men,  and  recruits  at  recruiting 
stations ;  subsistence  stores  for  Indians 
visiting  military  posts,  Indians  employed 
without  pay,  scouts,  and  guides. 

Quartermaster's  Department:  regular 
supplies ;  blank-books  for  quartermas- 
ter's department ;  blank  forms  for  pay 
and  quartermaster's  departments;  boats 
and  carts,  purchase  of;  certificates  for 
discharging  soldiers ;  clerks  to  officers 
of  quartermaster's  department,  compen- 
sation of;  clothing,  camp  and  garrison 
equipage,  purchase,  manufacture,  and 
transportation  of;  contingent  expenses 
not  otherwise  provided  for ;  deserters, 
apprehension,  securing,  and  delivery  of, 
and  expenses  incident  thereto  ;  drayage 
and  cartage  at  the  several  posts ;  drays, 
purchase  and  repair  of;  escorts  to  pay- 
masters and  other  disbursing  officers,  and 
to  trains ;  expresses  to  and  from  frontier 
posts  and  armies  in  the  field ;  extra  pay 
to  soldiers  employed  in  the  erection  of 
barracks,  hospitals,  quarters,  and  store- 
houses, construction  of  roads,  and  other 
constant  labor  in  periods  not  less  than  ten 
days,  and  as  clerks  at  division  and  depart- 
ment headquarters,  and  Signal  Service  ser- 
geants ;  forage  in  kind  for  horses,  mules, 
and  oxen  of  the  quartermaster's  depart- 
ment, at  posts  and  stations,  and  armies 
in  the  field ;  forage  for  horses  of  the  cav- 
alry, artillery,  mounted  men  of  the  Signal 
Service,  infantry  companies  mounted,  and 
scouts,  and  for  officers'  horses,  including 
bedding  ;  forage  and  wagon-masters,  com- 
pensation of;  fuel,  for  enlisted  men, 
guards,  hospitals,  officers,  and  store- 
houses;  freights,  wharfage,  tolls,  and 
ferriages  ;  funds,  transportation  of;  fur- 
niture for  offices  ;  grounds  for  camp  and 
,  summer  cantonments  and  temporary  fron- 
tier stations  :  guides,  hire  of;  harbors,  re- 
moving obstructions  from  ;  harness,  pur- 
chase of;  horses  for  cavalry,  artillery, 
Indian  scouts,  etc.,  purchase  of;  horses, 
mules,  and  oxen,  purchase  and  hire  of; 
horse  equipments  and  subsistence  stores ; 
hospitals,  construction  and  repair  of; 
huts  and  stables,  temporary,  construction 
, of;  interment  of  officers  and  soldiers 
killed  in  action  or  who  died  when  on 
duty  in  the  field,  at  posts  on  the  frontiers, 
or  when  travelling  on  orders ;  interpreters, 
hire  of;  labor  in  quartermaster's  depart- 


ment, hire  of;  medicine  for  horses  and 
mules;  offices,  hire  of;  ordnance  and 
ordnance  stores,  transportation  of;  picket- 
ropes,  purchase  of;  postage  and  telegrams, 
cost  of;  preserving  and  repacking  cloth- 
ing, etc.,  at  Philadelphia,  Jeffersonville, 
and  other  depots ;  printing  division  and 
department  orders  and  reports  ;  quarters 
for  troops,  hire  of;  repairing  public 
building  at  posts ;  rivers  and  roads,  re- 
moving obstructions  from  ;  roads,  clear- 
ing of;  ships,  purchase  and  repair  of; 
shoeing  horses  and  mules;  small-arms; 
spies,  hire  of ;  stationery ;  straw  for  sol- 
diers' bedding;  store-houses,  hire  of; 
teamsters,  hire  of;  transportation  of  the 
army  and  baggage  of  the  troops ;  trans- 
ports, public,  expenses  of,  sailing  on  the 
rivers,  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Pacific  Ocean  ; 
vessels,  sea-going,  purchase  and  repair 
of;  veterinary  surgeons,  hire  of;  wagons, 
purchase  and  repair  of;  water,  procuring 
of  at  posts  where  it  must  be  brought  from 
a  distance. 

Medical  Department :  advertising ; 
Army  Medical  Museum,  medical  and 
other  works  for;  library  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral's office,  medical  and  other  works  for  ; 
medical  and  hospital  supplies ;  medical 
care  and  treatment  of  officers  and  soldiers 
on  detached  duty ;  miscellaneous  ex- 
penses ;  purveyors'  depots,  expenses  of. 

Engineers'  Department:  chemicals; 
engineering  materials  for  a  course  of  in- 
struction to  engineer  battalion  at  En- 
gineer Depot,  Willet's  Point,  New  York  ; 
extra-duty  pay  to  soldiers  engaged  in 
skilled  labor,  namely,  lithographing,  pho- 
tographing, printing,  or  wheelwright 
work  ;  forage  ;  fuel ;  incidental  expenses 
at  Willet's  Point  Depot ;  remodelling  pon- 
toon trains  ;  repairing  instruments  ;  re- 
pairs ;  stationery. 

Ordnance  Department:  animals,  for- 
age, and  vehicles ;  armaments  of  forts 
being  modified  or  repaired,  removing  of; 
arms,  manufacture  of  at  national  arse- 
nals, caring  for,  preserving,  and  oper- 
ating ;  arsenals,  expenses  at ;  equip- 
ments for  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery, 
namely,  canteens,  clothing-bags,  great- 
coat straps,  haversacks,  horse  equipments, 
and  repairs  of;  extra-duty  pay  for  en- 
listed men  of  ordnance  service ;  fuel  and 
lights  ;  guns,  mounting  and  dismounting  ; 
incidental  expenses ;  issuing  arms  and 
other  ordnance  supplies  ;  metallic  ammu- 
nition for  small-arms ;  ordnance  and  ord- 
nance stores,  repairing  of;  ordnance 
stores,  purchase  and  manufacture  of; 
ordnance  stores,  new,  at  the  arsenals, 
overhauling,  cleaning,  and  preserving ; 


ANALYSIS   OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 


37 


police  and  other  duties;  Powder  depot, 
building  necessary,  grading  grounds, 
erecting  magazines;  receiving  stores, 
expenses  of;  stationery  and  office  furni- 
ture; tools  and  instruments;  workmen 
attending  practical  trials  and  tests  of 
ordnance,  small-arms,  etc. ;  workmen  in 
armory  and  museum  building,  compensa- 
tion of. 

NAVAL   SERVICE  BILL. 

Pay  of  the  navy,  active  list :  admiral, 

I  ;  admiral,  vice-,  1  ;  admirals,  rear-,  12 ; 
assistant  engineers,  43  ;  assistant  naval 
constructors,    5 ;    assistant    paymasters, 
20  ;  assistant   surgeons,  27  ;  cadet-engi- 
neers, 98  ;  cadet-engineers,  at  sea,  addi- 
tional  to,  40  ;    cadet-midshipmen,  254  ; 
cadet-midshipmen,  at  sea,  additional  to, 
78  ;  captains,   50  ;  chaplains,  24  ;  chief 
engineers,  69  ;   chiefs  of  bureaus   (com- 
modores), 8  ;    civil  engineers,   10  ;  com- 
manders, 90;  commodores,  25 ;  ensigns, 
100  ;    lieutenant-commanders,   80  ;    lieu- 
tenants, 280  ;  masters,    100  ;  mates,  42  ; 
medical  directors,  15  ;  medical  inspectors, 
14;  midshipmen,  45  ;  naval  constructors, 
10 ;  passed  assistant  engineers,  96 ;  passed 
assistant  paymasters,  30  ;  passed  assist- 
ant surgeons,  64  ;  pay-directors.  12  ;  pay- 
inspectors,  13  ;  paymasters,  50 ;    profes- 
sors of  mathematics,   12  ;  surgeons,  50  ; 
warrant-officers,  205. 

Retired  list :  admirals,  rear-.  40  ;  as- 
sistant engineers,  25  ;  assistant  paymas- 
ters, 2  ;  assistant  surgeons.  8 ;  boatswains, 
9  ;  captains,  16 ;  carpenters,  13  ;  chap- 
lains, 7  ;  chief  engineers,  7  ;  commanders, 
11 ;  commodores,  21 ;  ensigns,  5  ;  gunners, 
5;  lieutenant-commanders,  14;  lieuten- 
ants, 7 ;  masters,  13  ;  medical  directors, 
19 ;  medical  inspector,  1  ;  midshipmen, 
2 ;  naval  constructors,  3  ;  passed  assist- 
ant engineers,  18  ;  passed  assistant  pay- 
masters, 2  ;  passed  assistant  surgeons,  4  ; 
pay-directors,  5  ;  pay-inspector,  1 ;  pay- 
master-generals, 2 ;  paymasters,  3  ;  pro- 
fessors of  mathematics,  6  ;  sailmakers, 

II  ;  surgeon-generals,  3;  surgeons,  2. 
Pay  of — boys  ;    clerks  at  navy-yards  ; 

clerks  at  inspections  ;  clerks  at  stations  ; 
clerks  to  fleet  paymasters  ;  clerks  to  pay- 
masters to  vessels  ;  exchange  and  mile- 
age ;  extra  pay  to  men  enlisted  under 
honorable  discharge;  increase  of  pay 
arising  from  different  duties  ;  landsmen  ; 
men  in  Coast  Survey  Service  ;  men  in  en- 
gineer's force ;  officers  in  service,  active 
or  retired,  in  excess  of  the  number  pro- 
vided for  in  the  bill ;  ordinary  seamen  ; 
petty  officers  ;  seamen  ;  secretaries  to  the 
admiral  and  vice-admiral. 


Contingent  expenses  of  the  navy : 
boards,  examining;  boards  of  investiga- 
tion ;  care  and  transportation  of  the 
dead  ;  clerks  and  witnesses,  fees  of  at 
investigations  ;  commissions  ;  copying  ; 
costs  of  suits ;  courts-martial  and  courts 
of  inquiry,  expenses  of ;  diplomas  and 
discharges  ;  expenses  of  emergencies  ;  ex- 
press fees ;  extraordinary  expenses  not  an- 
ticipated or  classified  ;  pilotage  ;  postage, 
foreign  ;  professional  investigation  and 
information  from  abroad ;  purchasing 
paymasters'  offices,  expenses  of,  namely, 
advertising,  clerks,  fuel,  furniture,  inci- 
dentals, newspapers,  and  stationery  ;  re- 
covery of  valuables  from  shipwreck  ;  relief 
of  vessels  in  distress  ;  rent  of  furniture 
and  offices  not  in  navy-yards ;  reports ; 
stationery  and  recording ;  telegraphing, 
foreign  and  domestic  ;  travelling  expenses 
and  costs  of  investigations  ;  wagons,  mail, 
express,  and  livery  ;  warrants. 

Bureau  of  Navigation  :  advertising  for 
proposals;  Amazon  and  Madeira  Rivers, 
preparing  and  publishing  the  surveys  of; 
books  for  library  ;  books  for  libraries  for 
ships  of  war  ;  bunting  and  other  material 
for  flags  ;  candles,  chimneys  and  wicks  ; 
care  of  building  and  other  labor  ;  chart 
paper  ;  charts,  drawing,  engraving,  print- 
ing, and  photolithographing,  civil  es- 
tablishment ;  compasses  on  board  ship, 
services  and  materials  in  correcting  ;  com- 
passes on  shore,  adjusting  and  testing  ; 
compass  fittings,  binnacles,  tripods,  and 
other  appendages  ;  contingent  expenses  ; 
correcting  old  plates  ;  drawing  materials  ; 
freight  of  navigation  materials  ;  fuel ; 
lanterns  and  lamps  and  their  appendages  ; 
leads  and  other  appliances  for  sounding  ; 
logs  and  other  appliances  for  measuring 
ships'  way  ;  making  and  repairing  flags  ; 
Mexican  coast  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  pre- 
paring and  publishing  surveys  of;  musi- 
cal instruments  and  music  for  vessels  of 
war  ;  nautical  and  astronomical  instru- 
ments: nautical  books,  maps  and  charts  ; 
office  furniture;  oil  for  ships  of  war; 
packing-boxes  and  materials  ;  pilotage 
and  towage  of  ships  of  war,  foreign  and 
local ;  postage  and  telegraphing  on  public 
business ;  repairs  of  nautical  instruments ; 
sailing  directions  ajid  other  hydrographic 
information,  preparing  and  publishing  ; 
signals  and  apparatus,  drawings  and 
engravings  for  signal-books,  lanterns, 
rockets,  running-lights,  and  signal-lights; 
soap ;  speaking-tubes  and  gongs  for  sig- 
nal communication  ;  stationery;  steering- 
lights  and  indicators  ;  transportation  of 
navigators'  materials.  Naval  Observa- 
tory, expenses  of:  assistant  astronomers, 


38 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


pay  of;  astronomical  and  meteorological 
observations,  reducing  and  transcribing 
for  publication  ;  books  and  periodicals, 
professional,  for  library  ;  chemicals  for 
batteries  ;  clerk,  pay  of  one  ;  contingent 
expenses  ;  engraving  for  report  on  transit 
of  Mercury  ;  freight ;  freight  on  publica- 
tions through  Smithsonian  Institution, 
1880,  1881  ;  fuel,  light,  and  office  furni- 
ture;  instrument-maker,  wages  of;  keep- 
ing grounds  in  order ;  messenger,  wage 
of;  micrometer;  photographic  apparatus ; 
porter,  wages  of;  repairs  to  buildings 
and  inclosures  ;  solar  and  stellar  photog- 
raphy ;  stationery ;  watchmen,  wages  of. 
Nautical  Almanac,  expenses  of:  books, 
boxes,  computers  and  clerks,  pay  of;  ex- 
presses ;  fuel ;  labor ;  miscellaneous  items  ; 
rent ;  stationery  ;  tables  of  the  planets, 
improving  of. 

Bureau  of  Ordnance:  advertising; 
auctioneers'  fees ;  cartage  and  express 
charges  ;  civil  establishment ;  ferriage  ; 
freight  to  foreign  and  home  stations ; 
fuel,  tools,  and  materials  of  ordnance 
department  at  the  navy-yards,  maga- 
zines, and  stations;  gas-  and  water-pipes  ; 
gas-  and  water-tax  at  magazines;  labor 
at  all  navy-yards,  magazines,  and  sta- 
tions, in  fitting  ships  for  sea ;  postage, 
foreign  ;  repairs  to  fire-engines  ;  repairs 
to  ordnance  buildings,  boats,  gun-parks, 
lighters,  magazines,  machinery,  and 
wharves,  telegrams;  toll.  Torpedo  Corps: 
freight  and  express  charges  ;  instruction 
and  experiments  ;  labor  ;  materials  ;  re- 
pairs to  boats,  buildings,  grounds,  and 
wharves;  torpedo-boat  experiments  on 
the  "Alarm." 

Bureau  of  Equipment  and  Recruiting: 
bake-ovens  ;  boat-detaching  apparatus  ; 
canvas ;  civil  establishment ;  coal  for 
steamers'  and  ships'  use  and  expenses  of 
transportation  ;  cooking-stoves  ;  cordage  ; 
equipment  of  vessels  ;  furniture  ;  heating 
apparatus  for  receiving-ships;  hemp,  wire, 
and  other  materials  for  the  manufacture 
of  rope ;  hides  ;  hose  ;  iron  for  the  manu- 
facture of  anchors,  cables,  chains,  and  gal- 
leys ;  labor  in  equipping  vessels,  and  the 
manufacture  of  equipment  articles  in  the 
navy-yards;  leather;  life-rafts  for  moni- 
tors; storage  and  handling;  wood.  Con- 
tingent expenses  :  advertising;  apprehen- 
sion of  deserters  ;  assistance  to  vessels  in 
distress ;  books  and  models  ;  car-tickets  ; 
continuous-service  tickets  and  good-con- 
duct badges  for  enlisted  men  ;  express 
charges;  extra  expenses  of  training-ships; 
ferriage  ;  freight  and  transportation  of 
equipment  stores;  ice:  internal  altera- 
tions, fixtures  and  appliances  in  equip- 


ment buildings  at  the  navy-yards  ;  post- 
age, foreign;  printing;  recruiting  and 
fitting  up  receiving-ships  ;  school-books 
for  training-ships,  and  extra  medals  for 
boys  ;  stationery  ;  telegraphing ;  trans- 
portation of  enlisted  men  and  boys. 

Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks :  attend- 
ance on  fires  ;  awnings  ;  books,  drawings, 
maps,  and  models;  candles,  gas,  and  oil; 
care  of  buildings ;  carts,  driving-teams, 
fire-engines  and  apparatus,timber-wheels, 
and  tools,  purchase  and  repairs  of;  clean- 
ing up  yards ;  civil  establishment ;  con- 
tingent expenses  at  navy-yards  ;  dredg 
ing ;  freight  and  transportation  of  ma- 
terials and  stores  ;  fuel ;  furniture  for 
offices  and  houses  at  navy-yards ;  labor, 
clerical  and  incidental ;  lights  ;  machinery 
and  patent  rights  for  the  use  of;  oxen  and 
horses,  purchase  and  maintenance  of; 
packing-boxes :  postage  ;  steam  fire-en- 
gines, repairs  and  attendance  on  ;  watch- 
men in  navy -yards,  pay  of;  water-tax, 
ferriages  and  toll.  Naval  Asylum,  Phila- 
delphia. Pa.,  payable  out  of  income  from, 
the  naval  pension  fund :  cai*-tickets ; 
cemetery  and  burial  expenses;  digging 
graves  ;  furnaces ;  furniture  and  repairs 
of;  grates;  headstones;  ice;  improve- 
ment of  grounds  ;  painting  ;  pay  of  super- 
intendent and  other  employes;  ranges, 
repairs  and  preservation  ;  support  of 
beneficiaries  ;  water-rent  and  gas. 

Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery :  ad- 
vertising ;  books ;  cows,  purchase  and 
feed  of -/freight  on  medical  stores;  gar- 
den tools  ;  horses,  purchase  and  feed  of; 
maintenance  of  naval  hospitals  at  An- 
napolis, Md.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Chelsea, 
Mass.,  Mare  Island,  Cal.,  Pensacola,  Fla., 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Portsmouth,  N.  H., 
Norfolk,  Va,,  Washington,  D.C.,  and 
Yokohama,  Japan  ;  maintenance  of  the 
civil  establishments  at  the  naval  hospitals, 
the  naval  laboratory,  navy-yards,  and 
the  Naval  Academy ;  medical  board  of 
examiners,  expenses  of;  repairs  of  naval 
laboratory,  naval  hospitals  and  append- 
ages, including  cemeteries,  farms,  fences, 
gardens,  outhouses,  roads,  sidewalks,  and 
wharves ;  seeds ;  surgeons'  necessaries 
for  vessels,  navy-yards,  naval  stations, 
Marine  Corps,  and  Coast  Survey;  tele- 
graphing; transportation  of  insane  pa- 
tients to  the  Government  hospital;  trees; 
wagons  and  harness,  purchase  and  re- 
pair of. 

Bureau  of  Provisions  and  Clothing  . 
civil  establishment ;  commuted  rations 
for  officers,  seamen,  and  marines  ;  hand- 
ling and  transportation  of  provisions; 
nspections  and  store-houses,  expenses  of; 


ANALYSIS   OF  APPROPRIATION  SILLS. 


39 


provisions  for  seamen  and  marines  ;  pro- 
visions and  commutation  of  rations  for 
750  boys  ;  water  for  ships,  purchase  of. 
Contingent  expenses  :  advertising;  books 
and  blanks  ;  candles  ;  car-tickets  ;  com- 
missions on  sales  ;  express  charges  ;  fer- 
riages ;  freight  on  shipments,  except  pro- 
visions ;  fuel,  ice,  iron  safes,  newspapers  ; 
postage,  foreign  ;  stationery,  telegrams, 
toll,  and  yeomen's  stores. 

Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair  : 
advertising ;  care  and  protection  of  the 
navy  in  the  line  of  construction  and  re- 
pair ;  civil  establishment ;  labor  in  navy- 
yards  and  on  foreign  stations  ;  materials 
and  stores,  purchase  and  preservation  of  5 
postage,  foreign  ;  tools,  purchase  of;  ves- 
sels on  the  stocks  and  in  ordinary,  pres- 
ervation of;  vessels  afloat,  wear,  tear, 
and  repair  of. 

Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering  :  adver- 
tising ;  civil  establishment ;  freight ;  in- 
struments and  materials  for  drafting- 
room  ;  machinery  and  boilers  of  naval 
vessels,  wear,  tear,  and  repair  of;  ma- 
chinery and  boilers  in  vessels  on  the 
stocks  and  in  ordinary,  repairs  and  pres- 
ervation of;  machinery  and  tools  in  the 
navy-yards  and  stations,  purchase,  fitting, 
and  repair  of;  materials  and  stores,  pur- 
chase and  preservation  of;  postage,  for- 
eign ;  telegrams. 

Naval  Academy  :  apparatus  and  instru- 
ments, chemical,  gas  and  steam  machinery, 
purchase  and  repairs  of;  Board  of  Visi- 
tors, expenses  of ;  books  for  the  library, 
text  and  blank  ;  cartage  ;  chemicals ;  feed 
and  maintenance  of  teams ;  freight,  fuel, 
furniture,  and  fixtures ;  heating  and 
lighting  the  Academy  and  school-ships  ; 
improvements ;  labor,  incidental  and  other 
expenses  ;  materials  for  repairs  in  steam 
machinery  ;  models  and  maps  ;  music  and 
musical  and  astronomical  instruments ; 
pay  of  professors,  civil  officers,  and  em- 
ployes :  rent  of  building  ;  repairs  of  pub- 
lic buildings,  pavements,  walls,  and 
wharves  ;  stationery,  steam-pipe  fittings 
and  stores  in  the  department  of  steam 
engineering  ;  telegraphing  ;  uniforms  for 
the  bandsmen  ;  water. 

Marine  Corps  :  pay  of  officers  on  the 
active  list,  adjutant  and  inspector,  1 ; 
asvsistant  quartermasters,  2;  captains,  20; 
colonel,  1  ;  colonel-commandant,  1  ;  first 
lieutenants,  30  ;  lieutenant-colonels,  2 ; 
majors,  4  ;  paymaster,  1  ;  quartermaster, 
1 ;  second  lieutenants,  2.  Pay  of  officers 
on  the  retired  list,  assistant  quartermas- 
ter, 1 ;  brigadier-general,  1  ;  captains,  2 ; 
colonel,  1  •"  first  lieutenants,  2 ;  lieuten- 
ant-colonel,  1  ;  majors,  3  ;  second  lieu- 


tenants, 3.  Pay  of  non-commissioned 
officers,  musicians  and  privates,  corporals, 
180 ;  drum-major,  1  ;  drummers  and 
fifers,  96  ;  first  sergeants,  50  ;  leader  of 
the  band,  1  ;  musicians,  30 ;  privates, 
1500 ;  quartermaster-sergeant,  1  ;  ser- 
geant-major, 1  ;  sergeants,  140. 

Ammunition,  bayonet-scabbards,  bu- 
gles, canteens,  cartridge-boxes;  chief 
armorer,  pay  of  one  ;  clerks,  pay  of  ten  ; 
clothing ;  clothing  undrawn,  payments 
on  account  of,  to  discharged  soldiers; 
commutation  of  quarters  for  officers  where 
there  are  no  public  buildings;  drums, 
fifes,  flags,  forage  for  three  horses  ;  fuel, 
haversacks,  instruments  for  the  band  ; 
mechanics,  pay  of  three ;  messengers, 
pay  of  two  ;  music,  musket-slings ;  pro- 
visions ;  rent  of  offices  ;  repairs  of  bar- 
racks ;  Springfield  rifles  ;  swords  ;  trans- 
portation of  officers  and  troops.  Contin- 
gencies :  apprehension  of  deserters  ;  axes ; 
barrack  furniture ;  bedsacks,  brooms, 
brushes,  buckets,  bunks  ;  burial  of  de- 
ceased marines ;  candles,  carpenters' 
tools,  cartage,  cooking-stoves,  crash  ;  en- 
gine-hose ;  ferriage ;  fire-extinguishers, 
freight ;  furniture  for  officers'  quarters  : 
galleys,  purchase  and  repairs  of;  gas, 
gravel  for  parade  grounds ;  hand-carts 
and  wheelbarrows,  purchase  and  repairs 
of;  harness,  purchase  and  repairs  of; 
labor,  lumber  for  benches:  mess-tables, 
oil,  oil-cloth,  packing-boxes,  paving,  picks, 
ranges,  repairs  ;  repairs  of  fire-engine  ; 
repairs  of  gas-  and  water-fixtures  ;  repairs 
of  public  carryall  ;  rope,  shovels,  spades, 
stationery,  stoves,  telegraphing,  toll, 
twine,  water-rent,  wrapping-paper. 

INDIAN   SERVICE   BILL. 

Buildings  at  agencies  and  repairs  of; 
incidental  expenses  of  Indian  agents  and 
of  their  offices  ;  Indian  agents,  inspectors, 
and  interpreters,  pay  of;  Indian  agents 
and 'inspectors,  travelling  expenses  of; 
special  agents,  pav  of  two  ;  vaccine 
matter  and  vaccination  of  Indians. 

Treaties  with  Indian  tribes,  fulfilment 
of:  Apaches,  Kiowas,  and  Comanches, 
blacksmith,  carpenter,  engineer,  farmer, 
miller,  and  physician,  pay  of;  clothing; 
instalment,  payment  of. 

Cheyennesand  Arapahoes :  blacksmith, 
carpenter,  engineer,  farmer,  miller,  phy- 
sician, and  teacher,  pay  of;  clothing;  in- 
stalments, payment  of. 

Chickasaws  :  annuity  in  goods. 

Boise  Fort  band  of  Chippewas  :  assist- 
ant blacksmith,  blacksmith,  and  school- 
teacher, pay  of;  ammunition  ;  books  and 


40 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


stationery ;  instalment  in  money,  per 
capita ;  instalment  in  goods,  etc. ;  in- 
struction in  farming  ;  iron  and  steel  for 
blacksmith-shop  ;  provisions,  seeds,  tools, 
etc.  ;  tobacco. 

Chippewas  of  the  Mississippi :  annuity 
in  money  ;  gilling-twine  for  nets ;  schools, 
support  of. 

Chippewas,  Pillagers,  and  Lake  Winne- 
bagoshish  Bands  :  instalments  of  annuity 
in  goods,  for  education,  in  money,  and  for 
purposes  of  utility. 

Choctaws:  blacksmith,  supportof;  edu- 
cation, support  of;  interest  on  $390,257.92 
at  5  per  cent,  for  education,  support  of 
the  government,  etc. ;  iron  and  steel ; 
light-horsemen,  support  of. 

Creeks :  annuities  in  money ;  black- 
smith and  assistant ;  blacksmith-shop,  and 
iron,  steel,  and  tools  for ;  interest  on 
$200.000  at  5  per  cent,  for  education  ;  in- 
terest on  $675,168  at  5  per  cent.,  to  be  ex- 
pended under  the  direction  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  ;  wheelwright. 

Crows  :  blacksmiths  (two)  :  carpenter, 
engineer,  farmer,  miller,  physician,  and 
teacher,  pay  of;  books  and  stationery; 
clothing,  suits  for  600  males,  700  females, 
850  boys  and  350  girls  ;  flour  and  meat ; 
iron  and  steel. 

Flatheads  and  other  Confederated 
tribes:  instalment. 

lowas:  interest  on  $57,500  at  5  per 
cent,  for  education  or  other  beneficial 
purposes. 

Kansas :  interest  on  $200,000  at  5  per 
cent. 

Kickapoos:  interest  on  $93,581.09  at 
5  per  cent,  for  education  and  other  bene- 
ficial purposes ;  civilization,  settlement, 
and  support  of  Kickapoo  Indians  in  the 
Indian  Territory. 

Klainath  and  Modocs :  books  and  sta- 
tionery for  manual-labor  school ;  black- 
smith, carpenter,  farmer,  miller,  physi- 
cian, sawyer,  superintendent  of  farming, 
school-teachers  (two),  and  wagon-  and 
plough-maker,  salaries  and  subsistence  of; 
buildings  for  blacksmith-shop,  carpenter, 
wagon-  and  plough-maker,  flouring-  and 
saw-mills,  manual-labor  school  and  hos- 
pital ;  tools  and  materials  for  saw-  and 
flour-mills,  blacksmith,  carpenter,  and 
wagon-  and  plough-maker  shops,  purchase 

o£ 

Menomonees :  instalment,  last  of  fif- 
teen. 

Miamis  of  Kansas :  blacksmith  and 
assistant,  permanent  provision  for;  in- 
terest on  $22,884.81  at  5  per  cent,  for 
educational  purposes  ;  iron  and  steel  for 
blacksmith-shop  ;  miller,  provision  for. 


Miamis  of  Eel  River :  annuities  in 
goods  or  otherwise. 

Miamis  of  Indiana:  interest  on  $221,- 
057.86  at  5  per  cent. 

Molels  :  manual-labor  schools,  support 
of;  teachers,  pay  of;  subsistence  of  pupils. 

Navajoes :  clothing  and  subsistence ; 
teachers,  pay  of  two. 

Nez  Perces :  agricultural  implements 
and  tools  ;  assistant  teachers  (two),  car- 
penter, farmer,  matrons  of  boarding- 
schools  (two),  and  miller,  salaries  of; 
boarding  and  clothing  school-children  ; 
fencing  gardens  and  farms  for  schools ; 
furniture  for  boarding-houses  and  schools ; 
repairs  of  houses,  mills,  and  tools. 

Northern  Cheyerines  and  Arapahoes : 
blacksmith,  carpenter,  engineer,  farmer, 
miller,  physician,  and  teacher,  pay  of; 
clothing ;  instalment  for  the  purchase  of 
such  articles  as  may  be  proper. 

Omahas  :  instalment  in  money  or 
otherwise. 

Osages :  interest  on  $69,120,  and  on 
$300,000,  at  5  per  cent.,  in  money,  or 
such  articles  as  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior may  direct ;  also  interest  on  $1,- 
594,479.24  at  5  per  cent. 

Otoes  and  Missourians  :  instalment  in 
money. 

Pawnees :  annuity,  perpetual,  goods, 
etc. ;  blacksmiths  (two)  and  apprentices 
(two),  carpenter,  farmers  (two),  miller 
and  apprentice  (1  each),  physician,  shoe- 
maker, teachers  (two),  pay  of;  farming 
utensils  and  stock  ;  iron,  steel,  and  other 
articles  for  shops  ;  manual-labor  schools, 
support  of;  medicines  ;  repairs  of  grist- 
and  saw-mills. 

Poncas  :  clothing;  employes,  pay  of; 
instalment ;  instruction  in  the  arts  of 
civilization  ;  subsistence. 

Pottawattomies :  annuities  in  money  ; 
blacksmith  and  assistant,  pay  of:  interest 
on  $230,064.20  at  5  per  cent.  ;  iron  and 
steel  for  shops  ;  salt. 

Pottawattomies  of  Huron  :  annuity. 

Quapaws :  blacksmith  and  assistants  ; 
education  ;  iron  and  steel  ;  tools. 

Sacs  and  Foxes  of  the  Mississippi  :  an- 
nuity ;  interest  on  $200,000  and  $800,000 
at  5  per  cent. ;  medicine;  physician,  pay  of. 

Sacs  and  Foxes  of  the  Missouri:  in- 
terest on  $157,400  at  5  per  cent.  ;  school, 
support  of. 

Seminoles:  interest  on  $500,000  at  5 
per  cent.  ;  interest  on  $50,000  at  5  per 
cent,  for  support  of  schools  ;  interest  on 
$20,000  for  support  of  Seminole  govern- 
ment. 

Senecas  :  annuities  in  specie  ;  annuity 
for  blacksmith  and  miller,  as  a  national 


ANALYSIS   OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 


41 


fund  for  the  purchase  of  articles,  and  for 
improvements  in  agriculture  ;  blacksmith 
and  assistant ;  blacksmith-shop  ;  iron, 
steel  and  tools. 

Senecas  of  New  York  :  annuity ;  in- 
terest on  $118,050  at  5  per  cent. 

Shawnees:  annuities  for  educational 
purposes;  interest  on  $40,000  at  5  per 
cent,  for  educational  purposes. 

Shawnees  (Eastern)  :  annuity  in  spe- 
cie ;  blacksmith  and  assistant;  iron  and 
steel  ;  shops  and  tools. 

Shoshones,  Western,  Northwestern, 
and  Goship  Bands.  Western  bands  :  in- 
stalment for  such  articles  as  the  Presi- 
dent may  deem  suitable  to  their  wants. 
Northwestern  bands :  the  same.  Goship 
band :  the  same. 

Shoshones  and  Bannocks.  Shoshones  : 
blacksmiths  (two),  carpenter,  engineer, 
farmer,  miller,  physician,  and  teacher, 
pay  of :  clothes,  suits  for  males  over  14 
years  of  age,  and  suits  for  boys  and  girls 
under  14  and  12  years  of  age  respec- 
tively ;  calico,  domestics,  flannel,  and 
hose  for  females  over  12  years  of  age  ; 
instalment  for  purchase  of  such  articles 
as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  con- 
sider proper ;  iron,  steel,  and  other  ma- 
terials for  shop.  Bannocks  :  blacksmith, 
carpenter,  engineer,  farmer,  miller,  phy- 
sician, and  teacher,  pay  of;  clothes,  suits 
for  males  over  14  years  of  age,  and  suits 
for  boys  and  girls  under  14  and  12  years 
of  age  respectively ;  calico,  domestics, 
flannel,  and  hose  for  females  over  12 
years  of  a<*e. 

Six  Nations  of  New  York :  annuity, 
permanent,  in  clothing  and  other  useful 
articles. 

Sioux  of  different  tribes :  blacksmiths 
(two),  carpenter,  employes,  engineer, 
farmer,  matron  at  Santee  agency,  miller, 
physician,  and  teachers  (five),  pay  of; 
clothing  for  males  over  14  years  of  age; 
calico,  domestics,  flannel,  and  hose  for 
females  over  12  years  of  age ;  cotton 
goods  and  flannel  for  suits  for  boys  and 
girls ;  industrial  schools  at  Santee  Sioux 
and  Crow  Creek  agencies ;  instalments 
for  purchase  of  such  articles  as  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior  may  consider  pro- 
per; iron,  steel,  and  other  materials  for 
shops ;  subsistence  of  the  Sioux  and  for 
purposes  of  their  civilization. 

Sioux,  Sisseton,  and  Wahpeton,  and 
Santee  Sioux  of  Lake  Traverse  and  Devil's 
Lake :  instalment  for  relinquishment  of 
lands. 

Sioux,  Yankton  tribe:  instalment; 
subsistence  and  civilization  of  2000  Yank- 
ton  Sioux. 


Snakes,  Wal-pah-pee  tribe :  instal- 
ment. 

Utahs,  Tabequache  band :  blacksmith, 
pay  of. 

tltes,  Tabequache,  Muache,  Capote, 
Weeminuche,  Yampa,  Grand  River,  and 
Mintah  bands :  blacksmith,  carpenters 
(two),  farmers  (two),  millers  (two),  teach- 
ers (two),  pay  of;  beans,  beef,  flour,  mut- 
ton, potatoes,  and  wheat,  purchase  of; 
blankets,  clothing,  and  other  articles ; 
iron,  steel,  and  tools  for  blacksmith-shop  ; 
pay  of  employes. 

Winnebagoes :  interest  on  $804,909.17 
at  5  per  cent,  for  their  support,  education, 
and  civilization  ;  interest  on  $78,340.41 
at  5  per  cent,  for  the  erection  of  nouses, 
purchase  of  agricultural  implements, 
seeds,  and  stock,  and  the  improvement  of 
their  allotments  of  land. 

Removal,  Settlement,   Subsistence,  and 
Support  of  Indians. 

Subsistence,  civilization,  and  pay  of 
employes  for  the  following  tribes  and 
bands  of  Indians :  Apaches,  Arapahoes, 
Cheyennes,  Kiowas,  and  Wichitas  on 
reservations.  Assinaboines  in  Montana. 
Blackfeet,  Bloods,  and  Piegans.  Chip- 
pewas  of  Red  Lake,  and  Pembina  tribe 
of  Chippewas.  Confederated  tribes  and 
bands  in  middle  Oregon.  D'Wamish  and 
other  allied  tribes  in  Washington  Terri- 
tory. Flatheads  and  other  confederated 
tribes.  Gros  Ventres  in  Montana.  Kan- 
sas Indians.  Makahs.  Modoc  Indians, 
Indian  Territory.  Nez  Perces,  Joseph's 
band,  Indian  Territory.  Qui-nai-elts  and 
Quil-leh-utes.  Shoshones,  Bannocks,  and 
Sheepeaters  (mixed).  S'Klallam  Indians. 
Tonkawa  Indians  at  Fort  Griffin,  Texas. 
Walla  Walla,  Cayuse,  and  Umatilla.  Ya- 
kainas. 

Apaches  and  other  Indians  on  reserva- 
tions in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  sub- 
sistence and  care  of.  Arickarees,  Gros 
Ventres,  and  Mandans,  care  and  support 
of  aged,  sick,  infirm,  and  orphans ;  civil- 
ization, comfort,  and  improvement;  edu- 
cating children ;  goods,  provisions,  and 
other  articles  ;  medicine  and  medical  at- 
tendance. Chippewas  of  Lake  Superior, 
agricultural  and  educational  purposes ; 
farmers  (two)  ;  goods  and  provisions ; 
pay  of  clerk  and  employes  ;  smith  and 
shop  ;  support  and  civilization.  Chippe- 
was on  White  Earth  reservation,  care  and 
support  of  Otter  Tail,  Pillager,  Pembina, 
and  Mississippi  Chippewas.  Central  Su 
perintendency,  education  and  civilization 
of  Indians  in,  for  clothing,  food,  and 


42 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


lodging  for  children  attending  school. 
Flathead  Indians  removed,  instalment 
to.  Fort  Peck  Agency,  care  and  support 
of  the  sick,  infirm,  and  orphans;  civiliza- 
tion, comfort,  and  improvement ;  educa- 
ting children;  goods,  provisions,  and 
useful  articles  ;  instruction  in  agricultural 
and  mechanical  pursuits  ;  medicine  and 
medical  attendance ;  pay  of  employes. 
'Industrial  schools  and  educational  pur- 
poses for  the  Indian  tribes.  Malheur 
reservation,  Oregon,  support  and  civili- 
zation of  Indians  on.  Southeastern  Idaho, 
assisting  roving  bands  in  to  move  to  Fort 
Hall  reservation,  in  Idaho,  and  assistance 
in  agricultural  and  educational  pursuits. 
Transportation  of  Indian  supplies. 

General  Incidental  Expenses  of  the  In- 
dian Service. 

Civilization  and  support  of  Indians,  in- 
cidental expenses,  and  pay  of  employes 
at  the  agencies  in  Arizona,  California, 
Colorado,  Dakota,  Idaho,  Montana,  Ne- 
vada, New  Mexico,  Oregon,  Utah,  Wash- 
ington, and  Wyoming. 

Miscellaneous :  advertising,  inspection, 
and  telegraphing ;  appropriation  of  spe- 
cific amounts  to  individuals  of  North 
Carolina  Cherokees  ;  clothing  for  Indians, 
additional,  and  not  appropriated  for  under 
treaties :  equipments  and  rations  for  In- 
dian police  ;  pay  of  Indian  police  ;  refund 
to  Sioux  tribes ;  salary  of  Ouray,  head 
chief  of  the  Ute  nation. 

Interest  on  Trust-Fund  Stocks. 

Trust-fund  interest  due  Cherokee  na- 
tional fund ;  Cherokee  school-fund ; 
Chickasaw  national  fund ;  Choctaw  gen- 
eral fund  ;  Creek  orphans  ;  Delaware 
general  fund  ;  lowas ;  Kaskaskias,  Peo- 
rias,  and  Piankeshaws ;  Kaskaskias, 
Woa,  Peoria,  and  Piankeshaw  school- 
fund  ;  Menoinonees ;  Ottawas  and  Chip- 
pewas. 

SUPPORT  OF   THE   MILITARY 
ACADEMY  BILL. 

Pay  of — adjutant  in  addition  to  pay  as 
first  lieutenant:  assistant  engineer  of 
heating  and  ventilating  apparatus ;  as- 
sistant instructors  of  tactics  (four)  in  ad- 
dition to  pay  of  second  lieutenants ;  as- 
sistant librarian ;  assistant  professors 
(eight)  in  addition  to  pay  of  first  lieu- 
tenants;  band;  cadets;  chapel-organist; 
clerk  to  adjutant;  clerk  to  disbursing 
officer  and  quartermaster  ;  clerk  to  treas- 
urer ;  commandant  of  cadets  in  addition 
to  pay  of  captain ;  engineer  of  heating 


and  ventilating  apparatus ;  firemen  (five) ; 
instructors  of  cavalry,  artillery,  and  in- 
fantry tactics  (three),  in  addition  to  pay 
of  first  lieutenants  ;  instructor  in  military 
engineering,  in  addition  to  pay  of  first 
lieutenant;  instructor  of  ordnance  and 
science  of  gunnery,  in  addition  to  pay  of 
first  lieutenant ;  laborers  ;  librarian  ;  mas- 
ter of  sword ;  mechanics  (citizens)  ;  pro- 
fessors ;  professors  for  length  of  service  ; 
teachers  of  music. 

Miscellaneous  and  contingent  expenses : 
bedding,  etc.,  for  candidates  prior  to  ad- 
mission ;  blank-books,  blanks,  blasting- 
powder  ;  Board  of  Visitors,  expenses  of; 
boards  ;  books,  magazines,  and  binding ; 
bricks,  brooms,  brushes  ;  candles,  cement, 
chalk,  cleaning  .public  buildings,  cloths, 
coal,  crayon ;  diplomas  for  graduates ; 
envelopes,  erasers;  fasteners  (paper), 
ferriages,  files,  fire-bricks,  fixtures  (gas), 
flagging,  folders  (paper),  fuel,  furnaces, 
furniture,  fuse;  gas-coal,  gas-lamps,  gas- 
ometers, gas-pipes,  gas-retorts,  glass, 
grates;  hair,  hinges;  ink,  iron;  joists; 
lamp-posts,  lanterns,  laths,  library,  ex- 
penses of;  lime,  locks  ;  mantels,  materials 
for  printing-office,  matches  and  wicking, 
mucilage,  nails,  oils,  pails,  paint,  paper, 
pencils,  plank,  plaster,  plumbing,  postage 
and  telegrams,  printing ;  quills;  ranges, 
registers,  repairs  and  improvements,  re- 
pairs of  steam-heating  apparatus,  rubbers; 
screws,  sewer-  and  drain-pipe,  sheet-lead, 
shingles,  slate,  soap,  sponge,  stationery, 
steel,  steel  pens,  stones ;  timber,  tin, 
tools,  transportation  of  materials  and 
cadets,  tubs,  turpentine,  type  ;  varnish  ; 
wafers,  wall-strips,  water-pipes,  wax, 
wood,  and  zinc. 

Department  of  instruction  in  mathe- 
matics: books,  text  and  reference;  re- 
pairs of  models  and  instruments  ;  sta- 
tionery. 

Department  of  artillery,  cavalry,  and 
infantry  tactics:  books  and  maps  ;  furni- 
ture ;  repairs  to  camp-stools,  camp  furni- 
ture, and  gymnasium  ;  stationery  ;  tan- 
bark  for  riding-hall,  etc. 

Department  of  civil  and  military  en- 
gineering :  books,  text  and  reference ; 
contingencies  ;  instruments  ;  maps,  mod- 
els ;  preparation  of  text-books  ;  stationery. 

Department  of  chemistry,  mineralogy, 
and  geology  :  alcohol ;  apparatus,  chem- 
ical, electric,  galvanic,  magnetic,  pneu- 
matic, and  thermic,  purchase  and  repairs 
of;  apparatus  for  illustrating  optical  prop- 
erties of  substances;  apparatus  for  illus- 
trating the  science  of  electricity  ;  blow- 
pipes, books,  text  and  reference  ;  cabinet, 
increase  of;  chemicals  :  fossils,  files  ;  glass 


ANALYSIS   OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 


43 


and  porcelain-ware;  lamps;  mechanics, 
pay  of;  models ;  ores,  pencils,  paper,  pho- 
tographic materials,  rough  specimens, 
sheet-metal,  stationery,  wire. 

Department  of  military  engineering: 
books,  text  and  reference ;  mining,  pro- 
filing, signaling,  and  telegraphing  mate- 
rials ;  repairs  of  instruments  ;  stationery. 

Department  of  French  and  English 
studies  :  books,  text  and  reference  ;  print- 
ing examination  papers  ;  stationery. 

Department  of  drawing:  articles  for 
topographical,  mechanical,  and  construc- 
tive drawing ;  brushes  and  tacks  ;  drawers 
for  maps  and  drawings  ;  repairs  of  desks, 
racks,  tables,  and  models ;  reflooring 
drawing  academy. 

Department  of  law :  books,  text  and 
reference  ;  stationery. 

Department  of  ordnance  and  gunnery : 
books,  text  and  reference ;  electric  bal- 
listic machines  ;  electric  batteries  ;  models 
and  drawings  illustrating  course  of  in- 
struction ;  repairs  of  instruments  and 
firing-houses ;  shed  for  protecting  field- 
batteries. 

Department  of  natural  and  experi- 
mental philosophy:  apparatus  to  illus- 
trate laws  in  mechanics,  optics,  and 
acoustics ;  books,  text  and  reference ; 
mechanic,  pay  of;  repairs  and  materials. 

Department  of  Spanish  :  books,  text ; 
stationery. 

Buildings  and  grounds:  addition  to 
cadet-barracks ;  breast  height  wall,  build- 
ing of;  hospital,  wing  of  new,  building 
of;  main  building,  completion  of;  repair- 
ing roads  and  paths ;  repairing  roof  of 
cadet-barracks. 

CONSULAR  AND  DIPLOMATIC 
BILL. 

Compensation  and  salaries  of  charges 
d'affaires,  clerks  to  legations,  commercial 
agents,  commissioners  to  negotiate  treaty 
with  China,  consular  clerks,  consuls,  con- 
suls-general, envoys  extraordinary  and 
ministers  plenipotentiary,  interpreter  to 
commissioners  to  negotiate  treaty  with 
China,  interpreters  to  legations,  marshals 
to  consular  courts  in  Japan,  China,  Siam, 
and  Turkey,  ministers  resident,  secretary 
to  commissioners  to  negotiate  treaty  with 
China,  secretaries  of  legations,  second 
secretaries  of  legations,  United  States 
and  Spanish  claims  commission  and  ex- 
penses of,  and  vice-consuls. 

Acknowledging  services  of  masters  and 
crews  of  foreign  vessels  in  rescuing  Amer- 
ican citizens  from  shipwreck  ;  Cape  Spar- 
tel  light,  coast  of  Morocco,  proportion  of 


expenses  of;  cemetery  (American)  at 
Smyrna,  providing  a  wall,  gates,  and 
improvements ;  clerks  at  consulates,  al- 
lowances for;  contingent  expenses  ot 
foreign  intercourse  ;  contingent  expenses 
of  consulates,  namely,  arms,  bookcases, 
flags,  freight,  porterage,  presses,  rent, 
seals,  and  stationery  ;  (expenses  of  com- 
missioners to  negotiate  treaty  with  China ; 
interpreters,  guards,  and  other  expenses 
at  consulates  at  Constantinople,  Smyrna, 
Cairo,  Jerusalem,  and  Beirut ;  losses  by 
exchange ;  neutrality  act,  expenses  at- 
tendant upon  the  execution  of;  persons 
charged  with  crime,  bringing  home  of  from 
foreign  countries;  relief  and  protection 
of  American  seamen  in  foreign  countries  ; 
rent  of  prisons  for  American  convicts  and 
wages  of  keepers,  in  China,  Japan,  Siam, 
and  Turkey ;  rent  of  buildings  for  lega- 
tion at  Peking,  China ;  rent  of  court- 
house and  jail  at  Yeddo ;  shipping  and 
discharge  of  seamen  at  Belfast,  Cardiff, 
Hamburg,  Liverpool,  and  London ;  wid- 
ows of  deceased  diplomatic  and  consular 
officers,  allowance  to  for  time  that  would 
be  necessary  in  making  the  transit  home. 

POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT  BILL. 

Office  of  Postmaster-General  :  adver- 
tising ;  fees  of  United  States  marshals, 
clerks  of  courts,  and  counsel ;  mail  dep- 
redations ;  miscellaneous  items ;  post- 
office  inspectors  ;  preparation  and  publi- 
cation of  post-route  maps,  etc. ;  travelling 
expenses  of  superintendent  of  railway 
mail  service  and  chief  of  post-office  in- 
spectors. 

Office  of  First  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General:  card-cancelling  machines;  clerks 
in  post-offices,  compensation  of;  fuel, 
furniture,  letter-balances,  light ;  letter- 
carriers,  payment  of :  marking  and  rating 
stamps ;  miscellaneous  expenses  ;  post- 
marking machines ;  postmasters,  com- 
pensation of;  rent:  scales,  stationery; 
test  weights ;  wrapping-paper  and  twine. 

Office  of  Second  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General  :  compensation  of  local  agents, 
mail  messengers,  mail-route  messengers, 
railway  post-office  clerks,  and  route 
agents  ;  mail-bags  and  mail-bag  catchers  ; 
mail-locks  and  keys  ;  transportation  on 
railroad  routes,  inland  by  steamboat 
routes,  inland  by  star  routes,  and  by 
postal  cars. 

Office  of  Third  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General  :  agent  and  assistants  to  dis- 
tribute postal  cards,  pay  of  and  expenses 
of  agency ;  agent  and  assistants  to  dis- 
tribute stamps,  pay  of  and  expenses  of 


44 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


agency ;  agent  and  assistants  to  distribute 
stamped  envelopes  and  newspaper  wrap- 
pers, pay  of  and  expenses  of  agency ; 
dead-letter  envelopes ;  engraving,  print- 
ing, and  binding  drafts  and  warrants ; 
newspaper  and  periodical  stamps,  news- 
paper wrappers,  official  stamps,  adhesive 
postage-stamps,  postal  cards,  and  stamped 
envelopes,  manufacture  of;  registered- 
package  envelopes,  locks  and  seals,  and 
office  envelopes;  ship,  steamboat,  and 
way  letters. 

Office  of  Superintendent  of  Foreign 
Mails :  balance  due  foreign  countries ; 
postage-stamps  on  matter  addressed  to 
the  Universal  Postal  Union  Convention  ; 
transportation  of  foreign  mails. 

AGRICULTURAL  DEPARTMENT 
BILL. 

Compensation  of  assistant  chemist,  at- 
tendant in  museum,  botanist,  carpenter, 
chemist,  chief  clerk,  clerks,  commissioner 
of  agriculture,  copyists,  disbursing  clerk 
and  superintendent  of  building,  engineer, 
entomologist,  laborers,  librarian,  micro- 
scopist,  statistician,  superintendent  of 
flower-seed  room,  superintendent  of  fold- 
ing-room, superintendent  of  garden  and 
grounds,  and  superintendent  of  seed 
division. 

Agricultural  statistics,  collection  of  and 
compiling  and  writing  matter  for  official 
reports ;  cuttings,  plants,  seeds,  shrubs, 
trees,  and  vines,  purchase,  propagation, 
and  distribution  of;  experiments  in  the 
culture  and  manufacture  of  tea.  Experi- 
mental garden  and  grounds,  namely: 
boiler  for  propagating  house  ;  charcoal ; 
carts,  wagons,  and  tools,  repairs  of; 
fence,  repairing  and  whitewashing;  green- 
houses, repairing  and  painting  of;  heat- 
ing apparatus,  repairs  to;  implements, 
purchase  of  new ;  labor,  manure,  pipes, 
and  plant-pots,  purchase  of  new ;  plants 
and  seeds,  purchasing  and  propagating 
of  new  ;  sand  and  sod  ;  tools  for  green- 
houses;  trees  for  arboretum.  Museum 
and  herbarium :  fruits  and  vegetables, 
collecting  and  modelling  specimens  of; 
specimens  for  the  museum  and  herba- 
rium, collecting  and  preparing  of.  In- 
vestigation as  to  insects  injurious  to 
agriculture :  chemicals,  experiments  in 
ascertaining  the  best  means  of  destroy- 
ing insects;  investigating  the  history 
and  habits  of  insects  ;  travelling  and 
other  expenses  of  the  entomologist.  Fur- 
niture and  repairs :  carpets,  furniture, 
heating  apparatus,  matting,  repairs  of 
building,  safe  (fire  and  burglar  proof), 
water-  and  gas-pipes.  Library  :  books, 


botanical  and  entomological,  on  agricul- 
ture, chemistry,  and  mineralogy  ;  charts, 
periodicals,  etc.  Laboratory  :  apparatus 
and  chemicals,  chemical  experiments ; 
machinery  and  apparatus  in  the  manu- 
facture of  sugar  from  sorghum  and  corn- 
stalks; wools  and  animal  fibres,  testing 
textile  strength  of.  Contingent  expenses : 
advertising,  brooms,  brushes,  dry-goods, 
express  charges,  freight,  fuel,  glass,  gum, 
hardware,  ice,  light,  lumber,  mats,  oils, 
paper,  paints,  postage,  repairs  of  harness 
and  wagons,  soap,  stationery,  subsistence 
and  care  of  horses,  telegraphing  and 
travelling  expenses.  Investigation  of  dis- 
eases of  farm  animals :  diseases  of  swine 
and  infectious  diseases  of  swine  and 
domesticated  animals,  investigation  of. 
Arid  lands:  data  touching  agricultural 
needs  of  the  arid  region  of  the  United 
States  ;  artesian  wells  on  the  plains  east 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  sinking  of. 
Forestry,  investigation  of  the  subject  of. 

DISTRICT  OF   COLUMBIA  BILL. 

Improvements  and  repairs :  avenues 
and  streets,  work  on ;  concrete  pavements  ; 
repairing  and  macadamizing  roads ;  re- 
placement of  pavements ;  sewers,  work 
on ;  surveys. 

Constructing,  repairing,  and  maintain- 
ing bridges  :  care  of  Bennings,  Anacostia, 
and  Chain  bridges;  repairs  to  Anacostia 
and  M  Street  bridges. 

Maintaining  institutions  of  charity, 
reformatories,  and  prisons  :  for  Children's 
Hospital ;  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women 
and  Lying-in-Asylum  ;  Georgetown  Alms- 
house,  support  of  inmates ;  German  Or- 
phan Asylum,  erection  of  a  building  for; 
indigent  insane  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, support  of  in  Government  Hospital 
for  the  Insane;  Industrial  Home  School  ; 
Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,  construction  of 
their  building;  National  Association  for 
Colored  Women  and  Children  ;  Reform 
School,  salaries,  fuel,  repairs,  and  inci- 
dentals, support  of  boys;  relief  of  the 
poor  ;  Saint  Ann's  Infant  Asylum  ;  trans- 
portation of  paupers  and  conveying  pris- 
oners to  the  workhouse ;  Washington 
Asylum,  salaries  of  officers  and  employe's, 
contingent  expenses  ;  Women's  Christian 
Association. 

Washington  Aqueduct :  engineering, 
maintenance,  and  general  repairs. 

General  expenses:  salaries  and  contin- 
gent expenses  of  the  following  offices, 
attorney's,  auditor  and  comptroller's,  col- 
lector's, coroner's,  division  of  property, 
division  of  streets,  alleys,  and  county 
roads,  engineer's,  executive,  inspector  of 


ANALYSIS   OF  APPROPRIATION  BILLS. 


45 


buildings,  inspector  of  gas  and  meters, 
old  records  division,  sinking-fund,  special 
assessment  division,  treasurer  and  asses- 
sor's. For  fuel,  gas,  ice,  insurance,  re- 
pairs, and  general  miscellaneous  expenses; 
salaries  of  harbor-master  and  sealer  of 
weights  and  measures. 

For  streets:  cleaning  alleys  and  tidal 
sewers  ;  erection  of  street-lamps  ;  erection 
of  lamps  in  alleys  ;  parking  commission, 
salaries  and  contingent  expenses ;  repairs 
of  streets,  alleys,  county  roads,  street- 
lamps,  and  pumps  ;  removal  of  garbage  ; 
street-lamps,  illuminating  material,  light- 
ing and  extinguishing  ;  sweeping,  clean- 
ing, and  sprinkling  streets. 

Public  schools :  salaries  of  superin- 
tendents, teachers,  janitors,  secretary  of 
board  and  clerks,  increase  of  teachers' 
pay  for  continuous  service  ;  contingent 
expenses,  erection  of  new  school  build- 
ings, fuel,  purchase  of  sites,  repairs,  and 
rent  of  school  buildings. 

Metropolitan  police :  salaries  of  cap- 
tain, captain  mounted,  clerk,  detectives, 
drivers  of  wagons  and  ambulance,  in- 
spector of  licenses,  laborers,  lieutenants, 
lieutenants  mounted,  major  and  super- 
intendent, major  ,  and  superintendent 
mounted,  .  messengers,  property  clerk, 
privates,  class  one,  privates,  class  two, 
privates  mounted,  sergeants,  sergeants 
acting,  sergeants  mounted,  station-keep- 
ers, surgeons,  telegraph  operators.  Mis- 
cellaneous and  contingent  expenses  ;  rent 
of  police  stations. 

Fire  department  and  fire  alarm  :  sala- 
ries of  assistant  engineer,  chief  engineer, 
commissioners,  engineers,  firemen,  fore- 
men, hostlers,  privates,  superintendent 
of  fire-alarm  telegraph,  telegraph  opera- 
tors, tillermen,  and  watchmen.  Contin- 
gent expenses ;  purchase  of  horses ;  re- 
pairs to  apparatus,  engine-houses,  and 
telegraph-line. 

Courts  :  police  court,  salaries  of  judge, 
clerk,  deputy  clerk,  bailiffs,  messengers, 
doorkeepers,  United  States  marshal's 
fees ;  contingent  expenses. 

Markets  :  pay  of  market-masters ;  con- 
tingent expenses. 

Miscellaneous  expenses:  advertising; 
hay-scales  ;  payment  to  owners  for  ground 
condemned  for  alleys,  streets,  roads,  and 
sewers ;  payment  of  judgments  against 
the  District  of  Columbia  ;  rent  of  District 
offices. 

Health  department:  pay  of  clerks, 
food-inspectors,  health-officer,  messenger, 
poundmaster,  laborers  under  poundmas- 
ter,  sanitary  inspectors.  Contingent  ex- 
penses ;  miscellaneous  items. 


Sinking-fund  and  interest  on  the  pub- 
lic debt  of  the  District  of  Columbia;  gen- 
eral contingent  expenses  not  otherwise 
provided  for. 

FORT  AND  FORTIFICATION  BILL. 

Armament  of  sea-coast  fortifications  : 
carriages;  conversion  of  smooth-bore 
cannon  into  rifles ;  fuses ;  heavy  guns 
and  howitzers  ;  implements  ;  incidental 
expenses  ;  machine-guns ;  manufacture 
of  improved  breech-loading  12-inch  rifled 
guns;  powder;  projectiles. 

Instruction  of  engineer  battalion  in 
the  preparation  of  torpedoes ;  protection, 
preservation,  and  repair  of  fortifications 
and  other  works  of  defence ;  torpedoes 
for  harbor  defence  ;  torpedo  experiments. 

RIVER  AND  HARBOR  BILL. 

The  river  and  harbor  bill  provides  ap- 
propriations for  the  construction,  com- 
pletion, preservation,  and  repair  of  works 
on  rivers  and  harbors,  examinations  and 
surveys  to  ascertain  the  probable  cost  of 
improvements  contemplated,  and  gener- 
ally for  objects  incidental  to  such  im- 
provements. 

INVALID  AND  OTHER  PENSIONS 
BILL. 

Army  pensions  for  invalids,  widows, 
minors,  and  dependent  relatives;  sur- 
vivors and  widows  of  war  of  1812. 

Navy  pensions  for  invalids,  widows, 
minors,  and  dependent  relatives. 

Pay  and  allowances  for  salary,  fees  for 
preparing  vouchers,  fuel,  light,  postage 
and  rent,  for  pension  agents  ;  fees  of  ex- 
amining surgeons  not  to  exceed  §1  for 
each  examination  of  a  pensioner. 

DEFICIENCY  BILL. 

The  objects  for  which  appropriations 
are  made  by  the  deficiency  bill  are  simi- 
lar to  those  enumerated  in  the  several 
regular  annual  appropriation  bills,  the 
amounts  appropriated  for  any  specified 
object  or  objects  having  proved  inade- 
quate for  the  service. 

There  are  two  other  annual  appropria- 
tion bills,  which  are  denominated  private, 
namely: 

The  one  providing  for  the  payment  of 
claims  allowed  by  the  Commissioners  of 
Claims ; 

The  other  for  the  allowance  of  claims 
reported  by  the  accounting  officers  of  the 
United  States  Treasury  Department. 


46 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  this 
analysis  does  not  include  any  of  the  per- 
manent annual  appropriations,  such  as  for 
the  expenses  of  collecting  the  revenue  from 
customs  ;  the  interest  on  the  public  debt ; 
salaries  and  expenses  of  steamboat  inspec- 
tors ;  expenses  of  national  loan  ;  refunding 
the  national  debt,  etc.  See  U.  S.  Revised 
Statutes,  sections  3687,  3688,  and  5689. 

THE  LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS. 

The  following  is  condensed  from  a  de- 
scription by  the  Librarian  of  Congress, 
found  in  a  report  issued  from  the  Bureau 
of  Education : 

The  Library  of  Congress  had  its  origin 
in  the  wants  of  our  National  Legislature 
for  books  and  information.  Its  establish- 
ment dates  from  the  year  1800.  The  first 
appropriation  made  by  Congress  for  the 
purchase  of  books  was  on  the  24th  of 
April,  1800,  when  $5000  were  appropri- 
ated. The  selection  of  books  was  de- 
volved upon  a  joint  committee  of  both 
houses  of  Congress,  appointed  for  that 
purpose. 


FOUNDATION    AND    HISTORY  OF   THE 
LIBRARY. 

Congress  met  in  October,  1800,  at  the 
city  of  Washington,  for  the  first  time,  and 
but  little  was  done  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  Library  of  Congress.  At  the  next 
session,  which  convened  in  December, 
1801,  a  statement  was  made,  on  the  first 
day  of  the  session,  respecting  the  books 
and  maps  purchased  by  the  joint  com- 
mittee of  Congress.  A  special  committee 
was  appointed  at  this  session,  on  the  part 
of  both  houses,  to  take  into  considera- 
tion the  care  of  the  books,  and  to  make  a 
report  respecting  the  future  arrangement 
of  the  same.  This  report,  made  to  the 
House  by  John  Randolph,  of  Virginia, 
December  21,  1801,  formed  the  basis  of 
an  act  concerning  the  library,  which  was 
the  first  systematic  statute  organizing 
the  Library  of  Congress,  and  which  still 
continues  substantially  in  force. 

This  act  of  organization,  approved 
January  26,  1802,  located  the  Library  of 
Congress  in  the  room  which  had  been 
occupied  by  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives ;  empowered  the  President  of  the 
Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  to 
establish  regulations  for  the  library ; 
created  the  office  of  Librarian,  and  vested 
his  appointment  in  the  President  of  the 
United  States  ;  restricted  the  taking  of 
books  from  the  library  to  the  members  of 


the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  the  President  and  Vice-Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States.  This  regula- 
tion was  subsequently  extended  to  the 
heads  of  Departments,  the  Judges,  Re- 
porter, and  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court 
and  the  Court  of  Claims  ;  the  Solicitor  of 
the  Treasury  ;  the  Secretary  of  the  Sen- 
ate, and  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Represen- 
tatives ;  the  disbursing  agent  of  the 
library  ;  the  Solicitor-General,  and  As- 
sistant Attorneys-General ;  the  Chaplains 
of  both  houses  of  Congress  ;  the  members 
of  the  Diplomatic  Corps,  and  the  Secre- 
tary and  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  resident  in  Washington. 

The  disbursement  of  funds  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books  is  under  the  direction  of 
a  joint  committee  of  both  houses  of 
Congress  on  the  library,  consisting  of 
three  Senators  and  three  Representa- 
tives. 

In  the  early  years  the  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  had  charge  of 
the  library,  which  up  to  the  year  1814 
had  accumulated  only  3000  volumes,  and 
he  employed  an  assistant  to  take  the 
immediate  care  of  the  books.  The 
amount  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of 
books  during  this  period  was  only  $1000. 

On  the  25th  of  August,  1814,  the  Capi- 
tol was  burned  by  the  British  army, 
which  invaded  and  held  possession  of 
Washington  for  a  single  day,  and  the 
Library  of  Congress  was  entirely  con- 
sumed. During  the  following  month 
ex-President  Jefferson  tendered  to  Con- 
gress his  private  collection  of  books,  as 
the  basis  for  a  new  Congressional  library. 
The  offer  was  to  furnish  the  books,  num- 
bering about  6700  volumes,  at  cost,  and 
to  receive  in  payment  the  bonds  of  the 
United  States,  or  such  payment  as  might 
be  "  made  convenient  to  the  public."  This 
proposition  was  favorably  reported  from 
the  Library  Committee  in  both  houses 
of  Congress,  but  excited  earnest  debate 
and  opposition.  The  final  vote  in  the 
House  upon  the  passage  of  the  bill  au- 
thorizing the  purchase,  at  the  price  of 
$23,950,  was  81  yeas  and  71  nays. 

On  the  21st  of  March,  1815,  Mr.  George 
Watterson  was  appointed  Librarian  of 
Congress  by  President  Madison.  A 
catalogue  of  the  collection  was  printed 
the  same  year  in  a  thin  quarto  of  210 
pages. 

The  annual  appropriation  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books  was  raised  to  $2000  a  year 
in  1818.  This  continued  until  1824, 
when  the  sum  of  $5000  was  appropriated  ; 
and  the  same  continued  the  average  an- 


THE  LIBRARY    OF  CONGRESS. 


47 


nual  appropriation  for  twenty  or  thirty 
years  thereafter. 

The  annual  accessions  of  books  were 
not  great,  but  resulted  in  bringing  to- 

? ether  a  library  of  the  highest  utility. 
n  1824  the  library  was  finally  removed 
to  the  central  Capitol  building,  which 
had  been  completed,  where  an  apartment 
92  feet  in  length  by  32  feet  in  width,  still 
occupied  as  the  central  library-hall,  was 
fitted  up  to  receive  the  books.  There  the 
library  continued  to  grow,  until  it  had 
accumulated  by  the  year  1851  55,000 
volumes  of  books.  On  the  24th  of  De- 
cember of  that  year  the  calamity  of  a 
second  fire  overtook  the  library.  A  de- 
fective flue,  which  had  been  neglected, 
and  was  surrounded  with  wooden  ma- 
terial, communicated  the  flames  to  the 
adjoining  shelving,  and  the  entire  library 
was  soon  wrapped  in  flames.  The  fire 
occurring  in  the  night,  its  extinction  was 
attended  with  great  delay,  so  that  only 
20.000  volumes  were  saved. 

These,  however,  embraced  the  more 
valuable  portion  of  the  library. 

Starting  anew  in  1852,  the  library  has 
since  continued  to  grow.  The  Congress 
of  that  day  took  a  wise  and  liberal  view 
of  the  situation,  and  appropriated  at  the 
same  session  the  sum  of  $72.000  for  the 
reconstruction  of  the  library-rooms,  and 
$75,000  additional  for  the  immediate  pur- 
chase of  books.  The  library-hall  was  re- 
built in  fire-proof  material,  the  walls, 
ceiling,  and  shelves  being  constructed  of 
solid  iron,  finished  in  a  highly  decorative 
style.  The  library  thus  furnished  the 
first  example  of  an  interior  constructed 
wholly  of  iron  in  any  public  building 
in  America.  The  liberal  appropriation 
made  by  Congress  for  books  soon  began 
to  show  its  fruits  in  the  acquisition  of 
multitudes  of  volumes  of  the  best  litera- 
ture in  all  departments,  and  many  ex- 
pensive art  publications,  sets  of  period- 
icals, and  valuable  and  costly  works  in 
natural  history,  architecture,  and  other 
sciences  were  added  to  its  stores.  By  the 
year  1860  the  library  had  grown  to  about 
75,000  volumes. 

Soon  after  the  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war,  in  1861,  the  regular  appropriation 
for  the  purchase  of  books  was  increased 
from  $7000  to  $10,000  per  annum. 

In  the  year  1866  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress received  a  most  important  and  valu- 
able accession  in  the  transfer  of  books 
gathered  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
and  representing  twenty  years'  accumu- 
lation. The  collection  included  many 
books  in  the  natural  and  exact  sciences, 


and  was  quite  unique  in  the  multitude  of 
publications  of  learned  societies  in  all 
parts  of  the  world,  and  in  nearly  all  of 
the  modern  languages.  With  this  large 
addition  (numbering  nearly  40,000  vol- 
umes) the  library  became  at  once  the 
most  extensive  and  valuable  repository 
of  material  for  the  wants  of  scholars 
which  was  to  be  found  in  the  United 
States. 

THE  FORCE  LIBRARY. 

In  the  following  year  (1867)  Congress 
became  the  purchaser  of  a  very  extensive 
historical  library,  formed  by  the  late 
Peter  Force,  ex-mayor  of  Washington. 
This  collection  represented  nearly  fifty 
years  of  assiduous  accumulation  by  a 
specialist  devoted  to  the  collection  of 
books,  pamphlets,  periodicals,  maps,  man- 
uscripts, etc.,  relating  to  the  coloniza- 
tion and  history  of  the  United  States. 
This  purchase,  which  was  effected  at  the 
price  of  $100,000,  included,  besides  nearly 
60,000  articles  or  titles  in  books,  pam- 
phlets, and  manuscripts,  the  entire  un- 
published materials  of  the  Documentary 
History  of  the  United  States,  a  work  to 
which  Mr.  Force  had  dedicated  his  life, 
and  nine  folio  volumes  of  which,  em- 
bracing a  portion  only  of  the  history  of 
the  Revolutionary  period,  had  been  pub- 
lished. 

THE  LAW  LIBRARY. 

The  law  department  of  the  library  was 
constituted  by  act  of  July  14,  1832.  Prior 
to  that  time  the  whole  collection  had  been 
kept  together ;  but  the  wants  and  con- 
venience of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  would,  it  was 
found,  be  greatly  promoted  by  removing 
the  department  of  jurisprudence  into  a 
separate  room,  more  conveniently  acces- 
sible to  the  court  and  conference-rooms 
of  that  tribunal.  The  annual  appropria- 
tion for  the  purchase  of  law-books  was 
fixed  at  $1000,  and  a  special  sum  of  $5000 
was  twice  appropriated  to  enrich  the  law 
department.  At  the  time  it  was  set  apart 
this  department  consisted  of  only  2011 
volumes. 

From.  1850  to  the  present  time  the  an 
nual  sum  appropriated  for  law-books  has 
been  $2000. 

The  Law  Library  is  rich  in  the  English 
and  American  reports,  of  which  it  pos- 
sesses full  sets,  many  of  them  being  in 
duplicate.  In  civil  law  it  contains  all  the 
leading  works,  and  many  of  the  more 
obscure  collateral  treatises  in  every  de- 
partment of  the  common  law  and  iniscella- 


48 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


neous  law  literature,  both  in  English  and 
French  ;  while  its  collection  of  sets  of 
all  important  law  periodicals,  whether 
English,  French,  or  American,  surpasses 
that  of  any  other  library  in  the  United 
States.  It  now  numbers  upwards  of 
35,000  volumes,  exclusive  of  works  on 
the  law  of  nations  and  nature,  and  the 
journals  and  documents  of  legislative 
bodies,  which  form  a  part  of  the  general 
Library  of  Congress. 

EXTENT  AND  CHARACTER  OF  THE 
VOLUMES. 

The  accumulations  of  authorities  in 
English  and  European  history  and  biog- 
raphy are  especially  extensive.  The  col- 
lection of  periodicals  is  very  rich,  and 
there  are  few  English  or  American  re- 
views or  magazines  of  any  note  of  which 
complete  sets  are  not  to  be  found  upon 
its  shelves.  An  admirable  selection  of 
the  more  important  literary  and  scientific 
periodicals  published  in  France,  Ger- 
many, Italy,  Switzerland,  and  other 
countries  of  Europe  is  also  to  be  found 
here. 

As  the  library  of  the  American  people, 
supported  and  constantly  enlarged  by 
taxation,  it  is  eminently  fitting  that  this 
library  should  not  only  be  freely  acces- 
sible to  the  whole  people,  but  that  it 
should  furnish  the  fullest  possible  sources 
of  information  in  every  department  of 
human  knowledge.  While,  therefore, 
more  particular  attention  has  been  de- 
voted to  rendering  the  library  complete 
in  jurisprudence,  history,  and  produc- 
tions of  American  authors,  there  is  no 
department  which  has  been  neglected  in 
its  formation  ;  and  it  is,  accordingly,  be- 
coming measurably  complete  in  many 
directions  which,  were  it  merely  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress,  and  for  the  sole  use 
of  a  legislative  body,  would  not  receive 
special  attention. 

As  one  example,  it  may  be  stated  that 
this  library  contains  much  the  largest 
collection  of  the  county  and  town  his- 
tories of  Great  Britain,  and  of  genealog- 
ical works,  to  be  found  in  America. 

In  January,  1880,  the  numerical  extent 
of  the  Library  of  Congress  was  365,000 
volumes,  besides  about  120,000  pam- 
phlets. 

THE  'CATALOGUE. 

The  catalogue  system  of  the  Library 
of  Congress  is  substantially  that  adopted 
in  most  great  and  rapidly-growing  public 
libraries.  The  card  catalogue  "is  kept 
constantly  complete  to  date  by  incorpo- 


rating daily  the  titles  of  works  added  to 
the  collection.  The  printed  catalogues, 
however,  comprise  two  divisions, — an  al- 
phabetical catalogue,  by  authors'  names, 
and  a  classed  catalogue,  by  subjects. 

The  next  general  catalogue,  complete 
to  the  year  1876,  will  fill  four  or  more 
royal  octavo  volumes.  It  will  embrace 
the  feature  of  recording  full  collations  of 
every  book  and  pamphlet,  including  pub- 
lishers' names,  first  introduced  in  the 
catalogue  of  this  library  in  1867. 

A  labor  recently  undertaken  in  connec- 
tion with  the  catalogue  system  of  the 
library,  is  the  preparation  of  a  complete 
index  of  topics  to  the  documents  and 
debates  of  Congress.  This  is  a  work  of 
vast  extent,  embracing  the  contents  of 
about  1600  volumes,  including  the  annals 
of  Congress,  the  register  of  debates,  the 
Congressional  Globe  and  Record,  the 
journals  of  the  Continental  Congress, 
the  complete  set  of  Congressional  docu- 
ments (including  the  partial  reprints  in 
the  American  State  Papers),  the  statutes 
at  large,  etc. 

Considering  the  great  extent  and  rich 
material  of  the  documentary  history  of 
the  Republic,  the  most  of  which  has  been 
completely  buried  from  view  by  the  want 
of  any  index  or  other  key  to  unlock  its 
stores,  this  task,  when  completed,  may  be 
expected  to  yield  valuable  fruit  in  bring- 
ing to  light  the  sources  of  our  political 
history,  as  well  as  furnishing  an  impor- 
tant aid  to  the  legislative,  executive,  and 
judicial  officers  of  the  United  States. 


THE  COPYRIGHT  DEPARTMENT. 

It  remains  to  consider,  briefly,  one 
distinctive  field  of  the  operations  of  the 
Library  of  Congress,  namely,  its  copy- 
right accessions.  By  an  act  of  Congress, 
approved  July  8, 1870,  the  entire  registry 
of  copyrights  within  the  United  States. 
which  was  previously  scattered  all  over 
the  country,  in  the  offices  of  the  clerks 
of  the  United  States  District  Courts,  has 
been  transferred  to  the  office  of  the  Li- 
brarian of  Congress.  The  reasons  for 
this  step  were  threefold : 

1.  To  secure  the  advantage  of  one  cen 
tral  office  at  the  seat  of  government  foi 
keeping  all  of  the  records   relating  to 
copyrights,   so  that  any  fact  regarding 
literary   property  can   be  learned  by  a 
single  inquiry  at  Washington. 

2.  This  transfer  of  copyright  business 
to  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress 
adds  to  the  registration  of  all  original 
publications   the  requirement  of    a   de- 


GOVERNMENT  PRINTING-OFFICE. 


49 


posit  of  each  publication  entered,  in  order 
to  perfect  the  copyright. 

This  secures  to  the  library  of  the  Gov- 
ernment an  approximately  complete  rep- 
resentation of  the  product  of  the  Ameri- 
can mind  in  every  department  of  printed 
matter.  The  resulting  advantage  to 
authors  and  students  of  being  certain  of 
finding  all  the  books  which  the  country 
has  produced  in  any  given  department  is 
incalculable. 

3.  The  pecuniary  fees  for  the  record 
of  copyrights  are  now  paid  directly  into 
the  Treasury,  instead  of  being  absorbed, 
as  formerly,  by  the  clerical  expenses  in 
the  offices  of  the  district  clerk.  The  aver- 
age number  of  copyright  entries  is  not 
far  from  12,000  per  annum.  As  two 
copies  of  each  publication  are  required  to 
be  deposited  in  the  library  as  a  condition 
of  perfecting  copyright,  the  annual  re- 
ceipts under  this  head  amount  to  nearly 
25,000  articles.  Of  this  large  number, 
however,  one-half  are  duplicates,  while  a 
very  large  share  are  not  books,  but  mu- 
sical compositions,  engravings,  chromos, 
photographs,  prints,  maps,  dramatic 
compositions,  and  periodicals. 

By  the  constant  deposit  of  copyright 
engravings,  photographs,  wood-cuts,  chro- 
mos, and  other  objects  of  art,  the  library 
must  in  time  accumulate  a  large  and 
attractive  gallery  of  the  fine  arts,  richly 
worthy  of  attention  as  representing  the 
condition  and  progress  of  the  arts  of 
design  at  different  periods  in  the  United 
States.  By  the  required  deposit,  also,  as 
a  condition  of  the  copyright,  of  every 
book  and  periodical  on  which  an  exclu- 
sive privilege  is  claimed,  there  will  be 
gathered  in  a  permanent  fire-proof  repos- 
itory the  means*  of  tracing  the  history 
and  progress  of  each  department  of 
science  or  literature  in  this  country.  As 
a  single  example,  it  is  a  great  benefit  to 
those  who  are  interested  in  the  profession 
of  education  to  be  sure  of  finding  in  a 
national  library  a  complete  series  of 
school-books  produced  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States  for  the  period  of  half  a 
century. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  LIBRARIAN  OF 
CONGRESS. 

Per  Annum. 
Librarian 


2250 

2000 

1600 

1440 

((       (( 

1250 

<(       (( 

1200 

U         (t 

1000 

librarian.... 

.  960 

The  usual  annual  appropriation  for 
the  purposes  named  is  as  follows  : 

Purchase  of  books  for  the  library $5000 

"         "  law-books 2000 

"        "  files  of  periodicals  and  news- 
papers   2500 

Expenses  of  exchanging  public  docu- 
ments with  foreign  governments 1000 

For  works  of  art 5000 

For  contingent  expenses  of  the  library...  1000 
For  expenses  of  the  copyright  business...     500 

BOTANIC  GARDEN. 

The  garden  comprises  ten  acres,  en- 
closed with  a  low  brick  wall,  and  is  laid 
out  in  walks,  lawns,  and  flower-beds. 

North  of  the  main  conservatory  is  a 
large  fountain  with  nine  main  jets  and  a 
marble  basin  93  feet  in  diameter.  On 
the  south  there  is  a  smaller  fountain  with 
granite  basin. 

The  main  conservatory  is  300  feet  long 
and  60  feet  wide,  the  dome  is  40  feet  high, 
and  the  wings  25  feet  high. 

There  are  ten  smaller  conservatories. 

The  object  of  the  garden  is  to  give  in- 
struction in  botany  and  the  distribution 
of  rare  plants. 

In  one  of  the  conservatories  is  a  lec- 
ture-room, sufficient  to  accommodate  100 
students.  Four  of  the  conservatories  are 
devoted  to  propagation. 

The  garden  is  under  control  of  the 
Joint  Committee  of  Congress  on  the  Li- 
brary. Senators  and  Members  of  Con- 
gress are  supplied  with  plants,  seeds,  and 
bouquets. 

Per  Annum. 

Superintendent $1600 

For  assistants  and  laborers 9900 

For  improving  the  garden,  manure,  tools, 
fuel,  and  repairs,  for  purchase  of  trees, 
shrubs,  etc 5000 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING-OFFICE. 

The  Government  Printing-Office  is  the 
largest  printing  and  binding  establish- 
ment in  the  world.  The  amount  of  print- 
ing and  binding  executed  in  it  is  immense. 
All  printing  and  binding  and  blank-books 
for  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  for  the  Executive  and  Judicial 
Departments  of  the  Government,  are  done 
at  this  office,  except  in  cases  otherwise 
provided  by  law.  Registered  bonds  and 
written  records  may  be  bound  at  the 
Treasury  Department. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1879,  the  following  were  printed  and 
bound  for  the  Executive  Departments  and 
Congress  :  105,812,586  blanks,  envelopes, 
etc.;  18,701.398  pamphlets  and  docu- 
ments ;  247,241  blank-books  :  and  26.276 


50 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


miscellaneous  works  in  addition  were 
bound. 

The  cost  of  the  public  printing  and  bind- 
ing, including  the  Congressional  Record, 
and  lithographing,  mapping,  and  engrav- 
ing for  the  same  period,  was  §1,716,012. 

The  Public  Printer  has  recently  pur- 
chased and  put  in  use  for  printing  the 
Congressional  Record  two  large  presses, 
by  which  more  work  can  be  done  than 
can  be  done  on  twelve  Adams  presses. 

Nine  book-sewing  machines  are  in 
operation,  by  which  books  are  sewed  by 
wire  instead  of  thread,  and  at  greatly 
reduced  cost. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Public  Printer  to 
purchase,  after  advertising  for  proposals, 
by  contract,  all  materials  and  machinery 
which  may  be  necessary  for  the  Govern- 
ment Printing-Office ;  to  take  charge  of 
all  matter  to  be  printed,  engraved,  litho- 
graphed, or  bound  ;  to  keep  an  account 
thereof  in  the  order  in  which  it  is  re- 
ceived, and  to  cause  the  work  to  be 
promptly  executed;  to  superintend  all 
printing  and  binding  done  at  the  Govern- 
ment Printing-Office,  and  to  see  that  the 
sheets  or  volumes  are  promptly  delivered 
to  the  officers  authorized  to  receive  them. 
He  is  directed  to  appoint  a  foreman  of 
printing  and  a  foreman  of  binding,  who 
must  be  practically  and  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted with  their  respective  trades,  and 
whose  salary  is  fixed  at  $2000  per  annum 
each. 

He  is  authorized  to  employ,  at  such 
rates  of  wages  as  he  may  deem  for  the 
interest  of  the  Government,  and  just  to 
the  persons  employed,  such  proof-readers, 
compositors,  pressmen,  binders,  laborers, 
and  other  hands  as  may  be  necessary  for 
the  execution  of  the  orders  for  public 
printing  and  binding  authorized  by  law. 
He  must  cause  work  to  be  done  at  night 
as  well  as  by  day  during  the  sessions  of 
Congress,  when  the  exigencies  of  the 
public  service  require  it. 

The  average  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed is  1500.  Of  this  number,  about 
400  are  compositors,  200  bookbinders, 
and  35  pressmen,  all  of  whom  receive 
40  cents  per  hour.  The  remainder  of 
the  employ6s  comprise  laborers,  press- 


feeders,  book-sewers,  folders,  etc.,  who 
receive  18f  to  30  cents  per  hour.  A  ma- 
jority of  the  feeders  and  book-sewers 
work  by  the  piece,  and  make  all  the  way 
from  $10  to  $40  per  month. 

The  Public  Printer  and  the  foremen  of 
the  printing  and  the  binding  are  prohib- 
ited from  having  any  interest  in  the  pub- 
lication of  any  newspaper  or  periodical, 
or  in  any  printing,  binding,  engraving, 
or  lithographing,  or  in  any  contract  for 
furnishing  paper  or  other  material  con- 
nected with  the  public  printing. 

No  printing  or  binding  which  is  not 
provided  for  by  law  can  be  executed  at 
the  Government  Printing-Office. 

Any  person  desiring  extra  copies  of 
any  documents  printed  at  the  Govern- 
ment Printing-Office  by  authority  of  law, 
may  be  furnished  with  the  same  by  giv- 
ing notice  to  the  Public  Printer  previous 
to  their  being  put  to  press  of  the  number 
of  copies  wanted,  and  by  paying  in  ad- 
vance the  estimated  cost  thereof  and  ten 
per  centum  thereon. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  au- 
thorized to  advance  to  the  Public  Printer 
a  sum  of  money  not  exceeding  at  one 
time  two-thirds  of  the  penalty  of  his 
bond,  to  enable  him  to  pay  for  work  and 
material.  He  must  deposit  the  money 
received  from  the  sales  of  paper-shavings 
and  imperfections  in  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States,  to  the  credit  of  the  appro- 
priation for  printing,  binding,  and  paper, 
and  it  shall  be  subject  to  his  requisition. 

The  foremen  of  printing  and  binding 
must  make  out  and  deliver  to  the  Public 
Printer  monthly  statements  of  the  work 
done  in  their  respective  offices,  together 
with  monthly  pay-rolls,  containing  the 
names  of  the  persons  employed,  the  rate 
of  compensation,  and  the  amount  due  to 
each,  and  the  service  for  which  it  is  due. 

CLERICAL   FORCE  IN  THE  OFFICE  OF 
THE  GOVERNMENT  PRINTER. 

Per  Annum. 

Public  Printer $3600 

Chief  clerk 2000 

3  clerks,  each 1800 

1  clerk 1400 

1  clerk 1200 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


THE    PRESIDENT. 


ELECTION  OF   PRESIDENT  AND  VICE- 
PRESIDENT. 

Presidential  elections  are  held  on  the 
Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in 
November  in  every  fourth  year. 

The  number  of  Presidential  electors  is 
equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senators 
and  Representatives  in  Congress. 

The  electors  of  each  State  must  meet 
and  give  their  votes  on  the  first  Wednes- 
day in  December  after  the  election.  The 
electors  must  make  and  sign  three  certifi- 
cates of  all  the  votes  given  by  them, 
each  of  which  certificates  must  contain 
two  distinct  lists :  one  of  the  votes  for 
President,  and  the  other  of  the  votes  for 
Yice-President ;  they  must  then  seal  up 
the  certificates,  and  certify  upon  each 
that  the  lists  of  all  the  votes  given  are 
contained  therein.  The  certificates  are 
disposed  of  as  follows  : 

The  electors  in  each  State  appoint  a 
person  to  take  charge  of  and  deliver  to 
the  President  of  the  Senate  at  the  seat 
of  Government,  before  the  first  Wednes- 
day in  January  next  ensuing,  one  of  the 
certificates. 

They  shall  forthwith  forward  by  the 
post-office  to  the  President  of  the  Senate 
at  the  seat  of  Government  one  other  of 
the  certificates. 

They  shall  forthwith  cause  the  other 
of  the  certificates  to  be  delivered  to  the 
judge  of  that  district  in  which  the  elec- 
tors shall  assemble. 

Congress  shall  be  in  session  on  the  sec- 
ond Wednesday  in  February,  succeeding 
every  meeting  of  the  electors,  and  the 
certificates  shall  then  be  opened,  the  votes 
counted,  and  the  persons  to  fill  the  offices 
of  President  and  Vice-President  ascer- 
tained and  declared,  agreeable  to  the 
'  Constitution. 

In  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation, 


or  inability  of  both  the  President  and 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  the 
President  of  the  Senate,  or  if  there  is 
none,  then  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  for  the  time  being,  shall 
act  as  President  until  the  disability  is  re- 
moved, or  a  President  elected. 

Whenever  the  offices  of  President  and 
Vice-President  both  become  vacant,  the 
Secretary  of  State  shall  notify  the  Execu- 
tive of  every  State  of  the  fact.  In  such 
an  event  electors  will  be  appointed  or 
chosen  in  the  several  States  as  follows : 
In  case  the  notification  is  made  two 
months  previous  to  the  first  Wednesday 
in  December  then  next  ensuing,  the  elec 
tors  shall  be  appointed  or  chosen  within 
thirty-four  days  preceding  such  first 
Wednesday. 

If  there  shall  not  be  the  space  of  two 
months  between  the  date  of  such  notifi- 
cation and  such  first  Wednesday  in  De- 
cember, and  if  the  term  for  which  the 
President  and  Vice-President  last  in  office 
were  elected  will  not  expire  on  the  third 
day  of  March  next  ensuing,  the  electors 
shall  be  chosen  within  thirty-four  days 
preceding  the  first  Wednesday  in  Decem- 
ber in  the  next  year  ensuing.  But  if 
there  shall  not  be  the  space  of  two 
months  between  the  date  of  such  notifi- 
cation and  the  first  Wednesday  in  De- 
cember then  next  ensuing,  and  if  the 
term  for  which  the  President  and  Vice- 
President  last  in  office  were  elected  will 
expire  on  the  third  day  of  March  next 
ensuing,  no  electors  are  to  be  chosen. 

The  term  of  four  years  for  which  the 
President  and  Vice-President  are  elected, 
commences  on  the  fourth  day  of  March 
succeeding  the  day  on  which  the  votes  of 
the  electors  have  been  given. 

The  President's  salary  is  §50,000  a  year, 
payable  monthly. 

51 


52 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


POWERS  AND  DUTIES  OF  THE  PRESI- 
DENT. 

The  President  is  Commander-in-Chief 
of  the  army  and  navy  of  the  United  States, 
and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  States 
when  called  into  the  actual  service  of  the 
United  States.  It  is  not  intended  that  the 
President  shall  necessarily  take  the  field 
in  person  on  all  occasions,  for  this  might 
interfere  with  his  other  duties,  but  he  is 
the  source  whence  orders  are  to  ema- 
nate. 

The  President  is  authorized  to  grant 
reprieves  and  pardons  for  offences,  except 
in  cases  of  impeachment. 

He  is  authorized,  with  the  concurrence 
of  two-thirds  of  the  Senate,  to  make 
treaties  with  foreign  nations. 

He  is  empowered  to  nominate,  and,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Sen- 
ate, appoint  ambassadors,  other  public 
ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of  the  Su- 
preme Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the 
United  States  whose  appointments  are  not 
otherwise  provided  for  by  the  Constitution, 
and  which  may  be  established  by  law ;  but 
Congress  may  by  law  vest  the  appoint- 
ment of  such  inferior  officers  as  they  think 
proper,  in  the  President  alone,  in  the  courts 
of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  Departments. 
Also  to  fill  all  vacancies  that  may  hap- 
pen during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by 
granting  commissions  which  shall  expire 
at  the  end  of  their  next  session,  and  to 
commission  all. the  officers  of  the  United 
States. 

He  is  required  from  time  to  time  to 
communicate  information  respecting  "the 
general  operations  of  the  Government, 
and  to  recommend  for  consideration  such 
measures  as  he  shall  deem  expedient. 

It  is  his  duty  to  receive  ambassadors 


and  other  public  ministers  from  foreign 
nations. 

He  must  see  that  the  laws  are  faith- 
fully executed. 

THE    PRESIDENT'S   CABINET. 

By  custom  the  heads  of  the  seven  prin- 
cipal Departments,  namely,  the  Secretary 
of  State,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
the  Secretary  of  War,  the  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
the  Postmaster-General,  and  the  Attorney- 
General,  constitute  the  President's  cabi- 
net, and  the  salary  of  each  is  $8000  per 
annum.  They  are  appointed  by  the 
President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  and  are  removable 
at  pleasure.  With  some  few  exceptions 
each  has  the  appointment  of  the  numer- 
ous subordinate  officers,  clerks,  agents, 
and  employes  in  his  Department. 

The  following  officers,  clerks,  and  em- 
ploy6s  are  allowed  for  the  Executive 
Office  and  the  Executive  Mansion : 

EXECUTIVE   OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Private  secretary  to  the  President $3250 

Assistant      "        2250 

2  executive  clerks,  each 2000 

Stenographer 1800 

Steward  1800 

Messenger  and  usher 1200 

1  clerk 1800 

1      «     1400 

1      «     1200 

4  messengers  (two  mounted),  each 1200 

OTHER  EMPLOYES  FOR  EXECUTIVE 
MANSION. 

Furnace-keeper $864 

1  night  watchman 900 

1  night  usher 1! 

1  day  usher  at  President's  door 1400 

1  day  usher  at  secretary's  door 1200 

2  doorkeepers,  each 1200 


CONDITIONS   COMMON  TO  ALL  EXECUTIVE 
DEPAKTMENTS. 


Before  taking  up  the  Departments  in 
their  regular  order,  it  is  thought  advis- 
able, with  a  view  to  avoid  repetition,  to 
state  some  of  the  most  prominent  con- 
ditions which  apply  alike  to  each  of 
them. 

By  the  general  statutes  the  head  of 
each  Department  is  entitled  to  receive 
$10,000  a  year ;  but,  at  present,  $8000 
only  is  appropriated. 

Each  head  of  Department  is  authorized 
by  law  to  prescribe  regulations  for  the 
government  of  his  Department,  the  con- 
duct of  its  officers  and  clerks,  the  distri- 
bution and  performance  of  its  business, 
and  the  custody,  use,  and  preservation  of 
the  records,  papers,  and  property  apper- 
taining to  it ;  aud  each  has  accordingly 
prescribed  and  printed  a  system  of  appro- 
priate regulations  for  those  purposes. 

The  law  directs  that  all  the  bureaus 
and  offices  in  the  several  Departments 
shall  be  open  for  the  transaction  of  the 
public  business  at  least  eight  hours  each 
day  from  October  1  until  April  1  in 
each  year,  and  from  April  1  until  Oc- 
tober 1  at  least  ten  hours  each  day, 
except  Sundays  and  legal  holidays ;  and 
it  is  made  the  duty,  by  act  of  June  20, 
1874,  of  the  heads  of  Departments  and 
bureaus  to  require  the  chiefs  of  divisions 
and  clerks  to  labor  such  number  of  hours 
as  may  be  necessary  for  the  proper  de- 
spatch of  the  public  business,  not  exceed- 
ing the  time  above  stated,  when  the  De- 
partments are  required  to  be  kept  open, 
and  under  this  provision  the  office  hours 
established  are  from  9  A.M.  to  4  P.M.  (7 
hours),  daily,  except  Saturday,  when 
they  close  at  3  P.M.  (6  hours),  without 
any  prescribed  rule  for  intermission. 

Each  chief  clerk  in  the  several  De- 
partments and  bureaus,  and  other  officers 
(in  some  bureaus,  especially  of  the  Treas- 
ury, a  deputy  is  provided  in  lieu  of  a 


chief  clerk),  must  supervise,  under  the 
direction  of  his  immediate  superior,  the 
duties  of  the  other  clerks  therein,  and 
see  that  they  are  faithfully  performed, 
and  that  their  duties  are  distributed  with 
equality  and  uniformity.  He  must  take 
such  steps  as  will  correct  any  undue  ac- 
cumulation or  reduction  of  duties  affect- 
ing particular  clerks,  whether  arising 
from  individual  negligence  or  incapacity, 
or  from  increase  or  diminution  of  certain 
kinds  of  business :  and  must  report 
monthly  to  his  superior  officer  any  ex- 
isting defects  in  the  arrangement  or  de- 
spatch of  business.  Each  head  of  Depart- 
ment, chief  of  bureau,  or  other  superior 
officer  must  examine  the  facts  so  reported 
by  his  chief  clerk,  and  take  such  correc- 
tive measures  as  may  be  necessary  and 
proper  in  the  premises. 

Each  disbursing  clerk,  except  in  the 
Treasury  Department,  must,  when  direc- 
ted so  to  do  by  the  head  of  the  Depart- 
ment, superintend  the  building  occupied 
by  his  Department. 

In  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  ab- 
sence or  sickness  of  the  head  of  any 
Department,  the  first  or  sole  assistant 
thereof  shall,  unless  otherwise  directed 
by  the  President,  perform  the  duties  of 
such  head  until  a  successor  is  appointed 
or  such  absence  or  sickness  shall  cease. 
This  provision  is  not  applicable  to  the 
War  Department. 

For  like  causes  on  the  part  of  the  chief 
of  any  bureau,  or  of  any  officer  thereof, 
whose  appointment  is  not  vested  in  the 
head  of  the  Department,  the  assistant  or 
deputy  of  such  chief  or  of  such  officer,  or 
if  there  be  none,  then  the  chief  clerk 
of  such  bureau,  shall,  unless  otherwise 
directed  by  the  President,  perform  the 
duties  of  such  chief  or  other  officer  until 
a  successor  is  appointed,  or  such  absence 
or  sickness  shall  cease. 

53 


54 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


In  any  of  the  cases  mentioned  above, 
except  the  death,  resignation,  absence, 
or  sickness  of  the  Attorney -General,  the 
President  may,  in  his  discretion,  authorize 
and  direct  the  head  of  any  other  Depart- 
ment, or  any  other  officer  in  such  De- 
partment, whose  appointment  is  vested 
in  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  perform  the 
duties  of  the  vacant  office  until  a  succes- 
sor is  appointed,  or  the  sickness  or  ab- 
sence of  the  incumbent  shall  cease. 

A  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  or 
resignation  in  any  of  the  cases  above 
mentioned  must  not  be  temporarily  filled 
for  a  longer  period  than  ten  days. 

When  an  officer  performs  the  duties 
of  another  office,  in  accordance  with  the 
foregoing  provisions,  he  is  not  by  reason 
thereof  entitled  to  any  other  compensa- 
tion than  that  attached  to  his  proper 
office. 

Any  officer  or  clerk  of  any  of  the  De- 
partments lawfully  detailed  to  investigate 
frauds  or  attempts  to  defraud  the  Gov- 
ernment, or  any  irregularity  or  miscon- 
duct of  any  officer  or  agent  of  the  United 
States,  has  authority  to  administer  an 
oath  to  any  witness  attending  to  testify, 
or  depose,  in  the  course  of  such  investi- 
gation. 

Any  head  of  a  Department  or  bureau 
in  which  a  claim  against  the  United 
States  is  properly  pending  may  apply  to 
any  judge  or  clerk  of  any  court  of  the 
United  States  to  issue  a  subpoena  for  a 
witness,  being  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
such  court,  to  appear  before  any  officer 
authorized  to  take  depositions  for  use  in 
United  States  courts,  there  to  give  full 
and  true  answers  to  written  interroga- 
tories and  cross-interrogatories  submitted, 
or  be  orally  examined  and  cross-examined 
upon  the  subject  of  such  claim  5  and  in 
case  of  refusal  the  court  has  power  to  use 
compulsory  processes. 

No  head  of  any  Department  shall  em- 
ploy attorneys  or  counsel  at  the  expense 
of  the  United  States,  but  when  in  need 
of  counsel  or  advice,  shall  call  upon  th-e 
Department  of  Justice,  the  officers  of 
which  shall  attend  the  same. 

It  is  not  lawful  for  any  person  ap- 
pointed after  June  1,  1872,  as  an  officer, 
clerk,  or  employe,  in  any  of  the  Depart- 
ments, to  act  as  counsel,  attorney,  or  agent 
for  prosecuting  any  claim  against  the 
United  States  which  was  pending  in 
either  of  said  Departments  while  he  was 
so  employed  therein,  nor  in  any  manner, 
nor  by  any  means,  to  aid  in  the  prosecu- 
tion of  any  such  claim  within  two  years 


next  after  he  shall  have  ceased  to  be  such 
officer,  clerk,  or  employe". 

Balances  stated  by  the  Auditor  and 
certified  to  the  heads  of  Departments  by 
the  Commissioner  of  Customs,  or  the 
Comptrollers  of  the  Treasury,  upon  the 
settlement  of  public  accounts,  shall  not 
be  subject  to  be  changed  or  modified  by 
the  heads  of  Departments,  but  are  con- 
clusive upon  the  Executive  branch  of  the 
Government,  and  subject  to  revision  only 
by  Congress  or  the  proper  courts.  The 
head  of  the  proper  Department,  before 
signing  a  warrant  for  any  balance  certi- 
fied to  him  by  a  Comptroller,  may,  how- 
ever, submit  to  such  Comptroller  any  facts 
in  his  judgment  affecting  the  correctness 
of  such  balances,  but  the  decision  of  the 
Comptroller  thereon  shall  be  final  and 
conclusive. 

The  head  of  each  Department  must  re- 
port annually  to  Congress,  in  detail,  the 
expenditure  of  the  contingent  fund  for  his 
Department,  and  the  bureaus  and  offices 
therein  ;  also  the  names  of  the  clerks  and 
other  persons  that  have  been  employed, 
the  time  of  their  employment,  and  the 
amount  paid  to  each  ;  also,  as  soon  as 
practicable  after  June  30  in  the  year 
in  which  a  new  Congress  assembles,  he 
must  cause  to  be  furnished  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  a  full  and  complete 
list  of  all  officers,  agents,  clerks,  and  em- 
ployes employed  in  his  Department,  and 
other  statistics,  for  the  Biennial  Register, 
or  Blue  Book,  published  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Department  of  the  Interior. 

The  annual  reports  required  of  the 
heads  of  Departments  must  be  made  at 
the  commencement  of  each  regular  ses- 
sion, except  when  a  different  time  is  ex- 
pressly prescribed  by  law,  and  must 
embrace  the  transactions  of  the  preceding 
year. 

The  head  of  each  Department,  except 
the  Department  of  Justice,  must  furnish 
to  the  Public  Printer  copies  of  the  docu- 
ments usually  accompanying  his  annual 
report  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  No- 
vember in  each  year,  and  a  copy  of  his 
annual  report  on  or  before  the  third 
Monday  in  November  in  each  year. 

Each  head  of  Department  (including 
the  Department  of  Agriculture)  is  re- 
quired to  keep  in  proper  books  a  com- 
plete inventory  of  all  the  property  be- 
longing to  the  United  States,  in  the 
buildings,  rooms,  grounds,  etc.,  occupied 
by  each  department. 

No  Department  of  the  Government 
shall  expend  in  any  one  fiscal  year  any 
sum  in  excess  of  appropriations  made  by 


CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  ALL  THE  DEPARTMENTS.        55 


Congress  for  that  fiscal  year,  or  involve 
the  Government  in  any  contract  for  the 
future  payment  of  money  in  excess  of 
such  appropriations  ;  all  sums  appropri- 
ated shall  be  applied  solely  to  the  objects 
for  which  they  are  respectively  made, 
and  for  no  others ;  and  no  moneys  ap- 
propriated for  contingent,  incidental,  or 
miscellaneous  purposes  shall  be  expended 
or  paid  for  official  or  clerical  compensa- 
tion. 

All  purchases  and  contracts  for  sup- 
plies or  services  in  any  of  the  Depart- 
ments of  the  Government  except  for  per- 
sonal services,  shall  be  made  by  adver- 
tising for  proposals,  when  the  public  ex- 
igencies do  not  require  the  immediate 
delivery  of  the  articles  or  performance 


of  the  service,  and  when  so  required,  the 
articles  or  services  may  be  procured  by 
open  purchase  or  contract.  Contracts  for 
stationery  and  other  supplies  must  not 
be  made  for  a  longer  term  than  one  year. 
When  a  claim  is  presented  in  any  De- 
partment, the  amount  in  controversy 
exceeding  $3000,  or  based  upon  disputed 
facts  or  questions  of  law,  and  where  the 
decision  will  affect  a  class  of  cases  or  fur- 
nish a  precedent,  or  where  any  authority, 
right,  privilege,  or  exemption  is  claimed 
or  denied  under  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  the  head  of  such  Depart- 
ment may  cause  such  claim  to  be  re- 
ferred, with  all  the  vouchers,  etc.,  to  the 
Court  of  Claims  for  trial  and  adjudica- 
tion. 


STATE    DEPARTMENT. 


EAKLY  HISTORY. 

The  Department  of  State  was  first  es- 
tablished as  an  Executive  Department 
under  the  Constitution  by  the  act  of  Con- 
'gress  of  July  27,  1789,  which  act  denomi- 
nated it  the  Department  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
the  principal  officer  therein  to  be  called  the 
Secretary  for  the  Department  of  Foreign 
Affairs.  It  authorized  the  said  principal 
officer  to  appoint  an  inferior  officer  to  be 
called  the  Chief  Clerk  in  the  Department 
of  Foreign  Affairs  (whose  salary  was  after- 
ward fixed,  namely,  by  the  act  of  Septem- 
ber 11,  1789,  at  $800  a  year),  and  who 
should  have  charge  and  custody  when- 
ever the  Secretary  should  be  removed  by 
the  President,  or  in  any  other  case  of  va- 
cancy, during  the  pendency  of  such  va- 
cancy, of  the  records,  books,  and  papers 
appertaining  to  said  Department.  It 
provided  that  the  Secretary  should  per- 
form and  execute  such  duties  as  should 
from  time  to  time  be  enjoined  or  intrusted 
to  him  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  agreeable  to  the  Constitution,  re- 
lative to  correspondence,  commissions,  or 
instructions  to  or  with  public  ministers 
or  consuls  from  the  United  States,  or  to 
negotiations  with  public  ministers  from 
foreign  states  or  princes,  or  to  memorials 
or  other  applications  from  foreign  public 
ministers  or  other  foreigners,  or  to  such 
other  matters  respecting  foreign  affairs 
as  the  President  should  assign  to  the 
Department ;  the  business  thereof  to  be 
conducted  in  such  manner  as  the  Presi- 
dent should  from  time  to  time  order  or 
direct. 

By  the  act  of  September  15,  1789,  the 
name  of  this  Department  was  changed  to 
the  Department  of  State,  and  the  principal 
officer  thereof  to  Secretary  of  State,  and 
it  charged  him  with  additional  duties 
relative  to  the  receipt  and  publication  of 
the  laws  passed  by  Congress  and  to  affix- 
ing the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  civil 
commissions. 
56 


PRESENT  ORGANIZATION. 

The  Department  of  State  is  first  named 
of  the  Executive  Departments  of  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

POWERS  AND  DUTIES  OF  THE  SECRE- 
TARY OP  STATE. 

The  Secretary  of  State  conducts  all 
correspondence  and  issues  instructions 
to  the  public  ministers  and  consuls  from 
the  United  States,  negotiates  with  public 
ministers  from  foreign  states  or  princes, 
and  has  charge,  under  the  direction  of  the 
President,  of  all  matters  pertaining  to 
foreign  affairs. 

He  has  charge  of  the  seal  of  the  United 
States,  and  of  the  seal  of  the  Department 
of  State.  It  is  his  duty  to  affix  the  seal 
of  the  United  States  to  all  civil  commis- 
sions (except  for  revenue  officers)  for  offi- 
cers of  the  United  States  appointed  by 
the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate,  or  by  the 
President  alone. 

The  originals  of  all  bills,  orders,  and 
resolutions  of  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives  are  received  and  pre- 
served by  this  Department ;  and  the  duty 
of  promulgating  and  publishing  the  laws, 
amendments  to  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  of  commercial  infor- 
mation communicated  by  diplomatic  and 
consular  officers,  devolves  upon  the  State 
Department. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  State 
to  procure  from  time  to  time  suoh  of  the 
statutes  of  the  several  States  as  may  not 
be  in  his  office. 

He  must,  within  ten  days  after  the 
commencement  of  each  regular  session 
of  Congress,  lay  before  that  body  a  state- 
ment containing  an  abstract  of  all  returns 
made  to  him  pursuant  to  law  by  collectors 
of  the  different  ports  of  the  seamen  regis- 
tered by  them,  together  -with  an  account 
of  such  impressments  and  detentions  as 


STATE  DEPARTMENT. 


57 


may  appear  by  the  protests  of  the  masters 
of  vessels  to  have  taken  place. 

He  must  annually  lay  before  Congress 
the  following  reports : 

A  statement,  in  a  compendious  form, 
of  all  such  changes  and  modifications  in 
the  commercial  systems  of  other  nations, 
whether  by  treaties,  duties  on  imports  and 
exports,  or  other  regulations,  as  shall  have 
been  communicated  to  the  Department, 
including  information  contained  in  official 
publications  of  other  Governments,  which 
he  may  deem  of  sufficient  importance. 

A  synopsis  of  so  much  of  the  informa- 
tion which  may  have  been  communicated 
to  him  by  diplomatic  and  consular  officers, 
during  the  preceding  year,  as  he  may  deem 
valuable  for  public  information. 

FEES   CHARGED  FOR   COPIES  OF  REC- 
ORDS. 

For  making  out  and  authenticating 
copies  of  records  in  the  Department  of 
State  a  fee  of  10  cents  for  each  she^t 
containing  one  hundred  words  must  be 
paid  by  the  person  requesting  such  copies, 
except  where  they  are  requested  by  an 
officer  of  the  United  States  in  a  matter 
relating  to  his  office. 

PASSPORTS. 

The  Secretary  of  State  may  grant  and 
issue  passports,  and  cause  passports  to  be 
granted,  issued,  and  verified  in  foreign 
countries  by  such  diplomatic  or  consular 
officers  of  the  United  States,  and  under 
such  rules  as  the  President  designates 
and  prescribes  for  and  on  behalf  of  the 
United  States ;  and  no  other  person  may 
grant,  issue,  or  verify  any  such  passports. 
In  foreign  countries,  passports  are  issued 
only  by  the  chief  diplomatic  representa- 
tive of  the  United  States  at  a  legation ; 
in  his  absence  from  a  country,  by  the 
consul-general,  and  in  the  absence  of 
both  those  officers,  by  a  consul.  They 
are  verified  by  consuls. 

The  Department  comprises  four  bu- 
reaus, and  other  divisions :  a  general  ac- 
count of  the  business  conducted  by  each 
of  which  is  given  herewith. 

CHIEF  CLERK. 

The  Chief  Clerk  has  general  super- 
vision of  the  clerks,  and  of  the  business 
of  the  Department. 

DIPLOMATIC  BUREAU. 

Has  diplomatic  correspondence,  and 
miscellaneous  correspondence  relating 
thereto. 


CONSULAR  BUREAU. 

Correspondence  with  consulates,  and 
miscellaneous  correspondence  relating 
thereto. 

BUREAU  OP  INDEXES  AND  ARCHIVES. 
Opening  the  mails ;  preparing  and  regis- 
tering, daily,  full  abstracts  of  all  corre- 
spondence to  and  from  the  Department ; 
preserving  the  archives ;  and  answering 
calls  of  the  principal  officers  for  corre- 
spondence. 

BUREAU  OP  ACCOUNTS. 
Custody  and  disbursement  of  appro- 
priations ;  charge  of  indemnity  funds  and 
bonds ;  care  of  building  and  property. 

STATISTICAL  DIVISION. 
The  administration  of  the   collection, 
analyzing,  publication,  and  distribution 
of  commercial  information. 

LIBRARIAN — (Branch  or  Division). 
Custody  of  the  rolls,  treaties,  etc. ;  pro- 
mulgation of  the  laws ;  care  and  super- 
intendence of  the  library  and  public 
documents ;  care  of  the  Revolutionary 
archives  and  archives  of  international 
commissions. 

STATISTICS — (Branch  or  Division). 

Preparation  of  the  reports  upon  com- 
mercial relations. 

LAW  BUREAU — (From  Department  of  Justice). 

The  examination  of  all  questions  of 
law  submitted  by  the  Secretary  and  As- 
sistant Secretaries,  and  of  all  claims. 

TRANSLATIONS — (Branch  or  Division). 

Translations  of  papers  and  documents 
ordered  by  the  Secretary,  Assistant  Sec- 
retaries, or  Chief  Clerk. 

PARDONS  AND  COMMISSIONS — (Division). 

Preparation  and  issue  of  commissions ; 
of  pardons,  and  correspondence  relating 
thereto  ;  applications  for  office. 

PASSPORT  CLERK. 

The  issue  and  record  of  passports.  He 
is  authorized  to  receive  and  attest,  with- 
out charge  to  the  affiant,  all  oaths  or  affi- 
davits required  by  law  or  the  rules  to  be 
made  before  granting  passports.  A  fee 
of  $5  is  charged  for  each  passport  granted ; 
which  fee  is  paid  not  to  the  clerk,  but  to 
the  Government. 


58 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Number  and  pay  of  the  officers,  clerks, 
etc.,  of  the  Department  proper: 

Per  Annum. 

3  assistant  Secretaries  of  State,  each $3500 

1  chief  clerk 2500 

4  chiefs  of  bureaus,  each 2100 

1  translator 2100 

1  chief  clerk  of  statistical  division 2100 

12  clerks,  each 1800 

4       "          "     1600 

3  "          "     1400 

10      "          " 1200 

4  "          «     1000 

10      «          «     900 

1  elevator  tender 720 

1  messenger 840 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  superintendent  of  watch 1000 

1  assistant  superintendent  of  watch 800 

6  watchmen,  each 720 

12  laborers,       "   660 

Chief  engineer 1200 

1  assistant  engineer 1000 

6  firemen,  each 720 

10  charwomen  or  cleaners,  each 180 

DIPLOMATIC  SERVICE  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 

ENVOYS  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINIS- 
TERS PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Per  Annum. 

1  each  to  France,  Germany,  Great  Brit- 
ain, and  Russia,  each $17,500 

1  each  to  Austria,  Brazil,  China,  Italy, 

Japan,  Mexico,  and  Spain,  each 12,000 

1  each  to  Chili  and  Peru,  each 10,000 

MINISTERS  RESIDENT. 

Per  Annum. 

1  to  Central  American  States $10,000 

1  each  to  Argentine  Republic,  Belgium, 
United  States  of  Colombia,  Hawaiian 
Islands,  Hayti  (who  is  also  Consul- 
General),    Netherlands,   Sweden  and 
Norway,Turkey,  and  Venezuela,  each.      7500 
1  to  Bolivia,  who  is  also  Consul-General.      5000 
1  to  Liberia,  who  is  also  Consul-General.      4000 

CHARGES  D'AFFAIRES. 

Per  Annum. 

1  each  to  Denmark,  Paraguay  and  Uru- 
guay, Portugal,  Greece,  and  Switzer- 
land, each $5000 


SECRETARIES  OF  LEGATION  AND 
INTERPRETERS. 

Per  Annum. 

1  Secretary  of  Legation  and  Interpreter 

at  Pekin,  China $5000 

1  Consul-General  and  ex-officio  Secre- 
tary of  Legation  at  Constantinople, 
Turkey 3000 

1  Interpreter  to  the  Legation  at  Con- 
stantinople, Turkey 3000 

1  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Paris,  France, 
1  at  Berlin,  Prussia,  1  at  London, 
England,  and  1  at  St.  Petersburg, 
Russia,  each 2625 


Per  Annum. 

1  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Yedo,  Japan, 

and  1  Interpreter,  each $2500 

1  Second  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Paris, 

1  at  Berlin,  and  1  at  London,  each...  2000 

1  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Vienna,  Aus- 
tria, 1  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil,  1  at 
Rome,  Italy,  1  at  Mexico,  and  1  at 
Madrid,  Spain,  each 1800 

1  Clerk  to  Legation  at  Spain 1200 

The  following  rules  concerning  the  pre- 
cedence to  be  given  among  diplomatic 
agents  have  been  prescribed  by  the  De- 
partment of  State : 

ARTICLE  I.  Diplomatic  agents  are  di- 
vided into  three  classes :  That  of  am- 
bassadors, legates,  or  nuncios;  that  of 
envoys,  ministers,  or  other  persons  ac- 
credited to  sovereigns  ;  that  of  charges 
d'affaires  accredited  to  ministers  for  for- 
eign affairs. 

ART.  II.  Ambassadors,  legates,  or 
nuncios  only  have  the  representative 
character. 

ART.  III.  Diplomatic  agents  on  an  ex- 
traordinary mission  have  not,  on  that 
account,  any  superiority  of  rank. 

ART.  IV.  Diplomatic  agents  shall  take 
precedence  in  their  respective  classes  ac- 
cording to  the  date  of  the  official  noti- 
fication of  their  arrival.  The  present 
regulation  shall  not  cause  any  innovation 
with  regard  to  the  representative  of  the 
Pope. 

ART.  V.  A  uniform  mode  shall  be  de- 
termined in  each  State  for  the  reception 
of  diplomatic  agents  of  each  class. 

ART.  VI.  Relations  of  consanguinity 
or  of  family  alliance  between  courts  con- 
fer no  precedence  on  their  diplomatic 
agents.  The  same  rule  also  applies  to 
political  alliances. 

ART.  VII.  In  acts  or  treaties  between 
several  powers  which  grant  alternate 
precedence,  the  order  which  is  to  be  ob- 
served in  the  signatures  shall  be  decided 
by  lot  between  the  ministers. 

ART.  VIII.  It  is  agreed  that  ministers 
resident,  accredited  to  them  shall  form, 
with  respect  to  their  precedence,  an  in- 
termediate class  between  ministers  of  the 
second  class  and  charges  d'affaires. 

For  such  time  as  any  secretary  of  lega- 
tion acts  by  proper  authority  as  charge 
d'affaires  ad  interim  at  the  post  at  which 
he  is  appointed,  he  will  be  entitled  to  re- 
ceive compensation  at  the  rate  allowed 
by  law  for  a  charge"  d'affaires  at  such 
post ;  but  not  for  the  same  time  the  com- 
pensation also  allowed  as  secretary  of 
legation. 

When  to  any  diplomatic  office  there  is 


STATE  DEPARTMENT. 


59 


superadded  another,  the  person  holding 
the  same  will  be  allowed  additional  com- 
pensation for  his  extra  service  at  the  rate 
of  fifty  per  centum  of  the  amount  allowed 
by  law  for  such  superadded  office  for 
such  time  only  as  he  is  actually  and  neces- 
sarily occupied  in  making  the  transit  be- 
tween the  two  posts  of  duty,  at  the  com- 
mencement and  termination  of  the  period 
of  such  superadded  office. 

No  person  in  the  diplomatic  service  of 
the  United  States  shall  wear  any  uniform 
or  official  costume  not  previously  au- 
thorized by  Congress. 

CONSULAR  SERVICE  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES. 

The  statutes  of  the  United  States 
classify  the  consulates-general,  consu- 
lates, and  commercial  agencies  into  three 
classes:  1.  Those  embraced  in  a  schedule 
known  as  Schedule  B,  the  incumbents 
of  which  receive  a  fixed  salary,  and  are 
not  allowed  to  transact  business.  2. 
Those  embraced  in  a  schedule  known  as 
Schedule  C,  the  incumbents  of  which 
receive  a  fixed  salary,  and  are  allowed  to 
transact  business.  3.  All  other  consulates 
the  incumbents  of  which  are  compensated 
by  the  fees  collected  in  their  offices,  and 
are  allowed  to  transact  business. 

The  compensation  of  salaried  Consuls 
is  limited  to  the  amount  of  the  salary 
(out  of  which  the  officer  must  defray  the 
expenses  of  clerk-hire,  except  where 
clerk-hire  is  provided  by  law),  except 
that  Consuls  whose  salaries  do  not  ex- 
ceed $1500,  and  from  whose  consulates, 
without  the  agencies,  fees  are  paid  into 
the  Treasury  to  the  amount  of  $3000  a 
year,  are  compensated  at  $2000  a  year. 
The  compensation  of  the  feed  Consuls  is 
limited  to  $2500.  If  the  fees  exceed  that 
sum,  such  Consuls  can  pay  clerk-hire  from 
the  fees  received  at  the  consulate  when 
thereto  specially  authorized,  but  not 
otherwise.  It  is  the  usual  practice  for 
the  agent,  subject  to  agreement  with 
the  Consul,  to  retain  one-half  the  fees  of 
the  agency  until  the  sum  retained  by 
him  amounts  to  $1000.  This  rule  is  not 
universal  as  regards  the  proportion,  but 
the  maximum  of  $1000  cannot  be  ex- 
ceeded. The  agent  cannot,  however, 
take  precedence  over  the  Consul  in  the 
division  of  the  fees.  The  Consul  is  en- 
titled, to  retain  not  more  than  $1000  a 
year  in  the  aggregate  from  the  agencies 
under  his  consulate. 


Schedule  B. 

CONSULS-GENERAL. 

Per  Annum. 

1  Agent  and  Consul-General  at  Cairo $4000 

1  Consul- General  each  at  London,  Paris, 
Havana,  and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  each 6000 

1  Consul- General   each  at   Calcutta   and 
Shanghai,  each 5000 

1  Consul-General  at  Melbourne 4500 

each  at  Kanagawa  and 
Montreal,  each 4000 

1  Consul-General  at  Berlin 4000 

each  at  Vienna,  Frank- 
fort, and  Rome,  each ,  3000 

1  Consul-General  each  at  St.  Petersburg 
and  Mexico,  each 2000 

1  Consul  at  Liverpool 6000 

1  Consul-General  at  Bucharest 4000 

CONSULS. 

CLASS  ONE,  at  $4000  per  annum. 
I  at  Hong-Kong,  and  1  at  Honolulu. 

CLASS  Two,  at  $3500  per  annum. 

1  each  at  Foochow,  Hankow,  Canton,  Amoy, 
Tien-Tsin,  Chin-Kiang,  and  Ningpo,  China, 
and  Callao,  Peru. 


CLASS  THREE,  at  $3000  per  annum. 

1  each  at  Manchester,  Glasgow,  Bradford, 
Demerara,  Havre,  Matanzas,  Vera  Cruz,  Pan- 
ama, Aspinwall,  Buenos  Ayres,  Tripoli,  Tunis, 
Tangier,  Nagasaki,  Osaka,  Hiogo,  Bangkok, 
and  Valparaiso. 

CLASS  FOUR,  at  $2500  per  annum. 

1  each  at  Singapore,  Tunstall,  Birmingham, 
Sheffield,  Belfast,  Marseilles,  Bordeaux,  Lyons, 
Cienfuegps,  Santiago  de  Cuba,  Antwerp,  Brus- 
sels, Saint  Thomas,  Hamburg,  Bremen,  and 
Dresden. 

CLASS  FIVE,  a<$2000  per  annum. 

1  each  at  Cork,  Dublin,  Leeds,  Dundee,  Leith, 
Toronto,  Hamilton,  Halifax,  Saint  John  (New 
Brunswick),  Kingston,  Coaticook,  Nassau,  Car- 
diff, Port  Louis,  San  Juan,  Lisbon,  Rotterdam, 
Odessa,  Sonneberg,  Nuremberg,  Barmen,  Co- 
ogne,  Chemnitz,  Leipsic,  Triest,  Prague,  Basle, 
Zurich,  Acapulco,  Matamoras,  Pernambuco, 
[amatave,  Montevideo,  Beirut,  and  Smyrna, 

CLASS  Six,  at  $1500  per  annum. 

1  each  at  Bristol,  Newcastle,  Auckland,  Gib- 
•altar,  Cape  Town,  St.  Helena,  Charlottetown 
:>ort  Stanley,  Clifton,  Pictou,  Winnipeg,  Mahe'j 
vingston  (Canada),  Prescott,  PortSarnia,  Que- 
>ec,  Saint  Johns  (Canada),  Barbadoes,  Ber- 
muda, Fort  Erie,  Goderich  (Ontario),  Windsor, 
tfice,  Martinique,  Cadiz,  Malaga,  Barcelona, 
?ayal,  Funchal,  Verviers,  Liege,  Munich, 
~tuttgart,  Mannheim,  Amsterdam,  Copenha- 
gen, Geneva,  Genoa,  Naples,  Leghorn,  Flor- 
nce,  Palermo,  Messina,  Jerusalem,  Tampico 
jaguayra,  Bahia,  San  Domingo. 


60 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Schedule  C. 

CLASS  SEVEN,  at  $1000  per  annum. 

1  each  at  Ceylon,  Gaspe"  Basin,  So.uthampton, 
Windsor  (N.  S.),  Stettin,  Nantes,  Venice,  Cape 
Haytien,  Sabanilla,  Guayaquil,  Batavia,  Para, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Ruatan  and  Truxillo  (to 
reside  at  Utilla),  Honduras,  Guaymas,  Zanzibar, 
Santiago  (Cape  Verd  Islands),  Tahiti,  Tal- 
cahuano  (Chili),  Apia. 


COMMERCIAL  AGENCIES. 

Schedule  C. 
St.  Paul  de  Loanda,  Lauthala.$1000  per  annum. 

Schedule  B. 
San  Juan  del  Norte $1000  per  annum. 

CONSULATES   AND   COMMERCIAL  AGENCIES   NOT 
INCLUDED  IN  SCHEDULES  B  OB  C. 

Compensation  made  up  from  fees  collected. 

I.  Consulates. — Algiers,  Alicante,  Amapala, 
Archangel,  Bathurst,  Bergen,  Bogota^  Bombay, 
Breslau,    Brunswick,   Buenaventura,   Carrara, 
Carthagena  (Spain),   Chihuahua,   Christiania, 
Ciudad  Bolivar,  Colonta,  Coquimbo,  Cordoba, 
Corunna,  Curacoa,  Denia,  Falmouth,  Galatz, 
Garnicha,    Ghent,    Gottenburg,    Guadaloupe, 
Guatemala,  Helsingfors,  Hobart  Town,  Iloilo; 
Laguna,    Lambayeque,  La  Paz  (Bolivia),  La 
Paz  (Mexico),  La  Union,  Londonderry,  Malta, 
Manila,  Manzanillo  (Mexico),  Mazatlan,  Me- 
rida,    Milan,    Minatitlan,   Monterey,   Moscow, 
New  Chwang,  Patras,  Pesth,  Puerto  Plata,  Pa- 
dang,  Paramaribo,  Plymouth,  Puerto  Cabello, 
Rheims,   Rio  Hacha,  Rosario,  San  Bias,   San 
Jose"  (Costa  Rica),  San  Jose  and  Cape  Saint 
Lucas,  Santander,  Santa  Martha,  Santos,  Sierra 
Leone,    Sonsonate,    Saint   John's    (Newfound- 
land), Saint  Martin,  Stockholm,  Sydney,  To- 
ronto, Teneriffe,  Trinidad   (Island),  Victoria, 
Warsaw,  Zacatecas. 

II.  Commercial  Agencies. — Antigua,  Baracoa, 
Belize,  Camargo,  Castelamare,  Crefeld,  Geeste- 
munde,  Grand  Bassa,  Guerrero,  La   Rochelle, 
Maracaibo,  Medellin,  Mier,  Nottingham,  Nuevo 
Laredo,  Oajaca,  Ottawa,  Pago   Pago,  Paso  del 
Norte,  Piedras  Negras,  Ponce,  Port  Stanley  and 
Saint  Thomas,  Presidio  del  Norte,  Rouen,  Sa- 
gua    la    Grande,    Saint    Bartholomew,    Saint 
Christopher,  Saint  Galle,  Saint  Georges,  Saint 
Helen's,  Saint  Marc,  Saint  Pierre  (Miquelon), 
San  Andres,  San  Juan  del  Sur,  Samana,  Stan- 
bridge,  Tetuan. 

The  following  sums  are  allowed  an- 
nually for  clerk-hire  at  the  consulates 
named : 

For  the  Consul  at  Liverpool,  $2500. 

For  the  Consuls-General  at  London,  Paris, 
Havana,  Shanghai,  and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  each, 
$2000. 

For  the  Consuls-General  at  Berlin,  Frank- 
fort, Vienna,  and  Kanayawa,  and  for  the  Con- 
suls at  Hamburg,  Bremen,  Manchester,  Lyons, 
Hong-Kong,  Havre,  and  Chemnitz,  each,  $1500. 


For  the  Consul-General  at  Montreal,  and  the 
Consuls  at  Bradford  and  Birmingham,  each, 
$1200. 

For  the  Consuls-General  at  Calcutta  and 
Melbourne,  and  for  the  Consuls  at  Leipsic, 
Sheffield,  Sonneberg,  Dresden,  Marseilles,  Nu- 
remberg, Tunstall,  Antwerp,  Bordeaux,  Colon, 
Glasgow,  and  Singapore,  each,  $1000. 

For  the  Consuls  at  Belfast.  Barmen,  Leitha, 
Dundee,  and  Matamoras,  each,  $800. 

For  the  Consul-General  at  Mexico,  and  for 
the  Consuls  at  Beirut,  Naples,  Stuttgart,  Flor- 
ence, Mannheim,  Prague,  Zurich,  Panama,  and 
Demerara,  each,  $600. 

INTERPRETERS. 

At  Shanghai,  $2000.  At  Tien-Tsin,  Foochow, 
and  Kanagawa,  each,  $1500.  At  Hankow, 
Amoy,  Canton,  and  Hong-Kong,  each,  $750. 

For  12  Interpreters  st  other  Consulates  in 
China,  Japan,  and  Siam,  each,  $500  per  annum. 

MARSHALS. 

For  the  Marshals  for  the  Consular  Courts  iu 
Japan,  China,  Siam,  and  Turkey,  $7000  per 


Consuls-General  and  Consuls  are  not 
allowed  to  hold  office  at  different  con- 
sulates. 

No  compensation  is  allowed  Vice-Con- 
suls or  Vice-Commercial  Agents,  except 
out  of  the  allowance  made  by  law  for 
the  principal  consular  officer  in  whose 
place  such  appointment  is  made.  When 
the  Consul  is  present  at  his  post  the  Vice- 
Consul  has  no  functions  or  powers,  but 
has  the  Consul's  powers  in  his  absence. 

Deputy- Consuls  are  consular  officers, 
subordinate  to  their  principals,  exercising 
the  powers  and  performing  the  duties 
within  the  limits  of  their  consulates  at 
the  same  ports  or  places  at  which  such 
principals  are  located.  Consular  Agents 
are  consular  officers,  subordinate  to  their 
principals,  exercising  their  powers,  etc., 
at  ports  or  places  different  from  those  at 
which  such  principals  are  located.  Com- 
mercial Agents  are  full,  principal,  and 
permanent  consular  officers,  as  distin- 
guished from  subordinates  or  substitutes. 


POWERS  AND  DUTIES  OF  CONSULS. 

They  have  the  right,  in  ports  or  places 
to  which  they  are  severally  appointed,  of 
receiving  the  protests  or  declarations 
which  captains,  masters,  crews,  passen 
gers,  or  merchants,  who  are  citizens  of 
the  United  States,  may  choose  to  make 
there;  and  also  such  as  any  foreigner 
may  choose  to  make  before  them  relative 


STATE  DEPARTMENT. 


61 


to  the  personal  interest  of  any  citizen  of 
the  United  States. 

Every  consular  officer  must  keep  a  de- 
tailed list  of  all  seamen  and  mariners 
shipped  and  discharged  by  him,  specify- 
ing their  names  and  the  names  of  the 
vessels  on  which  they  are  shipped,  and 
from  which  they  are  discharged,  and  the 
payments,  if  any,  made  on  account  of 
each  so  discharged ;  also  of  the  number 
of  the  vessels  arrived  and  departed,  the 
amounts  of  their  registered  tonnage,  and 
the  number  of  their  seamen  and  mari- 
ners, and  of  those  who  are  protected, 
and  whether  citizens  of  the  United  States 
or  not  5  and,  as  nearly  as  possible,  the 
nature  and  value  of  their  cargoes,  and 
where  produced,  and  make  returns  of  the 
same,  with  their  accounts  and  other  re- 
turns, to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

It  is  the  duty  of  Consuls  and  Vice- 
Consuls,  where  the  laws  of  the  country 
permit : 

First.  To  take  possession  of  the  per- 
sonal estate  left  by  any  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  other  than  seamen  belong- 
ing to  any  vessel,  who  shall  die  within 
their  consulate,  leaving  there  no  legal 
representative,  partner  in  trade,  or  trus- 
tee by  him  appointed  to  take  care  of  his 
effects. 

Second.  To  inventory  the  same  with 
the  assistance  of  two  merchants  of  the 
United  States,  or  for  want  of  them,  of 
any  others  at  their  choice. 

Third.  To  collect  the  debts  due  the 
deceased  in  the  country  where  he  died, 
and  pay  the  debts  due  from  his  estate 
which  he  shall  have  there  contracted. 

Fourth.  To  sell  at  auction,  after  reason- 
able public  notice,  such  part  of  the  estate 
as  shall  be  of  a  perishable  nature,  and 
such  further  part,  if  any,  as  shall  be 
necessary  for  the  payment  of  his  debts, 
and  at  the  expiration  of  one  year  from 
his  decease,  the  residue. 

Fifth.  To  transmit  the  balance  of  the 
estate  to  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States,  to  be  holden  in  trust  for  the  legal 
claimant;  except  that  if  at  any  time 
before  such  transmission  the  legal  repre- 
sentatives of  the  deceased  shall  appear 
and  demand  his  effects  in  their  hands, 
they  shall  deliver  them  up,  being  paid 
their  fees,  and  shall  cease  their  proceed- 
ings. 

They  must  immediately  notify  his 
death  in  one  of  the  gazettes  published  in 
the  consulate,  and  also  to  the  Secretary 
of  State,  that  the  same  may  be  notified  in 
the  State  to  which  the  deceased  belonged. 

When  any  citizen  of  the  United  States 


dying  abroad  leaves,  by  any  lawful  tes- 
tamentary disposition,  special  directions 
for  the  custody  and  management,  by  the 
consular  officer  of  the  port  or  place  where 
he  dies,  of  the  personal  property  of  which 
he  dies  possessed  in  such  country,  such 
officer  shall,  so  far  as  the  laws  of  the 
country  permit,  strictly  observe  such  di- 
rections. When  any  such  citizen  so 
dying  appoints,  by  any  lawful  testa- 
mentary disposition,  any  other  person 
than  such  officer  to  take  charge  of  and 
manage  such  property,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  officer,  whenever  required  by 
the  person  so  appointed,  to  give  his  official 
aid  in  whatever  way  may  be  necessary  to 
facilitate  the  proceedings  of  such  person 
in  the  lawful  execution  of  his  trust,  and, 
so  far  as  the  laws  of  the  country  permit, 
to  protect  the  property  of  the  deceased 
from  any  interference  of  the  local  au- 
thorities of  the  country  where  such  citi- 
zen dies  ;  and  to  this  end  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  such  consular  officer  to  place  his 
official  seal  upon  all  of  the  personal  prop- 
erty or  effects  of  the  deceased,  and  to 
break  and  remove  such  seal  as  may  be 
required  by  such  person,  and  not  other- 
wise. 


CONSULAR  OFFICERS  NOT  TO  CHARGE 
FOR  THEIR  SERVICES  TO  SEAMEN, 

Consular  officers  are  not  allowed  to 
charge  or  receive  any  compensation  for 
receiving  or  disbursing  the  wages  to 
which  any  seaman  or  mariner  is  entitled 
who  is  discharged  in  any  foreign  country, 
or  for  any  money  advanced  to  any  such 
seaman  who  seeks  relief  from  any  con- 
sulate ;  nor  derive  any  profit  from  cloth- 
ing, boarding,  or  otherwise  supplying  or 
sending  home  any  such  seaman. 

NEGLECT  OR  OMISSION  OF  DUTY. 

Whenever  any  consular  officer  wilfully 
neglects  or  omits  to  perform  seasonably 
any  duty  imposed  upon  him  by  law,  or  by 
any  order  or  instruction  made  or  given 
in  pursuance  of  law,  or  is  guilty  of  any 
wilful  malfeasance  or  abuse  of  power,  or 
of  any  corrupt  conduct  in  his  office,  he 
shall  be  liable  to  all  persons  injured  by 
any  such  neglect  or  omission,  malfeas- 
ance, abuse,  or  corrupt  conduct,  for  all 
damages  occasioned  thereby ;  and  for  all 
such  damages  he  and  his  sureties  on  his 
official  bond  shall  be  responsible  thereon 
to  the  full  amount  of  the  penalty  thereof, 
to  be  sued  in  the  name  of  the  United 
States. 


62 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Consuls  have  no  representative  or  dip- 
lomatic character,  except  under  inter- 
national agreement,  and  cannot  claim 
for  themselves,  their  families,  or  prop- 
erty, the  privileges  of  exemption  which 
are  accorded  to  diplomatic  agents.  They 
are,  however,  under  the  protection  of 
the  Law  of  Nations.  They  may  raise 
the  flag  and  place  the  arms  of  the  United 
States  over  their  gates  and  doors.  They 
have  jurisdiction  over  disputes  between 
masters,  officers,  and  crews  in  vessels  of 
the  United  States,  including  questions  of 
wages,  by  agreement  with  many  nations, 
but  not  by  right ;  also  the  right  to  reclaim 
deserters  from  such  vessels ;  also  with 
powers  to  adjust  matters  of  salvage  and 
damage  by  wreck.  Consuls  have  exclu- 
sive jurisdiction  over  crimes  and  offences 
committed  by  citizens  of  the  United  States 
in  some  countries,  and  in  others  they  as- 
sist in  their  trial.  They  also  have  juris- 
diction over  civil  disputes  in  certain 
countries. 


MASTERS   MUST    DEPOSIT   REGISTERS 
WITH  CONSUL. 

Every  master  of  an  American  vessel 
on  his  arrival  at  a  foreign  port  must 
deposit  his  register  with  the  consular 
officer  of  the  United  States,  if  there  be 
one  at  the  port,  under  a  penalty  of  $500. 
When  the  ship's  p'apers  are  received  by 
the  Consul  they  are  to  be  kept  in  a  safe 
place,  and  the  Consul  must  give  a  receipt 
therefor  under  seal,  and  make  an  entry 
in  his  record,  specifying  the  time  of  de- 
livery, the  name  of  the  vessel,  the  master, 
and  the  character  of  the  papers.  When- 
ever the  master  produces  the  proper  clear- 
ance papers,  and  pays  the  fees  due  to  the 
consular  officer,  and  also  three  months' 
pay  additional  to  wages  due  for  every 
seaman  discharged  at  his  port,  and  shall 
take  on  board,  at  the  request  of  the  con- 
sular officer,  such  destitute  mariners  as 
he  may  designate  for  transportation  to 
the  United  States,  then  the  ship's  papers 
will  be  returned. 

SALE  OR  TRANSFER  OF  VESSELS  AT  A 
FOREIGN  PORT. 

In  case  of  a  sale  or  transfer  of  an 
American  vessel  in  a  foreign  port  or 
water,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Consul  to 
collect  from  the  master  or  agent  of  the 
vessel  for  hospital  duty  40  cents  per 
month  for  each  seaman  employed  on  the 
vessel  from  the  date  of  its  last  entry  into 
any  port  of  the  United  States,  as  pay- 


ment of  hospital  dues  there,  and  to  return 
the  same  to  the  Fifth  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury. 

ENGAGEMENT  OF  SEAMEN. 

The  engagement  of  seamen  by  masters 
of  American  merchant  ships  in  a  foreign 
port  must  be  made  before  the  United 
States  Consul  or  Commercial  Agent,  and 
have  his  sanction. 

CONSULS  THE  GUARDIANS  OF  AMERI- 
CAN SEAMEN. 

Consuls  are  the  lawfully  authorized 
guardians  of  American  seamen  in  foreign 
ports,  hear  and  examine  his  complaints, 
and  afford  him  the  only  protection  or 
measure  of  justice  which  the  representa- 
tives of  his  country  can  give  him  on  for- 
eign soil 

RELIEF  OF  DESTITUTE  SEAMEN. 

Seamen  of  the  United  States,  destitute 
in  a  foreign  port,  are  entitled  to  relief, 
deserters  as  well  as  those  who  have  been 
discharged.  The  relief  is  afforded  by 
United  States  Consuls  at  the  expense  of 
the  Government,  and  comprises  lodgings, 
subsistence,  clothing,  medical  attendance 
and  medicines,  and  transportation  to  the 
United  States.  All  masters  and  com- 
manders of  vessels  or  ships  belonging  to 
American  citizens  bound  to  a  port  in  the 
United  States  are  required  by  law  to 
take  such  seamen  on  board  their  vessels, 
at  the  request  of  a  Consul,  and  transport 
them  to  the  port  to  which  bound,  the 
charge  therefor  not  to  exceed  $10  for 
each  seaman.  It  is  the  duty  of  consu- 
lar officers  to  send  to  the  United  States 
all  American  seamen  found  destitute 
within  their  districts.  They  may  con- 
tract with  masters  of  foreign  vessels  for 
that  purpose,  when  opportunities  in 
American  vessels  do  not  offer. 


COMPLAINTS  OF  SEAMEN  OF  BAD  PRO- 
VISIONS OR  WATER. 

When  three  or  more  of  a  crew  of  any 
merchant  ship  of  the  United  States  make 
complaint  to  an  American  consular  officer 
that  the  provisions  or  water  for  the  use 
of  the  crew  are  of  bad  quality,  and  unfit 
for  use,  or  deficient  in  quantity,  he  must 
examine  the  same ;  and  if  he  finds  them 
as  represented  by  the  seamen,  notify  the 
fact  to  the  master  of  the  ship.  If  the 
master  does  not  then  provide  other  and 
proper  provisions  and  water,  he  is  liable 


STATE  DEPARTMENT. 


63 


to  a  penalty  of  $100.  But  if  the  Consul 
certifies  that  the  complaint  was  unrea- 
sonable, each  complainant  is  liable  to 
forfeit  to  the  master  or  owner  one  week's 
wages. 

DESERTERS. 

In  all  cases  where  deserters  are  appre- 
hended, it  is  the  duty  of  the  consular 
officer  to  inquire  into  the  facts ;  and  if 
satisfied  that  the  desertion  was  caused  by 
cruel  treatment,  the  mariner  shall  be 
discharged,  and  receive,  in  addition  to 
his  wages  due  to  the  time  of  his  dis- 
charge, three  months'  pay. 

WRECKS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  consular  officers,  in 
cases  where  ships  or  vessels  of  the  United 
States  are  stranded  on  the  coasts  of  their 
respective  consulates,  to  take  proper 
measures,  so  far  as  the  laws  of  the  coun- 
try permit,  for  saving  such  ships  or  ves- 
sels, their  cargoes  and  appurtenances, 
storing  and  securing  the  effects  and  mer- 
chandise saved,  and  taking  inventories 
thereof,  the  same  to  be  delivered  to  the 
owners  after  deducting  expenses ;  but  not 
in  cases  where  the  master,  owner,  or 
consignee  is  present. 

NEW  INVENTIONS  AND  DISCOVERIES. 

If  a  consular  officer  sees  new  inven- 
tions or  improvements,  or  new  seeds  or 
plants,  he  must  give  the  Department  such 
information  about  them  as  he  may  be 
able  to  obtain,  and  send  such  specimens 
of  seeds  and  plants  as  he  can,  without 
cost  to  the  Government.  Consular  officers 
must  communicate  any  useful  and  inter- 
esting information  relating  to  agriculture, 
manufactures,  population,  and  public 
works  ;  to  scientific  discoveries  ;  to  prog- 
ress in  the  useful  arts,  and  to  general 
statistics  in  foreign  countries ;  note  all 
events  occurring  which  may  affect,  bene- 
ficially or  otherwise,  the  navigation  and 
commerce  of  the  United  States ;  the  es- 
tablishment of  new  branches  of  industry, 
and  the  increase  or  decline  of  those  before 
established,  and  communicate  all  infor- 
mation calculated  to  benefit  our  com- 
merce or  other  interests. 

CONSULAR  JURISDICTION. 
The  power  of   commencing   original 


civil  and  criminal  proceedings  is  vested 
in  consular  officers  exclusively,  except  in 
capital  cases  for  murder  or  insurrection, 
or  offences  against  the  public  peace 
amounting  to  felony,  which  are  tried  be- 
fore the  Minister  of  the  United  States  in 
the  country  where  the  offence  is  commit- 
ted, if  allowed  jurisdiction.  They  can 
determine  all  criminal  cases  where  the 
fine  imposed  does  not  exceed  $500,  or  im- 
prisonment not  exceeding  ninety  days. 
They  can  have  exclusive  jurisdiction  in 
civil  proceedings,  where  the  damage  de- 
manded does  not  exceed  $500.  When  it 
exceeds  that  sum,  the  Consul  must  sum- 
mon associates  to  hear  the  case  with  him  ; 
the  Consul,  however,  to  give  the  judg- 
ment. The  decisions  of  Consuls  in  crimi- 
nal cases  may  be  appealed  to  the  Minister, 
when  the  tine  exceeds  $100,  or  ninety 
days'  imprisonment. 

Consuls  also  have  many  other  duties, 
respecting  authentication  of  invoices, 
market  values,  sampling,  declarations, 
verification  and  oaths,  quantities,  weights 
and  measures,  of  goods,  wares,  and  mer- 
chandise imported  into  the  United  States. 

CONSULAR  CLERKS. 

The  President  is  authorized,  after  ex- 
amination, to  appoint  not  exceeding  thir- 
teen consular  clerks,  and  they  can  be 
removed  only  for  cause  stated  in  writing, 
and  submitted  to  Congress  at  the  session 
first  following  such  removal.  They  are 
entitled  to  a  compensation  not  exceeding 
$1000  a  year ;  but  those  who  have  served 
continuously  for  a  period  of  five  years 
shall  receive  a  salary  of  $1200  a  year. 
They  may  be  assigned  to  different  consu- 
lates from  time  to  time.  They  are  sub- 
ordinate to  the  Consul-General,  Vice-  or 
Deputy-Consul-General,  Consul,  or  Vice- 
or  Deputy-Consul  at  the  post  as  the  case 
may  be. 

The  list  of  these  consular  clerks  is  as 
follows : 

Per  Annum. 

1  at  Algiers $1200 

1  at  Berlin 1200 

1  at  Cairo 1200 

2  at  Havana,  each 1200 

1  at  Honolulu 1000 

1  at  Liverpool 1000 

2  at  Paris,  each 1000 

1  at  Pago  Pago 1000 

1  at  Rome 1200 

1  at  Shanghai 1200 


TEEASUET  DEPAETMENT. 


OUTLINE   OF   ITS   ORIGIN. 

The  first  Congress  of  Delegates  was 
held  at  Carpenters'  Hall,  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  on  the  5th  of  September, 
1774.  On  the  17th  of  February,  1776,  at 
the  third  session  of  that  Congress,  the 
germ  of  the  Treasury  Department  was 
originated,  by  passing  a  resolution  for  the 
appointment  of  a  standing  committee  of 
five  for  superintending  the  Treasury,  and 
detailing  the  duties  devolving  on  the  com- 
mittee. 

On  the  1st  of  April,  1776,  it  was  re- 
solved, that  a  Treasury  Office  of  Accounts 
be  established,  and  that  such  office  be  kept 
in  the  city  or  place  where  Congress  should 
be  assembled ;  and  that  said  Office  of 
Accounts  be  under  direction  and  superin- 
tendence of  the  standing  committee  of 
the  Treasury,  detailing,  also,  the  func- 
tions to  be  performed  in  the  Office  of  Ac- 
counts. 

On  the  26th  of  September,  1778,  Con- 
gress, by  resolution,  established  the  offices 
of  Comptroller,  Auditor,  Treasurer,  and 
two  Chambers  of  Accounts,  to  consist  of 
three  commissioners  each,  all  of  whom  to 
be  appointed  by  Congress  annually. 

On  the  llth  of  February,  1779,  the 
office  of  "  Secretary  of  the  Treasury"  was 
established  by  resolution,  with  a  salary 
of  32000  a  year,  but  without  designating 
the  duties  of  that  office,  which  endured 
but  a  few  months. 

On  the  30th  of  July,  1779,  an  ordinance 
was  passed  for  establishing  a  Board  of 
Treasury,  and  the  proper  officers  for 
managing  the  finances,  consisting  of  five 
commissioners  for  the  Board  of  Treas- 
ury, an  Auditor-General,  and  six  Audi- 
tors of  the  Army ;  in  which  ordinance 
the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
was  dropped. 

On  the  7th  of  February,  1781,  a  reso- 
lution was  passed  providing  for  a  Super- 
intendent of  Finance,  a  Secretary  of  War, 
and  a  Secretary  of  Marine. 
64 


On  the  llth  of  September,  1781,  it  was 
ordered  that  from  and  after  the  20th  of 
said  month  the  functions  and  appoint- 
ments of  the  Commissioners  of  the 
Treasury,  Chambers  of  Accounts,  Audi- 
tor-General, Auditors,  and  extra  Com- 
missioners of  Accounts,  their  assistants, 
under-officers,  and  clerks,  should  cease 
and  determine;  that  for  the  more  effectual 
execution  of  the  business  of  the  Treas- 
ury and  the  settlement  of  public  ac- 
counts, the  following  officers  should  be 
appointed  in  aid  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Finance,  his  assistant  secretary  and 
clerks,  namely :  a  Comptroller,  a  Treas- 
urer, a  Register,  Auditors  (number  left 
to  the  option  of  the  Superintendent  of 
Finance)  and  clerks,  and  prescribing  their 
duties. 

On  the  28th  of  May,  1784,  an  ordinance 
was  passed  superseding  the  office  of 
Superintendent  of  Finance,  and  provid- 
ing for  a  board,  consisting  of  three  com- 
missioners to  be  appointed  by  Congress, 
to  superintend  the  Treasury  and  manage 
the  finances  of  the  United  States  5  which 
was  styled  the  Board  of  Treasury,  on 
whom  was  conferred  the  authority  to  ex- 
ercise all  the  powers  vested  in  the  Super- 
intendent of  Finance,  and  here  ended  the 
efforts  to  organize  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment under  or  during  the  Confedera- 
tion. 

On  the  2d  of  September,  1789  (during 
the  first  session  of  Congress  under  the 
Constitution,  commenced  on  the  4th  of 
March,  1789).  an  act  was  passed  estab- 
lishing the  Treasury  Department,  with 
the  following  officers,  namely:  a  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury,  a  Comptroller,  an 
Auditor,  a  Treasurer,  a  Register,  and  an 
assistant  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  act  then  designated  the  duties  of 
each  officer,  and  it  provided  for  the  set- 
tlement of  all  public  accounts,  both  pri- 
marily and  finally,  in  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment. 

The  act  of  May  8,  1792,  created  the 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


65 


office  of  an  Accountant  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  War :  that  officer  to  report  his 
settlement  of  accounts  for  the  inspection 
and  revision  of  the  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury  ;  it  abolished  the  office  of  assist- 
ant to  the  Secretary,  and  in  his  stead  cre- 
ated the  office  of  Commissioner  of  the 
Revenue,  to  collect  the  internal  duties 
and  direct  taxes,  and  to  execute  such 
other  services  as  should  be  directed  by 
the  Secretary  ;  and  it  authorized  the  Sec- 
retary to  have  two  principal  clerks. 

The  office  of  Commissioner  of  the  Rev- 
enue was  abolished  by  the  act  of  April 
6,  1802;  it  was  re-established  by  the 
act  of  July  24,  1813,  and  again  abol- 
ished by  the  act  of  December  23,  1817. 

On  the  25th  of  April,  1812,  an  act  for 
the  establishment  of  a  General  Land 
Office  in  the  Department  of  the  Treasury 
created  the  office  of  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office,  and  devolved  upon 
him,  under  the  direction  of  the  head  of 
the  Department,  all  such  duties  respect- 
ing the  public  lands  of  the  United  States, 
and  other  lands  patented  or  granted  by 
the  United  States  as  had  been  directed  by 
law  to  be  performed  in  the  office  of  the 
Secretary  of  State,  of  the  Secretary  and 
the  Register  of  the  Treasury,  and  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  or  which  should  there- 
after, by  law,  be  assigned  to  said  office. 

PRESENT  ORGANIZATION. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  the 
head  of  the  Treasury  Department. 

There  are  two  Assistant  Secretaries  at 
a  compensation  of  $4500  a  year  each. 

The  Treasury  Department  is  divided 
into  the  following  offices  and  bureaus : 

Office  of  the  Secretary,  including  eight 
regular  divisions;  besides  the  Chief 
Clerk's  Office;  the  office  of  the  Custodian 
of  the  building ;  and  Special  Agents' 
Division ;  the  Secret  Service,  and  the 
Division  of  Captured  and  Abandoned 
Property,  Lands,  etc.;  BureA^of  En- 

f  raving  and  Printing ;  Bureau  of  the 
lint ;  Office  of  the  Supervising  Archi- 
tect ;  Supervising  Inspector-General  of 
Steam  Vessels ;  Office  of  the  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Life-Saving  Service  ;  Office 
of  the  Light-House  Board ;  Supervising 
Surgeon-General  of  Marine  Hospitals ; 
First  Comptroller;  Second  Comptroller; 
Commissioner  of  Customs ;  First  Au- 
ditor ;  Second  Auditor ;  Third  Auditor  ; 
Fourth  Auditor;  Fifth  Auditor;  Sixth 
Auditor ;  Treasurer  ;  Register ;  Comp- 
troller of  the  Currency ;  Commissioner 
of  Internal  Revenue ;  Coast  Survey. 


In  the  bureaus  of  the  Treasury  De- 
partment (exclusive  of  the  Bureau  of 
Engraving  and  Printing)  there  are  em- 
ployed at  Washington,  in  round  numbers, 
1600  males  and  600  females  ;  in  the  Bu- 
reau of  Engraving  and  Printing,  450 
males  and  460  females ;  making  a  total 
of  2050  males  and  1060  females. 


POWERS  OF  THE  TREASURY  DEPART- 
MENT. 

All  claims  and  demands  whatever  by 
the  United  States  or  against  them,  and 
all  accounts  whatever  in  which  the 
United  States  are  concerned,  either  as 
debtors  or  as  creditors,  are  settled  and 
adjusted  in  the  Treasury  Department. 

The  fiscal  year  in  all  matters  of  ac- 
counts, receipts,  expenditures,  estimates, 
and  appropriations  commences  on  the 
first  of  July. 

The  commissions  of  all  officers  em- 
ployed in  levying  or  collecting  the  public 
revenue  are  made  out  and  recorded  in 
the  Treasury  Department. 

Separate  accounts  of  all  moneys  re- 
ceived from  internal  taxes  in  each  State, 
Territory,  and  collection  district,  and  of 
the  amount  of  each  species  of  tax,  must 
be  kept  in  the  Treasury  Department. 

Neither  the  Secretary,  First  Comp- 
troller, First  Auditor,  Treasurer,  nor  Reg- 
ister can  be  concerned  in,  interested  in,  or 
carry  on,  directly  or  indirectly,  any  trade 
or  commerce,  or  be  owner  in  whole  or 
in  part  of  any  sea  vessel,  or  purchase 
any  public  lands  or  other  public  property 
or  any  public  securities  of  any  State  or 
the  United  States,  or  apply  to  his  own 
use  any  gain  or  emolument  for  negotia- 
ting or  transacting  any  business  in  the 
Treasury  Department,  other  than  what  is 
allowed  by  law,  under  penalty  of  a  fine 
of  $3000,  removal  from  office,  and  dis- 
qualification to  hold  any  office  under  the 
United  States. 

Every  clerk  is  forbidden  to  trade  in  the 
funds  or  debts  of  the  United  States,  or  to 
accept  any  compensation  for  negotiating 
or  transacting  any  business  in  the  De- 
partment, under  penalty  of  a  fine  of  §500 
and  removal  from  office. 


DUTIES  OF  THE  SECRETARY. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  to  pre- 
pare plans  for  the  improvement  and  man- 
agement of  the  revenue  and  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  public  credit ;  to  prescribe 
the  forms  of  keeping  and  rendering  all 


66 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


public  accounts;  to  grant  all  warrants 
for  moneys  to  be  issued  from  the  Treas- 
ury in  pursuance  of  appropriations  made 
by  Congress ;  to  report  to  the  Senate  and 
House  in  person  or  in  writing  informa- 
tion required  by  them  appertaining  to  his 
office,  and  to  perform  all  duties  relative 
to  the  finances  that  he  shall  be  directed  to 
perform. 

\'  The  Secretary  must  order  the  collec- 
tion, the  deposit,  the  transfer,  the  safe- 
keeping, and  the  disbursement  of  the  reve- 
nue; and  direct  the  auditing  and  settling 
the  accounts  thereof,  respectively. 

In  ordering  the  collection  of  the  reve- 
nue, the  receipt  and  disbursement  of  the 
same  from  the  Treasury ;  in  directing 
the  auditing  and  settling  the  accounts 
connected  therewith;  in  the  collecting 
and  registering  the  statistics  of  commer- 
cial and  manufacturing  operations,  and 
in  the  custody  of  the  archives  of  the  De- 
partment, he  has  the  aid  of  a  corps  of 
bureau  officers,  under  his  superintend- 
ence and  direction  ;  whose  duties  will  be 
hereafter  more  particularly  set  forth. 


CUSTOMS  AND   INTERNAL   REVENUE. 

He  is  authorized  to  direct  the  superin- 
tendence of  the  collection  of  the  duties 
on  imports  and  tonnage  as  he  shall  judge 
best,  and  in  the  exercise  of  this  power  he 
may  issue  such  instructions  and  regula- 
tions, and  prescribe  such  blank  forms  as 
may  be  necessary  ;  and  in  case  of  a  dif- 
ference of  construction  in  the  revenue 
laws  between  the  customs  officers  and 
importers,  the  decision  of  the  Secretary 
is  binding  upon  all. 

He  entertains  and  decides  all  appeals 
made  by  importers  from  the  decisions  of 
collectors  assessing  duties,  and  as  to  all 
fees,  charges,  and  exactions  on  the  ton- 
nage of  any  vessel  or  upon  imported 
merchandise. 

The  law  gives  him  discretionary  power 
in  fixing  the  compensation  of  many  offi- 
cers of  the  customs. 

He  may  abate  or  refund  duties  on  mer- 
chandise injured  or  destroyed  by  accident, 
fire,  or  other  casualty  while  in  the  custody 
of  officers  of  customs,  in'  private  or  public 
warehouse,  appraiser's  store  or  other- 
wise. 

He  designates  common-carriers  for  the 
transportation  of  merchandise  entered  at 
one  port  and  destined  for  another, — exact- 
ing bond  with  sufficient  sureties. 

He  may  remit  forfeitures  in  case  of 
sale  of  goods  seized  in  violation  of  cus- 


toms laws,  the  value  of  which  does  not 
exceed  $500,  and  restore  the  proceeds  to 
the  owner,  where  the  appeal  is  made 
within  three  months,  and  sufficient  proof 
is  furnished  that  the  forfeiture  was  in- 
curred without  wilful  negligence  or  intent 
to  defraud  the  revenue. 

He  may  make  awards  to  persona 
making  complaint,  and  who  prosecute 
to  judgment  or  conviction,  in  any  case 
of  fine,  penalty,  or  forfeiture  incurred 
for  violation  of  the  internal  revenue 
laws,  the  compensation  or  allowance 
which  may  be  forfeited  by  a  collector 
who  fails  in  his  duty  to  report  such  case 
to  the 'proper  district  attorney  within 
the  prescribed  time. 

He  may  restore  to  the  owner  proceeds 
of  goods  sold  by  Collectors  of  Internal 
Revenue,  where  the  amount  is  $500,  and 
application  is  made  within  one  year,  sat- 
isfactory proof  being  furnished  that  the 
owner  was  absent  from  the  United  States 
and  did  not  know  of  the  seizure,  and 
without  wilful  neglect  or  intention  to 
defraud. 

He  may  inquire  into  the  circumstances 
of  a  debtor  imprisoned  upon  execution 
issued  from  any  court  of  the  United 
States,  and  upon  satisfactory  proof  that 
he  is  unable  to  pay  the  debt,  and  that 
he  has  not  concealed  or  made  any  con- 
veyance of  his  estate  in  trust  for  himself 
or  with  intent  to  defraud  the  United 
States,  receive  from  such  debtor  any  deed, 
assignment  or  conveyance,  or  property 
or  collateral  security,  and  issue  his  order 
to  the  prison-keeper  to  discharge  the 
debtor. 

He  may  remit  fines,  penalties,  and  for- 
feitures incurred  by  a  vessel  or  upon 
merchandise,  where  the  sum  is  not  less 
than  $1000. 

He  prescribes  the  rules  and  modes  of 
remission  of  fines,  penalties,  and  forfeit- 
ures. 

He  may  afford  suitable  compensation, 
out  of  money  specially  appropriated,  in 
certain  cases,  under  the  customs  revenue 
laws,  to  officers  of  customs  and  other 
persons  who  detect  and  seize  goods  in 
act  of  being  smuggled,  or  which  have 
been  smuggled,  not  to  exceed  one-half 
of  the  net  proceeds  resulting  from  the 
seizure,  and  not  exceeding  in  any  case 
$5000. 

He  may  order  re-examination  and  re- 
liquidation  where  duties  have  been 
assessed  under  an  erroneous  view  of  the 
facts,  and  make  refund  of  the  amounts 
collected  in  excess  of  the  proper  amount 
to  be  collected. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


67 


SAFE-KEEPING    AND    DISBURSEMENT 
OF  PUBLIC  MONEYS. 

The  Secretary  directs  and  fixes  the 
penalty  of  all  bonds  given  by  disbursing 
officers  of  the  Treasury  Department ;  re- 
ceives deposits  of  gold  coin  and  bullion 
in  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  or 
Sub-Treasuries,  not  less  than  $20,  and 
issues  certificates  therefor,  in  denomi- 
nations of  not  less  than  $20,  and  may 
issue  certificates  representing  coin  in  the 
Treasury  in  payment  therefor,  not  to 
exceed  20  per  cent,  of  the  coin  and 
bullion  in  the  Treasury. 

He  must  publish  each  month  in  some 
newspaper  at  the  seat  of  Government  the 
last  preceding  weekly  statement  of  the 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  showing 
the  amount  to  his  credit  in  the  different 
banks,  in  the  Mint,  or  other  depositories. 
He  may  designate  any  officer,  giving 
bonds,  to  be  disbursing  agent  for  the 
payment  of  moneys  appropriated  for 
construction  of  public  buildings  in  the 
district  of  such  officer. 

He  may  designate  Collectors  of  Inter- 
nal Revenue  as  disbursing  agents  as  to 
expenses  in  connection  with  the  collection 
of  taxes  and  other  expenses  of  the  Inter- 
nal Revenue  service,  they  giving  bonds 
with  sufficient  sureties. 

He  may  designate  one  or  more  deposit- 
ories for  the  safe-keeping  of  money  col- 
lected under  the  Internal  Revenue  laws  ; 
and  he  may  designate  national  banking 
associations  as  depositories  of  all  public 
moneys,  except  moneys  received  from 
customs. 

He  may  employ  special  agents  to  be 
charged  with  the  disbursement  of  public 
money,  they  to  give  bond  in  such  form 
and  with  such  security  as  he  may  ap- 
prove. 

He  directs  the  deposit  of  public  money 
where  there  is  no  Assistant  Treasurer, 
under  such  regulations  as  will  insure  its 
safety ;  and  he  may  direct  examination 
to  be  made  of  the  books,  accounts,  and 
money  on  hand  of  the  several  deposit- 
ories, and  may  appoint  for  that  purpose 
special  agents,  and  fix  their  compensation 
not  exceeding  $6  per  diem  and  travelling 
expenses. 

He  is  authorized  to  direct  any  Nava 
Officer  or  Surveyor,  as  a  check  upon  an 
Assistant  Treasurer  or  a  Collector  of 
Customs,  and  any  Register  of  the  Land 
Office  as  a  check  upon  a  Receiver,  to  make 
examinations  of  books,  accounts,  returns 
and  money  in  the  hands  of  Assistanl 
Treasurers,  Collectors,  or  Receivers. 


THE  PUBLIC  CREDIT. 

He  may  issue  such  instructions  to  the 
ollectors,  Receivers,  Depositaries,  Offi- 
cers, and  others  who  may  receive  Treas- 
ury notes  and  United  States  notes,  or  who 
may  be  employed  in  the  preparation  and 
issue  of  the  same,  as  he  may  deem  best. 

He  may  purchase  and  provide  ma- 
chinery and  materials,  and  employ  such 
persons  as  may  be  necessary  in  the 
engraving,  printing,  and  execution  of 
United  States  notes. 

He  may  pay  at  par  and  cancel  any  six 
per  cent,  bonds  which  are  redeemable  ; 
and  he  may  anticipate  interest  on  the 
public  debt  not  exceeding  one  year.  He 
may  also  purchase  coin  with  bonds  of  the 
United  States,  at  such  rates  and  on  such 
terms  as  he  may  deem  most  advantageous 
to  the  public  interests. 

Whenever  it  appears  by  clear  proof 
that  any  interest-bearing  bond  has  been 
destroyed,  or  so  defaced  as  to  impair  its 
value,  without  bad  faith  on  the  part  of 
the  possessor,  and  such  bond  is  identified 
by  its  number  and  description,  he  may, 
under  proper  regulations,  issue  a  dupli- 
cate thereof,  having  the  same  time  to  run 
and  bearing  like  interest ;  and  in  case  a 
registered  bond  is  lost,  he  may  issue  a 
duplicate  bond  under  like  requirements. 
And  he  may  exchange  registered  for 
coupon  bonds. 

He  is  also  authorized  to  pay  at  par  and 
cancel,  with  any  coin  in  the  Treasury 
which  may  be  lawfully  applied  for  such 
purpose,  or  which  may  be  derived  from 
the  sale  of  any  bonds  authorized  to  be 
disposed  of,  any  six  per  centum  five- 
twenty  bonds  of  the  United  States  which 
shall  become  redeemable  by  the  terms  of 
their  issue,  and  the  interest  on  such  called 
bonds  will  cease  after  the  expiration  of 
three  months  from  date  of  the  notice. 


COMMERCE  AND  NAVIGATION. 

He  is  required  to  report  to  Congress 
annually,  on  the  first  Monday  of  Janu- 
ary, the  results  of  the  information  com- 
piled by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  showing 
the  condition  of  manufactures,  domestic 
trade,  currency,  and  banks  in  the  several 
States  and  Territories;  and  also  a  report 
showing  the  amount  of  money  collected 
from  seamen  on  account  of  hospital  tax  ; 
also  the  names  and  compensation  of  all 
persons  employed  in  the  Coast  Survey, 
with  full  statement  of  all  the  expenses 
incurred  by  that  service. 

He  is  required  to   apportion  the  cir- 


68 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


culating  notes  of  national  banking  asso- 
ciations among  the  several  States  and 
Territories,  in  a  specified  manner  and  in 
accordance  with  the  demands  of  trade. 

He  has  general  direction  of  the  coinage 
of  the  country,  the  mints,  and  assay  of 
metals  and  bullion,  which  is  under  the 
immediate  superintendence  of  the  Di- 
rector of  the  Mint;  also  the  distribution, 
circulation,  and  redemption  of  gold, 
silver,  and  minor  coins,  and  the  purchase 
of  metal  for  coinage,  and  recoinage  of 
foreign  coins  into  the  coinage  of  the 
United  States. 

The  Secretary  prescribes  regulations 
for  killing  in  Alaska  Territory  and  ad- 
jacent waters  of  m-inks,  martins,  sable, 
and  other  fur-bearing  animals,  and  to 
provide  for  the  execution  of  the  law  for 
the  protection  of  fur-bearing  animals  in 
Alaska.  And  he  may  direct  the  arrest 
of  persons  and  the  seizure  of  vessels  or 
of  merchandise  subject  to  fines,  penalties, 
or  forfeitures  under  the  laws  extending 
protection  to  such  animals,  and  may 
remit  such  fines  as  in  other  cases. 

He  is  authorized  to  lease  after  expira- 
tion or  forfeiture  of  the  present  lease  of 
the  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  under 
act  of  July  1,  1870,  to  responsible  par- 
ties, the  right  of  taking  fur  seals  on  the 
islands  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  George  for 
twenty  (20)  years,  for  a  sum  of  not  less 
than  $50,000  per  year,  upon  giving  a 
bond  with  securities  in  a  sum  not  less 
than  $500,000,  conditioned  upon  the  faith- 
ful observance  of  all  laws  of  Congress 
and  regulations  of  the  Treasury  bearing 
upon  the  subject;  and  he  may  vacate 
any  such  lease  for  violation  of  the  pro- 
visions of  the  law,  and  is  authorized  to 
employ  one  agent  and  three  assistant 
agents  on  the  seal  islands. 

He  may  suspend  the  act  prohibiting 
importation  of  neat  cattle,  whenever  he 
shall  have  determined  that  the  importa- 
tions will  not  introduce  and  spread  con- 
tagious or  infectious  diseases  among  cat- 
tle in  the  United  States. 

He  may  issue  enrolments  to  vessels 
built  in  foreign  countries,  when  wrecked 
in  the  United  States  and  purchased  and 
repaired  by  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
when  the  repairs  equal  three-fourths  of 
the  cost  of  the  vessel.  He  shall  cause 
blank  certificates  of  registry,  and  other 
papers  and  forms  to  be  furnished  to  col- 
lectors of  districts,  attested  under  the  seal 
of  the  Treasury  and  the  hand  of  the  Reg- 
ister. He  has  power  to  direct  a  Collector 
to  grant  a  new  certificate  of  registry  to  a 
vessel  so  sold  and  transferred  by  process 


of  law,  and  the  register  has  been  obtained 
by  a  former  owner,  when  satisfied  that 
the  law  has  been  complied  with. 

He  may  prescribe  regulations  for  num- 
bering registered,  enrolled,  and  licensed 
vessels.  He  may  cause  license  to  be 
granted  to  yachts  employed  as  pleasure 
vessels,  which  are  designed  as  models  of 
naval  architecture,  on  such  terms  as  will 
permit  their  sailing  from  port  to  port 
without  clearing  from  the  custom-house, 
upon  a  bond  being  given  with  sufficient 
sureties,  conditioned  that  the  vessels  shall 
not  engage  in  any  unlawful  trade. 

He  has  the  control,  direction,  and  estab- 
lishment of  life-saving  stations,  and  the 
appointment  of  superintendents,  assistant 
superintendents,  keepers,  and  other  em- 
ployes of  the  life-saving  service,  and 
may  give  all  necessary  instructions  in 
relation  to  the*  same.  He  may  establish 
life-saving  stations  at  such  light-houses  as 
he  may  deem  best ;  and  he  may  cause  to 
be  prepared  medals  of  honor  with  suit- 
able devices,  of  the  first  and  second  class, 
to  be  bestowed  upon  persons  who  may 
endanger  their  lives  in  saving,  or  endeav- 
oring to  save  lives  from  the  perils  of  the 
sea,  within  the  United  States  or  upon 
American  vessels. 

He  may  authorize  any  surveyor  of  any 
port  of  delivery  to  enrol  and  license  ves- 
sels engaged  in  the  coastwise  trade  and 
fisheries,  in  like  manner  as  collectors. 

He  is  required  to  direct  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  steamboat  inspection  laws. 

He  is  ex-officio  president  of  the  Light- 
House  Board,  and  may  convene  the  Board 
when  the  exigencies  of  the  service  re- 
quire it ;  and  they  discharge,  under  his 
superintendence,  the  administrative  duties 
relating  to  the  construction,  administra- 
tion, inspection,  and  care  of  light-houses, 
and  all  vessels,  beacons,  buoys,  sea- 
marks, and  other  appendages.  lie  is 
authorized  to  assign  Collectors  of  Cus- 
toms as  superintendents  of  light-houses, 
beacons,  etc. 

He  may  remit  fines,  penalties,  and 
forfeitures  under  the  provisions  relating 
to  registering,  recording,  enrolling,  or 
licensing  of  vessels,  and  direct  the  dis- 
continuance of  prosecution  on  such  terms 
as  he  may  deem  reasonable. 

PUBLIC  ACCOUNTS. 

He  must  require  all  accounts  to  be  set- 
tled each  fiscal  year,  except  in  certain 
cases  in  his  discretion.  He  must  lay 
before  Congress  each  session  the  reports 
of  the  Auditors,  showing  the  application 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


69 


of  appropriations  made  for  the  War  and 
Navy  Departments,  also  abstracts  and 
tabulated  forms  showing  separate  ac- 
counts of  moneys  received  from  internal 
duties. 

He  must  also  transmit  to  Congress 
copies  of  each  of  the  accounts  of  the 
superintendent  of  the  Treasury  build- 
ings ;  also  all  amounts  expended  under 
the  head  of  "  contingent  expenses"  in 
the  several  Bureaus  of  the  Treasury  De- 
partment, all  amounts  paid  for  furniture 
and  repairs  of  furniture,  and  those  re- 
ceived from  the  disposal  of  furniture. 

Whenever  the  President  designates  an 
officer  to  perform  the  duties  of  another 
officer,  the  Secretary  must  cause  notice 
of  such  designation  to  be  given  to  all  the 
accounting  officers. 

There  are  many  other  specific  powers 
and  duties  conferred  upon  the  Secretary 
relating  to  the  public  credit,  the  safe- 
keeping and  disbursement  of  the  public 
moneys ;  to  commerce  and  navigation  ; 
to  accounts,  public  property,  and  miscel- 
laneous subjects,  including  appropriations 
and  payment  of  claims. 

PUBLIC  PROPERTY. 

The  rent  or  sale  of  any  unproductive 
lands  or  other  public  property  acquired 
under  judicial  process  or  otherwise,  in 
the  collection  of  debts  due  the  United 
States,  requires  the  Secretary's  approval. 
The  Secretary  may  direct  the  Solicitor  of 
the  Treasury  to  cause  a  stipulation  for 
the  discharge  of  any  property  owned  or 
claimed  by  the  United  States,  or  in  which 
the  United  States  has  an  interest,  from 
seizure  or  attachment,  as  security  or  sat- 
isfaction of  any  claim  made  against  such 
property,  in  any  judicial  proceeding 
under  the  laws  of  any  State,  district,  or 
Territory. 

The  Secretary  may  make  such  con- 
ditions in  the  interest  of  the  Government 
fur  the  preservation,  sale,  or  collection  of 
any  property  or  proceeds  thereof  which 
may  have  been  wrecked  or  abandoned, 
being  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
United  States,  which  ought  to  come  to 
the  United  States,  or  for  recovery  of  any 
moneys,  dues,  or  other  interests  lately 
in  possession  or  due  the  so-called  Con- 
federate States  or  its  agents,  and  now 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  by  any 
person  or  corporation,  and  allow  just 
and  reasonable  compensation  out  of  the 
money  or  property  to  any  person  giving 
information,  or  who  shall  actually  pre- 
serve, collect,  surrender,  or  pay  the  same. 


He  may  receive  on  the  same  terms  as 
the  original  bequest  of  James  Srnithson 
such  sums  as  the  Regents  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  may  see  fit  to  deposit, 
not  exceeding,  witfc  the  original  bequest, 
one  million  dollars. 

He  may  defer  the  operations  on  any 
public  buildings  for  which  an  appropria- 
tion has  been  made,  but  not  commenced, 
or  he  may  proceed  with  the  same  when, 
in  his  opinion,  the  public  interests  require 
it. 

He  may  set  aside  any  selection  made 
of  a  site  for  a  public  building  when,  in 
his  opinion,  the  location  was  not  made 
solely  with  reference  to  the  interests  and 
convenience  of  the  public  and  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

Before  any  new  buildings  for  the  use 
of  the  United  Spates  are  commenced,  the 
plans  and  full  estimates  therefor  must  be 
prepared  and  approved  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  the  Postmaster-General, 
and  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

FORCE  IN  SECRETARY'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk  (of  the  Department) $3000 

Chief  of  Division  of  Warrants,  etc 2750 

Chief  of  Division  of  Customs 2750 

6  chiefs  of  Division,  each 2500 

Assistant  chief  of  Division  of  Warrants.  2400 

2  assistant  chiefs  of  Division,  each 2100 

6         "  "  "  "    2000 

Stenographer  to  the  Secretary 2000 

2  disbursing  clerks,  each 2500 

3  clerks,  each 1900 

1800 

1600 

1400 

1200 

1000 

900 

840 

720 

2  conductors  of  elevators,  each 720 

43  laborers,  each 660 

1  captain  of  watch 1200 

2  lieutenants     "    each 900 

58  watchmen,  each 720 

1  engineer 1400 

1  assistant  engineer 1000 

1  machinist  and  gasfitter 1200 

1  storekeeper 1200 

6  firemen,  each 720 

75  charwomen  or  cleaners,  each 180 

ASSIGNMENT  OF  BUSINESS  AND  DU- 
TIES IN  THE  SECRETARY'S  OFFICE. 

FIRST  ASSISTANT   SECRETARY. 
The  general  supervision  of  all  the  work 
assigned   to  the   Divisions   of   Appoint- 
ments ;    Public    Moneys ;    Revenue   Ma- 
rine ;  Stationery,  Printing,  and  Blanks ; 


37 

25 

21 

15 

11 

50 

7  messengers,  each. 

7  assistant  messengers,  each. 


70 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Loans  and  Currency  ;  Bureau  of  Engrav- 
ing and  Printing ;  and  Bureau  of  the 
Mint. 

The  signing  of  all  letters  and  papers 
as  Assistant  Secretary,  or  "  by  order  of 
the  Secretary,"  relating  to  the  business 
of  the  foregoing  Divisions  and  Bureaus, 
that  do  not  by  law  require  the  signature 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  performance  of  such  other  duties 
as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary, 
or  by  law. 

SECOND   ASSISTANT   SECRETARY. 

The  general  supervision  of  all  the  work 
assigned  to  the  Divisions  of  Customs ; 
Special  Agents;  Internal  Revenue  and 
Navigation ;  Warrants,  Estimates,  and 
Appropriations ;  and  to  the  Offices  of 
Supervising  Architect ;  Supervising  Sur- 
geon-General of  Marine  Hospitals ;  Bu- 
reau of  Statistics;  and  Supervising  In- 
spector-General of  Steamboats. 

The  signing  of  all  letters  and  papers 
as  Assistant  Secretary,  or  "  by  order  of 
the  Secretary,"  relating  to  the  business 
of  the  foregoing  Divisions  that  do  not  by 
law  require  the  signature  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury,  and  the  signing, 
instead  of  the  Secretary,  of  certain  war- 
rants under  Section  246  of  the  Revised 
Statutes. 

The  performance  of  such  other  duties 
as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary,  or 
by  law. 

CHIEF   CLERK. 

The  supervision,  under  the  immediate 
direction  of  the  Secretary  and  Assistant 
Secretaries,  of  the  duties  of  the  clerks 
and  employe's  connected  with  the  Depart- 
ment. 

The  superintendence  and  custody  of 
all  buildings  or  parts  of  buildings  occu- 
pied by  the  Treasury  Department  in  this 
city,  and  supervision  over  the  force  which 
is  in  any  way  connected  with  the  care  of 
them  ;  the  transmission  of  the  mails  be- 
tween the  Department  and  the  Post-Of- 
fice ;  the  care  of  all  horses,  wagons,  and 
carriages  employed  in  the  transaction  of 
Departmental  business  ;  and  the  direction 
of  those  persons  employed  as  engineers, 
machinists,  firemen,  or  laborers,  who  are 
paid  from  the  appropriation  for  contin- 
gent expenses  of  the  Department. 

The  expenditure  of  the  appropriations 
for  contingent  expenses  of  the  Treasury 
Department ;  for  furniture  and  repairs 
of  same  for  public  buildings  under  con- 
trol of  the  Treasury  Department ;  for 


fuel,  lights,  water,  and  miscellaneous 
items  for  public  buildings  under  control 
of  the  Treasury  Department ;  the  keep- 
ing of  the  accounts  of  said  expenditures 
and  the  preparation  of  all  reports  relat- 
ing thereto,  the  supervision  of  the  ac- 
counts of  the  custodians  of  public  build- 
ings, and  the  keeping  of  an  account  of 
all  property  in  buildings  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  Treasury  Department. 

The  distribution  of  the  mail ;  the  cus- 
tody of  the  records  and  files  and  library 
of  the  Secretary's  Office,  the  answering 
of  calls  from  Congress,  other  Depart- 
ments, the  Court  of  Claims,  and  else- 
where, for  copies  of  papers,  records,  etc. 

The  compilation  and  publication  of  the 
monthly  digest  of  circulars  and  decisions 
of  the  Secretary. 

Supervision  of  all  the  official  correspond- 
ence of  the  Secretary's  Office,  so  far  as  to 
see  that  it  is  expressed  in  correct  and 
official  form  ;  the  enforcement  of  the 
general  regulations  of  the  Department, 
and  the  charge  of  all  business  of  the  Sec- 
retary's Office  not  assigned  to  some  one 
of  the  Divisions  or  Bureaus  attached  to 
the  office. 

DIVISION   OF  APPOINTMENTS. 

The  supervision  of  all  matters  relating 
to  the  appointment,  removal,  promotion, 
or  suspension  of  the  officers,  clerks,  mes- 
sengers, etc.,  under  the  control  of  the 
Treasury  Department,  and  the  custody 
of  papers  pertaining  thereto  ;  including 
the  examination  of  applications  and  rec- 
ommendations for  appointment  or  em- 
ployment, and  the  preparation  of  com- 
missions therefor  ;  the  examination  and 
investigation  of  all  complaints  and 
charges  against  officials  or  employe's, 
except  when  such  investigation  is  other- 
wise specially  directed  ;  the  preparation 
of  reports  required  by  law  to  be  laid  be- 
fore Congress  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  relative  to  the  employment 
and  compensation  of  persons  in  various 
branches  of  the  public  service ;  and  the 
preparation  and  publication  of  the  United 
States  Treasury  Register. 

Also  the  preparation  of  the  material 
for  the  Biennial  Register,  or  Blue  Book 
of  the  United  States,  so  far  as  the  Treas- 
ury Department  and  its  several  branches 
are  concerned. 

The  verification  of  all  pay-rolls  of  the 
Department  and  all  vouchers  for  salaries 
of  steamboat  inspectors,  custodians,  en- 
gineers, firemen,  and  janitors  ;  the  in- 
spection of  the  accounts  of  Internal 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


71 


Revenue  gaugers ;  and  the  examination 
of  all  estimates  for  salaries  and  compen- 
sation of  officers  and  employes,  and  of 
incidental  expenses  payable  from  the 
appropriation  for  collecting  the  cus- 
toms revenue  and  keeping  account 
thereof. 

The  keeping  account  of  absence  from 
duty  of  employes  in  the  several  Bureaus 
and  offices  of  the  Department,  and  the 
consideration  of  requests  for  leave  of 
absence. 

The  following  is  a  more  detailed  ac- 
count of  the  duties  and  business  of  the 
Appointment  Division : 

1.    THE     CUSTOM-HOUSE     ESTABLISH- 
MENT. 

There  are  131  Collection  Districts  and 
ports,  with  194  principal  or  Presidential, 
and  3530  subordinate  appointments ;  all 
of  which  are  made  out  and  recorded  in 
the  Division,  involving  a  great  number 
of  details.  The  testimonials  in  favor  of, 
charges  against  the  applicant  or  nominee, 
as  well  as  the  papers  for  and  against  the 
incumbent  of  the  office  (which  are  often 
voluminous),  are  examined  and  briefed 
for  the  Secretary's  information. 

The  papers  in  connection  with  Presi- 
dential appointments  under  the  Treasury 
Department  are  filed  in  this  office,  and  in 
cases  of  contest  they  are  very  volumi- 
nous, and  have  to  be  read,  arranged,  and 
briefed  ;  and  when  the  appointment  is  de- 
cided upon,  the  nomination  is  written  for 
the  President's  signature  and  transmitted 
to  the  Senate.  Then,  if  there  is  a  contest 
in  that  body,  additional  recommendations 
and  charges  are  filed,  which  have  to  be 
examined,  and,  if  called  for,  briefed  and 
sent  to  the  Senate.  Finally,  when  the 
nomination  is  confirmed  by  the  Senate, 
the  commission  is  made  out  and  recorded 
in  the  Appointment  Division. 

Minor  appointments  in  the  customs 
service  are  made  on  nominations  of  the 

Erincipal  officers  with  the  approval  of  the 
ecretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  in  many 
cases  their  compensation  is  determined 
by  the  Secretary. 

This  manner  of  making  appointments 
entails  a  large  amount  of  correspondence, 
and  requires  a  large  number  of  record 
books  to  be  kept. 

The  nomination  by  a  Collector  or  other 
principal  officer  of  a  person  for  a  minor 
appointment  is  not  approved  as  a  matter 
of  routine,  but,  under  the  law  and  regu- 
lations, often  involves  an  investigation 


of  the  character  and  qualifications  of  the 
nominee,  and  a  hearing  of  the  complaints 
against  and  commendations  in  favor  of 
the  incumbent  of  the  office,  if  there  be 
one. 

Every  one  of  these  appointments  is 
recorded  in  proper  registers,  and  all 
action  taken  in  respect  to  them  is  kept 
posted  up  to  date,  so  that  a  complete 
record  of  every  person  in  the  custom- 
houses of  the  country  is  always  at  hand. 
These  records  form  the  basis  of  the  pay- 
ments made  on  account  of  salaries,  and 
the  Collector's  estimates  for  funds  are 
verified  and  approved  upon  them. 

2.  APPOINTMENTS  IN  THE  DEPART- 
MENT  PROPER. 

There  are  about  3000  officers,  clerks, 
etc.,  in  the  Department  proper,  subject 
to  appointment ;  and  the  number  of 
changes  involved  in  one  year  is  very 
large.  The  great  number  of  places  in 
the  gift  of  the  Treasury  Department 
promises  so  strong  a  hope  for  appoint- 
ment that  many  thousands  of  applica- 
tions are  received  yearly. 

The  papers  must  be  arranged  and  filed 
for  ready  reference. 

A  record  of  all  changes  is  kept,  and  the 
pay-roll  of  each  and  every  Bureau  must 
be  verified  and  approved  by  the  Appoint- 
ment Division  before  payment  is  made. 


3.  INTERNAL  REVENUE  AND  OTHER 
BRANCHES  OF  THE  SERVICE. 

There  are  126  collectors  and  1870  store- 
keepers, gaugers,  and  inspectors  of  to- 
bacco in  the  Internal  Revenue  service; 
995  light-house  keepers",  and  several  hun- 
dred other  employes  in  the  light-house 
service  ;  204  revenue  marine  officers  ;  189 
superintendents  and  keepers  of  life-sav- 
ing stations  ;  and  224  persons  employed 
in  marine  hospital  service. 

There  are  9  Sub-Treasuries,  with  9 
Presidential  and  183  subordinate  ap- 
pointments ;  10  Steamboat  Inspection 
Districts,  with  10  Presidential  and  100 
subordinate  appointments;  27  principal 
officers  of  the  Mint;  137  janitors  and 
225  engineers,  firemen,  etc.,  employed  in 
the  various  public  buildings. 

All  these  appointments  are  made  out 
and  recorded  in  the  Appointment  Divi- 
sion. 

The  chief  of  the  Division  is  charged 
with  the  examination  of  complaints 
against  employes,  made  by  their  credit- 
ors, of  the  non-payment  of  bills  and 


72 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


accounts,  and  to  ascertain  the  facts  in 
each  case ;  and  if  the  debt  is  found  to 
be  just,  and  contracted  for  family  sup- 
plies, and  other  necessaries,  while  the 
employe  has  been  in  the  service  of  the 
Department,  the  chief  is  to  see  that  pay- 
ment is  made. 

The  reception-room  of  the  Appointment 
Office  is  always  open  to  the  public  and  to 
the  employe's  of  the  Department,  which 
fact,  taken  together  with  the  nature  of 
the  business  intrusted  to  it,  is  sufficient 
to  cause  a  large  number  of  callers,  all  of 
whom  must  be  answered  civilly  and  re- 
spectfully. The  majority  of  these  callers, 
of  course,  are  seeking  employment  for 
themselves  or  on  behalf  of  others ;  and 
it  is  difficult  to  convince  some  of  them 
of  the  impossibility  to  do  what  they  want 
done.  It  is  frequently  tedious  and  un- 
pleasant to  listen  to  the  tales  of  distress 
and  misfortune,  as  well  as  the  merits  and 
claims  of  the  applicants. 

From  twelve  to  fifteen  thousand  letters 
are  yearly  written  and  recorded  in  the 
Appointment  Division. 


DIVISION  OF  WARRANTS,  ESTIMATES, 
AND  APPROPRIATIONS. 

The  issue  of  all  warrants  for  the  re- 
ceipt and  payment  of  public  moneys,  and 
of  appropriation  and  surplus-fund  war- 
rants. 

The  preparation  and  keeping  of  all  ap- 
propriation, sinking  fund,  public  debt, 
and  Pacific  Railroad  accounts. 

The  compilation  and  publication,  for 
the  use  of  Congress,  of  the  annual  esti- 
mates of  appropriations  required  for  the 
service  of  all  Departments  of  the  Govern- 
ment, and  of  the  digest  of  appropriations 
made  at  each  session  of  Congress,  with 
the  designation  of  titles  under  which 
funds  may  be  drawn  from  appropria- 
tions. 

The  preparation  of  the  statements  of 
the  annual  receipts  and  expenditures  of 
the  Government,  and  of  the  tables  ac- 
companying the  annual  report  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  publication  of  the  monthly  state- 
ments of  the  public  debt,  and  the  prep- 
aration of  the  daily  statement  showing 
the  financial  condition  of  the  Treasury. 

The  preparation  of  statistical  tables 
relating  to  the  finances,  embracing  all 
information  connected  with  the  receipts 
and  expenditures  of  the  Government 
from  its  foundation  to  the  present  time  ; 
and  generally  all  matters  connected  with 
the  foregoing. 


HOW  MONEY  IS  RECEIVED  INTO  AND 
PAID  OUT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 
TREASURY. 

Under  the  regulations  of  the  Depart- 
ment, Collectors  of  Customs,  Collectors 
of  Internal  Revenue,  Receivers  of  public 
moneys  from  sales  of  land,  and  all  officers 
authorized  to  receive  moneys  due  to  the 
Government,  from  whatever  source  or 
account,  are  required  to  deposit  the  same 
daily  or  at  stated  periods,  according  to 
the  amounts  and  facilities  for  making 
deposit,  with  the  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States,  an  Assistant  Treasurer,  or  desig- 
nated Depositary,  which  is  usually  a 
national  bank.  The  officer  receiving  the 
deposit  then  gives  a  certificate  to  the 
collecting  officer  that  certain  sums  have 
been  deposited,  whereupon  he  forthwith 
forwards  the  certificate  of  deposit  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  whose 
office  it  is  compared  with  the  weekly 
transcript  or  statement  of  public  moneys 
received  on  deposit  made  and  sent  by 
the  Treasurer,  Assistant  Treasurer,  or 
Depositary.  The  Secretary  then  issues 
his  warrant,  which  is  an  order  directed 
to  the  collecting  officer,  commanding  him 
to  pay  the  money  into  the  Treasury. 
After  this  warrant,  which  is  called  a 
covering  warrant,  is  issued,  the  money 
cannot  be  drawn  out  of  the  Treasury, 
except  upon  an  appropriation  made  by 
act  of  Congress. 


REPAYMENT. 

When  a  disbursing  officer  of  the  Gov* 
eminent  has  on  hand  funds  advanced  to 
him  by  the  Secretary  from  an  appropri- 
ation, for  which  he  has  no  use,  that  is, 
an  excess  or  unexpended  balance  of 
money  which  he  was  to  disburse  for  cer- 
tain specified  objects,  and  those  objects 
having  been  completed,  he  must  deposit 
the  same,  as  above  described,  and  the 
certificate  of  deposit  takes  the  same  course 
as  a  deposit  of  revenues,  except  that  the 
amount  is  covered  to  the  credit  of  the 
appropriation  out  of  which  it  was  origi- 
nally drawn,  and  to  the  personal  credit 
of  the  officer.  If  moneys  so  deposited 
are  not  required  within  two  years  for  the 
objects  for  which  appropriated,  they  are 
then  carried  to  the  surplus  fund,  that  is, 
they  are  covered  into  the  Treasury,  and 
cannot  be  drawn  out  except  by  a  reappro- 
priation  made  by  law. 

Money  is  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  only 
when  an  appropriation  is  made  by  an  act 
of  Congress,  as  provided  by  the  Consti- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


73 


tution  of  the  United  States,  and  usually 
in  two  ways  only  : 

1st.  By  warrants  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  addressed  to  the  Treasurer 
of  the  United  States,  directing  him  to  pay 
to  disbursing  officers,  with  which  to  pay 
salaries  and  expenses  of  the  public  ser- 
vice. These  warrants  are  based  upon 
requisitions  from  heads  of  Departments 
having  charge  of  the  service  on  which 
account  the  money  has  been  appropriated. 
These  are  called  accountable  warrants. 

2d.  Warrants  drawn  in  the  same  man- 
ner in  favor  of  individuals,  corporations, 
firms,  etc.,  upon  accounts  settled  by  the 
accounting  officers  of  the  Government, 
to  satisfy  claims,  services  rendered,  and 
other  miscellaneous  demands.  These  are 
called  settlement  warrants. 

DIVISION  OF  PUBLIC  MONEYS. 

The  supervision  of  the  several  Inde- 
pendent-Treasury offices,  the  designation 
of  National  Bank  and  other  depositories, 
and  the  obtaining  from  them  of  proper 
securities. 

The  keeping  of  a  general  account  of 
receipts  into  the  Treasury,  the  classifica- 
tion of  such  receipts,  and  the  preparation 
of  lists  thereof  on  which  to  issue  cover- 
ing warrants. 

The  directing  of  all  public  officers,  ex- 
cept postmasters,  as  to  the  deposit  of  the 
public  moneys  collected  by  them. 

The  issue  and  enforcement  of  regula- 
tions governing  Independent-Treasury 
officers,  and  the  several  depositaries  and 
public  disbursing  officers,  in  the  safe- 
keeping and  disbursement  of  public 
moneys  intrusted  to  them. 

The  supervision  of  the  business  per- 
taining to  "outstanding  liabilities,"  the 
issue  and  payment  of  duplicate  checks, 
the  transportation  of  public  moneys  and 
securities,  and  expenses  thereof,  and  the 
expenses  of  the  Independent-Treasury 
offices. 

The  care  and  final  disposition  of  mon- 
eys arising  from  fines,  penalties,  and  for- 
feitures under  the  Internal  Revenue  laws. 

The  direction  for  special  transfers  of 
public  moneys;  and,  generally,  all  matters 
pertaining  to  the  foregoing. 

DIVISION  OF  CUSTOMS. 

The  examination  of  all  questions  aris- 
ing under  the  tariff  laws,  upon  appeals 
from  decisions  of  Collectors  of  Customs, 
involving  the  rates  and  amount  of  duties 
on  imports;  the  consideration  of  cases 


involving  errors  in  invoices  and  entries ; 
refund  and  abatement  of  duties ;  draw- 
back of  customs  duties  on  articles  man- 
ufactured in  the  United  States  out  of 
imported  material,  and  establishing  the 
rates  of  drawback. 

The  consideration  of  all  questions  aris- 
ing upon  the  construction  of  the  customs 
laws,  and  the  general  regulations  there- 
under, in  regard  to  the  entry,  appraisal, 
and  delivery  of  merchandise,  and  pay- 
ment of  duties  thereon  ;  correspondence 
with  consular  officers,  through  the  De- 
partment of  State,  in  regard  to  dutiable 
values,  invoices,  etc. ;  supervision  of  Ap- 
praisers in  securing  uniformity  of  valua- 
tion of  dutiable  merchandise  at  the 
various  ports ;  and  compromises  in  cus- 
toms cases. 

Supervision  of  the  seal-fisheries  in 
Alaska,  and  such  other  matters  in  that 
Territory  as  are  placed  by  law  in  charge 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

DIVISION     OF     INTERNAL     REVENUE 
AND   NAVIGATION. 

The  examination  of  petitions  for  the 
remission  of  fines,  penalties,  and  forfei- 
tures, under  the  customs,  internal  reve- 
nue, navigation  and  steamboat-inspection 
laws,  and  applications  for  compromise  of 
claims  in  favor  of  the  United  States,  ex- 
cept customs  cases. 

All  Internal  Revenue  business  coming 
before  the  Secretary's  office,  except  such 
as  relates  to  appointments. 

The  examination  of  questions  relating 
to  the  marine  documents,  entry,  clear- 
ance, hypothecation,  and  admeasurement 
and  tonnage  of  vessels,  tax  on  tonnage, 
fees  for  the  services  of  revenue  officers, 
and  the  transportation  of  merchandise  in 
vessels  ;  and,  generally,  all  business  con- 
nected with  the  foregoing. 

DIVISION  OF  LOANS  AND  CURRENCY. 

The  supervision  of  the  details  of  all 
matters  pertaining  to  loans  and  the  issue 
and  redemption  of  United  States  bonds  ; 
— including  the  details  of  negotiating 
United  States  interest-bearing  securities  ; 
the  preparation  of  orders  for  engraving 
and  printing  United  States  bonds ;  the 
original  issue  and  delivery  of  bonds ;  the 
preparation  and  distribution  of  circulars 
designating  bonds  for  redemption ;  the 
counting,  cancellation,  and  record  of 
bonds  received  for  redemption  ;  the  can- 
cellation and  record  of  coupon  bonds  re- 
ceived for  exchange  for  registered  stock, 


74 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


and  the  preparation  of  vouchers  for  the 
issue  of  registered  bonds ;  the  examina- 
tion and  record  of  transfers  of  registered 
United  States  securities  ;  notice  of  ca- 
veats filed  against  the  United  States  se- 
curities alleged  to  be  destroyed,  lost,  or 
stolen,  and,  in  connection  therewith,  the 
procuring  of  evidence  for  the  courts  and 
law  officers  of  the  Department,  and,  in 
case  of  reissue,  the  securing  of  the  requi- 
site indemnity  for  the  Government ;  the 
record  of  issues  of  gold  and  currency 
certificates,  and  their  cancellation  upon 
redemption ;  and  the  receipt,  counting, 
cancellation,  record,  and  destruction  of 
redeemed  District  of  Columbia  securities. 

The  supervision  of  all  matters  under 
the  immediate  charge  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  relating  to  the  counting, 
cancellation,  record,  and  destruction  of 
all  redeemed  and  mutilated  United  States 
notes  and  fractional  currency,  and  In- 
ternal Revenue  stamps  redeemed  or  mu- 
tilated in  printing. 

The  charge  of  the  distinctive  paper 
for  United  States  notes,  bonds,  and  cur- 
rency ; — embracing  its  receipt  from  the 
superintendent  at  the  manufactory  ;  its 
issue  upon  proper  requisitions  ;  the  keep- 
ing of  accounts  thereof  with  the  super- 
intendent at  the  manufactory,  the  Bureau 
of  Engraving  and  Printing,  the  various 
bank-note  companies,  the  Comptroller  of 
the  Currency,  the  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  Register  of  the  Treasury, 
and  other  necessary  accounts  to  show  the 
disposition  of  said  paper  from  the  time 
of  its  manufacture  until  its  final  destruc- 
tion as  redeemed  money  and  securities, 
or  mutilations ;  a  similar  account  of  all 
paper  used  for  Internal  Revenue  stamps 
from  the  time  of  its  receipt  by  the  super- 
intendent at  the  manufactory  until  its 
delivery  to  the  Commissioner  of  Internal 
Revenue  in  stamps ;  and,  generally,  all 
business  relating  to  the  foregoing. 

THE  DEBT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  great  war  debt  of  the  United  States 
was  contracted  in  less  than  four  and  a 
half  years.  In  1835  the  country  was 
entirely  oat  of  debt,  and  on  January  1, 
1861,  the  whole  debt  of  the  Union 
amounted  to  but  $66,243,721.  During 
the  next  six  months  it  increased  at  the 
rate  of  about  four  millions  a  month,  and 
on  the  first  day  of  July,  1861,  it  was 
$90,580,873.  During  the  next  year  it 
increased  at  the  rate  of  more  than  thirty- 
six  millions  per  month,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1862, 


it  had  reached  $524,176,412.  On  July  1, 
1863,  it  had  increased  to  $1,119,772,138. 
During  the  following  year  it  increased 
nearly  seven  hundred  millions,  reaching 
on  July  1,  1864,  the  sum  of  $1,815,784,- 
370.  During  the  next  nine  months,  to 
the  close  of  the  war,  April  1,  1865,  the 
debt  increased  at  the  rate  of  about  two 
millions  a  day,  or  sixty  millions  a  month  ; 
and  for  the  five  months  next  thereafter, 
at  the  rate  of  about  three  millions  a  day, 
or  ninety  millions  a  month,  reaching  its 
maximum  on  August  31,  1865,  at  which 
date  it  amounted  to  $2,845,907,626,  less 
cash  in  the  Treasury  of  $88,218,055,  and 
was  composed  of  the  following  items : 

Funded  debt $1,109,568,191.80 

Matured  debt 1,503,020.09 

Temporary  loans 107,148,713.16 

Certificates  of  indebtedness...  85,093,000.00 

Five  per  cent,  legal-tender 

notes 33,954,230.00 

Compound  interest  legal-ten- 
der notes 217,024,160.00 

Seven-thirty  notes 830,000,000.00 

United  States  notes  (legal- 
tenders) 433,160,569.00 

Fractional  currency 26,344,742.51 

Suspended  requisitions  un- 
called for 2,111,000.00 


Total $2,845,907,626.56 

This  table  shows  an  aggregate  of  more 
than  one  thousand  two  hundred  and 
seventy-five  millions  of  temporary  obli- 
gations of  the  Government,  of  which 
eight  hundred  and  thirty  millions  bore 
interest  at  7.30  per  cent,  annually. 

This  immense  amount  of  temporary 
obligations  was  funded  within  the  three 
years  which  followed  the  close  of  the  war. 

The  temporary  loans,  certificates  of 
indebtedness,  seven-thirty  notes,  and  all 
the  other  items  of  the  debt — except  the 
legal-tender  notes  and  fractional  cur- 
rency, which  have  been  largely  reduced 
— have  either  been  paid,  have  matured 
and  ceased  to  bear  interest,  or  have  been 
funded  into  five-twenty  six  per  cents,  of 
which  more  than  one  thousand  six 
hundred  millions  ($1,602,698,950)  were 
issued. 

The  acts  of  July  14,  1870,  and  January 
20,  1871,  authorized  the  issue  of  bonds 
for  the  purpose  of  refunding  the  five- 
twenty  six  per  cents.  The  former  act 
authorized  the  issue  of  fifteen  hundred 
millions  in  bonds,  two  hundred  millions 
of  which  were  to  be  five  per  cents  pay- 
able ten  years  after  date,  at  the  pleasure 
of  the  United  States,  three  hundred  mil- 
lions of  four  and  a  half  per  cents  payable 
in  fifteen  years,  and  one  thousand  mil- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


75 


lions  payable  in  thirty  years  from  the  date 
of  their  issue,  and  bearing  interest  at  the 
rate  of  four  per  cent,  per  annum.  The 
act  provided  that  these  bonds  should  not 
be  sold  for  less  than  their  par  value  in 
coin,  and  that  the  proceeds  should  be 
applied  to  the  redemption  of  the  five- 
twenty  bonds.  The  latter  act  increased 
the  amount  of  the  five  per  cent,  bonds  to 
five  hundred  millions,  but  provided  that 
the  whole  amount  of  bonds  issued  should 
not  exceed  the  amount  originally  author- 
ized: and  the  subsequent  act  of  January 
25,  1879,  authorized  the  refunding  or  ex- 
changing of  any  other  of  the  five  or  six 
per  cent,  bonds  which  were  redeemable 
at  the  pleasure  of  the  Government. 

The  whole  amount  of  the  funded  debt 
on  the  first  of  January,  1871,  was  $1,935,- 
342,700,  of  which  $1,437,097,300  con- 
sisted of  five-twenty  six  per  cent,  bonds, 
and  $194,567,300  of  ten-forty  five  per 
cent,  bonds.  On  the  first  day  of  August, 
1871,  nearly  sixty-six  millions  ($65,775,- 
550)  of  new  five  percent,  bonds  had  been 
subscribed  for.  During  the  same  month 
an  agreement  was  entered  into  by  the 
Secretary  with  Jay  Cooke  &  Co.  for  the 
sale  of  the  remaining  two  hundred  mil- 
lions of  said  bonds,  and  in  the  month  of 
January,  1873,  similar  arrangements  were 
made  for  the  sale  of  a  large  additional 
amount.  The  remainder  of  the  five  hun- 
dred millions  ($178,548,300)  was  sold 
during  the  next  three  years. 

On  August  24,  1876,  a  new  contract 
was  made  by  the  Secretary  with  A.  Bel- 
morit  &  Co.  and  associates,  for  the  sale 
of  the  three  hundred  millions  of  four  and 
a  half  per  cent,  bonds  authorized.  In 
this  contract  the  Secretary  reserved  the 
right  to  terminate  it  by  giving  ten  days' 


notice  to  the  contractors,  and  under  the 
contract  calls  were  made  prior  to  March 
4,  1877,  for  the  redemption  of  one  hun- 
dred millions  of  six  per  cents.  In  May, 
1877,  the  Secretary.,  availing  himself  of 
the  privilege  secured  in  the  contract, 
gave  notice  that  he  would  limit  the  sale 
of  four  and  a  half  per  cents  to  two  hun- 
dred millions ;  and  additional  subscrip- 
tions were  rapidly  made  until  that  amount 
was  taken. 

The  reduction  on  the  interest-bearing 
debt  of  the  United  States,  from  its  high- 
est point,  on  August  31,  1865,  to  Novem- 
ber 1,  1879,  is  $583,886,594,  of  which 
amount  $105,160,900  has  been  effected 
since  the  refunding  operations  were  com- 
menced on  May  1,  1871. 

At  its  highest  point  the  annual  interest 
on  the  debt  was  $150,977,697,  while  it  is 
now  $83,773,778  only.  There  has,  there- 
fore, been  a  total  reduction  in  this  charge 
of  $67,203,919  annually. 

The  total  annual  reduction  of  interest 
under  these  refunding  operations,  accom- 
plished since  March  1,  1877,  is  $14,290,- 
416,  while  the  saving  on  this  account 
growing  out  of  the  operations  of  the  year 
1879,  is  nearly  nine  millions  ($8,803,707), 
and  the  total  annual  saving  in  all  the 
refunding  operations  of  the  Government 
since  1871  is  nearly  twenty  millions 
($19,900,846).  These  funding  transac- 
tions are  believed  to  be  without  parallel 
in  financial  history. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  classi- 
fication of  the  unmatured,  interest-bear- 
ing bonded  debt  of  the  United  States  on 
August  31,  1865,  when  it  reached  its 
maximum,  and  on  the  first  day  of  July 
annually  thereafter,  together  with  the 
amount  outstanding  on  November  1, 1879 : 


Date. 

6  per  cent. 
Bonds. 

5  per  cent. 
Bonds. 

4J/£  per  cent. 
Bonds. 

4  per  cent. 
Bonds. 

Total. 

Auo-.  31,  1865  

$908  518  091 

$199  792  100 

$1,108  310  191 

July  1,  1866  

,008,388,469 

198,528,435 

1,206,916,904 

July  1,  1867  

421  110  719 

198  533  435 

1  619  644  154 

July  1,  1868  

,841,521,800 

221,588,400 

2,063,110,200 

July  1  1869  

,886  341  300 

221  589  300 

2  107  930  600 

July  1  1870 

764  932  300 

221  589  300 

1  986  521  600 

July  1,  1871  

,613  897,300 

274  236  450 

1  888  133  750 

July  1,  1872  

,374,883,800 

414,567,300 

1,789,451,100 

July  1,  1873  

,281,238,650 

414  567  300 

1  695  805  950 

July  1  1874 

213  624  700 

510  628  050 

1  724  95°  750 

July  1,  1875  

1,100,865,550 

607  132  750 

1.707  998,300 

July  1,  1876  

984,999,650 

711,685,800 

1,696,685,450 

July  1,  1877  

854,621.850 

703,266  650 

$140  000  000 

1  697  888,500 

July  1  1878 

738  619  000 

703  266  650 

240  000  000 

$98  850  000 

1  780  735  650 

July  1,  1879  

310,932,500 

646  905  500 

250  OOo'oOO 

679  878,110 

1  887  716,110  ' 

Nov.  1,  1879 

283  681  350 

508  440  350 

250  000  000 

740  845  950 

1  782  967  650  j 

76  THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  entire  transactions  in  refunding  since  1870  have  been  as  follows : 


Title  of  Loan. 

Rate 
per  ct. 

Amount  Refunded. 

Annual  Interest 
Charge. 

Loan  of  1858           

5 

$14  217  000 

] 

Ten-forties  of  1864 

5 

193  890  250 

-  $10,405,362.50 

Five-twenties  of  1862  

6 

401  143  750 

, 

Five-twenties  of  March,  1864  

6 

1,327,100 

Five-twenties  of  June,  1864  

g 

59  185  450 

6 

160,144,500 

i-    71  234  322  00 

Consols  of  1865  

6 

211,337,050 

Consols  of  1867  

6 

316,423,800 

Consols  of  1868.        

6 

37  677  050 

J 

Total 

$1  395  345  950 

$81  639  684  50 

In  place  of  the  above  there  have  been  issued  bonds  bearing  interest  as  follows : 


Title  of  Loan. 

Rate 
per  ct. 

Total  Issued. 

Annual  Interest 
Charge. 

Funded  Loan  of  1881  

5 

$500  000  000 

$25  000  000 

Funded  Loan  of  1891 

41 

185  000  000 

8  325  000 

Funded  Loan  of  1907,  including  refunding  cer- 

4 

710,345,950 

28,413  838 

Tota'  

$1,395,345  950 

$61  738  838 

The  following  table  shows  the  transactions  in  refunding  since  March  1,  1877, 
and  the  annual  saving  of  interest  therefrom  : 


Title  of  Loan. 

Rate 
per  ct. 

Amount  Refunded. 

Annual  Interest 
Charge. 

5 

$260,000 

Ten-forties  of  1864 

5 

193  890  250 

$9,707,512.50 

Five-twenties  of  1865  

6 

100,436,050 

Consols  of  1865 

6 

202  663  100 

Consols  of  1867  

6 

310,622,750 

39,071,742.00 

Consols  of  1868  

6 

37,473,800 

Total  

$845,345,950 

$48,779,254  50 

In  place  of  the  above  there  have  been  issued  bonds  bearing  interest  as  follows 


Title  of  Loan. 

Rate 
per  ct. 

Amount  Issued. 

Annual  Interest 
Charge. 

Funded  Loan  of  1891                                     .     .  .. 

4* 

$135  000  000 

$6  075  000 

Funded  Loan  of  1907,  including  refunding  cer- 
tificates 

4 

710  345  950 

28  413  838 

Total  

$845,345,950 

$34,488,838 

The  following-described  bonds  will  mature  in  1880  and  1881 : 


Authorizing  Act. 

Rate  of 
Interest. 

Date  of  Maturity. 

Amount. 

February  8,  1861  

6 

Dec.   31,  1880 

$18,415,000 

July  17  and  August  5    1861 

6 

June  30   1881 

182  605  550 

March  3,  1863  

6 

June  30,  1881 

71,787,000 

March  2    1861 

6 

July     1    1881 

823  800 

July  14,  1870,  and  January  20,  1871  

5 

May     1,  1881 

508,440,350 

Total  

$782,071,700 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT.  . 


77 


Of  these  bonds,  the  loan  of  February 
8,  1861,  maturing  December  31,  1880,  is 
payable  upon  the  demand  of  the  holders. 

Under  the  refunding  acts  of  July  14, 
1870,  and  January  20,  1871,  bonds  for 
refunding  purposes  were  authorized  in 
the  amount  of  $1,600,000,000.  Of  this 
amount  there  have  been  issued,  as  above 
stated,  $1,395,345,950,  leaving  available 
for  future  refunding  operations  $104,- 
654,050. 

There  is  no  legislative  authority  for 
refunding  $677,417,650  of  the  outstand- 
ing five  and  six  per  cent,  bonds  into  bonds 
bearing  a  lower  rate  of  interest,  but  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  recommended, 
in  December,  1879,  that  authority  be 


granted  to  issue  four  per  cent,  bonds  for 
refunding  the  same,  and  a  bill  was  intro- 
duced in  Congress  for  that  purpose. 

If  this  portion  of  the  public  debt 
should  be  refunded  into  four  per  cent, 
bonds,  it  would  reduce  the  annual  in- 
terest charge  about  eleven  millions  of 
dollars. 


BONDS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  original  issues  of  the  bonds  of  the 
United  States  under  the  several  author- 
izing acts  of  Congress  enumerated  below 
are  divided  into  COUPON  and  REGISTERED 
Bonds.  Of  these  issues  the  following  are 
the 


Bonds  Outstanding  and  Bearing  Interest  on  December  1,  1879. 


Title  of  Loan  and  Authorizing  Act 

Denominations. 

Rate  of 
Interest 

When  Redeemable  or  Payable. 

OREGON  WAR  LOAN  : 
March  2,  1861—  Coupon  

SIXES  OF  1880  : 
Feb.  8,  1861—  Coupon  
Registered... 

SIXES  OP  1881  : 
July  17  and  August  5,  1861 

$50;  $100;  $500  

6  per  ct 
6  per  ct 

6  per  ct 
6  per  ct 

6  per  ct. 
5  per  ct. 

4iperct. 

Redeemable  twenty  years 
from  July  1,  1861. 

Payable  after  December 
31,  1880. 

Redeemable    after  June 
30,  1881. 

Redeemable    after  June 
30,  1881. 

Payable  thirty  years  after 
issue.    (Dates  of  issue, 
1865  to  1869.) 

Redeemable  May  1,  1881. 

ledeemable  September  1, 
1891. 

Redeemable  July  1,1907. 

$1000  

$1000;  $5000;  $10,000. 

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 
$50;  $100;  $500;  ;  $1000; 
$5000;  $10,000. 

$50;  $100;  $500  ;  $1000. 
$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000; 
$5000;  $10,000. 

$1000;  $5000;  $10,000.... 

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000; 
$5000;  $10,000. 
$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000; 
$5000;  $10,000;  $20,- 
000;  $50,000. 

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 
$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000; 
$5000;  $10,000;  $20,- 
000;  $50,000. 

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 
$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000; 
$5000;  $10,000  j  $20,- 
000;  $50,000. 

SIXES  OP  1881  : 
March  3,  1863  —  Coupon...... 
Registered. 

CURRENCY  6's,  PACIFIC  R.  R.  : 
July  1,    1862,   and   July  2, 
1864—  Registered... 

FUNDED  LOAN  OP  1881  : 
July  14,  1870,  and  January 
20,  1871  —  Coupon  

Registered  

FUNDED  LOAN  OF  1891  : 
July  14,  1870,  and  January 
20,  1871  —  Coupon  

Registered  

CONSOLS  OF  1907: 
July  14,  1870,  and  January 
20,  1871  —  Coupon  

Registered  

78 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Bonds  which  have  Matured  and  Ceased  to  bear  Interest. 


Title  of  Loan  and  Authorizing  Act. 

Denominations. 

Rate  of 
Interest. 

When  Redeemable  or  Payable. 

LOAN  OP  1858  : 

June  14,  1858—  Coupon  
Registered.. 

$1000  

$5000. 

5  per  ct. 

Redeemable  after  fifteen 
years  from  January  1, 

1859. 

FIVES  OP  1860: 

June  22,  1860  —  Coupon  

$1000;  $5000  

5  per  ct. 

Redeemable     after     ten 

Registered.. 

$1000;  $5000. 

years  from  January  1, 

1861. 

FIVE-TWENTIES  OP  1862  : 

Feb.  25,  1862  —  Coupon  

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 
$50;  $100,  -$500;  $1000; 

6  per  ct. 

Redeemable  after  five  and 
payable   twenty  years 

Registered... 

$5000;  $10,000. 

from  May  1,  1862. 

FIVE-TWENTIES  OP  1864: 

March  3,  1864  —  Registered.. 

$100;      $500;       $1000; 

6  per  ct. 

Redeemable  after  five  and 

$5000 

payable   twenty  years 

from  November  1,  1864. 

TEN-FORTIES  : 

March  3,  1864  —  Coupon  
Registered.. 

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 
$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000; 

5  per  ct. 

Redeemable  after  ten  and 
payable     forty     years 

$5000;  $10,000. 

from  March  1,  1864. 

FIVE-TWENTIES  OP  1864: 

June  30,  1864—  Coupon  
Registered.. 

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 
$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000; 
$5000;  $10,000. 

6  per  ct. 

Redeemable  after  five  and 
payable   twenty   years 
from  November  1,  1864. 

FiVE-TWENTIES  OF  1865  : 

March  3,  1865—  Coupon  
Registered.. 

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 
$50;  $100,  -$500;  $1000; 

6  per  ct. 

Redeemable  after  five  and 
payable   twenty  years 

$5000;  $10,000. 

from  November  1,  1865. 

CONSOLS  OP  1865  : 

March  3,  1865—  Coupon  

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 

6  per  ct. 

Redeemable  after  five  and 

Registered.. 

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000; 

payable   twenty  years 

$5000;  $10,000. 

from  July  1,  1865. 

CONSOLS  OP  1867  : 

March  3,  1865—  Coupon  
Registered.. 

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 
$50;  $100:  $500;  $1000; 

6  per  ct. 

Redeemable  after  five  and 
payable   twenty  years 

$5000;  $10,000. 

from  July  1,  1867. 

CONSOLS  OP  1868  : 

March  3,  1865—  Coupon  

$50;  $100;  $500;  $1000. 

6  per  ct. 

Redeemable  after  five  and 

Registered.. 

$500;      $1000;     $5000; 

payable   twenty  years 

$10,000. 

from  July  1,  1868. 

COUPON  BONDS. 

The  coupon  bonds  of  the  United  States 
are  payable  to  bearer,  and  they  pass  by 
delivery,  without  endorsement;  except 
those  authorized  by  the  act  of  March  2, 
1861, — known  as  the  Oregon  War  Loan, 
— which,  being  payable  to  certain  parties 
or  their  assigns,  are  transferable  only  by 
assignment;  such  assignment  to  be  exe- 
cuted and  acknowledged  in  like  manner 
as  in  the  case  of  registered  bonds  of  other 
loans. 

Coupon  bonds,  with  the  exception 
above  mentioned,  are  convertible  into 
registered  bonds  of  the  same  loan  ;  but 
the  law  does  not  authorize  the  conversion 
of  registered  into  coupon  bonds. 

Coupon  bonds  forwarded  to  the  Treas- 


ury Department  for  exchange  into  regis- 
tered bonds  should  be  addressed  to  the 
SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY,  Loan  Di- 
vision ;  and  when  bonds  of  more  than 
one  issue  are  transmitted  in  the  same 
package,  a  separate  letter  of  explicit 
instructions  should  accompany  the  bonds 
of  each  issue. 

REGISTERED  BONDS. 

The  registered  bonds  of  the  United 
States  differ  from  the  coupon  bonds  in 
the  following  respects,  namely:  (1)  They 
have  inscribed  or  expressed  upon  their 
face  the  names  of  the  parties  who  own 
them,  denominated  payees ;  (2)  they  are 
payable  only  to  such  payees  or  their  as- 
signs ;  and  (3)  the  property  or  ownership 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


79 


in  them  can  be  transferred  only  by  as- 
signment. For  the  purpose  of  assigning 
them,  there  are  forms  printed  on  the 
backs  of  the  bonds,  together  with  direc- 
tions to  be  followed  in  the  execution  of 
such  assignments. 

A  ledger  account  is  opened  in  the 
Treasury  Department  with  each  holder 
of  one  or  more  registered  bonds  ;  and  in 
this  account  each  bond  is  fully  described. 
All  recognized  transfers  must  be  made 
upon  the  loan-books  in  the  Register's 
Office. 

TRANSMISSION  OF  BONDS. 

When  registered  bonds  are  properly 
assigned,  they  should  be  transmitted  to 
the  Register  of  the  Treasury,  and  be  ac- 
companied by  a  letter  of  explicit  instruc- 
tions,— stating  the  amount  enclosed  ;  the 
loan  to  which  the  bonds  belong ;  the  de- 
nominations of  the  bonds  desired  in  ex- 
change therefor ;  the  name  and  residence 
of  each  assignee;  and  giving  full  par- 
ticulars with  regard  to  the  payment  of 
interest, — in  order  that  the  new  bonds 
may  be  issued  in  a  proper  manner,  and 
the  requisite  entries  be  made  on  the  books 
of  the  Treasury  Department. 

When  bonds  of  different  loans  are  for- 
warded in  one  remittance,  a  separate 
letter  of  instructions  should  accompany 
the  bonds  of  each  loan. 

Letters  of  instructions  sent  with  bonds 
of  the  funded  five  per  cent,  loan  of  1881, 
the  funded  four  and  a  half  per  cent,  loan 
of  1891,  and  the  four  per  cent,  consols 
of  1907,  transmitted  for  transfer,  should 
state  the  residence  of  the  assignee  and 
contain  the  address  to  which  quarterly- 
interest  checks  should  be  mailed. 

NEW  BONDS. 

Registered  bonds  received  for  transfer 
are  cancelled,  and  new  bonds  in  their 
stead  are  issued  in  the  name  of  the  as- 
signee. These  bear  interest  from  the 
first  day  of  the  quarter  or  half-year  (as 
their  interest-term  may  run)  in  which 
the  transfer  shall  have  been  made.  As 
a  rule,  returns  are  made  on  the  same  day 
that  the  bonds  are  received,  and  made  in- 
variably by  mail,  unless  otherwise  in- 
structed. When  bonds  are  sent,  or  re- 
turned, by  express  or  by  registered  mail, 
the  entire  expense  thus  incurred  must  be 
borne  by  the  party  desiring  the  transfer. 

PAYMENT  OF  INTEREST  AND  CLOSING 
OF   TRANSFER-BOOKS. 

The  interest  on  registered  bonds  of  the 


various  loans  falls  due  upon  the  following 
dates  respectively : 

Loan  of  February  8,  1861,  January  1 ;  July  1. 

Loan  of  July  17, 1861,  and  Aug.  5,  1861,  Janu- 
ary 1 ;  July  1. 

Loan  of  March  3,  1863,  January  1;  July  1. 

Currency  Sixes,  Pacific  Railroad,  January  1  j 
July  1. 

Five  per  cent.  Funded  Loan  of  1881,  February 
1 ;  May  1 ;  August  1 ;  November  1. 

Four  and  a  half  per  cent.  Funded  Loan  of 
1891,  March  1;  June  1;  September  1;  De- 
cember 1. 

Four  per  cent.  Consols  of  1907,  January  1 ; 
April  1 ;  July  1 ;  October  1. 

Interest  on  registered  bonds  of  the 
funded  loans  of  1881  and  1891,  and  the 
four  per  cent,  consols  of  1907,  is  paid 
only  by  checks  drawn  at  the  Treasury 
Department.  These  checks  will  be  sent 
by  mail  when  the  post-office  address  is 
known ;  when  this  is  not  known,  they 
will  be  held  by  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States  until  called  for  by  the 
payees  thereof.  The  checks  are  payable, 
when  properly  endorsed,  on  presentment 
at  any  of  the  offices  for  the  payment  of 
interest  named  in  the  following  list. 
Holders  of  these  bonds  should  promptly 
notify  the  Register  of  the  Treasury  of 
any  change  in  their  post-office  address; 
and,  in  case  of  the  appointment  of  an 
attorney  to  collect  the  interest,  notice  of 
this  fact  should  likewise  be  given  to  the 
Register,  in  order  that  the  checks  may  be 
sent  to  the  care  of  such  attorney.  Such 
holders  should  also  transmit  to  the  First 
Auditor  of  the  Treasury  all  powers  of  at- 
torney for  the  collection  of  interest,  and 
advise  him,  specifically,  at  which  of  the 
offices  hereafter  named  it  is  desired  that 
the  interest-checks  under  such  powers 
should  be  paid. 

The  payment  of  interest  by  Treasury 
checks  is  confined  to  the  bonds  of  the 
funded  loans  above  mentioned. 

Interest  on  registered  bonds  of  the 
other  loans  may  be  made  payable  at  any 
of  the  offices  for  payment  of  interest  em- 
braced in  the  list  given  below,  some  one 
of  which  must  be  designated  for  that 
purpose  by  each  payee.  The  dividends 
are  payable,  on  application  in  person,  to 
the  payee,  or  to  his  duly  authorized  at- 
torney. 

For  the  purpose  of  preparing  the  in- 
terest-schedules, the  transfer-books  are 
closed  during  the  month  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  date  of  payment  of  the  interest. 

If  bonds  forwarded  for  transfer  be  not 
received  prior  to  or  upon  the  day  fixed  for 
closing  the  transfer-books,  the  transfer 


80 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


will  not  be  effected  until  after  the  re- 
opening of  the  books  ;  and  consequently 
the  interest  for  that  quarter  or  half-year 
(as  the  interest-term  may  be)  will  be  de- 
clared in  favor  of  the  parties  whose 
names  appear  upon  the  face  of  the  old 
bonds. 

The  place  of  payment  will  be  changed 
if  a  request  to  that  effect  be  made  to  the 
Register  of  the  Treasury  before  the  time 
for  the  closing  of  the  transfer-books. 

OFFICES  FOR  THE  PAYMENT  OF  INTEREST. 

Treasury  of  the  United  States,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Office  of  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  S.,  Baltimore, 
Md. 

Office  of  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  S.,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

Office  of  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  S.,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

Office  of  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  S.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Office  of  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  S.,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

Office  of  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  S.,  Chicago,  111. 

Office  of  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  S.,  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

Office  of  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  S.,  New  Orleans, 
La. 

Office  of  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  S.,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

ASSIGNMENTS  OP  BONDS  AND  COLLEC- 
TION OF  INTEREST. 

ASSIGNMENTS. 

The  directions  printed  on  the  backs  of 
the  bonds  should  be  carefully  followed  in 
the  execution  of  assignments,  and  all  the 
blank  spaces  filled  in  properly.  The  name 
of  the  assignee  should  be  written  plainly 
in  the  space  left  for  that  purpose. 

If  a  bond  is  to  be  divided  among  two 
or  more  parties,  their  names  and  the 
amount  to  each  should  be  stated  in  the 
assignment.  If  only  a  part  of  a  bond  is 
assigned,  a  new  issue  for  the  remainder 
will  be  made  to  the  former  payee  of  the 
whole  bond :  Provided,  however,  That  the 
amount  assigned  shall  correspond  with 
one  or  more  of  the  denominations  in 
which  the  bonds  are  issued. 

Registered  bonds  should  not  be  as- 
signed in  blank,  as  such  assignment 
would  make  them  payable  to  bearer  and 
render  them  available  to  any  holder 
thereof;  in  other  words,  under  assign- 
ment in  blank  the  title  to  the  bonds 
would  pass  by  delivery. 

A  detached  assignment  should  never 
be  resorted  to,  except  when  the  blank 
form  for  an  assignment  which  is  printed 
on  the  bond  shall  have  been  already  used  5 
and  in  this  case  only  when  there  shall  not 


be  sufficient  space  on  the  back  of  the  bond 
for  another  assignment. 

The  payee  should  sign  his  name  to  the 
assignment  as  the  name  is  written  on  the 
face  of  the  bond.  If  the  bond  be  issued 
to  a  firm,  the  assignment  must  be  sub- 
scribed in  the  name  of  the  firm  by  a 
member  thereof  who  shall  be  possessed 
of  authority  to  sign  for  the  firm,  of  which 
authority  the  officer  witnessing  the  signa- 
ture must  be  satisfied;  if  issued  to  joint 
owners,  co-trustees,  executors,  adminis- 
trators, or  guardians,  each  person  must 
sign  for  himself;  if  to  a  corporation  or 
company,  the  official  character  of  the  per- 
son executing  the  assignment,  and  the  au- 
thority of  such  person  to  dispose  of  the 
bond  or  bonds  in  question,  should  be  duly 
verified  by  vote  or  resolution  of  the  board 
of  directors  of  the  corporation  or  company, 
certified  under  its  seal.  Where  such 
officer  is  authorized  by  virtue  of  his  office 
to  execute  the  assignment,  a  certificate, 
under  seal,  of  this  fact  and  of  his  election 
to  the  office,  and  that  he  still  holds  and 
exercises  such  office,  must  be  furnished, 
together  with  a  certified  copy  of  the 
charter  or  by-laws  of  such  corporation  or 
company,  showing  the  authority  claimed 
thereunder. 

All  such  evidence  of  authority  will  be 
placed  on  file  in  the  Treasury  Department, 
and  need  not  be  reproduced  in  subsequent 
transactions  under  the  same  power,  if 
proper  reference  be  made  thereto. 

ASSIGNMENTS  BY  REPRESENTATIVES   AND 
SUCCESSORS. 

In  case  of  death  or  successorship,  the 
representative  of  the  deceased  person,  or 
the  successor,  must  furnish  official  evi- 
dence of  such  decease  or  successorship, 
and  of  his  own  appointment,  authority, 
or  power.  An  executor  or  administrator 
may  assign  bonds  standing  in  the  name  of 
the  deceased  person  in  whose  stead  such 
executor  or  administrator  shall  be  acting. 
Where  there  are  two  or  more  legal  rep- 
resentatives, all  must  unite  in  the  assign- 
ment, unless  by  a  decree  of  court  or  tes- 
tamentary provision  some  one  or  more  of 
them  is  or  are  designated  and  empowered 
to  dispose  of  the  bonds.  If  the  bonds 
had  been  held  by  the  deceased  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  a  fiduciary  or  trustee,  the  letters 
testamentary,  or  of  administration,  must 
be  accompanied  by  an  order  of  the  court 
authorizing  the  contemplated  transfer. 

An  executor,  administrator,  trustee, 
guardian,  or  attorney  cannot  assign  bonds 
to  himself,  unless  he  be  specially  author- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


ized  to  do  so  by  a  court  possessing  juris- 
diction of  the  matter. 

FOREIGN  SUCCESSORSHIP  ASSIGNMENTS. 

When  a  payee,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
was  a  resident  of  a  foreign  country,  the 
party  claiming  to  direct  and  execute  the 
transfer  must  furnish  an  exemplified  copy 
of  the  will  or  other  instrument  convey- 
ing the  requisite  authority,  duly  certified 
under  the  hand  and  seal  of  the  proper 
officer,  attested  by  the  certificate  of  a 
United  States  minister,  charge,  consul, 
vice-consul,  or  commercial  agent,  or,  if 
there  be  none  such  accessible  (which  fact 
shall,  in  such  case,  be  certified),  by  that 
of  a  notary  public,  to  the  effect  that  such 
exemplified  copy  is  executed  and  granted 
by  the  proper  tribunal  or  officer,  and  is 
in  due  form  and  according  to  the  laws 
of  that  country.  The  assignment  should 
be  executed  as  hereinbefore  directed. 

ASSIGNMENTS  sr  ATTORNEY. 

Persons  entitled  to  assign  bonds  may 
appoint  for  that  purpose  an  attorney, 
who,  by  virtue  of  the  authority  so  con- 
ferred, can  execute  the  assignment  in  the 
same  manner  as  provided  for  the  con- 
stituent. 

No  officer  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States  should  be  selected  as  such  attorney. 

Powers  of  attorney  authorizing  the  as- 
signment of  bonds  should  be  sent,  for 
record,  to  the  Register  of  the  Treasury. 

A  CKNOWLEDGMENTS 

Of  assignments,  when  not  made  at  the 
Treasury  Department,  must  be  made  be- 
fore an  assistant  treasurer  of  the  United 
States,  a  United  States  judge  or  district 
attorney,  clerk  of  a  United  States  court, 
collector  of  customs  or  internal  revenue, 
or  president  or  cashier  of  a  National 
bank. 

A  notary  public  is  authorized  to  take 
acknowledgments  on  all  loans,  except  the 
funded  loans  of  1881  and  1891,  and  the 
consols  of  1907.  On  these  three  loans 
the  president  or  cashier  of  a  National 
bank  is,  instead  of  a  notary  public,  au- 
thorized to  take  acknowledgments. ^  The 
witnessing  officer  should  append  his  offi- 
cial title,  and  affix  his  seal  of  office,  if  he 
have  one  ;  if  he  have  no  seal  of  office,  he 
should  certify  such  to  be  the  fact.  The 
president  or  cashier  of  a  National  bank 
must  append  the  title  and  affix  the  seal 
of  the  bank.  The  impress  of  the  seal 


must  in  every  case  be  made  upon  the 
bond. 

FOREIGN  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

May  be  made  before  a  United  States 
minister,  charge^  consul,  vice-consul,  or 
commercial  agent.  A  notary  public,  or 
other  competent  officer,  in  a  foreign 
country  may  take  acknowledgments ;  but 
his  official  character  and  jurisdiction 
must  be  properly  verified.  The  official 
seal,  where  there  is  one,  should  in  all 
cases  be  affixed,  as  per  foregoing  direc 
tion ;  and  where  there  is  none,  this  fact 
should  be  made  known  and  attested. 


EXECUTION  OF  POWERS. 

Powers  of  attorney  for  the  transfer  of 
bonds  must  be  acknowledged  in  the 
presence  of  some  one  of  the  officers 
authorized  to  take  acknowledgments  of 
assignments ;  and  where  such  officer  has 
an  official  seal,  it  must  be  affixed  :  where 
he  has  none,  he  should  so  state.  Powers 
for  collection  of  interest  should  be  lodged 
with  the  First  Auditor  of  the  Treasury. 


POWERS  OF  SUBSTITUTION 

Must  be  executed  and  acknowledged  in 
the  same  manner  as  powers  of  attorney. 


No  FEES 

"Will  be  charged  by  a  United  States  mm 
ister,  charge^  consul,  vice-consul,  or  com- 
mercial agent  for  witnessing  and  certify- 
ing an  assignment  of,  or  power  to  assign, 
bonds,  or  collect  interest  thereon.  No 
charge  is  made  by  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment for  transferring  registered  bonds, 
or  for  changing  coupon  bonds  into  regis- 
tered bonds. 


TRANSLATIONS. 

Powers  of  attorney,  and-all  other  legal 
documents  executed  in  the  United  States, 
must  be  in  the  English  language.  If  ex- 
ecuted abroad  in  any  other  language, 
such  powers  must  be  accompanied  by  an 
accurate  translation  into  English,  and 
by  a  sworn  certificate  of  the  person  who 
made  such  translation,  properly  acknowl- 
edged before  a  notary  public  or  other 
competent  officer  having  a  seal,  to  the 
effect  that  the  translation  is  correct  and 
complete. 


82 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


INTEREST  TO  JOINT   HOLDERS. 

Interest  will  be  paid   to   any  one  of 
several  joint  holders,  or  co-trustees,  ex- 
ecutors,   administrators,    or    guardians ; 
but  in  the  execution  to  a  third  party  of 
a  power  to  collect,  all  must  join.      In 
case  of  the  death  of  any  of  such  joint 
holders,  co-trustees,  etc.,  the  survivor  or 
survivors  will   be   recognized  as  havin 
full   authority,  upon  the  proof  of  sue 
death  and  survivorship. 

If  the  interest  on  registered  bonds  of 
the  loans  authorized  previously  to  the 
funded  loans  (act  of  July  14,  1870)  be 
not  called  for  within  seven  months  after 
its  maturity,  it  will  be  returned  to  the 
Treasury  as  unclaimed,  and  can  then  be 
collected  only  in  person  or  by  attorney  at 
the  office  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  in  Washington. 

For  the  convenience  of  the  public,  and 
to  save  charges,  powers  to  collect  speci- 
fied unclaimed  interest  may  be  made  in 
favor  of  the  Chief  of  the  Division  of 
Loans  and  Currency  of  the  Secretary's 
Office,  Treasury  Department. 

DESTROYED  AND  DEFACED  BONDS  AND 
LOST  REGISTERED  BONDS  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 

Parties  presenting  claims  on  account 
of  coupon  or  registered  bonds  of  the 
United  States  which  have  been  destroyed 
wholly,  or  in  part,  or  on  account  of  reg- 
istered bonds  which  have  been  lost,  will 
be  required  to  present  evidence  showing — 

1st.  The  number,  denomination,  date 
of  authorizing  act,  and  series  of  each 
bond  ;  whether  coupon  or  registered  ; 
and  if  registered,  the  name  of  the  payee. 
In  the  case  of  registered  bonds,  it  should 
also  be  stated  whether  they  had  been 
assigned  or  not  previous  to  their  alleged 
loss  or  destruction,  and  if  assigned,  by 
whom,  and  whether  assigned  in  blank  or 
to  some  person  specifically  by  name  ;  and 
if  assigned  in  the  latter  manner,  the 
name  of  the  assignee  should  be  given. 

2d.  The  time  and  place  of  purchase, 
of  whom  purchased,  and  the  considera- 
tion paid. 

3d.  The  material  facts  and  circum- 
stances connected  with  the  loss  or  de- 
struction of  the  bonds. 

In  all  cases  the  evidence  should  be  as 
full  and  clear  as  possible,  that  there  may 
be  no  doubt  of  the  good  faith  of  the 
claimant.  Proofs  may  be  made  by  affi- 
davits duly  authenticated,  and  by  such 
other  competent  evidence  as  may  be  in 
the  possession  of  the  claimant. 

Affidavits  and  other  evidence  pertain- 


ing  to  the  claim  should  be  transmitted  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  Upon 
receipt  of  such  documentary  evidence  it 
will  be  referred  to  the  First  Comptroller 
of  the  Treasury  for  his  decision  as  to  its 
sufficiency.  The  applicant  will  be  ad- 
vised of  the  decision  as  soon  as  it  is 
reached:  if  it  be  favorable  to  such  appli- 
cant, a  blank  indemnity-bond  will  be 
forwarded  to  him  for  execution ;  and 
when  this  indemnity-bond  shall  have 
been  duly  executed,  returned  to  the 
Treasury  Department,  and  approved  by 
the  First  Comptroller  and  the  Secretary, 
the  relief  desired  will  be  granted. 

Duplicates  in  lieu  of  lost  registered 
bonds  will  not  be  issued  within  six 
months  from  the  time  of  the  alleged  loss. 

The  interest  on  uncalled  registered 
bonds  will  be  paid  to  the  payees  thereof, 
even  though  the  bonds  have  been  lost  or 
destroyed. 

These  regulations  do  not  apply  in  any 
way  to  coupons  lost  or  destroyed  which 
have  been  detached  from  the  bonds  to 
which  they  belonged,  as  no  relief,  in  such 
cases,  can  be  granted  under  existing 
laws. 

CALLED  BONDS. 

All  United  States  called  bonds,  for- 
warded for  redemption,  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
Loan  Division.  When  registered  bonds 
are  so  forwarded,  they  should  be  assigned 
to  ".the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  for 
redemption."  Where  it  is  desired  that 
the  checks  in  payment  for  such  registered 
bonds  should  be  drawn  in  favor  of  any 
parties  other  than  the  payees,  the  bonds 
must  be  assigned  to  "the  Secretary  of 
:he  Treasury,  for  redemption  in  favor  of 
(In  this  blank 


space  should  be  inserted  the  names  of 
he  parties  in  whose  favor  it  is  desired 
hat  the  checks  for  the  proceeds  should  be 

drawn.) 

EXEMPTION  OF  UNITED  STATES  BONDS 
FROM  TAXATION. 

Section  3701  of  the  Revised  Statutes 
provides  as  follows  :  "  All  stocks,  bonds, 
Treasury  notes,  and  other  obligations  of 
;he  United  States,  shall  be  exempt  from 
axation  by  or  under  State  or  municipal 
ir  local  authority."  This  section  makes 
he  exemption  from  taxation  binding 
>nly  upon  "  State  or  municipal  or  local 
^utnority  ;"  but  according  to  the  express 
,erms  of  the  act  of  Congress  of  July  14, 
870,  the  bonds  and  the  interest  thereon 
of  the  funded  loans  which  are  thereby 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


83 


authorized, — namely,  the  loan  of  1881, 
the  loan  of  1891,  and.  the  four  per  cent, 
consols  of  1907, — "  shall  be  exempt  from 
the  payment  of  all  taxes  or  duties  of  the 
United  States,  as  well  as  from  taxation 
in  any  form  by  or  under  State,  muni- 
cipal, or  local  authority ;  and  the  said 
bonds  shall  have  set  forth  and  expressed 
upon  their  face  the  above  specified  con- 
ditions." 

DIVISION  OF  REVENUE  MARINE. 

The  management  of  the  Revenue  Ma- 
rine Service  ; — including  the  supervision 
of  the  building  and  equipment  of  revenue 
vessels,  their  repair,  purchase,  and  sale ; 
the  assignment  of  cruising-grounds  ;  the 
assignment  of  officers  to  vessels  ;  the  pur- 
chase of  outfits  and  supplies  ;  the  regula- 
tion of  the  complements  of  crews  and 
their  wages  5  the  examination  and  certi- 
fication of  revenue-vessels'  pay-rolls,  and 
accounts  of  disbursements  on  account  of 
the  service  by  Collectors  of  Customs ; 
the  examination  of  the  property  accounts 
of  officers  5  the  preparation  and  enforce- 
ment of  regulations  for  the  examination, 
admission,  and  government  of  K-evenue- 
Marine  Cadets ;  the  preparation  and  en- 
forcement of  general  regulations  for  the 
government  of  the  service,  etc. 

The  examination  of  all  matters  pertain- 
ing to  the  Light-House  Establishment, 
placed  by  law  in  charge  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury. 

The  examination  of  all  matters  relating 
to  the  United  States  Coast  Survey  coming 
before  the  Secretary.  The  charge  of  all 
matters  relating  to  weights  and  measures 
upon  which  the  Secretary  is  required  by 
law  to  act. 

REVENUE  MARINE  SERVICE. 

This  service  was  instituted  in  1799. 
Its  primary  purpose  is  to  aid  in  the  col- 
lection of  import  and  tonnage  duties. 

The  officers  for  each  vessel  are  one 
captain,  one  first,  one  second,  and  one 
third  lieutenant ;  and  for  each  steam- 
vessel  in  addition  one  chief  engineer,  one 
first  assistant  and  one  second  assistant 
engineer.  The  full  complement  of  offi- 
cers, hqwever,  is  not  always  necessary  on 
some  of  the  vessels  of  the  service,  and  are 
not  so  assigned. 

By  an  act  of  Congress  approved  July 
31,  1876,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
is  authorized  to  appoint,  whenever  a 
vacancy  occurs  in  the  grade  of  third 
lieutenant,  cadets  with  rank  next  below 
that  of  third  lieutenant,  who  are  required 


to  serve  a  probatory  period  of  two  years 
before  being  appointed  as  third  lieu- 
tenants. 

There  are  now  in  commission  thirty- 
seven  revenue-cutters,all  of  which  are  pro- 
pelled by  steam  except  six.  Whenever  the 
President  so  directs,  revenue-cutters  shall 
co-operate  with  the  navy,  during  which 
time  they  will  be  under  the  direction  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  the  ex- 
penses thereof  shall  be  defrayed  by  the 
Navy  Department.  The  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  may  direct  the  performance 
of  any  service  by  the  revenue  vessels, 
which,  in  his  judgment,  is  necessary  for 
the  protection  of  the  revenue.  Those 
revenue-cutters  on  the  northern  and  north- 
western lakes  are  specially  charged  with 
aiding  vessels  in  distress  on  the  lakes. 

The  officers  of  the  revenue-cutters  are 
deemed  officers  of  the  customs,  and  are 
subject  to  the  direction  of  such  Col- 
lectors or  other  officers  of  the  customs  as 
are  designated  for  that  purpose.  They 
must  go  on  board  of  all  vessels  which 
arrive  within  the  United  States,  or  within 
four  leagues  of  the  coast  thereof,  if  bound 
for  the  United  States,  and  search  and  ex- 
amine the  same,  and  every  part  thereof, 
and  shall  demand,  receive,  and  certify  the 
manifests,  shall  affix  and  put  proper 
fastenings  on  the  hatches  and  other  com- 
munications with  the  hold  of  any  vessel, 
and  shall  remain  on  board  such  vessels 
until  they  arrive  at  the  port  or  place  of 
their  destination.  They  shall  perform 
such  other  duties  for  the  collection  and 
security  of  the  revenue  as  shall  be  direc- 
ted by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  annual  expense  of  this  service 
amounts  to  more  than  $850,000. 

OFFICERS. 

34  captains,  34  first  lieutenants,  34 
second  lieutenants,  22  third  lieutenants, 
12  cadets. 

23  chief  engineers,  18  first  assistant 
engineers,  27  second  assistant  engineers. 

Each  vessel  is  manned  by  a  sufficient 
number  of  petty  officers,  seamen,  firemen, 
coal-passers,  boys,  stewards,  and  cooks. 

Officers  of  the  revenue-cutter  service, 
when  serving  in  accordance  with  law,  as 
a  part  of  the  navy,  shall  be  entitled  to 
relative  rank  as  follows  : 

Captains,  with  and  next  after  lieuten- 
ants commanding  in  the  navy  ; 

First  lieutenants,  with  and  next  after 
lieutenants  in  the  navy  ; 

Second  lieutenants,  with  and  next  after 
masters  in  line  of  the  navy  ; 


84 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Third  lieutenants,  with  and  next  after 
ensigns  in  the  navy. 


PAT  TABLE. 

OFFICERS. 

On  Duty,  per 
Annum.* 

Captain $2500 

First  lieutenant 1800 

Second  lieutenant 1500 

Third  lieutenant 1200 

Cadet 900 

Chief  engineer 1800 

First  assistant  engineer.  1500 
Second  assist,  engineer...  1200 


When  not  on 
Duty,  per 
Annum. 

$1800 
1500 
1200 

900 

675 
1500 
1200 

900 


*  Also  allowed  one  navy  ration  when  on  duty. 

PETTY   OFFICERS   AND   SEAMEN. 

Atlantic  Coast.  Per  Month. 

Boatswain $35 

Carpenter 35 

Quartermaster 30 

Master-at-arms....  ..  30 


Per  Month. 

Coxswain $26 

Seaman 25 

Fireman  30 

Coal -passer 25 

First-class  boy 15 

Second-class  boy 12 

Ship's  cook 35 

Cabin  steward , 35 

Wardroom  steward 35 

Pacific  Coast.  Per  Month. 

Boatswain $50 

Carpenter 50 

Quartermaster 35 

Master-at-arms 40 

Coxswain 32 

Seaman 30 

Fireman 45 

Coal-passer 30 

First-class  boy 17 

Second-class  boy 15 

Ship's  cook 50 

Cabin  steward 50 

Wardroom  steward....  ..  50 


LIST  OF  VESSELS  OP  THE  KEVENUE  MARINE. 


% 

Name. 

Description. 

Rate. 

Guns. 

Tons. 

Built. 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 

Albert  GalKtin  

Steam-propeller  
Sloop             

2d  class  

2 

250 
10 
250 
191 
499 
403 
15 
131 
198 
57 
140 
105 
173 
290 
32 
375 
350 
147 
151 
235 
111 
3 
191 
191 
15 
250 
15 
154 
39 
227 
304 
350 
15 
157 
207 
201 
476 

1871 

1877 
1871 
1874 
1865 
1864 
1869 
1871 
1873 
1864 
1864 
1864 
1853 
1863 
1875 
1863 
1861 
1873 
1864 
1873 
1864 
1872 
1874 
1874 
1872 
1871 
1869 
1878 
1876 
1876 
1860 
1871 
1873 
1862 
1862 
1864 
1865 

Alert           

Steam-propeller  

2d  class  
u 

1st  class  

a 

2 
2 
3 
3 

Alexander  J.  Dallas  
Andrew  Johnson  

Steamer,  side-wheel  
Steamer,  side-propeller* 
Steam-launch  

Discover  

E   A    Stevens 

3d  class.  
2d  class  
3d  class  

a 

1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 

George  S   Boutwell  

u 

(i 

Hugh  McCulloch  

u 

J   C    Dobbin     .  . 

Schooner 

John  A.  Dix  

Steamer,  side-wheel  

2d  class  
3d  class 

John  F  Hartley 

Levi  Woodbury  

1st  class  
2d  class  

3d  class  

<( 

2d  class  
3d  class  

5 
2 
1 
1 
3 
1 

Steamer,  side-wheel  
Steam-propeller  

Manhattan  

u 
t( 

Oliver  Wolcott  

Peter  G.  Washington  
Report         .           . 

(( 

Sloop  

Richard  Rush  

Steam-propeller  

2d  class  

u 

2 
2 

Samuel  Dexter 

Saville  

Steamer,  side-wheel  

2d  class  

2 

Search    

S  P    Chase 

Bark 

2d  class  
3d  class  

4 

Teuch  Coxe   

Steam-propeller  

2d  class  
u 

1st  class  

2 
1 

2 

Thomas  Ewing    

Steamer,  side-  wheel  

U   S    Grant 

Vanderbilt 

William  E.  Chandler  
William  H.  Crawford  
William  H.  Seward  

3d  class  
2d  class  
3d  class  
1st  class  

1 
1 
2 
3 

Steamer,  side-wheel  
(i                 « 
K                « 

William  P.  Fessenden  

*  A  vessel  of  peculiar  construction. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


85 


DIVISION  OF  STATIONERY,  PRINTING, 
AND   BLANKS. 

The  purchase  and  supply  of  stationery 
for  the  Department,  Sub-Treasuries,  De- 
positories, United  States  Mints,  Custom- 
Houses,  Revenue  Vessels,  Steamboat-In- 
spection Service,  Life-Saving  Stations, 
Marine  Hospitals,  Light-Houses,  and  In- 
ternal Revenue  Offices  ;  and  blanks  and 
blank-books  for  the  same,  except  Inter- 
nal Revenue  Offices. 

Supervision  over  the  forms  of  books 
and  blanks  used  by  customs  officers, 
with  a  view  of  securing  uniformity  in 
their  methods  of  transacting  business, 
and  of  the  printing,  binding,  lithograph- 
ing, and  engraving  for  the  Department, 
except  United  States  bonds  and  notes, 
United  States  currency,  National  bank 
notes,  and  Internal  Revenue  stamps. 

The  arrangement  for  publication  and 
the  indexing  of  the  several  reports  and 
tables  comprising  the  Finance  Report. 

The  superintendence  of  the  advertising 
of  the  Department ;  the  examination  and 
reference  to  the  proper  officers  of  the  ac- 
counts for  such  advertising  ;  and  the  sub- 
scription for  newspapers  and  periodicals. 

The  preparation  and  delivery  to  dis- 
bursing officers  of  the  Government  of  all 
disbursing  checks  used  by  them,  except 
pension-checks  ;  the  charge  and  distribu- 
tion of  official  postage-stamps  for  the 
Department;  the  custody  and  distribu- 
tion of  cigar-stamps  to  .officers  of  the 
customs  ;  the  examination  of  the  accounts 
of  those  officers  to  see  that  such  stamps 
are  properly  accounted  for ;  and,  gener- 
ally, all  business  connected  with  the  fore- 
going. 

DIVISION  OF  SPECIAL  AGENTS. 

The  assignment  and  detail  of  Special 
Agents,  and  the  examination  of  their  ac- 
counts for  compensation  and  travelling 
expenses,  and  the  examination  and  refer- 
ence of  their  reports. 

The  supervision  and  enforcement  of 
measures  for  the  prevention  of  smuggling, 
and  frauds  on  the  customs  revenue. 

Supervision  over  the  customs  districts, 
the  acts  of  customs  officers,  and  the  ex- 
amination of  their  books,  papers,  and 
accounts,  with  a  view  of  enforcing  the 
customs  laws  and  regulations,  correcting 
and  preventing  irregularities,  and  pro- 
moting uniformity  of  methods  and  secur- 
ing efficiency  in  the  transaction  of  cus- 
toms business. 

Supervision  of  the  transportation  of 
merchandise  in  bond,  including  the  ex- 


amination of  the  reports  of  Collectors  of 
Customs  at  ports  of  shipment  and  of 
arrival ;  and  the  investigation  of  casea 
arising  from  alleged  irregularities  in  con- 
nection with  such  transportation. 

The  examination  and  approval  of 
bonds  for  customs  warehouses  and  bonded 
routes. 

The  enforcement  of  the  laws  and  regu- 
lations governing  the  trade  with  Mexico 
and  Canada,  so  far  as  relates  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  bonded  routes  and  mode 
of  transportation. 

The  following  Special  Agents  of  th<» 
Treasury  are  employed  : 

CUSTOMS. 
20,  each,  per  diem $8 


AGENTS  FOR  THE  SEAL  ISLANDS  IN  ALASKA. 

1,  per  annum $3650 

1,  "  2920 

2,  "  each 2190 

And  the  sum  of  $600  per  annum  is  al- 
lowed  each,   for  actual   travelling  ex- 
penses in  going  to  and  returning  from 
Alaska. 

SPECIAL  INSPECTORS. 

2  on  Isthmus  of  Panama,  each,  per  an- 
num  $2500 


DUTIES  OF  SPECIAL  AGENTS  OF  CUSTOMS. 

These  consist  in  making  examinations 
of  the  books,  papers,  and  accounts  of 
Collectors  and  other  officers  of  the  cus- 
toms, and  they  are  employed  generally 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  in  the  prevention  and  de- 
tection of  frauds  on  the  customs  revenue. 

They  also  make  examinations  and  re- 
ports upon  the  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed, and  the  compensation  received  by 
them  in  the  custom-houses,  and  upon 
their  recommendations  decrease  or  in- 
crease thereof  is  made  by  the  Secretary, 
when  not  fixed  by  law,  and  the  Secretary 
exercises  his  supervisory  authority  over 
the  customs  officers  through  the  Special 
Agents.  They  also  examine  and  report 
upon  failures  of  customs  officers  in  the 
performance  of  their  duties,  either  from 
incompetency  or  by  collusion  with  im- 
porters or  smugglers. 

DISBURSING   CLERKS. 

There  are  two  Disbursing  Clerks  for 
the  Treasury  Department  at  large,  who 


86 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


make  payments  on  the  following  ac- 
counts, respectively  : 

The  one — Payment  of  salaries  and 
compensation  of  the  officers  and  employes 
in  the  following-named  offices  : 

Office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Office  of  the  Supervising  Architect. 

Office  of  the  Supervising  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral of  Marine  Hospitals. 

Office  of  the  Supervising  Inspector- 
General  of  Steam-vessels. 

Salaries  of  special  agents  to  examine 
books  and  accounts  in  sub-treasuries  and 
public  depositaries. 

The  payment  of  the  salaries  and  com- 
pensation of  temporary  clerks  in  the  De- 
partment. 

Salaries  and  compensation  of  Special 
Agents. 

Salaries  and  compensation  of  Custo- 
dians and  Janitors  of  all  public  buildings 
under  the  control  of  the  Treasury  De- 
partment. 

Salaries  and  compensation  of  all  In- 
spectors of  Steamboats. 

The  disbursement,  upon  the  order  of 
the  Secretary,  of  the  Treasury,  of  such 
moneys  as  may  be  placed  in  his  hands 
from  the  following  appropriations,  to- 
gether with  the  keeping  and  rendering 
of  the  necessary  accounts  connected  there- 
with : 

Expenses  of  Collecting  the  Revenue 
from  Customs. 

Expenses  of  the  Revenue-Cutter  Ser- 
vice. 

Life-Saving  Service,  contingent  ex- 
penses. 

Establishment  of  new  Life-Saving  Sta- 
tions. 

Vaults,  Safes,  and  Locks  for  Public 
Buildings. 

Plans  for  Public  Buildings. 

Contingent  expenses,  Independent 
Treasury. 

Contingent  expenses,  Treasury  Depart- 
ment (eleven  appropriations). 

Various  appropriations  for  the  erection 
and  repairs  of  public  buildings  under  the 
control  of  the  Treasury  Department, 
throughout  the  country. 

Also  all  other  moneys  from  other  ap- 
propriations that  may  be  from  time  to 
time  placed  in  his  charge  by  the  Secre- 
tary. 

The  other — Payment  of  the  salaries  and 
compensation  of  the  officers  and  em- 
ploy6s  in  the  following-named  offices  : 

Office  of  the  First  Comptroller. 

Office  of  the  Second  Comptroller. 

Office  of  the  First  Auditor. 

Office  of  the  Third  Auditor. 


Office  of  the  Fourth  Auditor. 

Office  of  the  Fifth  Auditor. 

Office  of  the  Treasurer. 

Office  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Cur- 
rency. 

Office  of  the  Commissioner  of  Customs. 

Office  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal 
Revenue. 

Office  of  the  Light-House  Board. 

Office  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint. 

Bureau  of  Statistics. 

The  disbursement,  upon  the  order  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  of  such 
moneys  as  may  be  placed  in  his  hands 
from  the  following  appropriations,  to- 
gether with  the  keeping  and  rendering 
of  the  necessary  accounts  connected  there- 
with : 

Refunding  the  National  Debt. 

Dies,  paper,  and  stamps  of  Internal 
Revenue  Service. 

Treasury  Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Propagation  of  Food-Fishes. 

Inquiry  respecting  Food-Fishes. 

Illustrations  of  Report  respecting  Food- 
Fishes. 

Repairs  and  Preservation  of  Public 
Buildings. 

Furniture  and  Repairs  of  same,  for 
Public  Buildings. 

Fuel,  Lights,  and  Water  for  Public 
Buildings. 

Heating  and  Hoisting  Apparatus  for 
Public  Buildings. 

Assessing  and  Collecting  Internal 
Revenue. 

Punishment  for  Violation  of  Internal 
Revenue  Laws. 

Salaries  and  expenses  of  Subordinate 
Officers  of  Internal  Revenue. 

Stamps,  Paper,  and  Dies. 

Salaries,  Bureau  of  Engraving  and 
Printing. 

Labor  and  expenses  of  Engraving  and 
Printing. 

Transportation  of  United  States  Secur- 
ities. 

Incidental  expenses,  National  Cur- 
rency— Office  of  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States. 

Also  all  other  moneys  from  other  ap- 
propriations that  may  be  from  time  to 
time  placed  in  his  charge  by  the  Secre- 
tary. 


THE   SECRET   SERVICE   DIVISION. 

The  Secret  Service  Division  sprung 
from  an  annual  appropriation  made  for 
the  prevention  and  punishment  of  coun- 
terfeiting. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


87 


By  the  act  of  June  23,  1860,  making 
appropriations  for  the  civil  list,  the  sum 
of  $10,000  was  appropriated  for  the  de- 
tection and  bringing  to  trial  of  persons 
engaged  in  counterfeiting  the  coin  of  the 
United  States,  to  be  expended  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury ; 
and  by  the  act  of  June  11,  1862,  authority 
was  given  for  applying  any  part  of  said 
appropriation  for  the  same  purpose  in 
connection  with  the  counterfeiting  of 
Treasury  notes,  bonds,  or  other  securities 
of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  the  coin 
thereof. 

In  December,  1863,  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  placed  all  measures  for  the 
suppression  of  offences  respecting  the 
coin  and  securities  of  the  Government, 
and  the  punishment  of  those  counterfeit- 
ing them,  under  the  supervision  and 
direction  of  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury, 
and  directed  that  all  detectives  and  other 
persons  employed  in  the  prosecution  of 
those  measures  should  report  to  the 
Solicitor  and  receive  their  instructions 
from  him. 

In  an  appropriation  act  approved  July 
2,  1864,  the  sum  of  $100,000  was  appro- 
priated for  the  purpose  of  meeting  any 
expenses  in  detecting  and  bringing  to 
trial  and  punishment  persons  engaged 
in  counterfeiting  Treasury  notes,  bonds, 
or  other  securities  of  the  United  States, 
and  the  coinage.  Similar  appropriations 
have  been  made  annually  since  without 
change,  except  that  the  purposes  have 
been  extended  to  include  other  frauds 
upon  the  Government,  and  a  reduction 
or  increase  of  the  annual  sum  appropria- 
ted, which  was  reduced  from  $100,000  to 
$60,000  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 
1880,  the  same  to  be  disbursed  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

There  exists  no  general  statute  or  other 
authority  for  the  organization  of  the 
Secret  Service  Division,  the  whole  ser- 
vice resting  upon  the  appropriation  acts 
merely. 

The  appointments  of  all  commissioned 
operatives  and  clerks  are  made  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  upon  the  rec- 
ommendation of  the  Chief  of  the  service, 
approved  by  the  Assistant  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  charged  generally  with 
the  subject  of  appointments.  This  is  a 
change  from  the  former  practice,  and  it 
went  into  effect  January  1,  1879.  The 
assistants  and  agents  of  a  lower  class  are 
appointed  by  the  Chief,  subject  to  the 
control  of  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury, 
as  to  their  compensation. 


The  disbursement  of  the  fund  for  the 
ordinary  purposes  of  suppressing  counter- 
feiting and  illegal  coinage  is  made  by  the 
Assistant  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury,  who 
is  under  bond  for  the  faithful  discharge 
of  this  duty,  but  receives  no  additional 
compensation  therefor,  and  he  makes 
payments  upon  vouchers  certified  by  the 
Chief,  and  approved  by  the  Solicitor  of 
the  Treasury  ;  but  disbursements  for  any 
other  purposes  are  made  upon  special  in- 
structions of  the  Secretary  or  one  of  the 
Assistant  Secretaries  of  the  Treasury. 

The  Chief  of  the  service  advises  with 
and  is  directed  by  the  Solicitor  of  the 
Treasury  in  the  conduct  of  his  investiga- 
tions. 

Through  the  agency  of  this  service  the 
counterfeiting  of  paper  money  and  bonds 
has  been  almost  entirely  suppressed,  and 
there  is  no  doubt  that  the  presence  of 
agents  of  the  Secret  Service  has  a  strong 
preventive  influence,  and  should  they  be 
discontinued  counterfeiting  would  soon 
thrive  anew. 

FORCE  EMPLOYED. 

There  is  a  Chief  of  the  Secret  Service 
Division,  whose  compensation  is  $3500 
per  annum  ;  a  half-dozen  clerks,  with  the 
usual  compensation,  and  a  force  of  some 
thirty  or  forty  secret-service  operatives 
or  agents,  who  are  compensated  accord- 
ing to  their  special  fitness  and  efficiency 
for  effective  and  valuable  results. 


DIVISION   OF  CAPTURED   AND   ABAN- 
DONED PROPERTY,  LANDS,  ETC. 

The  duties  now  required  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  in  relation  to  cap- 
tured and  abandoned  property  and  lands, 
and  other  property  of  the  United  States, 
are : 

To  preserve  the  captured  and  aban- 
doned property  records  and  files,  and 
Confederate  archives,  and  to  furnish  in- 
formation therefrom,  generally,  or  in 
special  cases,  in  response  to  resolutions 
of  Congress  and  calls  of  the  several  com- 
mittees thereof. 

To  answer  rules  of  the  Court  of  Claims 
for  information  and  papers,  if,  in  his 
opinion,  it  will  not  be  injurious  to  the 
public  interest. 

To  furnish  to  the  Attorney-General  all 
facts,  information,  and  proof's  which  are 
or  may  be  within  the  knowledge  or  in  the 
possession  of  the  Department,  in  all  cases 
brought  against  the  United  States  in  the 
ourt  of  Claims. 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


To  examine  and  refer  for  payment 
judgments  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  and 
to  determine  questions  of  set-off  against 
such  judgments. 

To  examine  and  decide  claims  for  the 
proceeds  of  cotton  seized  after  the  30th 
of  June,  1865. 

To  furnish  to  the  Commissioners  of 
Claims  information  from  the  books,  rec- 
ords, and  documents  relating  to  transac- 
tions of  or  with  the  late  Confederate 
Government. 

The  preservation,  collection,  or  sale  of 
wrecked,  abandoned,  or  derelict  property, 
etc. 

The  custody,  care,  and  protection  of 
lands  and  other  property  ^belonging  to  the 
United  States. 

To  answer  inquiries  of  individuals  de- 
siring information  in  regard  to  captured 
and  abandoned  property,  and,  generally, 
all  matters  pertaining  to  the  foregoing. 

This  Division  is  also  charged  with  the 
duty  of  furnishing  to  the  Department  of 
Justice  and  the  Court  of  Claims  informa- 
tion from  the  records  of  the  Department 
relating  to  all  cases  arising  under  the 
general  jurisdiction  of  the  court,  and  to 
private  individuals  authenticated  copies 
of  papers  and  records  under  Treasury 
order  of  October  20,  1830. 

FORCE  IN  THE  DIVISION. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  of  Division $2500 

2  clerks,  each 1800 

1  clerk 1600 

1  «     1400 

2  clerks,  each 1200 

1  clerk 900 

BUREAU  OF  ENGRAVING  AND 
PRINTING. 

The  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing 
is  the  largest  and  most  complete  estab- 
lishment of  its  kind  in  the  world. 

The  work  performed  in  it  consists 
chiefly  in  the  production  of  notes,  bonds, 
securities,  and  tax-stamps,  all  represent- 
ing values.  This  work  requires  special 
qualifications  in  most  of  the  departments, 
making  it  necessary  to  employ  the  best 
skilled  engravers  in  steel,  whose  business 
it  is  to  work  the  designs  on  all  United 
States  and  national  bank-notes,  on  United 
States  bonds,  other  securities,  and  certifi- 
cates, upon  steel  plates,  from  which,  by 
nice  and  intricate  processes,  they  are 
transferred  to  paper.  Many  checks  and 
safeguards  are  made  use  of  to  insure 
against  loss  by  abstraction ;  the  strictest 


rules  governing  employe's  and  fixing  re- 
sponsibility are  enforced,  and  the  Bureau 
is  as  well  managed,  everybody  knowing 
his  place  and  duty,  as  any  great  bee-hive 
of  industry  in  the  land. 

The  engraving  turned  out  by  the 
Bureau  represents  the  highest  standard 
of  art  in  design  and  execution,  and  the 
printing  is  perfectly  done. 

The  Bureau  comprises  the  following 
divisions  : 

Office  proper ;  Engraving  Division ; 
Plate-printing  ;  Binding  ;  Machine ;  Wet- 
ting ;  Examining  ;  Numbering  ;  Surface 
branch  ;  Cleaning  ;  Watch  ;  Vault  Custo- 
dians, and  Miscellaneous. 

FORCE  EMPLOYED. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  of  Bureau $4500 

Assistant  chief. 2250 

1  accountant 2000 

1  stenographer 1600 

1  clerk 1600 

1      "     1400 

4  clerks,  each 1200 

1  clerk 1000 

3  copyists,  each 900 

2  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

4  laborers,  each 660 

In  addition  to  the  above-named  force, 
which  is  denominated  the  permanent 
office  force,  there  are  employed  in  this 
Bureau  upwards  of  900  persons,  male 
and  female,  skilled  and  unskilled,  with 
compensation  ranging  from  $1  to  $6  per 
day ;  and  to  one  person,  namely,  the 
Chief  Engraver,  $12  per  day  is  paid.  To 
two  other  engravers  $8.75,  and  to  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Printing  Division 
$8.50  per  day  is  paid.  The  employes  of 
this  Bureau  are  divided  into  three  grades, 
with  four  classes  in  grade  one,  five  classes 
in  grade  two,  and  two  classes  in  grade 
three. 

Grade  one,  Class  one,  embraces  females 
without  skill  or  experience,  who  are  em- 
ployed with  a  view  of  training  them  for 
special  work,  and  they  enter  service  at 
$1  per  day.  Their  duties  at  first  are  those 
of  messengers,  box-tenders,  tissue-paper 
hands,  and  substitutes  as  plate-printer's 
assistants. 

Class  two,  watchmen,  messengers,  la- 
borers, and  cleaners.  These  are  paid  75 
cents,  $1,  $1.50,  and  $2.25  per  day. 

Class  three,  apprentices  to  engraving, 
to  binding,  surface-printing,  machinery, 
and  plate-printing.  Apprentices  are  ad- 
mitted at  $1  and  $1.25  per  day,  and  these 
rates  are  increased  a  small  amount  each 
year  until  the  fourth  year  of  service, 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


89 


•when  it  reaches  $2  and  $2.50  per  day. 
Plate-printing  at  piece  rates  is  compen- 
sated for  at  25  cents  per  100  impressions 
up  to  800  impressions,  when  50  cents  per 
100  is  paid  on  the  excess  of  800  during 
and  after  the  fourth  year. 

Class  four,  miscellaneous,  such  as  boys 
employed  on  washing-machines,  and  girls 
and  women  as  attendants. 

Grade  two,  Class  one,  Superintendents 
of  Divisions,  at  $5,  $6,  and  $8.50  per 
day,  assistant  superintendents  and  clerks, 
$3.25,  $4,  and  $6  per  day. 

Class  two,  clerks,  $1.50  to  $4  per  day. 

Class  three,  female  employ6s  trained 
to  special  work,  including  counters,  ex- 
aminers, trimmers,  separators,  perfor- 
ators, stitchers,  pointers,  rulers,  feeders, 
needlers,  and  assorters,  paid  $1.50  per 
day,  or  piece  rates  ;  printer's  assistants  at 
$1.25  per  day  ;  laundry-women  at  $1  per 
day. 

Class  four,  helpers  and  assistants,  boys 
assorting  and  wetting  papers,  $1  per  day  ; 
other  helpers  and  assistants,  $1.75,  $2, 
$2.50.  and  $3  per  day. 

Class  five,  firemen,  $2  per  day,  engi- 
neers, S3. 

Grade  three,  Class  one,  experts,  female 
employe's  of  experience  and  special  skill, 
$2  per  day. 

Class  two,  artists  and  mechanics  who 
have  served  a  regular  apprenticeship,  to 
be  paid  at  rates  not  exceeding  those  paid 
in  private  establishments. 

The  plate-printers  earn,  at  piece  rates, 
from  $2.50  to  $8  per  day  each,  the  general 
average  of  the  whole  number  employed 
(194  men  in  November,  1879)  being  about 
$4.36  per  day,  exclusive  of  the  pay  of 
their  assistants,  which  is  at  the  rate  of 
$1.25  per  day  each,  who  are  paid  out  of 
the  earnings  of  the  plate-printers. 

BUREAU  OF  THE  MINT. 

This  Bureau  embraces  in  its  organiza- 
tion and  under  its  control  all  mints  for 
the  manufacture  of  coin,  and  all  assay 
offices  for  the  stamping  of  the  fineness  of 
bars  of  gold  and  silver,  which  are  author- 
ized by  law. 

The  Director  is  the  chief  officer,  and 
he  is  under  the  general  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  total  coinage  of  gold  and  silver 
during  the  fiscal  year  1878  amounted  to 
56,118,382  pieces,  the  nominal  value  of 
which  was  $81,120,499.50.  During  the 
year  1879,  the  number  of  pieces  coined 
were  39,608,471,  of  which  the  nominal 
value  was  $68,312,592.50. 


The  total  value  of  the  bars  of  gold 
made  at  the  mints  and  assay  offices  during 
the  year  1879  was  $12,501,926.23.  The 
nominal  value  of  the  silver  bars  made 
was  $11,854,383.87. 

The  coinage  of  1878  was  the  largest  in 
value  ever  executed  in  one  year  in  the 
history  of  the  Mint. 

The  cost  of  manufacturing  silver  coin 
is  about  four  times  as  great  as  that  of 
gold,  when  the  gold  coinage  is  in  denom- 
inations less  than  ten-dollar  pieces.  There 
is  a  slight  difference  in  the  cost  of  manu- 
facturing a  double-eagle  from  that  of  a 
silver  dollar. 

The  production  from  the  mines  of  the 
United  States  and  Territories  of  gold  and 
silver  during  th'e  fiscal  year  1879  is  esti- 
mated at  $79,711,990. 

The  stock  of  gold  and  silver  coin  and 
bullion  in  the  country  July  1,  1878,  is 
estimated  by  the  Director  of  the  Mint  at 
about  $330,000,000. 

FORCE    EMPLOYED   IN   THE    BUREAU. 

Per  Annum. 

Director  of  the  Mint $4500 

.  examiner 2300 

computer  of  bullion 2200 

assayer 2200 

assay  clerk 1800 

clerk 1600 

1     "     1400 

1  translator 1200 

1  copyist 900 

1  clerk 1000 

1  laborer 660 

The  Mints  are  located  as  follows : 


PHILADELPHIA,  PENNSYLVANIA. 
GENERAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Superintendent per  annum  $4500.00 

Chief  clerk "  2250.00 

1  cashier "  2500.00 

1  weigh  clerk "  2000.00 

1  book-keeper "  2000.00 

1  deposit  clerk "  2000.00 

1  redemption  clerk "  1600.00 

1  warrant  clerk per  diem  5.50 

1  counter "  5.50 

1  register "  5.50 

1  medal  clerk "  5.00 

1  weigher "  5.00 

1  assistant  to  book-keeper..  "  4.25 

1  register "  4.25 

1  assistant "  4.25 

1  assistant  in  weigh-room...  "  3.85 

3  assistants,  each "  3.00 

1  storekeeper "  2.75 

1  doorkeeper "  4.00 

1  assistant  doorkeeper "  3.75 

4  conductors,  each "  3.50 

1  cabinet "  4.25 


90 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


I  cabinet  ........................  per  diem 

1       "       ........................        « 


1  foreman  carpenter-shop... 
5  carpenters,  each  ............ 

]  chief  engineer  ............... 

1  engineer  ....................... 

1  fireman  ........................ 

1  oiler  ............................ 

1  foreman  machine-shop.... 

1  machinist  ..................... 

5  machinists,  each  ............ 

1  adjuster  of  scales  ............ 

1  painter  ........................ 

1  blacksmith  .................... 

2  blacksmiths,  each  ........... 

1  gasfitter  ....................... 

1  plumber  ........................ 

1  millwright  ................... 

1  counter  ........................ 

1        "      ........................ 

1        «      ..................  .  ..... 

1  helper  .......................... 

1      «      .......................... 

1  night  watch  .................. 

14         «  each  ............ 

25  laborers,  each  .............. 

1  laborer  ......................... 

1  gate-keeper  ................... 

7  scrubbers,  each  .............. 

1  cleaner.... 


$4.50 
4.00 
5.00 
3.50 
1.75 
5.00 
3.00 
4.75 
4.00 
2.90 
3.00 
4.50 
4.00 
3.25 
4.00 
3.75 
3.50 
3.00 
3.25 
2.75 
3.00 
3.25 
3.00 
2.75 
3.00 
2.75 
3.00 
2.75 
2.75 
1.50 
2.75 
1.25 
1.50 


ASSAY  DEPARTMENT. 

Assayer per  annum  $3000.00 

Assistant  Assayer "  2000.00 

1  foreman  laboratory per  diem  6.00 

1  first  weigher "  6.00 

1  second   "       "  5.50 

1  third      "       "  4.00 

1  weigher "  3.50 

2  helpers,  each "  3.25 

1  helper "  3.00 

1  workman "  3.00 

1         " "  2.50 

MELTER  AND  REFINER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

Melter  and  Refiner per  annum  $3000.00 

Assistant  Melter  and  Re- 
finer          " 

1  office per  diem 

1  calculator " 

1  foreman " 

1  assistant  foreman " 

2  melters,each " 

8       "  "    .  " 


hel 


ipers,  ;; 


15 

1  chief  deposit  melter " 

4  deposit  melters,  each " 

1  helper " 

1  in   sweep  cellar  (works 

sweeps) " 

2  in  sweep  cellar,  each " 

1  furnace-builder " 

1  hoister 

1  gate-keeper 

1  workman  in  refinery 

1          "  "       

•j  «  <( 


2000.00 
5.00 
5.00 
5.00 
3.75 
3.25 
3.00 
3.00 
2.90 
4.75 
3.25 
3.25 

3.50 
3.25 
3.50 

2.90 
2.75 
4.00 
3.00 
2.00 


COINER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

Coiner per  annum  $3000.09 

Assistant  Coiner "  2000.00 

1  weigher per  diem  5.75 

1         "       «  4.00 

1  general  foreman  "  4.75 

1  foreman  coining-room "  4.50 

1  foreman  rolling-room "  3.75 

3  counters,  each e  4.00 

1  counter '  2.50 

1        "      <  2.25 

1  machinist,  coining-room..          '  3.25 

5  coining-room,  each 3.00 

13  annealers,           "    3.00 

1  foreman  cleaners 3.50 

8  cleaners,  each 3.00 

13  rollers,      "    2.90 

18  cutters,     "    2.90 

1  hoister 2.75 

1  medal-room 3.25 

2  "         "    each 2.90 

2  helpers,          "    2.75 

1  chief  adjuster 3.00 

95  adjusters,  each "  1.75 

ENGRAVER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

Chief  Engraver per  annum  $3000.00 

1  engraver per  diem  6.00 

1  machinist "  5.00 

1          "         "  4.00 

3  machinists,  each "  3.25 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA. 


GENERAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Superintendent per  annum 

Chief  clerk « 

1  cashier " 

4  clerks,  each " 

5  "          "    per  diem 

1  clerk " 

3  clerks,  each " 

1  supervisor     of     deposit 

melting " 

1  test  weigher " 

1  adjuster  of  weights  and 

balances " 

1  chief  engineer " 

1  captain  of  the  watch " 

4  watchmen,  each " 

10         "  "      " 

1  carpenter " 

1          "        

1  assistant  engineer " 

1  «  «       

2  firemen,  each " 

1  custodian  of  cabinet " 

1  blacksmith 

1  messenger 

3  doorkeepers,  each 

2  conductors,       "  

3  janitors,     '       "  

2  workmen,          "  

1  workman 

4  workmen,  each 


1  workman.... 
1  storekeeper. 

1  porter 

1  janitor 


$4500.00 

2500.00 

2500.00 

1600.00 

7.00 

5.75 

5.00 

6.50 
6.50 

6.00 
6.50 
5.50 
3.00 
2.50 
5.00 
4.00 
4.50 
4.25 
4.00 
4.00 
4.25 
4.00 
3.25 
3.00 
3.00 
5.00 
4.50 
4.00 
3.50 
3.00 
4.00 
4.00 
2.50 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


91 


ASSAYER'S  DEPARTMENT. 
Assayer  per  annum  $3000.00 

1  captain  of  the  watch  per  diem          $3.25 
5  watchmen,  each  "                   2  25 

1  assistant  per  diein              8.00 

1         «        "                  7.75 
1  clerk  "                  7.00 

1  foreman  "                   7.00 
4  workmen,  each  "                   5.00 

"         "                   2.50 
fireman  "                   2.50 

6         «             "    "                  4.50 

laborer  "                   2.50 
1       "       "                   2.00 

MELTER  AND  REFINER'S  DEPARTMENT. 
Melter  and  Refiner  per  annum  $3000.00 

1       "       «                   125 
ASSAYER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

1  assistant  per  diem              8.00 

1  clerk                                             "             1600  00 

1  foreman  of  refinery  "                   7.00 
3  clerks,  each  "                   6.00 

1  weigher      per  diem              3  50 

1  fireman                                        "                  2  50 

1  melter  "                   7.00 

1  laborer                                       u                 2  00 

MELTER  AND  REFINER'S  DEPARTMENT. 
Melter  and  Refiner  per  annum  $2500.00 

1  melter                   "                   5.50 

1  operative                                     "                   6  00 

1  deposit  melter  per  diem              5.00 

Ihplnpr                                                            "                           5  50 

1  foreman  "                   5.00 

IS   Violnora      onr»Vl                                              u                              4  Ofl 

1  workman  "                  3.75 

Ihplnpr                                                                <f                            3   50 

1         "         "                   3.50 

2  sweep  cellars,  each  "                   5.00 

1   T>liimV>pr                                                    "                         4  50 

1         "         "                   325 

2  workmen,  each  "                  2.75 

Impsspn^pr                                          "                       2  75 

1  workman  "                   2.50 

COINER'S  DEPARTMENT. 
Coiner  per  annum  $3000.00 

1  workman  "                  2  00 

COINER'S  DEPARTMENT. 
Coiner  per  annum  $2500.00 

1  assistant        per  diem              8.00 

1  machinist                                    "                   6  00 

1  foreman  press-room  '                  6.00 

1  assistant  per  diem              6  75 

1  weigher  "                   450 

1         "       machine-shop  ....          '                   5.50 
1         "       whitening-room..          '                    5.25 
1         "       rolling-room  '                   5.25 
1  clerk                                              '                   5  75 

1  counter  "                   200 

1  foreman     of      machine- 
shop  "                  3  50 

1    foreman     of      coining- 
room  "                   3  25 

1  foreman  annealing-room..          l                  5.25 
1  press-room  hand  e                  5.50 

1   adjuster  of   scales  and 
weights  "                  3.25 

1  weigher                                        '                   5  00 

1  foreman   annealing-room         "                   3.50 
1         "         cutting-        "             "                   3.50 
1         "         cleaning-     "             "                   3.00 
1        "        rolling-        «            "                  3.00 
1         "         mills-            "             "                   3.00 

1         "               "      4.50 

1         "               "      4.00 

2  cutters    each    5.00 

1  roller                                                                4  75 

5  workmen,       "    "                  2.75 

1         "                                                                 3  00 

2         "               "    «                   3.00 

•'4       "              "                                                 4  00 

1  workman                                    *                    3  50 

2         •«              "   «                   2.25 

2         "              "   "                   2  00 

1  forewoman  of  adjusters..         "                   2.50 
18  female  adjusters,  each...         "                   1.75 

CARSON,  NEVADA. 
GENERAL  DEPARTMENT. 

NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISIANA. 
GENERAL  DEPARTMENT. 
^nperintend"ent                    per  annum  $3500  00 

"hi*  f  clerk       "             2000.00 

Chief  clerk                                    "             2250  00 

cashier  "             2000.00 

1  cashier  .           "            2000  00 

b'mk-keeper  "             1600.00 

2  clerks  each                                 "             1800  00 

wei'-'h  clerk  "             1600.00 

2     "           "    "             2000  00 

ill-posit  clerk  "             1600.00 

1  clerk                                   per  diem            7  00 

1  engineer  "                    6  00 

S  clerks,  each  "                   4.00 

1  carpenter  .                                 "                   6  00 

1  blacksmith....                             "                   5.50 

92 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


2  deposit  melters,  each  per  diem           $5.00 

1  wei^h  clerk  per  annum  $250000 

1  weio-her  "                   500 

1  payin"1     "                                    "             2000  00 

1  captain  of  the  watch  "                   5.00 

1  warrant    "   "             225000 

1  watchman  "                   4.50 

3  clerks    each                  .  .           "             1800  00 

7  watchmen,  each                         "                   4  00 

1  clerk                                             "             1600  00 

1  conductor  '                   4.00 

1  book-keeper  per  diem             7  00 

1  messenger               ..                   '                   4  00 

1  assistant  book-keeper               "                   4jOO 

1  fireman  '                   4.00 

2  assistants,  each  "                   4  00 

4  workmen,  each         .                   t                  4.00 

2         "              "                             "                  3  00 

2  seamstresses,  each  '                   3.00 

1  messenger  (<                  4  00 

1  doorkeeper                                "                  3  00 

ASSAYER'S  DEPARTMENT. 
Assayer  per  annum  $2500.00 

ASSAY  DEPARTMENT. 

1  clerk           .             .                   "             1200  00 

Assayer                                  per  annum  $3000  00 

1  first  assistant  "             225000 

1  carpenter           ...          ..           "                   5  50 

1  second     "                                   "             2150  00 

1  assayer  (t                   5.50 

1  third        "     "             2000.00 

1  dissolver         "                  5  50 

1  chemist                                per  diem             7  00 

1  foreman  "                   650 

MEI/TER  AND  REFINER'S  DEPARTMENT 

1  weigher                                       "                   4  00 

1       «        «                  3.00 

Melter  and  Refiner  per  annum  $2500.00 
1  assistant  per-diem             7.00 

2  workmen,  each  "                   3.00 

1  foreman  "                  6.00 
1       "        of  refinery  "                   5.00 

1  messenger  ^        "                  1.00 

5  melters,  each            ....              "                   5  00 

MELTER  AND  REFINER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

2  workmen,  each  et                  4.25 

Melter  and  Refiner               per  annum  $3000  00 

1  workman  "                  4.00 

1  foreman  "                   6.50 

COINER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

7  workmen   each                           u                  5  00 

Coiner  per  annum  $2500.00 

11         «             «    «                  4.50 

6t(                        ((                                                     t(                                   0    ()(» 

1  assistant  per  diem            7.00 
1  pressman  "                   7.00 
1  weigher  "                  6.00 

1  captain  of  the  watch  "                   4.00 
4  watchmen,  each...;  "                   3.50 

1       "        "                   5.50 
1  cutter  .  .               "                   6  00 

1  watchman  "                  3.00 

2  cutters,  ea-h  "                   5.00 

HELENA,  MONTANA. 

1  annealer  «                  5.50 

1  roller  "                   5.50 

Melter                                             "             2000  00 

1  whitener  «                  5.50 

1  clerk                                            "             1200  00 

"                                       per  diem            4  00 

2  workmen,  each  "                   4.00 

"                                            "                   3  25 

12  adjusters,  each  "                 75.00 

workman                "                  2.75 

DENVER,  COLORADO. 

watchman  "                   3.00 

janitor                          ....         "                   2.75 

Assayer  in  charge  per  annum  $2500.00 

Melter  .           "             2250  00 

"RnTQTf    PTTV     T"H  A  TTH 

2  clerks,  each                                "             1600  00 

2       "         "                                   "            1400  00 

Assayer  and  Melter  per  annum  $2000.00 

1  clerk         .           ..."             1000  00 

1  workman  per  month      120.00 

1         "                       ....            "               100.00 

partment  each                     t(                  5  00 

1         "        "                 35.00 

1  watchman            .         ...           "                 75.00 

partment..          .  .                "                  4  50 

1  assistant    in    assay    de- 
partment... .                         "                   400 

CHARLOTTE,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

1  day  watchman  "                   3.00 
1  night       "         "                  2.75 

Assayer  in  charge  per  annum  $1500.00 
1  clerk  "             1000.00 

3  laborer  "                  1.75 

1  laborer  per  month         16.00 

UNITED     STATES    ASSAY    OFFICES, 
NEW  YORK  CITY. 

GENERAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Superintendent per  annum  $4500.00 

Chief  clerk "  2500.00 


OFFICE  OF  THE   SUPERVISING 

ARCHITECT. 

HISTORICAL  SKETCH. 
This  office  was  organized  in  the  spring; 
of  1853,  under  the  direction  of  Jaines 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


93 


Guthrie,  then  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
with  the  title  of  the  Construction  Branch 
of  the  Treasury  Department.  Prior  to 
this  time  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
was  charged,  by  law,  with  the  construc- 
tion of  all  the  Custom-Houses,  Marine 
Hospitals,  Branch  Mints,  Assay  Offices, 
Appraisers'  Stores,  and  Court-Houses,  and 
almost  everything  but  the  amount  of  the 
appropriation  was  left  to  his  discretion. 
No  system  had  been  devised  for  the  per- 
formance of  these  duties,  and  the  man- 
agement of  the  business  was  confided  to 
no  particular  branch  of  the  Department. 
An  architect,  Ammi  B.  Young,  was  em- 
ployed, at  a  salary  of  $3000  per  annum, 
and  travelling  expenses  allowed  when 
absent  inspecting  works,  etc.  He  was 
paid  out  of  the  several  appropriations 
according  to  the  time  given  to  each  work. 
The  buildings  were  generally  constructed 
under  the  supervision  of  a  local  commis- 
sion, appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  with  local  architects  and  super- 
intendents, who  were  paid  out  of  the  ap- 
propriations. No  system  of  keeping  or 
rendering  accounts  of  the  respective 
works  at  the  buildings  or  in  the  Depart- 
ment had  been  adopted.  The  plans  were 
obtained  through  competition,  and  the 
successful  architect  was  generally  ap- 
pointed superintendent.  -At  this  time 
the  United  States  owned  but  23  Custom- 
Houses  and  18  Marine  Hospitals,  com- 
pleted and  occupied,  and  15  Custom- 
Houses  were  in  course  of  construction. 
Most  of  the  buildings  occupied  had  been 
purchased. 

With  a  view  to  a  more  efficient  man- 
agement, application  was  made  by  Secre- 
tary Guthrie  to  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
detail  an  engineer  officer  to  take  charge 
of  this  branch  of  the  service,  and  Captain 
Alexander  H.  Bowman,  of  the  Engineer 
Corps  of  the  United  States  Army,  was 
detailed  and  assigned  to  duty  as  engineer 
in  charge  of  the  Bureau  of  Construction. 
For  these  services  he  was  allowed  a  com- 
pensation of  $8  per  diem  (less  his  pay 
as  captain),  and  his  travelling  expenses 
while  inspecting  buildings.  Mr.  Young 
was  also  retained  as  Supervising  Archi- 
tect to  aid  Captain  Bowman  in  his  par- 
ticular branch  of  work.  Captain  Bow- 
man, on  assuming  charge  of  the  office, 
prescribed  certain  regulations  for  the 
government  of  the  employe's,  both  at  the 
Department  and  on  the  different  works, 
and  devised  certain  forms  of  vouchers, 
accounts-current,  abstracts  of  disburse- 
ments, reports,  returns,  etc.,  all  of  which 
were  submitted  to  the  Secretary  of  the 


Treasury ;  and,  receiving  his  approval, 
were  adopted.  These  regulations  and 
forms  are  still  in  force,  with  such  modi- 
fications and  variations  as  the  growth 
of  the  business  and  changes  of  system 
in  the  expenditures  have  necessitated. 
Under  this  new  form  plans  for  public 
buildings  were  prepared  in  the  Bureau 
of  Construction  and  reproduced  by  the 
lithographic  process,  and  the  litho- 
graphic copies  were  furnished  to  con- 
tractors and  builders,  upon  which  they 
submitted  estimates  and  obtained  con- 
tracts. 

Captain  Bowman  continued  in  charge 
until  the  fall  of  1860,  when  he  was 
relieved  from  duty,  and  S.  M.  Clark 
assumed  the  duties  as  Acting  Engineer  in 
charge.  This  arrangement  ~ — ^^-^^ 


continued 


until  July  28,  1862,  when  Isaiah  Rogers 
assumed  charge  of  the  office  as  Super- 
vising Architect,  and  the  designation  of 
the  office  was  then  changed  to  that  of 
"  Office  of  Supervising  Architect,  Treas- 
ury Department." 

In  1864,  Congress  recognized  the  office, 
and  made  a  specific  appropriation  for  its 
officers.  Mr.  Rogers  held  the  position 
until  September  30,  1865.  During  his 
administration  the  use  of  photography 
was  applied  to  the  reproduction  of  the 
plans,  and  a  building  for  photographic 
purposes  was  erected  south  of  the 
Treasury. 

On  October  1,  1865,  Alfred  B.  Mullett 
was  placed  in  charge  as  Acting  Super- 
vising Architect,  and  on  June  1,  1866,  he 
was  appointed  Supervising  Architect. 
Mr.  Mullett  held  the  office  until  January 
1,  1875,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Win. 
A.  Potter,  who,  in  turn,  was  succeeded 
by  James  G.  Hill,  who  assumed  the  duties 
of  the  office  August  11,  1876. 

The  increase  of  the  work  of  the  office 
is  shown  by  a  comparison  of  the  number 
of  buildings  owned  or  in  course  of  con- 
struction under  the  control  of  the  Treas- 
ury Department,  with  their  total  cost, 
June  30,  1853,  and  the  number  and  cost 
of  such  buildings  June  30,  1879. 

The  number  of  buildings  owned  or  in 
course  of  construction  June  30,  1853, 
was  56,  and  their  cost  was  $8,887,350.88. 
The  number  of  buildings  owned  or  in 
course  of  construction  June  30,  1879,  was 
161,  and  their  total  cost  to  that  date  was 
$77,904,649.87.  The  annual  expenditure 
for  the  first  six  years  after  the  organ- 
ization of  the  office  averaged  $2,000,000 ; 
the  expenditure  for  the  past  six  years 
averaged  $6,171,044.67. 

Of  the  56  buildings  owned  or  in  course 


94 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


of  construction  in  1853,  15  have  been 
sold  or  disposed  of. 

The  office  is  charged  with  the  follow- 
ing duties :  Selecting  and  purchasing 
sites  for  all  public  buildings  under  the 
Treasury  Department,  including  Custom- 
Houses,  Appraisers'  Stores,  Court-Houses, 
Post-Offices,  Mint  Buildings,  Assay  Of- 
fices, and  Marine  Hospitals ;  making  de- 
signs for  these  buildings,  and  preparing 
plans,  specifications,  estimates,  schedules, 
detailed  working  drawings,  models,  etc.. 
therefor ;  constructing  the  buildings,  and 
supplying  heating,  hoisting,  and  venti- 
lating apparatus,  vaults,  safes,  and  locks 
required  for  all  public  buildings  in 
charge  of  the  Department,  and  perform- 
ing all  work  necessary  for  their  repair 
and  preservation.  It  has  also  to  prepare 
all  contracts  for  the  supply  of  materials 
or  labor  required  in  connection  with  the 
above  duties.  It  is  also  charged  with 
the  leasing  of  all  buildings  rented  for  the 
public  service  under  the  Department,  and 
with  the  custody  of  the  leases  and  deeds, 
and  all  bonds  of  superintendents  of  con- 
struction or  repair  of  public  buildings. 
It  is  also  required  to  give  to  accounts  of 
Disbursing  Agents  for  the  several  works 
hereinbefore  specified  the  administrative 
scrutiny  required  by  law,  before  they  are 
forwarded  to  the  proper  accounting 
officers  for  adjustment. 

ARCHITECT'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Supervising  architect $4500 

Assistant  and  chief  clerk 2250 

Photographer 2250 

Principal  clerk 2000 

2  clerks,  each 1600 

3  "          "    1200 

1  clerk 900 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

In  addition  to  the  above  permanent 
force  the  following  draughtsmen,  com- 
puters, writers,  and  skilled  persons  are 
employed  in  this  office  for  specific  pur- 
poses in  connection  with  the  construction 
of  new  buildings,  etc.,  at  compensations 
by  the  day,  when  employed  : 

1  sculptor $10.00 

1  civil  engineer 9.60 

1  chief  draughtsman 9.00 

1  computer 8.00 

3  draughtsmen,  each 6.50 

6  computers,  each 6.00 

1  phonographer 6.00 

2  computers,  each 5.50 

8  draughtsmen,  each 5.00 

4  «  «   4.50 

1  inspector  of  accounts 10.00 

1  chief  computer 9.60 


2  draughtsmen,  each $9.00 

1  inspector  of  granite 7.00 

6  draughtsmen,  each 6.00 

1  modeller 6.00 

1  draughtsman 5.50 

1  phonographer 5.25 

5  computers,  each 5.00 

2  "             "     4.50 

1  assistant  photographer 4.50 

1          "                   "              4.25 

4  computers,  each 4.00 

1  modeller 4.00 

1  shipping  and  mail  clerk 4.00 

1  clerk  and  messenger 3.75 

1  draughtsman 3.50 

9  draughtsmen,  each 3.00 

computer 3.00 

modeller 3.00 

assistant  photographer 3.00 

tracers,  each 3.00 

copyist 2.50 

laborer 2.50 

1  messenger 2.00 

1  tracer per  annum  900.00 

8  copyists,  each "  900.00 

2  messengers,  each "  840.00 


CONSTRUCTION  OP  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 

The  following  employes  other  than  me- 
chanics and  laborers,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Supervising  Architect,  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  are  in  service  in  connection 
with  the  construction  or  repair  of  public 
buildings  in  different  cities  in  the  United 
States,  and  their  tenure  of  office  will  cease 
upon  completion  of  the  buildings  or  works 
upon  which  they  are  engaged  ;  but  it  ia 
safe  to  assume  that  in  a  growing  and 
prosperous  country  like  ours  no  diminu- 
tion in  the  aggregate  of  such  works  will 
ensue,  and  therefore  it  is  that  this  class 
of  public  servants  is  included  herein. 

The  changes  to  take  place  will  be  prin- 
cipally in  the  personnel  and  location, 
rather  than  in  a  reduction  of  the  number 
of  persons  so  employed.  It  has  not  been 
attempted  to  show  the  number  and  wages 
of  mechanics  and  laborers  employed  on 
Government  works,  but  large  numbers  of 
such,  of  course,  are  employed  continu- 
ously and  at  irregular  periods  on  these  as 
well  as  many  other  works  of  the  Govern- 
ment. 

Per  Diem. 

5  superintendents  of  construction,  each  $9.00 

6  "  "  "        8.00 

7  "  "  "       7.00 
6               "                             "  "       6.00 

1  assistant    superintendent  of  construc- 

tion      7.00 

2  assistant  superintendents  of  construc- 

tion, each 6.00 

1  superintendent  of  repairs 9.00 

1  «  "  .     8.00 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


95 


Per  Diem. 

2  superintendents  of  repairs,  each $6.00 

1  superintendent  of   repairs,  5  per  cent. 

commission  on  cost  of  repairs. 
4    superintendents    of    granite    cutting, 

each 7.00 

6  clerks,  each 6.00 

4      "          "    5.00 

20    "          "    4.00 

1  clerk 2.00 

2  foremen,  each 6.00 

4         "  "   5.00 

1  foreman 4.50 

4  foremen,  each 4.00 

1  foreman 3.50 

1  «       3.00 

2  master-mechanics,  each 5.00 

1  "       mechanic 4.00 

2  "      masons,  each 4.00 

1       "      rigger 4.00 

1  draughtsman  4.50 

2  draughtsmen,  each 4.00 

4  inspectors,  each 4.00 

1  inspector 3.00 

1  time-keeper 4.00 

1  "          .> 3.00 

3  measurers,  each. 4.00 

2  receivers,        "    3.00 

3  messengers,    "    2.00 

1  messenger v 1.00 

1  fireman .*. 2.50 

2  watchmen,  each 3.00 

33         "  "    2.00 

5  "  " 1.50 

2  "  "    1.25 

1  watchman...,  ,..  1.00 


STEAMBOAT  INSPECTION  SERVICE. 

The  Supervising  Inspector-General  of 
Steam-Vessels  is  the  head  of  this  service, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury. 

He  has  an  office  in  the  Treasury  build- 
ing, and  his  salary  is  §3500  per  annum. 

QUALIFICATIONS,   POWERS,   AND 
DUTIES. 

The  Supervising  Inspector-General 
must  be  selected  with  reference  to  his 
fitness  and  ability  to  systematize  and 
carry  into  effect  all  the  provisions  of  law 
relating  to  the  Steamboat  Inspection  Ser- 
vice. It  is  his  duty  to  superintend,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  the  administration  of  the 
steamboat  inspection  laws,  preside  at  the 
meetings  of  the  Board  of  Supervising  In- 
spectors, receive  and  examine  all  ac- 
counts of  inspectors,  report  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  upon  all  matters 
pertaining  to  his  official  duties,  and  pro- 
duce acorrectand  uniform  administration 
of  the  inspection  laws,  rules,  and  regula- 
tions. 

There  is  no   clerical   force  especially 


provided  by  appropriation  for  the  office 
of  the  Supervising  Inspector-General, 
but  the  following  clerks  are  detached 
from  other  offices  and  assigned  to  duty 
in  it: 

Per  Annum. 

1  clerk $1600 

2  clerks,  each 1200 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

SUPERVISING   INSPECTORS. 

There  are  ten  Supervising  Inspectors, 
who  are  selected  for  their  knowledge, 
skill,  and  practical  experience  in  the  uses 
of  steam  for  navigation ;  and  they  must 
be  competent  judges  of  the  character  and 
qualities  of  steam-vessels,  and  of  all  parts 
of  the  machinery  employed  in  steaming. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Supervising  In- 
spectors and  the  Supervising  Inspector- 
General  to  assemble  as  a  Board  once  in 
each  year,  in  the  city  of  Washington, 
D.  C.,  on  the  third  Wednesday  in  January, 
for  joint  consultation,  to  assign  to  each 
Supervising  Inspector  the  limits  of  terri- 
tory within  which  to  perform  his  duties ; 
and  to  establish  the  necessary  regulations 
to  carry  out  the  law  relating  to  the  Steam- 
boat Inspection  Service,  which,  when  ap- 
proved by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
have  the  force  of  law. 

Each  Supervising  Inspector  must  watch 
over  all  parts  of  the  territory  assigned  to 
him,  visit,  confer  with,  and  examine  into 
the  doings  of  the  local  boards  within  his 
district,  instruct  them  in  their  duties, 
examine  the  condition  of  vessels  licensed, 
etc.  He  must,  whenever  he  ascertains 
that  any  master,  mate,  engineer,  pilot,  or 
owner  of  any  steam-vessel  fails  to  perform 
his  duties  according  to  law,  report  the 
facts  to  the  local  board  in  the  district 
where  the  vessel  belongs,  and,  if  neces- 
sary, cause  the  offending  party  to  be 
prosecuted ;  and  in  case  he  finds  that  the 
local  board  that  inspected  the  vessel  failed 
to  do  its  duty,  report  the  facts  in  writing 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

He  supervises  the  duties  of  the  local 
inspectors,  and  harmonizes  differences  of 
opinion  existing  between  local  boards. 
He  must  report  in  writing,  at  the  annual 
meetings  of  the  Board,  the  general  busi- 
ness of  his  district,  and  the  Board  shall 
examine  into  all  the  acts  of  each  Super- 
vising Inspector  and  local  board,  and  all 
complaints  made  against  them,  and  the 
judgment  of  the  Board  in  each  case  must 
be  entered  upon  their  journal.  The  Board 
of  Supervising  Inspectors  must  establish 
such  regulations  as  will  make  known  to 
the  local  inspectors  the  names  of  all  per- 


96 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


sons  licensed ;  the  names  of  those  from 
whom  licenses  have  been  withheld,  and 
the  names  of  all  whose  licenses  have  been 
suspended  or  revoked. 

This  Board  must  establish  such  regula- 
tions to  be  observed  by  all  steam-vessels 
in  passing  each  other  as  may  be  neces- 
sary for  safety,  two  printed  copies  of 
which  to  be  furnished  to  each  vessel,  to 
be  kept  posted  up  in  conspicuous  places 
in  the  vessels. 

Number,  station,  and  pay  of  the  Super- 
vising Inspectors : 

Per  Annum. 

1  at  San  Francisco,  Cal $3000 

1       New  York  City 3000 

1       Baltimore,  Md 3000 

1       St.  Louis,  Mo 3000 

1       Galena,  111 3000 

Louisville,  Ky 3000 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 3000 

Detroit,  Mich 3000 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 3000 

New  Orleans,  La 3000 

LOCAL  INSPECTORS  — DUTIES,  NUM- 
BER, AND  PAY. 

The  Local  Inspectors  must  once  in 
each  year,  on  the  application  of  the 
owner,  inspect  the  hull  of  each  steam- 
vessel  within  their  respective  districts. 
They  must  inspect  the  boilers  of  all 
steam-vessels  before  they  are  used,  and 
once  in  every  year  thereafter.  They 
must  see  that  the  safety-valves  are  of 
suitable  dimensions,  sufficient  in  number, 
and  well  arranged  ;  that  there  are  a  suf- 
ficient number  of  gauge-cocks,  steam- 
registers,  and  low-water-gauges,  and 
many  other  appurtenances  requisite  for 
safety. 

When  the  inspection  of  a  steam-vessel 
is  completed,  and  the  Inspectors  approve 
the  vessel  and  her  equipment  throughout, 
they  must  make  and  subscribe  a  certifi- 
cate to  the  Collector  of  Customs  in  the 
district  in  which  the  inspection  has  been 
made.  The  Boards  of  Local  Inspectors 
grant  licenses  and  classify  the  masters, 
chief  mates,  engineers,  and  pilots  of  all 
steam-vessels,  and  no  person  can  serve  in 
either  of  those  capacities  without  a  license 
from  the  Inspectors.  They  must  keep  a 
record  of  certificates  of  inspection  of  ves- 
sels, their  boilers,  engines,  and  ma- 
chinery, and  of  all  their  acts  in  the  ex- 
amination and  inspection  of  steamers, 
whether  of  approval  or  disapproval. 

The  Inspectors  perform  other  proper 
duties  in  relation  to  the  inspection  of 
steamers,  their  boilers,  engines,  hulls,  and 
machinery,  which  it  is  not  deemed  neces- 
sary here  to  enumerate. 


LOCAL    INSPECTORS    OF    STEAMBOAT 
HULLS. 

Per  Annum. 
1  at  Portland,  Maine  ................  .  ..........  $1200 

1  "  Boston,  Mass  ................................  2000 

1  "  New  London,  Conn  .......................   1200 

1  "  New  York  City  .............................  2200 

1  «  Philadelphia,  Pa  ...........................  2000 

Baltimore,  Md  ..............................  2000 

1    'Norfolk,  Va  .................................  1200 

Charleston,  S.  C  ...........................   1200 

Savannah,  Ga  ...............................  1200 

New  Orleans,  La  ...........................  2200 

I  «  Mobile,  Ala  .................................  1500 

1  "  Galveston,  Texas  ...........................  1200 

1  "  St.  Louis,  Mo  ...............................  2000 

1  "  Louisville,  Ky  ..............................  2000 

1  "  San  Francisco,  Cal  ........................  2000 

1    <  Nashville,  Tenn  ...........................  1200 

1    <  Pittsburg,  Pa  ...............................  2000 

1    «  Wheeling,  W.  Va  ..........................  1200 

1    '  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ...........................  2000 

1    '  Chicago,  111  .................................  2000 

1    <  Detroit,  Mich  ...............................  2000 

1    •  Buffalo,  N.  Y  ...............................  2000 

1    '  Cleveland,  Ohio  ............................   1500 

1    '  Oswego,  N.  Y  ..............................     800 

1    '  Burlington,  Vt  ..............................     800 

1    '  Portland,  Oregon  ..........................   1200 

1    «  Memphis,  Tenn  ............................  1500 

1    <  Galena,  111  ...................................  2000 

1    '  Marquette,  Mich  ...........................     800 

1    <  Port  Huron,  Mich  ........................  2000 

1    <  Evansville,  Ind  .............................  1200 


1  "  Apalachicola.  Fla 
1  "  Milwaukee,  Wis 
1  «  Seattle,  Wash.  Ty 
1  "  Albany,  N.  Y 
1  "  Grand  Haven,  Mich 


800 
2000 

800 
1200 

900 


ASSISTANT  LOCAL   INSPECTORS   OF 
STEAMBOAT   HULLS. 

Per  Annum. 
2  at  New  York  City,  each  .....................  $2000 

1  "  New  Orleans,  La  ...........................  1600 

1  "  Baltimore,  Md  ..............................  1600 

1  "  Wheeling,  W.  Va  ..........................  1200 

LOCAL   INSPECTORS   OF   STEAMBOAT 
BOILERS. 

Per  Annum. 
1  at  Portland,  Maine  ...........................  $1200 


Boston,  Mass 2000 

New  London,  Conn 1200 

New  York  City 2200 

Philadelphia,  Pa 2000 

Baltimore,  Md 2000 

Norfolk,  Va 1200 

Charleston,  S.  C 1200 

Savannah,  Ga 1200 

New  Orleans,  La 2200 

Evansville,  Ind 1200 

Apalachicola,  Fla 800 

Milwaukee,  Wis 2000 

Seattle,  Wash.  Ty 800 

Albany,  N.  Y 1200 

Mobile,  Ala 1500 

Galveston,  Texas 1200 

San  Francisco,  Cal 2000 

St.  Louis,  Mo 2000 

Louisville,  Ky 2000 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 

1  at  Nashville,  Tenn $1200 

1    '  Pittsburg,  Pa 2000 

1    '  Wheeling,  W.  Va 1200 

1    '  Cincinnati,  Ohio 2000 

1    '  Chicago,  111 2000 

1    '  Detroit,  Mich 2000 

1  "  Buffalo,  N.  Y 2000 

1  "  Cleveland,  Ohio 1500 

1  "  Oswego,  N.  Y 800 

1  "  Burlington,  Vt 800 

1  "  Portland,  Oregon 1200 

I  "  Memphis,  Tenn : 1500 

1  «  Galena,  111 2000 

1  "  Marquette,  Mich 800 

1  "  Port  Huron,    "    2000 

1  "  Grand  Haven,  Mich 900 

ASSISTANT  LOCAL   INSPECTORS   OF 
STEAMBOAT   BOILERS. 


Per  Annum. 

2  at  New  York  City,  each  

..$2000 

1  "  Philadelphia,  Pa  

..  1600 

^  a              ((            (( 

..  1200 

1  "  St.  Louis,  Mo  

..  1600 

1  "  Pittsburg,  Pa  

..  1600 

1  "  Cincinnati,  Ohio  

..  1600 

i    it          t(              (i 

..  1200 

1  "  New  Orleans,  La  

..  1600 

1  "  Oshkosh,  Wis  

..  1200 

CLERKS    TO    LOCAL    BOARDS 

OF 

INSPECTORS. 

Per  Annum. 

1  at  New  York  City  

..$1200 

^  «     «         (i         a 

..  1000 

1    '  New  Orleans,  La  

..  1200 

1    '  Philadelphia,  Pa  

..  2200 

1    '  San  Francisco,  Cal  

..  1200 

1    '  Albany,  N.  Y  

..  1000 

1    '  Boston,  Mass  

..  1200 

1    '  Buffalo,  N.  Y  

..  1200 

1    '•  New  London,  Conn  

..     900 

LIFE-SAYING   SERVICE. 

The  Life-Saving  Service  was  reorga- 
nized by  the  act  of  June  18,  1878,  for 
the  rescue  of  life  and,  secondarily,  prop- 
erty from  stranded  or  otherwise  endan- 
gered vessels  upon  United  States  coasts. 
It  is  under  the  charge  of  a  General  Super- 
intendent, assisted  by  an  AssistantGeneral 
Superintendent.  To  facilitate  its  opera- 
tions, the  coasts  of  the  United  States  are 
divided  into  twelve  districts.  Each  district 
is  in  charge  of  a  Local  Superintendent, 
required  to  be  familiar  with  his  coast  and 
its  inhabitants,  and  to  be  an  experienced 
surfman.  The  Local  Superintendent  is 
responsible  to  the  General  Superinten- 
dent for  the  efficiency  of  his  district.  He 
selects  the  keepers  of  the  stations  therein, 
for  whose  professional  fitness  he  is  ac- 
countable. He  reports  the  condition  of 
the  station-houses,  estimates  for  the  sup- 
plies and  repairs  of  each,  and  for  the 


salaries  of  the  employe's,  and  makes  dis- 
bursements and  payments  for  the  district 
salaries,  and  the  smaller  supplies  and  re- 
pairs, under  authority  given  by  the  Gen 
eral  Superintendent. 

The  keeper  of  each  station  is  required 
to  be  an  experienced  surfman, — that  is,  a 
man  skilled  in  the  technical  art  of  man- 
aging a  boat  in  surf  and  in  wrecking 
operations.  He  selects  his  crew  of  six 
men,  for  whose  fitness  and  good  conduct 
he  is  responsible,  and  who  are  required 
to  be  able-bodied  and  skilled  surfrnen. 
He  is  the  custodian  of  the  station  and  its 
property,  the  governor  of  the  crew  in  the 
station  precincts,  the  leader  and  captain 
of  the  men  in  all  their  operations  at 
wrecks,  and  the  steersman  in  the  boat 
service.  He  is  an  inspector  of  customs, 
responsible  for  all  goods  on  stranded  ves- 
sels. His  salary  is  $400  per  annum.  His 
crew  receive  S40  a  month  per  man  while 
on  duty.  The  term  of  service  is  from 
September  to  May  of  each  year  (or  for  a 
shorter  period,  if  clement  weather  makes 
it  prudent),  upon  the  sea  and  gulf  coasts  ; 
upon  the  lakes,  from  the  opening  to  the 
close  of  navigation.  While  on  duty,  the 
keeper  and  crews  are  required  to  reside 
at  the  isolated  stations  upon  the  beaches, 
which  are  at  an  average  distance  of  five 
miles  from  each  other,  and  195  in  num- 
ber. The  duties  of  the  men  consist  in 
keeping  a  watch  by  day,  or  a  patrol  of 
the  beach  if  the  weather  is  thick  ;  and 
every  night  a  constant  patrol  from  sunset 
to  dawn,  on  the  lookout  for  stranded  or 
otherwise  endangered  vessels.  In  case 
of  a  wreck,  their  duty  is  to  rescue  those 
on  board,  either  by  going  out  to  them  in 
the  boat,  or  by  getting  line  communica- 
tion with  the  vessel,  and  bringing  the 
people  to  shore  in  the  life-car  or  breeches- 
buoy.  So  far  as  practicable,  and  not  to 
interfere  with  the  business  of  regular 
wrecking  companies,  they  are  also  re- 
quired to  save  property  upon  wrecks  and 
report  the  same  to  the  Superintendent. 

Each  district  is  under  the  charge  of  an 
Assistant  Inspector,  who  is  an  officer  of 
the  Revenue  Marine,  detailed  for  the  duty. 
He  supplements  the  Local  Superintendent 
in  the  charge  of  the  district,  continually 
visits  the  stations,  sees  that  everything 
is  in  order,  and  drills  the  crew  in  the  use 
of  the  boat  and  wreck  ordnance. 

An  officer  of  the  Revenue  Marine  is 
Inspector  of  Life-Saving  Stations,  having 
the  general  oversight  specially  exercised 
by  the  Assistant  Inspectors,  and  attend- 
ing to  the  purchase  of  all  outfits  and 
supplies  for  the  stations.  Two  officers 


98 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


of  the  Revenue  Marine  are  Superinten- 
dents of  Construction,  and  attend  to  all 
the  erections,  renovations,  and  repairs 
of  the  stations. 

The  duties  of  the  General  Superinten- 
dent are  to  govern  the  organization  herein 
sketched.  The  office  work  consists  in 
furthering  these  operations.  It  involves 
correspondence  with  the  district  officers, 
authorizing  repairs,  the  purchase  of  out- 
fits and  supplies,  tours  of  inspection,  in- 
quiries into  the  conduct  of  subordinates, 
payment  of  bills,  and  also  multifarious 
correspondence  with  outside  parties  in 
reference  to  life-saving  devices,  applica- 
tions for  position,  claims  for  service 
rendered,  and  miscellaneous  matters. 
The  accounting  business  of  the  office 
relates  to  the  disbursement,  in  small 
sums,  of  about  $500,000  per  annum, 
with  the  usual  examination  of  accounts 
and  book-keeping  involved.  The  office 
business  also  comprises  the  examination 
of  the  daily  journals  of  the  stations,  with 
the  view  of  seeing,  by  the  collation  of 
one  with  another,  that  the  intercommuni- 
cations of  patrol  are  observed,  and  also 
noting  the  condition  of  each  houvse,  and 
the  transactions  and  occurrences  thereat. 
The  property  returns  from  the  stations 
are  also  scrutinized,  and  the  office  inven- 
tories made  up  from  them.  An  impor- 
tant feature  of  the  office  work  is  the 
preparation,  annually,  of  the  statistics 
of  marine  disasters  required  by  the  act 
of  Congress  of  June  20,  1874.  The  work 
consists  in  the  collection  and  verifica- 
tion of  the  details  of  all  marine  disasters 
to  all  vessels  in  our  waters,  and  to  Amer- 
ican vessels  abroad.  The  collections  are 
made  by  correspondence  with  masters, 
owners,  collectors  of  ports,  and  by  daily 
scrutiny  of  the  marine  columns  of  news- 
papers. The  results,  in  each  instance, 
are  carefully  compared,  and  correspond- 
ence continues  with  the  proper  parties  in 
regard  to  discrepancies  or  insufficient  in- 
formation until  a  satisfactory  conclusion 
is  reached.  When  the  collections  are 
finally  made  and  verified,  they  are  ar- 
ranged for  publication  into  discriminated 
tables,  setting  forth  every  phase  of  the 
several  casualties,  such  as  their  place  of 
occurrence,  character,  extent  of  injury, 
amount  of  loss,  and  incident  mortality ; 
also  the  preparation  of  the  plans  and  speci- 
fications for  all  works  of  construction  and 
renovation. 

VOLUNTEERS. 

There  are  about  30  life-boat  stations 
where  only  enrolled  volunteer  crews  are 


employed,  and  these  men  are  paid  $10 
each  for  every  occasion  of  actual  wreck 
service,  and  $3  each  for  days  devoted 
to  drill  and  exercise,  or  to  standing  guard 
over  rescued  property. 

On  the  Pacific  coast  the  Local  Superin- 
tendent is  a  Revenue  Marine  Officer,  who 
gets  no  salary  other  than  his  regular 
pay. 


OFFICE   OF   THE   LIFE-SAVING 
SERVICE. 

Per  Annum. 

General  superintendent $4000 

Assistant  "  2500 

1  principal  clerk  and  accountant 1800 

2  clerks,  each 1600 

1  clerk 1400 

3  clerks,  each 1200 

1  clerk 1000 

4  clerks,  each 900 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

GENERAL  SERVICE  OUTSIDE  OF  WASHINGTON. 

1  superintendent  of  construction,  per  an- 

num  $2000 

3  assistant  superintendents,  each,  per 

month 100 

3  assistant  superintendents,  each,  per 

month 75 

9  superintendents  of  districts,  each,  per 

annum 1000 

2  superintendents  of  districts,  New  Jersey 

and  Long  Island   coasts,  each,  per 

annum 1500 

1  assistant  superintendent,  per  annum....     500 

170  keepers,  each,  per  annum 400 

975  surfmen,   each,   while  on   duty,  per 

month 40 

When  all  the  stations  now  authorized 
shall  be  completed,  the  number  of  surf- 
men  to  be  employed  will  reach  about 
1400. 


BUREAU  OF  STATISTICS 

PURPOSES  OF   AND   BUSINESS  TRANS- 
ACTED  BY. 

The  purpose  of  this  Bureau  is  the  col- 
lection, arrangement,  and  classification 
of  such  statistical  information  as  will 
show,  or  tend  to  show,  each  year  the  con- 
dition of  the  agriculture,  manufactures, 
and  the  domestic  trade  of  the  United 
States,  the  commerce  and  navigation  with 
foreign  countries,  including  exports  from, 
imports  into,  and  all  navigation  employed 
in  the  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States. 
It  is  made  the  duty  of  the  Chief  of  the 
Bureau  to  prepare  the  reports  and  tables 
which  will  best  show  the  same. 

To  enable  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  to 
prepare  the  annual  report  on  the  statistics 
of  commerce  and  navigation,  Collectors 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


99 


of  Customs  are  required  to  make  quarter- 
yearly  reports  thereto,  showing  the  kinds, 
quantities,  and  values  of  all  imported 
merchandise  free  from  duty,  and  subject 
to  duty;  the  kinds,  quantities,  and  values 
of  all  articles  exported  ;  the  national  char- 
acter and  tonnage  of  all  vessels  which 
depart  from  their  respective  districts  for 
foreign  countries;  also  of  all  vessels 
which  enter  their  districts  from  foreign 
countries ;  also  the  kinds,  quantities,  and 
value  of  merchandise  entered  and  cleared 
coastwise  into  and  from  their  respective 
collection  districts. 

The  Bureau  prepares  and  publishes 
monthly  reports  of  the  exports  and  im- 
ports of  the  United  States,  including  the 
quantities  and  values  of  the  goods  ware- 
housed or  withdrawn  from  warehouse, 
and  such  other  statistics  relative  to  the 
trade  and  industry  of  the  country  as  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  consider 
expedient ;  also  an  annual  statement  of 
vessels  registered,  enrolled,  and  licensed 
under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  with 
the  class,  name,  tonnage,  and  place  of 
registry  of  each  vessel,  and  such  other 
information  as  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  may  deem  proper  to  embody 
therein.  Also  an  annual  statement  of  all 
merchandise  passing  in  transit  through 
the  United  States  to  foreign  countries ; 
each  description  of  merchandise,  so  far 
as  practicable,  warehoused,  withdrawn 
from  warehouse  for  consumption,  for  ex- 
portation, for  transportation  to  other  dis- 
tricts, and  remaining  in  warehouse  at  the 
end  of  each  fiscal  year.  The  Chief  of 
the  Bureau  must  collect,  digest,  and  ar- 
range for  the  use  of  Congress  the  sta- 
tistics of  the  manufactures  of  the  United 
States,  their  localities,  sources  of  raw 
material,  markets,  exchanges  with  the 
producing  regions  of  the  country,  trans- 
portation of  products,  wages,  and  such 
other  conditions  as  are  found  to  affect 
their  prosperity. 

The  tables  in  the  report  of  the  Chief 
of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  include  sta- 
tistics in  relation  to  finance,  coinage, 
commerce,  immigration,  shipping,  the 
postal  service,  population,  railroads,  agri- 
culture, coal,  iron,  etc. 

OFFICE  FORCE    OF   THE    BUREAU    OF 
STATISTICS. 

Per  Annum . 

Chief  of  Bureau $3000 

Chief  clerk 2000 

4  clerks,  each '. 1800 

5  "  "    1600 

5       "  "   1400 


1200 


Per  Annum. 

3  clerks,  each $1000 

5  copyists,  each 900 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer 660 

1  female  laborer 480 

In  addition  to  the  above  specifically 
authorized  force,  the  sum  of  $10,000  is 
annually  appropriated  for  the  purpose  of 
enabling  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Sta- 
tistics to  collect  and  collate  statistics  and 
facts  relative  to  the  internal  and  foreign 
commerce  of  the  United  States,  out  of 
which  a  number  of  experts  are  paid. 

Each  expert  is  given  a  specific  sum  for 
furnishing  certain  facts  and  statistics 
relating  to  enumerated  branches  of  the 
subject,  and  according  to  the  labor  neces- 
sary to  procure  the  same,  usually  from 
$150  to  $400. 


LIGHT-HOUSE  ESTABLISHMENT. 

The  Light-House  Board  consists  of 
nine  members,  three  of  whom  are  civil- 
ians, three  naval  officers,  and  three  offi- 
cers of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the 
army. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  ex- 
qfficio  President  of  the  Board,  and  con- 
trols the  disbursement  of  all  moneys  ap- 
propriated for  the  Light-House  Service, 
and  the  appointment  of  all  persons  em- 
ployed therein,  except  the  army  and  navy 
officers  referred  to. 

Of  the  other  two  civilians,  one  is  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Coast  Survey,  and 
the  other  a  scientist.  The  latter  position 
was  occupied  by  Prof.  Joseph  Henry, 
from  the  formation  of  the  Board  until 
his  death.  It  is  now  filled  by  Prof. 
Henry  Morton,  President  of  the  Stevens 
Institute  of  Technology,  New  Jersey. 

The  Board  elects  its  own  Chairman, 
who,  in  the  absence  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  presides  at  its  meetings, 
and,  as  a  rule,  signs  the  more  important 
letters  addressed  to  others  than  officers  of 
the  Board. 

The  other  members  of  the  Board  on  duty 
at  its  office  are  the  Naval  Secretary,  who 
s  an  officer  of  the  navy,  and  is  assigned 
:o  duty  as  such  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
tfavy,  and  the  Engineer  Secretary,  who 
's  an  officer  of  the  army,  and  is  assigned 
;o  duty  as  such  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

The  Board  makes  its  own  regulations, 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury. 

Under    the    regulations    adopted    the 

val  Secretary  is  placed  in  charge  of 
;he  office  of  the  Light-House  Board. 


100 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


In  addition  to  this  he  is  charged  with 
the  supply  and  maintenance  of  the  lights 
and  buoyage ;  with  the  discipline  of  the 
personnel  of  the  service  ;  with  the  care 
of  the  vessels  belonging  to  the  Establish- 
ment ;  with  the  conduct  of  the  corre- 
spondence relating  to  these  several  mat- 
ters, and  with  the  performance  of  the 
duties  of  the  Engineer  Secretary  in  his 
absence. 

The  Engineer  Secretary  is  charged 
with  the  purchase  and  care  of  the  real 
estate  of  the  Establishment,  with  the 
erection  and  repair  of  the  light-houses, 
with  the  purchase  and  care  of  the  illumi- 
nating apparatus ;  with  the  correspond- 
ence relative  to  these  matters,  and  with 
the  performance  of  the  duties  of  the 
Naval  Secretary  in  his  absence. 

The  other  members  of  the  Board  serve 
on  its  various  committees,  and  make  such 
inspections  and  perform  such  other  duties 
as  may  be  assigned  to  them  by  the  Board 
through  the  Chairman. 

The  Board  was  organized  by  the  act  of 
August  31,  1852,  which  required  it  to 
make  a  plan  for  the  lighting  of  the  coasts 
(ocean,  lake,  and  river)  of  the  United 
States.  This  report  was  made  and  sub- 
mitted to  Congress,  by  which  it  was  in 
effect  adopted.  Since  that  date  appropri- 
ations have  been  made  from  time  to  time 
for  carrying  the  plan  into  operation. 

The  plan  provides,  in  brief,  for  lighting 
the  whole  coast-lines  of  the  United  States, 
including  those  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pa- 
cific, those  of  the  lakes  and  of  the  larger 
rivers. 

The  Atlantic  coast-line  is  about  5000 
miles  long ;  that  of  the  Pacific  about 
1500  ;  that  of  the  lakes  about  3000,  and 
that  of  the  rivers  about  5500  miles. 

There  are  on  the  coasts,  oceans  and 
lakes,  655,  and  on  the  rivers,  508  light- 
stations.  In  addition  to  these  there  are 
54  fog-signals,  2955  buoys,  420  day-bea- 
cons, and  25  light-ships  in  position. 

For  this  purpose  the  coasts  of  the 
United  States  are  divided  into  14  districts. 
Over  each  district  is  an  Inspector  and  an 
Engineer,  who,  under  executive  order,  are 
disbursing  officers. 

The  Inspector  is  an  officer  of  the  navy, 
the  Engineer  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers 
of  the  army.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  In- 
spector, under  the  direction  of  the  Board, 
to  supply  the  light-houses  and  light-ships 
with  lighting  material  and  with  the 
rations  and  fuel  for  keepers  •,  to  inspect 
the  lights  quarterly  ;  to  enforce  the  regu- 
lations of  the  Board,  and  otherwise 
maintain  discipline  among  the  keepers, 


nominating  them  for  promotion  and  trans- 
fer when  necessary  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  through  the  Board. 

It  is  also  the  duty  of  the  Inspector  to 
obtain,  place  in  position,  and  keep  in 
condition  the  buoys  of  his  district,  and  in 
the  absence  of  the  Engineer  to  perform 
the  Engineers  duties. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Engineer,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Board7  to  purchase 
such  land  as  is  needed  for  the  Light- 
House  Establishment ;  to  prepare  plans 
when  so  directed  ;  to  erect  new  structures, 
and  to  keep  the  old  ones  in  repair  5  to 
have  charge  of  the  illuminating  apparatus 
of  his  district,  and  to  perform  the  duties 
of  the  Inspector  in  his  absence. 

Each  Inspector  and  Engineer  has,  when 
necessary,  one  or  more  vessels,  called 
light-house  tenders,  under  his  orders, 
with  which  to  perform  his  duties ;  the 
officers  of  which  he  nominates  and  the 
crews  of  which  he  ships.  The  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  is,  by  law,  authorized 
and  required  to  assign  Collectors  of  Cus- 
toms as  Superintendents  of  Lights,  and 
it  is  their  duty  to  nominate,  through  the 
Board,  to  the  Treasury  Department  per- 
sons for  appointment  into  the  Light- 
House  Service,  and  to  pay  the  salaries  of 
such  light-keepers  as  they  may  be  directed 
to  pay.  For  this  service  each  Superinten- 
dent is  entitled  under  the  law,  where  his 
compensation  as  Collector  does  not  exceed 
$3000  a  year,  to  a  compensation  not  to 
exceed  $400  a  year,  which  compensation 
has  heretofore  been  distributed  at  the 
rate  of  2£  per  cent,  upon  the  sums  dis- 
bursed. 

LIGHT-HOUSE  DISTRICTS. 

The  following  will  give  the  limits  and 
bounds  of  the  14  Light-House  Districts: 

FIRST  DISTRICT. 

Extends  from  the  northeastern  boun- 
dary of  the  United  States  (Maine)  to  and 
including  Hampton  Harbor,  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  includes  all  aids  to  navigation 
on  the  coasts  of  Maine  and  New  Hamp- 
shire. 

SECOND  DISTRICT. 

Extends  from  Hampton  Harbor,  New 
Hampshire,  to  include  Gooseberry  Point, 
entrance  to  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  embraces 
all  the  aids  to  navigation  on  the  coast  of 
Massachusetts. 

THIRD  DISTRICT. 
Extends  from  Gooseberry  Point,  Massa- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


101 


chusetts,  to   include  Squan  Inlet,  New 
Jersey,  and  embraces  all  the  aids  to  navi- 

Sition  on  the  sea  and  sound  coasts  of 
hode    Island,    Connecticut,    and    New 
York ;  Narragansett  and  New  York  Bays, 
Providence  and  Hudson  Rivers,  White- 
hall Narrows,  and  Lake  Chainplain. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

Extends  from  Squan  Inlet,  New  Jer- 
sey, to  and  including  Metomkin  Inlet, 
Virginia.  It  includes  the  sea-coast  of 
New  Jersey  below  the  Highlands  of 
Navesink  ;  the  bay-coasts  of  New  Jersey 
and  Delaware ;  the  sea-coasts  of  Dela- 
ware and  Maryland,  and  part  of  the 
sea-coast  of  Virginia. 

FIFTH  DISTRICT. 

Extends   from   Metomkin   Inlet,   Vir- 

ginia,  to  include  New  River  Inlet,  North 
arolina,  and  embraces  part  of  the  sea- 
coast  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina, 
Chesapeake  Bay,  the  sounds  of  North 
Carolina,  and  the  James  and  Potomac 
Rivers. 

SIXTH  DISTRICT. 

Extends  from  New  River  Inlet,  North 
Carolina,  to  and  including  Cape  Canav- 
eral light-house,  Florida,  and  embraces 
part  of  the  coast  of  North  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  and  part  of  the  coast  of  Florida. 

SEVENTH  DISTRICT. 

Extends  from  Cape  Canaveral,  on  the 
eastern  coast  of  Florida,  to  the  Perdido 
River,  on  the  Gulf  Coast,  and  embraces 
all  the  aids  to  navigation  within  those 
limits. 

EIGHTH  DISTRICT. 

Extends  from  the  Perdido  River,  Flo- 
rida, to  the  Rio  Grande,  Texas,  and  em- 
braces the  coasts  of  Alabama,  Missis- 
sippi, Louisiana,  and  Texas. 

(Ninth  District  consolidated  with  the 
Eighth.) 

TENTH  DISTRICT. 

Extends  from  the  mouth  of  St.  Regis 
River,    New    York,    to    include    Grassy 
Island  light-house,  Detroit  River,  Michi- 
gan, and  embraces  all  the  aids  to  navi- 
fition  on  the  American  shores  of  Lakes 
rie    and    Ontario,    and    St.   Lawrence 
River. 

ELEVENTH  DISTRICT. 

Embraces  all  aids  to  navigation  on  the 
Northern  and  Northwestern  Lakes  above 


Grassy  Island  Light  station,  Detroit 
River,  and  includes  Lakes  St.  Clair, 
Huron,  Michigan,  and  Superior,  and  the 
straits  connecting  them. 

TWELFTH  DISTRICT. 

Embraces  all  aids  to  navigation  on  the 
Pacific  coast   of  the  United  States,  be- 
tween  the    Mexican    frontier    and    the 
southern   boundary  of  Oregon,  and   in 
eludes  the  coast  of  California. 

THIRTEENTH  DISTRICT. 

Embraces  all  aids  to  navigation  on  the 
Pacific  coast  of  the  United  "States  north 
of  the  southern  boundary  of  Oregon. 
It  extends  from  the  forty-first  parallel  of 
latitude  to  British  Columbia,  and  in- 
cludes the  coasts  of  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington Territory. 

FOURTEENTH  DISTRICT. 

Extends  from  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania, 
to  Cairo,  Illinois,  and  embraces  all  the 
aids  to  navigation  on  the  Ohio  River. 

FIFTEENTH  DISTRICT. 

Extends  on  the  Mississippi  River  from 
the  head  of  navigation  to  New  Orleans, 
and  on  the  Missouri  River  from  the  head 
of  navigation  to  its  mouth,  and  embraces 
all  the  aids  to  navigation  within  these 
limits. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  LIGHT-HOUSE  BOARD. 

Chief  clerk per  annum  $2400 

2  clerks,  each "  1800 

2      «          "    «  1600 

2      "          "    «  1400 

4      "          «    «  1200 

12    «          « «  900 

1  assistant  messenger "  720 

1  laborer "  660 

1  laborer per  day  2 

1  messenger per  month  60 

1  draughtsman "  150 

2  draughtsmen,  each "  140 

1  draughtsman "  HO 

"  «  100 

1  assistant  engineer "  200 

1  draughtsman "  175 

It  is  provided  by  law  that  there  shall 
be  detailed  from  the  Engineer  Corps  of 
the  army  such  officers  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  superintend  the  construction  and 
renovation  of  light-houses. 

There  are  employed  in  the  14  Light- 
House  Districts,  in  the  different  light- 
houses, stations,  and  light-ships,  (J95 


102 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


keepers  and  assistant  keepers,  with 
salaries  ranging  from  $100  to  $1000  per 
annum,  the  average  being  limited  by  law 
to  $600  per  annum. 

There  are  also  employed  a  number  of 
persons  as  superintendents  of  construc- 
tion, clerks  to  the  several  inspectors,  and 
engineers  and  other  employes  on  board 
of  the  light-house  tenders,  as  follows: 

Per  Annum. 

56  engineers,  each,  from $720  to  $2400 

28  clerks,  "       "    900  •<     2400 

8  messengers,     "       "    360  "       840 

26  masters,         "       "    12'00  "     1800 

32  mates,  "       "    360  "     1200 

6  keepers  of  buoy  depots  and 

tenders,  each,  from 720"     1000 

11  superintendents  of  construc- 
tion, each,  from 1200  "     2400 

5  draughtsmen,  each,  from 1500  "     2125 

2  machinists,          "     1460 

1  superintendent  of  repairs 1460 

1  "  "         "      1440 

6  lampists,  each,  from 1080  "     1460 

1  storekeeper 1500 

13  foremen,  each,  from 1200  "     1800 

1  writer  and  assistant  storekeeper 900 

1  custodian 432 

1  porter 720 

1  writer 600 

1  pilot 1500 

1  copyist 900 

1  depot-keeper 540 


MARINE-HOSPITAL  SERVICE. 

The  Marine-Hospital  Service  of  the 
United  States  was  established  by  act  of 
Congress  of  July  16,  1798,  and  as  reorga- 
nized by  acts  of  Congress  of  June  29, 
1870,  and  March  3,  1875,  is  the  medical 
department  for  the  mercantile  marine,  to 
which  are  intrusted  the  health  interests  of 
the  officers  and  crews  of  American  vessels 
engaged  in  foreign,  coastwise,  and  inland 
trade,  and  of  the  vessels  of  the  Revenue 
Marine. 

The  object  of  the  establishment  of  this 
service  was  to  encourage  fit  persons  to 
become  seamen,  by  affording  care  and 
treatment  to  such  as  may,  while  follow- 
ing their  vocation,  become  sick  or  dis- 
abled. The  service  is  chiefly  supported 
by  a  tax  of  40  cents  per  month  as  hos- 
pital-dues upon  the  wages  of  the  seamen 
while  actually  employed. 

Originally,  the  disbursement  of  the 
fund  arising  from  the  hospital-dues  was 
under  the  immediate  charge  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  but  the  admin- 
istration of  the-  service  was  soon  placed 
in  the  hands  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

The  Surgeon-General,  under  whose  im- 


mediate charge  t^e  service  is  now  placed, 
is  by  law  charged  with  the  supervision, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  of  all  matters  connected 
with  the  Marine-Hospital  Service,  and 
with  the  disbursement  of  the  fund.  The 
medical  inspection  of  seamen  with  ref- 
erence to  their  seaworthiness  previous  to 
shipment  is  also  performed  by  medical 
officers  of  this  service  when  requested  by 
the  United  States  Shipping  Commission- 
ers, or  by  the  masters  or  owners  of  ves- 

1s.  In  addition  to  the  care  of  the  sick 
and  disabled  of  the  Mercantile-Marine 
and  Revenue-Cutter  Service,  and  the 
physical  examination  of  seamen  previ- 
ous to  shipment,  the  medical  officers  of 
this  service  are  further  required  to  exam- 
ine into  the  physical  qualifications  of  offi- 
cers of  the  revenue-cutters,  and  of  the 
keepers  and  crews  of  life-saving  stations. 

Original  appointments  into  the  medi- 
cal corps  are  made  to  the  grade  of  Assist- 
ant Surgeon  only,  and  after  a  thorough 
examination  into  professional  qualifica- 
tions by  an  examining  board  of  surgeons 
of  the  service,  and  the  medical  officers 
are  assigned  to  duty  wherever  their  ser- 
vices may  be  required  from  time  to  time. 
There  are  medical  officers  of  this  service 
on  duty  at  all  the  principal  ocean,  lake, 
and  river  ports  of  the  United  States.  The 
relief-stations  of  the  service  at  which 
permanent  arrangements  have  been  made 
for  the  care  of  sick  and  disabled  seamen 
are  nearly  200,  and  the  number  of  pa- 
tients of  the  service  are  from  15,000  to 
25,000  each  year. 

This  service  is  a  peculiarly  American 
institution,  there  being  no  similar  service 
in  any  other  country.  The  provisional 
nomenclature  of  diseases  of  the  London 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  has 
been  adopted  and  published  by  the  Treas- 
ury Department  for  use  in  this  service. 

The  Marine-Hospital  Service  has  also, 
with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  adopted  the  metric  system  of 
weights  and  measures. 

Under  the  act  of  Congress  of  April  29, 
1878,  the  medical  corps  of  this  service 
was  further  charged,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  with 
certain  duties  in  aid  of  the  enforcement 
of  quarantine,  so  far  as  any  may  be  en- 
forced by  the  Government,  and  the  Sur- 
geon-General was  required  to  publish 
weekly  returns  showing  the  sanitary  con- 
dition of  foreign  ports  with  which  the 
United  States  enjoys  commercial  inter- 
course. The  duties  of  the  Marine-Hos- 
pital Service  with  reference  to  quarantine 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT* 


and  the  public  health  have  recently  been 
transferred  to-  the  National  Board  of 
Health  ;  the  latter  body  having  been  cre- 
ated by  Congress. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SUPERVISING  SURGEON- 
GENERAL. 

Per  Annum. 

Supervising  Surgeon-General $4000 

1  assistant  surgeon v. 1800 

1  medical  purveyor 2000 

3  clerks,  each 1600 

3     «  "   1400 

1  clerk 1300 

1     «    1200 

1  steward 900 

2  copyists,  each 900 

1  copyist 700 

1  messenger 800 

1  laborer,  per  month 40 

1      «  «  35 

1  «  "  20 

The  Marine-Hospital  Service  comprises 
the  following : 

Per  Annum. 

2  surgeons,  each $3000 

10      "  "    2500 

1  surgeon 2000 

1   «   \ 1600 

1   «   1200 

1   «   600 

6  passed  assistant  surgeons,  each 1800 

1  assistant  surgeon 1800 

13      "         surgeons,  each 1600 

1  acting  assistant  surgeon 1200 


surgeons,  each 


surgeon , 

surgeons,  each. 


1000 
900 
800 
600 
500 
480 
420 
360 
300 

surgeon ,.     240 

surgeons,  each 200 

«     180 

"  "     150 

1      "  "       surgeon 100 

177  other  employe's  in  hospitals,  includ- 
ing stewards,  nurses,  attendants,  eooks, 
porters,  etc.,  with  salaries  ranging  from 
$120  to  $720  per  annum. 


FIRST 


COMPTROLLER 
TREASURY. 


OF  THE 


The  office  of  Comptroller  of  the  Treas- 
ury (now  First  Comptroller)  was  estab- 
lished by  the  act  of  Congress  of  Septem- 
ber 2,  1789. 

DUTIES,   BUSINESS,   ETC. 

This  office  is  charged  with  the  exami- 
nation and  revision  of  all  civil  accounts 
except  those  relating  to  customs  and  the 
postal  service,  and,  on  appeal,  of  post- 


office  accounts  also ;  thus,  in  this  class  of 
accounts,  holding  th'e^  ultimate  power  of 
control  in  the  settlement  of -all  claims  oh 
the  Treasury.  It  is  also  We^r^eg^tivo.P 
of  the  First  Comptroller  to  cminia&dgn 
all  warrants  drawn  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  in  conformity  with  the 
laws  and  the  appropriations,  both  for 
covering  money  into  the  Treasury  and 
for  drawing  it  therefrom,  excepting  only 
those  connected  with  post-office  opera- 
tions. He  therefore,  necessarily,  has 
cognizance  of  all  revenues,  funds,  and 
appropriations,  and  he  has  also  the  nega- 
tive power  to  hold  in  check  all  disburse- 
ments of  the  public  money. 

Of  the  accounts  subject  to  his  revision 
as  aforesaid,  he  has  the  right  of  instruc- 
tion as  to  the  time  and  manner  of  stating 
them,  and  of  construction  of  the  laws 
applicable  to  their  settlement ;  and  in  the 
revision  and  adjustment  thereof,  he  de- 
cides what  is  admissible;  and  he  may  al- 
low or  reject,  or  suspend  or  modify  any 
or  all  of  the  items  therein,  and  his  cer- 
tificate to  the  Register  of  the  Treasury  of 
the  balances  arising  thereon  is  the  high- 
est authority  in  the  matter  of  an  account 
known  to  the  Department. 

The  First  Comptroller  has  also  au- 
thority to  superintend  the  preservation 
of  said  accounts  and  the  recovery  of  the 
dues  to  the  United  States  as  thus  found 
and  certified,  and  to  direct  suits  and  legal 
proceedings  for  the  purpose;  and  he  is 
the  custodian  of  the  bonds  and  contracts 
relating  to  matters  coming  within  his 
jurisdiction. 

He  has  also  appellate  jurisdiction,  only, 
in  the  settlement  of  the  accounts  arising 
in  the  Post-Office  Department;  and  when- 
ever the  Postmaster-General,  or  any  per- 
son whose  account  is  settled  by  the  Sixth 
Auditor,  is  dissatisfied,  either  can  make  ap- 
peal within  twelve  months  after  said  set- 
tlement to  the  First  Comptroller,  whose 
decision  thereon  is  final. 

The  First  Comptroller  also  passes  upon 
and  approves  the  sufficiency  of  all  bonds 
of  contractors,  disbursing  agents,  Collec- 
tors of  Internal  Revenue,  receivers,  mar- 
shals, consuls,  and  others  giving  bonds 
in  connection  with  revenue  and  the  civil 
and  diplomatic  accounts  of  the  Govern- 
ment, and  takes  charge  of  the  same, 
which  are  filed  in  his  office. 


ACCOUNTS  REVISED  BY  FIRST  COMP- 
TROLLER. 

In  pursuance,  therefore,  of  the  powers 
with  which   the   First  Comptroller   has 


104 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


been  invested,  with  a  view  to  a  check  on 
frauds  by  the  double  examination  of 
claims,  first  by  an  Auditor,  then  by  the 
Comptroller,  this  office  receives  for  re- 
vision all  accounts  stated  by  the  Fifth 
Auditor  and  the  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office,  and  all  accounts 
stated  by  the  First  Auditor,  except  those 
relating  to  customs,  and,  in  cases  of  ap- 
peal, the  post-office  accounts. 

The  accounts  thus  received  for  exami- 
nation and  decision  from  the  First  Audi- 
tor pertain  to  the  Judiciary,  the  United 
States  Treasurer,  the  Loans  and  Public 
Debt,  the  salaries  of  the  Civil  List,  the 
construction  and  repair  of  Public  Build- 
ings, the  Contingent  expenses  of  Congress 
and  the  Departments,  the  Paper  and  Pub- 
lic Printing,  the  Territories,  the  District 
of  Columbia,  the  Mint,  Steamboat  Inspec- 
tors, Express  accounts,  etc. 

From  the  Fifth  Auditor,  the  Diplomatic 
and  Consular  accounts,  the  Internal  Rev- 
enue accounts,  the  Census  accounts. 

From  the  General  Land  Office,  accounts 
of  Surveyors,  and  Receivers  of  public 
moneys. 

This  great  variety  of  accounts,  as  classi- 
fied and  reported  with  serial  numbers, 
constitute  eight  distinct  series  of  ac- 
counts. These  accounts,  with  accom- 
panying reports  thereon,  are  all  ex- 
amined, corrected,  certified,  and  recorded 
in  this  office,  and  then  referred  to  the 
office  of  the  Register  of  the  Treasury. 
The  records  of  this  office,  as  kept  by  the 
warrant  clerks,  furnish  the  key  to  the 
condition  of  the  Treasury,  including  the 
receipts  and  expenditures,  the  funds  and 
appropriations. 


MANNER  OF  CONDUCTING  THE  BUS- 
INESS IN  THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  FIRST 
COMPTROLLER. 

No  short  statement  can  give  the  modus 
operandi  of  the  work  of  this  office.  The 
duties  are  too  manifold,  and  the  details 
are  too  multifarious  to  be  embraced  in 
any  brief  article. 

To  the  Comptroller  the  clerks  look  for 
the  construction  of  the  law  ;  and  the 
clerical  duties  and  labors  of  the  office  are 
distributed  among  the  several  divisions 
of  the  office,  each  being  charged  with  its 
appropriate  work. 

This  office  embraces  the  following  di- 
visions, namely :  Judicial  Accounts,  For- 
eign Intercourse,  Internal  Revenue,  and 
Book-keepers'  Division. 


FORCE    IN   THE   OFFICE  OF  THE  FIRST    COMP- 
TROLLER. 

Per  Annum. 

First  Comptroller $5000 

Deputy  Comptroller 2700 

4  chiefs  of  division,  each 2100 

5  clerks,  each 1800 


10 

10 

7 

4 

7 

1  assistant  messenger. 

3  laborers,  each 


1600 

1400 

1200 

1000 

900 

720 

660 


SECOND  COMPTROLLER  OF  THE 
TREASURY. 

DUTIES,  BUSINESS,  ETC. 

The  Second  Comptroller's  Office  was 
established  by  act  of  Congress  of  March 
3,  1817,  and  to  it  was  assigned  the  re- 
vision of  all  accounts  passed  upon  by  the 
Second,  Third,  and  Fourth  Auditors  re- 
spectively, and  the  countersigning  of  all 
warrants  drawn  by  the  Secretaries  of  the 
War  and  Navy  Departments. 

The  original  act  also  provided  that  the 
Second  Comptroller  should  prescribe  the 
official  forms  to  be  issued  in  the  different 
offices  of  these  two  Departments  for  the 
disbursement  of  the  public  money,  and 
the  manner  and  form  of  keeping  and 
stating  accounts. 

Upon  the  establishment  of  the  Interior 
Department,  March  3,  1849,  there  was 
added  to  the  Second  Comptroller's  duties 
the  revision  of  all  Indian  and  Pension 
accounts,  and,  consequently,  the  counter- 
signing of  all  requisitions  issued  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  pertaining  to 
these  classes  of  accounts. 

The  Second  Comptroller's  Office  is  the 
custodian  of  all  bonds  of  the  disbursing 
officers  of  the  War  and  Navy  Depart- 
ments, and  the  Indian  and  Pension  Offices, 
as  well  as  the  originals  of  all  contracts 
made  by  these  Departments  and  Offices 
for  the  furnishing  of  all  supplies,  doing 
any  work,  and  the  transportation  of  any 
goods  or  materials. 

The  clerical  force  of  the  office  is  divided 
into  divisions,  to  each  of  which  is  as- 
signed the  special  duty  of  revising  some 
particular  class  of  accounts.  These  di- 
visions are : 

Army  Paymasters  Division,  which  re- 
ceives direct  from  the  Second  Auditor  all 
accounts  of  Army  Paymasters  5  bounties 
to  soldiers ;  back  pay  due  deceased  offi- 
cers and  soldiers ;  disbursing  officers  of 
National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteers ; 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


105 


Ordnance  and  Medical  accounts,  and 
Contingent  Military  expenses. 

Navy  Paymaster'1  s  Division,  which  re- 
ceives all  of  the  accounts  passed  upon  by 
the  Fourth  Auditor,  to  wit :  Paymasters 
on  ships,  at  home,  and  on  foreign  sta- 
tions ;  Paymasters  at  navy-yards ;  Pay- 
master and  Quartermaster  or  the  Marine 
Corps  ;  bounties  to  seamen  and  marines  ; 
back  pay  of  officers  and  enlisted  men 
transferred  and  discharged,  or  deceased  ; 
Naval  Pension  Agents,  and  Financial 
Agent  at  London. 

Quartermaster'' s  Division,  which  re- 
ceives from  the  Third  Auditor  all  a'c- 
counts  of  the  disbursing  officers  of  the 
Quartermaster,  Subsistence,  and  Engineer 
Departments  of  the  Army. 

Indian  Division,  which  receives  from 
the  Second  Auditor  all  accounts  of  Super- 
intendents, Agents,  Inspectors  of  the 
Indian  Department,  and  all  contractors 
for  furnishing  supplies  or  transportation 
of  supplies  for  that  Department. 

Miscellaneous  Division,  which  receives 
from  the  Third  Auditor  claims  arising 
for  horses  lost  during  the  war ;  supplies 
of  all  kinds  furnished  the  Army  or  taken 
by  the  Army ;  steamboats  chartered  or 
impressed ;  claims  allowed  by  the  Court 
of  Claims  and  Southern  Claims  Commis- 
sion. 

Army  Pension  Division,  which  receives 
from  the  Third  Auditor  all  the  accounts 
of  Army  Pension  Agents. 

The  book-keepers'  room,  where  all  the 
requisitions  issued  by  the  War  and  Navy 
Departments,  and  those  issued  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  relating  to  Pen- 
sions and  Indians,  are  registered  and 
posted  under  each  head  of  appropriation. 

The  manner  of  doing  the  business  of 
this  office  is  the  same  in  all  the  divisions. 
The  accounts  and  claims  a.re  received 
from  the  Auditors'  Offices  and  sent  direct 
to  the  Chief  of  the  proper  division,  where 
they  are  at  once  registered  alphabetically 
and  chronologically. 

These  accounts  and  claims  are  next 
examined  in  turn  by  the  clerks  of  the 
division,  in  the  same  manner  as  if  they 
had  not  been  before  examined.  Each 
mathematical  calculation  is  gone  over, 
and  every  expenditure  is  carefully  scru- 
tinized as  to  its  legality  and  the  appro- 
priation out  of  which  it  should  be  paid. 
In  all  cases  of  expenditure  under  con- 
tract, the  contracts  are  examined  in  con- 
nection with  the  accounts. 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  revision  of 
an  account  or  claim,  it  is  submitted  to 
the  Chief  of  Division,  who,  if  the  revision 


agrees  with  the  report  made  by  the  Au- 
ditor thereon,  places  his  initials  upon  the 
report,  and  it  is  then  sent  to  the  Comp- 
troller for  signature,  and  returned  to  the 
Auditor  with  all  the  papers.  The  papers 
are  then  filed,  with  the  exception  of  the 
report  (which  bears  the  signatures  of  the 
Auditor  and  Comptroller)  showing  the 
official  balance  either  for  or  against  the 
United  States. 

In  cases  of  settlements  showing  a  bal- 
ance due  from  the  United  States,  the 
report  is  transmitted  to  the  head  of  the 
Department  under  which  the  allowance 
properly  belongs,  for  the  issue  of  his 
requisition  upon  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  for  the  issue  of  his  warrant  for 
the  money. 

When  in  the  revision  of  an  account 
this  office  fails  to  agree  with  the  finding 
of  the  Auditor,  the  question  is  submitted 
to  the  Comptroller  in  person,  and  if  he 
sustains  the  objections,  the  account,  with 
all  the  papers,  is  returned  to  the  Auditor 
with  the  objections. 

In  most  instances  the  Auditor  corrects 
his  report  to  correspond  with  the  ruling 
of  the  Comptroller,  but  if  he  adheres  to 
his  first  finding,  as  is  sometimes  the  case, 
the  account  is  returned  with  such  a 
statement,  when  this  office  may  yield  or 
find  a  balance  in  accordance  with  its  own 
views,  which  finding  is  binding  upon  all 
the  Departments  and  the  Auditor. 

FORCE  IN  THE  OFFICE  OF  SECOND  COMPTROLLER. 

Per  Annum. 

Second  Comptroller $5000 

Deputy  Comptroller 2700 

5  chiefs  of  division,  each 2100 

8  clerks,  each 1800 

1600 

, 1400 

1200 

1000 

900 

840 

3  laborers,  each 660 


COMPTROLLER  OF  THE  CURRENCY 

The  Bureau  of  the  Comptroller  of  the 
Currency  was  established  by  the  act  of 
February  25,  1863,  which  act  was  super 
seded  by  that  of  June  3, 1864.  Its  chief 
officer  is  denominated  the  Comptroller  of 
the  Currency,  and  he  is  under  the  general 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
A  deputy  is  provided  for  by  law,  who  pos- 
sesses the  powers  and  performs  the  duties 
attached  by  law  to  the  office  of  the  Comp- 
troller during  a  vacancy  in  s.uch  office,  or 


106 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


during  the  absence   or  inability  of  the 
Comptroller. 

Neither  the  Comptroller  nor  the  Deputy 
Comptroller  may,  either  directly  or  in- 
directly, be  interested  in  any  association 
issuing  National  currency. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  COMPTROLLER,  AND 
FORMATION  OF  NATIONAL  BANKING 
ASSOCIATIONS. 

The  Comptroller  is  charged  with  the 
execution  of  all  laws  respecting  the  issue 
and  regulation  of  a  National  currency, 
secured  by  United  States  bonds.  Secure 
and  fire-proof  vaults  are  provided  in 
the  Treasury  Department,  in  which  the 
Comptroller  must  deposit  and  safely  keep 
all  the  plates  not  necessarily  in  the  pos- 
session of  engravers  or  printers. 

A  National  banking  association  may 
be  formed  by  any  number  of  persons  not 
less  than  five,  who  must  execute  articles 
of  association,  specifying  in  general  terms 
the  object  for  which  the  association  is 
formed.  The  articles  may  contain  any 
other  provisions,  not  inconsistent  with 
law,  for  the  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the 
banks,  and  must  be  signed  by  all  the  per- 
sons so  uniting,  and  be  forwarded  to  the 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  to  be  filed 
in  his  office.  They  must  also  make  an 
organization  certificate,  which  shall 
specify, 

1st.  The  name  assumed  by  the  asso- 
ciation, which  name  is  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Comptroller. 

2d.  The  place  where  its  operations  of 
discount  and  deposit  are  to  be  carried  on. 

3d.  The  amount  of  its  capital  stock, 
and  the  number  of  shares  into  which  the 
same  is  divided. 

4th.  The  names  and  residences  of  the 
shareholders,  and  the  number  of  shares 
held  by  each. 

5th.  A  declaration  that  said  certificate 
is  made  to  enable  them  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  advantages  of  the  National 
bank  act. 

This  certificate  must  be  acknowledged 
before  a  judge  of  a  court  of  record,  or  a 
notary  public,  and  be  transmitted  to  the 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  whose  duty 
it  is  to  record  and  carefully  preserve  it  in 
hispffice. 

A  National  banking  association  has 
succession  by  the  name  designated  in  its 
organization  certificate  for  a  period  of 
twenty  years,  unless  sooner  dissolved. 

No  association  can  be  organized  with 
a  less  capital  than  $100,000,  nor  in  cities 
where  the  population  exceeds  50,000  per- 


sons, with  a  less  capital  than  $200,000 ; 
except  that  in  any  place  having  less  than 
6000  inhabitants  banks  may,  with  the 
special  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  be  organized  with  not  less 
than  $50,000  capital. 

No  increase  or  reduction  of  the  au- 
thorized capital  of  an  association  can  be 
made  without  the  approval  of  the  Comp- 
troller of  the  Currency  being  first  ob- 
tained, and  no  increase  is  valid  until  the 
whole  amount  is  actually  paid  in  and  cer- 
tified to  under  oath. 

Fifty  per  centum  of  the  capital  stock 
must  be  paid  in  before  commencing  busi- 
ness, and  the  remainder  in  monthly  in- 
stalments of  ten  per  centum  each.  They 
must  also  transfer  and  deposit  with  the 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States  registered 
bonds,  in  an  amount  not  less  than 
$30,000,  nor  less  than  one-third  of  the 
capital  stock  paid  in.  But  by  a  late 
act  the  maximum  amount  of  bonds  re- 
quired for  any  bank  is  $50,000. 

One  of  the  provisions  in  the  grant  of 
powers  to  National  banking  associations 
is  that  the  National  banks  may  loan 
money  upon  personal  security  only, — 
that  is,  real  estate  may  not  be  taken  by 
them,  directly  or  indirectly,  as  original 
security  for  any  loan ;  the  effect  of  which 
is  to  make  them  commercial  institutions, 
and  to  discourage  the  loaning  of  money 
upon  securities  not  readily  convertible. 

Mortgages  on  real  estate  may  be  taken, 
or  real  estate  be  conveyed  to  them,  by 
way  of  security  for  or  in  satisfaction  of 
debts  previously  contracted  in  good  faith; 
or  they  may  purchase  the  same  at  sales 
under  judgments,  decrees,  or  mortgages 
held  by  them.  But  all  possession  by 
them  of  such  real  estate,  whether  under 
mortgage,  by  purchase,  or  otherwise,  ia 
limited  to  five  years. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Comptroller  of 
the  Currency  to  examine  and  ascer- 
tain whether  all  provisions  of  law  have 
been  complied  with,  before  issuing  his 
authority  to  the  same  to  commence  busi- 
ness. 

Transfers  of  bonds  by  banking  asso- 
ciations are  made  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States  in  trust,  and  no  transfer  or 
assignment  by  the  Treasurer  of  such  bonds 
is  valid  unless  countersigned  by  the  Comp. 
troller.  The  Comptroller  must  keep  in  his 
office  a  book  in  which  is  entered  the  name 
of  every  association  from  whose  accounts 
transfers  of  bonds  are  made  by  the  Treas- 
urer, and  the  name  of  the  person  to 
whom  the  transfer  is  made.  The  par 
value  of  transferred  bonds  is  entered 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


107 


therein  ;  and  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Comp- 
troller, immediately  upon  countersigning 
and  entering  the  same,  to  advise  by  mail 
the  association  for  whose  account  such 
transfer  was  made  of  the  kind  and  nu- 
merical designation  of  the  bonds  and  the 
amount  thereof. 

The  Comptroller  must  countersign  and 
enter  in  a  book  every  transfer  or  assign- 
ment of  any  bonds  held  by  the  Treasurer, 
presented  for  his  signature,  and  at  all 
times,  during  office  hours,  he  is  entitled 
to  access  to  the  books  of  the  Treasurer 
for  the  purpose  of  verifying  the  correct- 
ness of  the  transfer  or  assignment,  and 
he  may  also  have  access  to  the  bonds  on 
deposit  with  the  Treasurer,  to  ascertain 
their  amount  and  condition. 

Upon  the  transfer  and  delivery  of  any 
United  States  bonds  to  the  Treasurer,  the 
association  depositing  the  same  is  entitled 
to  receive  from  the  Comptroller  circulating 
notes  equal  to  ninety  per  centum  of  the 
current  market  value  of  the  bonds  so  de- 
livered, but  not  exceeding  ninety  per 
centum  of  the  amount  of  said  bonds  at 
par  value  thereof,  if  bearing  interest  at 
a  rate  of  not  less  than  five  per  centum 
per  annum. 

The  amount  of  circulating  notes  which 
may  be  issued  to  any  association  must 
not,  however,  exceed  the  following  pro- 
portion :  To  each  association  whose  capi- 
tal does  not  exceed  $500,000,  ninety  per 
centum  of  such  capital  ;  to  those  whose 
capital  exceeds  $500,000,  but  not  $1,000- 
000,  eighty  per  centum  of  such  capital ; 
and  to  those  whose  capital  exceeds  $3,- 
000,000,  sixty  per  centum  of  such  capital. 

The  Comptroller  must,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
cause  plates  and  dies  to  be  engraved,  and 
to  have  printed  therefrom,  and  numbered, 
such  quantity  of  circulating  notes,  in 
blank,  of  the  various  denominations,  as 
will  be  required  to  supply  the  associa- 
tions entitled  to  receive  the  same.  When 
the  promise  to  pay  such  notes  on  demand 
is  signed  by  the  President,  or  Vice-Presi- 
dent, and  Cashier  of  the  association,  it 
is  authorized  to  issue  and  circulate  the 
same  as  money.  These  notes  are  issued 
in  the  denominations  of  (dollars)  ones, 
twos,  fives,  tens,  twenties,  fifties,  one 
hundreds,  five  hundreds,  and  one  thou- 
sands ;  but  since  the  resumption  of  specie 
payments  no  notes  of  the  denomination 
of  ones  and  twos  have  been  issued,  the 
law  providing  that  after  specie  payments 
are  resumed  no  notes  of  a  less  denomina- 
tion than  five  dollars  shall  be  furnished. 

The   amount  of  National  bank  notes 


outstanding  on  November  1,  1879,  was 
$335,841,388  (of  legal  tender  notes  $346.- 
681,016). 

The  officers  of  National  banks  are  re- 
quired to  make  returns  under  oath  to 
the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  and 
to  pay  to  him  in  semi-annual  instal- 
ments an  annual  duty  of  one  per  cent, 
upon  the  average  amount  of  their  circu- 
lating notes,  one-half  of  one  per  cent, 
upon  the  average  amount  of  their  de- 
posits, and  a  like  rate  upon  the  average 
amount  of  their  capital  stock  beyond  the 
amount  invested  in  United  States  bonds. 
This  duty  is  in  lieu  of  all  other  Govern- 
ment taxes. 

The  payment  to  the  United  States  of 
the  duties  named  does  not,  however,  re- 
lieve the  National  banks  from  any  lia- 
bility to  taxation  by  other  than  Govern- 
ment authority,  as  it  is  expressly  provided 
that  nothing  in  the  act  shall  prevent  the 
shares  of  these  associations  from  being 
taxed  by  States,  as  is  other  similar  prop- 
erty, or  shall  exempt  their  real  property 
from  State,  county,  or  municipal  taxa- 
tion, to  the  same  extent  as  other  real 
property. 

The  United  States  tax  paid  by  them 
amounts  to  nearly  seven  millions  an- 
nually, and  is  equal  to  two  per  centum 
upon  the  total  amount  of  National  bank 
circulation. 

A  system  of  redemption  of  the  circu- 
lating notes  of  the  National  banks  is  pro- 
vided, whereby  not  only  may  they  be 
readily  converted  into  lawful  money,  but 
the  mass  of  the  circulation  may  be  kept 
clean  through  the  retirement  of  such 
portion  as  becomes  worn  or  mutilated, 
and  the  issue  of  new  notes  by  the  Comp- 
troller in  their  stead.  This  redemption 
is  accomplished  and  compelled  by  requir- 
ing, first,  that  each  National  bank  shall 
redeem  its  circulating  notes  at  its  own 
counter,  at  par,  in  lawful  money  on 
demand  ;  second,  that  the  notes  of  all 
closed  banks  shall  be  redeemed  by  the 
Treasurer;  third,  that  all  worn,  muti- 
lated, or  defaced  National  bank  notes 
which  are  received  by  any  assistant 
treasurer  or  designated  depositary  of 
the  United  States  shall  be  forwarded 
to  the  Treasurer  for  redemption  ;  and, 
fourth,  by  providing  that  when  the  notes 
of  any  associations,  assorted  or  unas- 
sorted, are  presented  in  sums  of  $1000, 
or  any  multiple  thereof,  to  the  Treasurer, 
they  shall  be  redeemed  by  that  officer. 
The  Government  is  indemnified  for  all  re- 
demptions made  by  it,  either  by  the  bonds 
which  it  holds,  as  in  the  case  of  insolvent 


108 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


banks,  or  by  a  deposit  of  lawful  money 
which  is  required  to  be  previously  made 
by  all  other  banks. 

If  a  National  bank  fails  to  pay  its  cir- 
culating notes,  the  Comptroller  is  author- 
ized to  sell  its  bonds  and  provide  for  the 
payment.  The  Government  is  indemni- 
fied against  any  possible  loss  from  its 
guaranty  of  the  payment  of  such  circu- 
lating notes,  by  having  reserved  to  it  by 
law  a  paramount  lien  upon  all  the  assets 
of  any  association  which  defaults  in  the 
redemption  of  its  notes,  to  make  good 
any  deficiency  arising  from  the  sale  of 
its  bonds. 

The  destruction  of  all  mutilated  notes 
and  of  notes  of  closed  banks,  redeemed 
by  the  Treasurer,  is  regulated  by  instruc- 
tions of  the  Secretary,  given  in  pursu- 
ance of  law.  All  notes  destroyed  are 
previously  counted  by  separate  agents  or 
representatives  of  the  Secretary,  the 
Treasurer,  the  Comptroller  of  the  Cur- 
rency, and  the  banks  which  issued  the 
notes  ;  they  are  effectually  mutilated  by 
clipping  and  punching,  to  prevent  their 
possible  circulation  should  they  by  any 
remote  chance  pass  out  of  the  possession 
of  the  Treasury  before  destruction  ;  they 
are,  in  the  presence  of  each  of  the  agents 
mentioned,  placed  in  a  triple-locked  ma- 
cerating machine,  where  they  are  imme- 
diately ground  into  pulp;  and  their  de- 
struction is  certified  to  by  all  the  agents, 
both  upon  proper  books  in  the  Treasury 
Department  and  in  certificates  sent  to  the 
banks  of  issue. 

Every  association  must  make  to  the 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency  not  less 
than  five  reports  in  each -year,  exhibiting 
in  detail  the  resources  and  liabilities  of 
the  association  on  any  past  day  by  him 
specified.  The  separate  report  of  each 
association  must  be  published  in  a  news- 
paper in  the  place  where  the  association 
is  established,  or,  if  there  is  no  news- 
paper in  the  place,  then  in  the  nearest 
one  thereto. 

Upon  notice  of  failure  of  any  asso- 
ciation to  redeem  its  circulating  notes, 
the  Comptroller,  with  the  concurrence  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  may  ap- 
point a  special  agent,  and  direct  him  to 
proceed  to  examine  as  to  the  failure,  and 
make  report  to  the  Comptroller ;  and  if  it 
be  true  that  the  association  has  refused  to 
pay  its  circulating  notes,  he  shall  within 
30  days  declare  the  United  States  bonds 
and  securities  pledged  by  such  associa- 
tion forfeited  to  the  United  States,  and  the 
notes  shall  then  be  paid  in  lawful  money 
of  the  United  States  at  the  Treasury. 


The  Comptroller  may  appoint  a  receiver 
to  close  the  affairs  of  any  defaulting  as* 
sociation. 

In  addition  to  the  means  for  acquiring 
a  knowledge  of  the  condition  of  the  banks 
furnished  by  the  reports  already  inen- 
ioned,  the  law  provides  for  their  exami- 
nation periodically  by  disinterested  per- 
sons to  be  appointed  by  the  Comptroller. 
These  persons  visit  the  banks,  inspect 
;heir  books  of  account,  securities,  and 
assets  and  liabilities  generally,  have 
3ower  to  examine  their  officers  and  direc- 
;ors  under  oath,  and  inquire  into  all 
matters  necessary  to  a  full  understanding 
of  their  actual,  existing  condition,  and 
then  make  immediate  and  full  report  in 
writing  of  the  results  of  such  examina- 
tion. This  feature  of  the  law  is  an  in- 
valuable one,  operating  not  only  as  a 
restraint  against  irregular  practices  by 
any  banks  so  disposed,  but  as  a  means 
of  detecting  them  and  preventing  their 
recurrence.  These  examinations  may  be 
as  frequent  as  is  thought  necessary,  and 
their  expense  is  borne  by.  the  banks 
themselves. 

National  Bank  Examiners  are  allowed 
compensation  as  follows :  Those  appointed 
to  examine  banks  located  in  the  redemp- 
tion-cities, namely,  Albany,  Baltimore, 
Boston,  Charleston,  Chicago,  Cincinnati, 
Cleveland,  Detroit,  Louisville,  Milwau- 
kee, New  Orleans,  New  York,  Philadel- 
phia, Pittsburg,  Ilichmond,  St.  Louis, 
San  Francisco,  and  Washington,  or  in 
any  one  of  the  States  of  Oregon,  Cali- 
fornia, and  Nevada,  or  in  the  Territories, 
such  compensation  as  may  be  fixed  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  upon  the 
recommendation  of  the  Comptroller  of 
the  Currency. 

Those  appointed  to  examine  any  other 
National  bank:  For  examining  National 
banks  having  a  capital  less  than  §100,000, 
$20;  those  having  a  capital  of  $100,000 
and  less  than  $300,000,  $25 ;  those  hav- 
ing a  capital  of  $300,000  and  less  than 
$400,000,  $35  ;  those  having  a  capital  of 
$400,000  and  less  than  $500,000,  $40; 
those  having  a  capital  of  $500,000  and 
less  than  $600,000,  $50 ;  those  having  a 
capital  of  $600,000  and  over,  $75. 

On  November  1,  1879,  there  were  2050 
associations  in  operation,  with  a  capital 
of  more  than  $455,000,000,  and  with 
deposits  amounting  to  more  than  $713,- 
000,000. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Comptroller  of 
the  Currency  to  make  the  following  re- 
ports to  Congress  annually : 

First.  A  summary  of  the  condition  of 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


109 


every  association,  with  an  abstract  of 
the  whole  amount  of  banking  capital 
returned  by  each,  the  whole  amount  of 
its  debts  and  liabilities,  the  amount  of 
circulating  notes  outstanding,  and  the 
total  amount  of  means  and  resources. 

Second.  A  statement  of  the  associa- 
tions whose  business  has  been  closed 
during  the  year,  with  the  amount  of  their 
circulation  redeemed,  and  the  amount 
outstanding. 

Third.  Any  amendment  to  the  laws 
relative  to  banking  by  which  the  system 
may  be  improved,  and  the  security  of  the 
holders  of  its  notes  and  other  creditors 
may  be  increased. 

Fourth.  The  whole  amount  of  the 
expenses  of  the  Banking  Department 
during  the  year. 

Fifth.  A  statement  exhibiting  the 
resources,  liabilities,  and  condition  of  the 
banks,  banking  companies,  and  savings 
banks  organized  under  the  laws  of  the 
several  States  and  Territories. 

The  Office  of  the  Comptroller  of  the 
Currency  has  the  following  divisions, 
namely:  Organization,  Issue.  Redemp- 
tion, Reports. 

FORCE  OF  THE   OFFICE  OF  THE  COMPTROLLER 
OF  THE  CURRENCY. 

Per  Annum. 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency §5000 

Deputy  Comptroller 2800 

4  chiefs  of  division,  each 2200 

1  superintendent  National  currency 2000 

1  teller 2000 

1  book-keeper 2000 

1  assistant  book-keeper 2000 

Ibond  clerk 2000 

1  stenographer 1600 

7  clerks,  each 1800 

11     "          «   1600 

8  "  «   1400 

8  "  «   1200 

2  "  "   1000 

34  "  "  900 

1  messenger 840 

3  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

2  night  watchmen  (for  the  vaults) 720 

3  laborers,  each 660 


COMMISSIONER  OF  CUSTOMS. 

DUTIES,  BUSINESS,  ETC. 

The  duties  performed  and  powers  exer- 
cised by  the  Commissioner  of  Customs 
were  originally  lodged  with  the  First 
Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  and  this 
office  may  be  said  to  be  an  outgrowth  of 
the  latter.  As  the  nation  grew,  the 
natural  increase  of  business  devolved  on 
the  First  Comptroller  many  duties  not  at 
first  considered,  and  as  the  customs  were 


the  chief  source  of  revenue  to  the  Gov- 
ernment, it  seemed  necessary  that  one 
officer  should  give  his  undivided  attention 
to  the  settlement  of  accounts  connected 
with  this  branch  of  the  public  service. 
Congress,  by  act  of  March  3, 1849,  recog- 
nized this  necessity,  and  by  the  twelfth 
section  of  that  act  created  the  Office  of 
Commissioner  of  Customs,  which  from 
the  powers  and  duties  attached  would 
more  appropriately  have  been  named 
Third  Comptroller,  the  duties  of  a  Com- 
missioner of  Customs  proper  being  and 
still  remaining  with  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

The  accounts  of  that  class  of  public 
officers  who  are  charged  with  the  collec- 
tion from  the  people  of  the  imposts  on 
merchandise  brought  from  abroad,  and 
the  regulation  under  law  of  the  commerce 
of  the  country,  are  rendered  to  the  First 
Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  by  whom  they 
are  examined,  and  what  is  technically 
called  a  statement  is  made,  which  in 
mercantile  affairs  would  be  called  a  state- 
ment of  account  rendered,  all  items  of 
debit  and  credit  being  properly  arranged, 
balance  struck,  and  a  statement  of  all 
errors  and  omissions  appended.  The 
account  with  this  statement  is  then  trans- 
mitted to  the  Commissioner  of  Customs, 
where  it  undergoes  its  final  revision,  and 
is  carefully  examined  as  to  facts,  figures, 
and  law.  As,  for  instance,  what  is  called 
an  account  of  customs,  which  is  an 
itemized  account  of  duties  on  imported 
goods,  is  examined  by  the  law  to  see  that 
the  rate  of  duty  is  correct,  that  the  cal- 
culations are  correct,  and  that  the  money 
has  been  paid  into  the  Treasury.  It  is 
then  certified  to  the  Register  of  the 
Treasury,  and  the  officer  from  whom  the 
account  is  received  is  notified  of  its  cer- 
tification or  settlement,  with  a  statement 
of  all  errors,  omissions,  or  corrections 
which  appear  therein. 

The  Office  of  Commissioner  of  Customs 
is  divided  as  follows:  Customs  Division, 
Book-keepers'  Division,  and  Miscella- 
neous Division. 

FORCE  IN  THE  OFFICE  OF  COMMISSIONER  OP- 
CUSTOMS. 

Per  Annum. 

Commissioner  of  Customs $4000 

Deputy  Commissioner 2250 

2  chiefs  of  division,  each 2100 

2  clerks,  each 1800 

4       "          "   1600 

10     "          "   1400 

9       "          "   1200 

3  "          "   1000 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer...,  .     660 


110 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


FIRST  AUDITOR. 

DUTIES,  BUSINESS,  ETC. 

The  Office  of  First  Auditor  was  estab- 
lished by  the  act  of  Congress  of  Septem- 
ber 2, 1789. 

It  is  the  duty  of  this  office  to  receive 
and  examine  the  following  accounts : 

All  accounts  relating  to  the  receipt 
and  disbursement  on  account  of  Customs 
and  the  Revenue-Cutter  Service.  The 
accounts  of  Customs  are  received  and  ad- 
justed monthly,  and  include  the  duties 
on  imports,  marine-hospital  dues,  and 
duties  on  tonnage  ;  the  disbursement  ac- 
counts comprise  the  salaries  of  all  cus- 
toms officers  and  the  incidental  expenses 
incurred  in  collecting  the  revenue  from 
customs. 

All  accounts  accruing  from  salaries  in 
the  Patent  Office. 

All  accounts  of  the  Judiciary  of  the 
United  States.  These  accounts  include 
those  for  the  salaries  of  the  judges  and 
other  officers ;  accounts  of  marshals  for 
expenses  of  the  United  States  courts  and 
for  their  fees  ;  accounts  of  district  attor- 
neys for  attendance  upon  United  States 
courts,  etc.,  for  their  travel  and  fees;  ac- 
counts of  clerks  of  United  States  courts 
for  their  attendance,  and  for  fees,  and 
accounts  of  United  States  Commissioners 
for  fees. 

All  accounts  of  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States,  Assistant  Treasurers,  Uni- 
ted States  Depositaries,  and  other  fiscal 
agents  of  the  Treasury  Department,  for 
the  payment  of  interest  on  the  public 
debt,  Treasury  bonds,  and  Government 
obligations. 

The  accounts  of  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States  for  the  general  receipts 
and  expenditures  of  the  Government  are 
made  up  and  rendered  quarterly.  The 
account  current,  a  large  volume,  has  to 
be  carefully  compared  with  a  certified 
account  received  from  the  Register  of  all 
warrants  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  or  in 
his  favor  during  the  quarter  ;  the  amount 
remaining  unpaid  and  outstanding  of 
previous  quarters,  and  the  amount  of 
such  warrants  for  which  he  claims  credit 
as  being  paid,  the  amount  of  balances  in 
the  various  depositories,  etc.  All  war- 
rants drawn  on  the  Treasurer  are  paid 
by  drafts,  and  he  cannot  receive  credit  in 
the  Auditor's  Office  for  a  warrant  unless 
it  is  accompanied  by  its  appropriate  draft, 
properly  endorsed  by  the  payee. 

All  accounts  of  the  officer  in  charge  of 
the  public  buildings  and  grounds  in  the 
District  of  Columbia. 


All  accounts  of  the  expenditures  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

All  accounts  of  the  Coast  and  Geodetic 
Survey. 

All  accounts  of  Steamboat  Inspection 
Service. 

All  accounts  of  Mints  and  Assay  Of- 
These  include  bullion  accounts, 
ordinary  expenses  of  the  Mints  and  As- 
say Offices,  such  as  salaries  of  officers, 
clerks,  etc.,  wages  of  workmen,  and  inci- 
dental expenses. 

All  accounts  of  Life-Saving  Service. 

All  accounts  of  disbursements  for  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia. 

All  accounts  of  Public  Printer. 

Salary  accounts, — Which  include  the 
accounts  of  disbursing  officers  for  pay- 
ment of  salaries  to  all  persons  who  re- 
ceive a  regular  compensation,  embracing 
the  pay-rolls  of  the  seven  great  Depart- 
ments, the  accounts  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Weights  and  Measures,  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  Secretary  of 
the  Senate,  Librarian  of  Congress,  As- 
sistant Treasurers,  and  Depositaries. 

Contingent  expenses  of  all  the  Depart- 
ments, including  expenses  of  grading 
about  the  Capitol  grounds,  Library  of 
Congress,  and  Botanical  Garden,  ex- 
penses of  the  National  loan,  contingent 
expenses  in  the  several  Sub-Treasuries, 
of  the  Executive  Mansion,  Public 
Printer,  accounts  for  repairs,  furniture 
for  Treasury  Department,  etc.,  except 
Patent  Office  and  Post-Office  Department. 

All  accounts  of  the  disbursements  for 
charitable  institutions  in  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

All  accounts  of  the  disbursements  of 
the  National  Board  of  Health. 

Accounts  of  the  Customs  Special 
Agents  ;  accounts  for  the  defence  of  suits 
in  the  Court  of  Claims. 

All  accounts  not  enumerated,  of  what- 
ever character,  not  specially  assigned  by 
law  to  other  accounting  officers,  are 
properly  referred  to  this  office  for  settle- 
ment. 

After  examination  of  the  accounts 
relating  to  customs,  the  Auditor  must 
certify  the  balances,  and  transmit  the 
same,  with  the  vouchers  and  certificates, 
to  the  Commissioner  of  Customs  for  his 
decision  thereon.  The  other  accounts 
are  examined  and  certified,  and  trans- 
mitted in  like  manner  to  the  First  Comp- 
troller for  his  decision  thereon. 

The  First  Auditor  certifies  balances, 
and  transmits  the  same  to  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Customs  for  his  decision  thereon, 
of  accounts  which  do  not  relate  to  receipts 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


Ill 


from  customs,  except  in  an  indirect  way ; 
for  example  : 

The  accounts  of  expenditures  in  the 
construction  of  public  buildings  for  cus- 
tom-houses, court-houses,  and  post-offices 
under  the  control  of  the  Treasury  De- 
partment ;  also  accounts  of  the  expendi- 
tures under  the  appropriation  for  fuel, 
light,  and  water  for  public  buildings, 
salaries  of  light-house  keepers,  construc- 
tion and  repair  of  light-houses,  of  steam- 
tenders  used  in  the  light-house  service, 
and  other  expenses  on  account  of  said 
service,  and  other  accounts. 

The  Office  of  the  First  Auditor  is 
divided  into  four  divisions,  namely  :  The 
Public  Dabt  Division,  which  has  charge 
of  all  matters  of  accounts  relating  to  the 
public  debt ;  the  Customs  Division,  with 
charge  of  accounts  relating  to  customs  ; 
the  Warehouse  and  Bond  Division,  with 
charge  of  matters  connected  with  cus- 
toms warehouses,  and  the  bonds  pertain- 
ing to  the  same  j  the  Judiciary  Division, 
with  charge  of  the  accounts  relating  to 
the  United  States  courts.  Besides  the 
above-named  four  regular  divisions  there 
is  what  may  properly  be  termed  a  Miscel- 
laneous Division,  which  is  not,  however, 
dignified  with  a  chief  to  preside  over  it. 
It  consists  of  a  number  of  independent 
desks. 

FORCE  IN  THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  FIRST  AUDITOR. 


First  Auditor 

Deputy  Auditor 

4  chiefs  of  divisions,  each. 
7  clerks,  each 

9  "         "     , 

10  "         "     , 

16     "         "     

3       "         "     

5  copyists  and  counters. 


Per  Annum. 

$3600 

2250 

2000 

1800 

, 1600 

, 1400 

, 1200 

1000 

.     900 


2  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

2  laborers,  each 660 

SECOND  AUDITOR. 

DUTIES,  BUSINESS,  ETC. 

The  Office  of  Second  Auditor  was  es- 
tablished by  the  act  of  March  3,  1817. 

It  is  the  duty  of  this  office  to  receive 
and  examine  all  accounts  relating  to  the 
pay  and  clothing  of  the  army,  the  sub- 
sistence of  officers,  bounties  and  pre- 
miums, military  and  hospital  stores,  and 
the  contingent  expenses  of  the  War  De- 
partment ;  all  accounts  relating  to  Indian 
affairs,  and  of  agents  of  lead  and  other 
mines  of  the  United  States ;  and  after 
examination  of  such  accounts,  the  Second 
Auditor  must  certify  the  balances  to  the 


Second  Comptroller  for  his  decision 
thereon. 

The  Second  Auditor  is  directed  by  law 
to  audit  and  settle  the  accounts  of  line 
officers  of  the  army  to  the  extent  of  the 
pay  due  them  for  their  services,  notwith- 
standing the  inability  of  any  such  line 
officer  to  account  for  property  intrusted 
to  his  possession,  or  to  make  his  monthly 
reports  or  returns,  if  the  Auditor  is  satis- 
fied by  the  affidavit  of  the  officer,  or 
otherwise,  that  the  inability  was  caused 
by  the  officer's  having  been  a  prisoner  in 
the  hands  of  the  enemy,  or  by  any  acci- 
dent or  casualty  of  war. 

He  registers  all  warrants  drawn  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  upon  requi- 
sitions of  the  Secretary  of  War  for  the 
payment  of  moneys  for  the  pay  and 
clothing  of  the  army,  the  subsistence  of 
officers,  and  under  all  those  accounts 
which  the  law  makes  it  his  duty  to  ex- 
amine and  settle  as  enumerated  above. 

The  following  different  classes  of  ac- 
counts are  examined  and  settled  in  the 
Second  Auditor's  Office:  Paymasters  of 
the  Army  ;  Arrears  of  Pay  and  Bounty  ; 
Ordnance  ;  Medical ;  Recruiting  ;  Freed- 
men's  Branch,  Adjutant-General's  Office  ; 
National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer 
Soldiers;  Miscellaneous  accounts  and 
claims;  Payments  to  Soldiers'  Home; 
Indian  Disbursing  accounts ;  Indian 
claims;  Indian  Property  accounts,  and 
War  Property  accounts. 

The  Second  Auditor's  Office  is  divided 
into  five  main  divisions  and  five  sections, 
the  names  of  which  will  sufficiently  indi- 
cate the  branch  of  business  with  which 
each  is  charged,  viz. : 

Names  of  Divisions :  Investigation  of 
Frauds  ;  Indian  ;  Pay  and  Bounty  ;  Pay 
masters' ;  Book-keepers. 

Names  of  Sections:  Ordnance,  Medical, 
and  Miscellaneous ;  Correspondence  and 
Records ;  Property  ;  Inquiries  and  Re- 
plies ;  Archives. 

INFORMATION    RELATING    TO    BOUN- 
TIES. 

Any  person  entitled  to  arreais  of  pay 
or  bounty  on  account  of  services  in  the 
United  States  Army  during  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion  of  1861-65,  should  apply 
to  the  Second  Auditor,  who  will  furnish 
the  proper  blanks  to  be  filled  up,  and 
thus  no  expense  need  be  incurred  beyond 
the  magistrate's  fee  before  whom  the  affi- 
davit is  made  and  the  fee  of  the  clerk  of 
the  court  certifying  to  the  magistrate's 
signature,  etc. 
"For  the  benefit  of  those  who  may  not 


112 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


be  aware  of  their  rights  as  to  bounty, 
etc.,  the  following  information  is  inserted: 

CLASSES  ENTITLED  TO  BOUNTIES. 

Soldiers  of  the  late  war,  so  far  as  bounty 
is  concerned,  may  be  divided  into  the  fol- 
lowing classes : 

I.  Those   two   and   three   years'   men 
who  enlisted  between  April  12, 1861,  and 
December  24,  1863,  or  between  April  1, 
1864,  and  July  18,  1864. 

Soldiers  of  this  class  were  entitled  to 
$100  bounty,  for  a  full  term  of  service,  or 
upon  an  honorable  discharge  ;  and  an  ad- 
ditional $100  under  the  act  of  July  28, 
1866,  on  substantially  the  same  terms. 

Those  serving  two  years  were  entitled 
to  $50,  under  the  act  of  July  28,  1866  ; 
but  if  a  soldier  discharged  before  serving 
two  years,  on  account  of  disease  contracted 
in  the  service,  died  before  July  28,  1866, 
his  heirs  would  be  entitled  to  the  addi- 
tional bounty. 

II.  Those  three  years'   men  who  en- 
listed between  December  24,  1863,  and 
April  1,  1864. 

Soldiers  of  this  class  were  promised  $300 
bounty,  payable  in  instalments  during 
service.  Full  term  of  service,  or  discharge 
by  reason  of  wound,  or  the  termination 
of  the  war,  entitle  a  soldier  to  the  full 
amount,  but  on  discharge  by  reason  of 
disease  or  promotion  payment  ceased. 

Enlistments  after  October  24,  1863, 
into  regiments  in  the  field  are  construed 
as  being  under  Class  II. 

III.  Those  who  enlisted  after  July  18, 
1864.   ^ 

Soldiers  of  this  class,  composed  of  one, 
two,  and  three  years'  men,  were  promised 
$100,  $200,  and  $300  respectively,  and  were 
paid  only  when  the  full  term  was  served, 
or  when  discharged  by  reason  of  wound. 

IV.  Veterans. 

Soldiers  of  this  class,  composed  of  nine 
months'  men,  serving  since  April  12, 1861, 
and  re-enlisted  for  three  years,  between 
January  1,  1863,  and  April  1,  1864,  were 
entitled  to  $400,  under  the  same  regula- 
tions as  those  of  Class  II.  Those  persons 
of  this  class  who  received  only  $300  can- 
not receive  additional  bounty,  unless  they 
became  veteranized. 

V.  Drafted  men. 

Drafted  men,  or  their  substitutes,  who 
enlisted  for  three  years,  prior  to  Septem- 
ber 5,  1864,  were  entitled  to  $100  bounty 
for  full  term  of  service,  or  on  discharge 
by  reason  of  wound  or  expiration  of  war. 
The  act  of  Congress  of  July  28,  1866,  does 
not  affect  these  men. 


HEIRS  OF  SOLDIERS. 

The  heirs  of  a  soldier  are  entitled  to 
any  bounty  due  him,  and  are  paid  in  the 
following  order :  First,  the  widow  5  second, 
the  children  ;  third,  the  father,  if  he  sup- 
ports the  family ;  fourth,  the  mother ;  and, 
fifth,  the  brothers  and  sisters. 

Exceptions. 

I.  Non-resident  father  or   mother,   or 
more  remote  heirs,  are  entitled  only  to 
accrued  bounty. 

II.  In  the   absence  of  the  widow   or 
minor   children,    the  additional    bounty 
provided  by  the  act  of  July  28,  1866,  goes 
to  the  father  and  mother  jointly,  provided 
the  father  supports  the  family. 

III.  The   bounty  given  to  Class   III. 
goes  only  to  the  widow,  minor  children, 
or  mother  of  the  soldier,  a  widow  at  the 
time  of  his  death. 

IV.  Under  the  act  of  July  28,   1866, 
additional  bounty  does   not  go  to  heirs 
more  remote  than  parents. 

This  additional  bounty  under  act  of 
July  28, 1866,  is  not  given  to  soldiers  who 
have  received  a  larger  bounty  than  $100. 

Soldiers  enlisted  in  the  regular  army 
between  July  1,  1861,  and  June  25,  1863, 
are  now  entitled  to  $100  bounty,  under 
the  same  conditions  as  volunteers.  Those 
enlisted  on  or  after  April  15,  1861,  to  the 
bounty  of  July  28, 1866.  Those  enlisted 
into  the  regular  army  for  five  years, 
within  ninety  days  from  June  25,  1863, 
the  date  of  General  Order  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's Office,  190,  are  entitled  to  $400 
bounty,  payable  in  instalments. 

All  soldiers  enlisted  or  re-enlisted  into 
the  regular  army  for  three  years,  under 
joint  resolution  of  Congress  of  January 
13,  1864,  and  General  Order  No.  25,  are 
entitled  to  $400  bounty. 

By  act  of  June  20,  1864,  regulars, 
serving  under  enlistments  made  prior  to 
July  22,  1861,  and  re-enlisted  under  this 
act  into  their  old  regiments  for  three 
years,  are  entitled  to  $400  bounty,  pay- 
able in  instalments. 

Colored  troops  have  been  placed  011 
an  equal  footing  with  white  troops. 
^  By  act  of  Congress  of  April  22,  1872, 
$100  bounty  is  given  to  men  who  enlisted 
between  April  12, 1861,  and  July  22, 1861, 
and  were  mustered  into  service  prior  to 
August  6,  1861,  but  is  not  payable  to 
heirs,  to  a  dishonorably  discharged  soldier 
or  one  discharged  for  promotion. 

In  case  of  loss  of  the  discharge  certifi- 
cate, proof  thereof  will  be  sufficient  to 
obtain  bounty. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


113 


No  bounty  can  be  obtained  by  a  dis- 
honorably discharged  soldier  or  deserter. 

Right  to  bounty  is  forfeited  by  a  widow 
marrying  prior  to  July  28,  1866. 

FORCE  OP  SECOND  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Second  Auditor $3600 

Deputy  Auditor 2250 

5  chiefs  of  division,  each 2( 

Disbursing  clerk ls 

9  clerks,  each lf 

29  «  '  «  1600 

«    «  '  1400 

35  «  «  ::."."...;... 1200 

8   «    «  1000 

2  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

8  laborers,  each 660 

THIRD  AUDITOR. 

By  an  act  of  Congress  approved  May 
8,  1792,  the  Office  of  Accountant  of  the 
Department  of  War  was  created.  Said 
officer  was  required  to  report  his  settle- 
ment of  accounts  for  the  inspection  and 
revision  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Treas- 
ury. 

The  act  of  March  3,  1817,  abolished 
the  Office  of  Accountant  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  War,  and  in  lieu  thereof  created 
the  Office  of  Third  Auditor  and  the  Office 
of  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury, 
and  prescribed  the  duties  of  each  of  these 
officers,  the  duties  of  the  Accountant  of 
the  Department  of  War  being,  as  above 
intimated,  transferred  to  the  new  officer 
called  Third  Auditor. 

DUTIES. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Third  Auditor  to 
receive  from  the  War  Department  and 
audit  all  accounts  (money)  and  property 
returns,  relating  to  the  Quartermaster's 
(except  clothing,  camp  and  garrison 
equipage  property),  Subsistence,  Engi- 
neers, and  Signal  Bureaus,  also  the  ac- 
counts of  the  Military  Academy,  surveys 
of  roads  and  other  internal  improve- 
ments, under  the  direction  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  and  generally  all  accounts 
of  the  War  Department  not  specifically 
directed  to  be  settled  by  the  Second  Au- 
ditor; and  in  addition  to  those  above 
mentioned,  he  audits  the  accounts  for  the 
payment  of  pensions. 

BUSINESS  OF  THE  OFFICE. 

Military  accounts  and  returns  are  trans- 
mitted by  the  officers  rendering  them  to 
the  Chief  of  the  Staff  Department  under 
which  the  disbursements  were  made  or 
the  accountability  incurred,  and  after 
administrative  scrutiny  by  that  officer 


through  his  subordinates,  are  forwarded 
to  the  Third  Auditor  for  settlement. 

Pensions  are  paid  by  Pension  Agents, 
who  transmit  their  accounts  direct  to  the 
Third  Auditor  for  settlement. 

He  also  settles  the  claims  of  States  and 
Territories  for  military  services  and  ad- 
vances on  account  of  the  military  service 
assumed  by  various  special  acts  of  Con- 
gress, and  claims  of  officers  and  enlisted 
men  for  private  horses  lost  or  killed  in 
the  military  service  of  the  United  States. 

He  also  receives,  examines,  and  adjudi- 
cates claims  of  a  miscellaneous  character 
of  citizens  for  other  property  lost  in  the 
military  service  of  the  United  States,  or 
purchased  and  not  paid  for,  or  seized  or 
impressed  for  the  use  or  benefit  of  the 
Government,  and  growing  out  of  the 
military  service,  not  embraced  in  the 
claims  of  States  and  Territories  herein- 
before referred  to ;  also  claims  for  trans- 
portation of  troops  and  military  supplies, 
which  he  settles  and  allows  or  rejects, 
wholly  or  in  part,  in  accordance  with  law 
and  the  evidence  submitted. 

MANNER  OF  CONDUCTING   THE   BUSI- 
NESS. 

All  these  various  accounts  and  claims, 
with  their  respective  vouchers,  having 
been  received,  recorded,  examined,  and 
audited  by  the  Third  Auditor,  he  makes 
separate  report  thereon,  with  a  reconcil- 
ing sheet  or  statement  of  differences, 
when  they  exist,  and  transmits  them  to 
the  Second  Comptroller  for  his  revision 
and  confirmation,  in  each  case,  who,  after 
his  official  action  thereon,  returns  them 
to  the  Auditor,  with  his  certified  decision 
appended  to  the  Auditor's  certificate. 

In  the  case  of  claims  (which  must  be 
distinguished  from  current  accounts  in 
this,  that  the  disbursements  in  the  latter 
have  already  been  made  before  adjudica- 
tion, while  in  the  former  payment  is  only 
made  upon  final  decision  of  the  account- 
ing officers,  after  settlement),  a  requisition 
is  called  for,  and  transmitted  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  War,  who  makes  requisition 
upon  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for 
the  amount  to  be  drawn  from  the  proper 
fund  already  appropriated  and  available 
for  the  purpose,  and  upon  which  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  issues  his  warrant 
for  its  payment,  which,  after  being  duly 
countersigned  and  checked,  is  paid  from 
the  Treasury  by  draft. 

All  advances  to  disbursing  officers  are 
drawn  from  the  Treasury  upon  requisi- 
tion and  warrant,  and  substantially  in 
the  same  manner. 


8 


314 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


It  is  also  the  duty  of  the  Third  Auditor 
to  keep  books  of  appropriations  and  requi- 
sitions, together  with  personal  accounts  of 
disbursing  officers  and  agents,  showing 
advances  to,  and  disbursements  by,  each 
respectively. 

ORGANIZATION  INTO  DIVISIONS. 

To  facilitate  the  despatch  of  the  public 
business,  the  force  of  the  office  is  organ- 
ized into  divisions,  there  being  by  law 
five  chiefs  and  the  same  number  of  gen- 
eral divisions,  viz. :  Book-keeper's,  Quar- 
termaster, Commissary,  Pension,  and 
Claims. 

The  Chiefs  of  Division  keep  complete 
records  of  all  matters  appertaining  to 
their  respective  divisions  to  the  minutest 
detail,  and  have  charge  of  the  clerical 
force  under  their  control,  subject  to  the 
direction  of  the  Auditor,  superintend  and 
conduct  the  official  correspondence  with 
officers  and  other  persons  whose  accounts 
or  claims  come  under  their  special  juris- 
diction. 

All  accounts  and  claims,  after  being 
returned  to  the  Auditor  by  the  Comp- 
troller, and  the  balances  arising  thereon 
having  been  entered  upon  the  books,  are 
numbered  and  systematically  filed  for 
future  reference. 

FORCE  OF  THIRD  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 


Third  Audi 
Deputy  Au 
5  chiefs  of 
6  clerks,  ea 
16 
57 
43 
7 
9 
1  assistant 
7  laborers, 
1  female  la 

tor  

Per  Annum. 
$3600 

ditor  

2250 

division,  each  

2000 

ch  

1800 

1600 

1400 

.  1200 

1000 

900 

720 

each   

660 

borer.... 

.     480 

FOURTH  AUDITOR. 

The  Office  of  Fourth  Auditor  was  es- 
tablished by  the  act  of  March  3,  1817. 

GENERAL  DUTIES. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Fourth  Auditor  to 
receive  and  examine  all  accounts  accru- 
ing in  the  Navy  Department,  and  of 
Navy  pensions;  and  to  certify  the  bal- 
ances to  the  Second  Comptroller. 

He  is  charged  with  keeping  all  ac- 
counts of  the  receipts  and  expenditures 
of  the  public  money  in  regard  to  the 
Navy  Department,  and  of  all  debts  due 


to  the  United  States  on  moneys  advanced 
relative  to  that  Department.  He  receives 
from  the  Second  Comptroller  the  accounts 
which  are  finally  adjusted,  and  must  pre- 
serve them,  with  their  vouchers  and  cer- 
tificates, and  record  all  requisitions  drawn 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

He  must  report  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  annually,  on  the  first  Monday 
in  November,  the  application  of  the 
money  appropriated  for  the  Navy  De- 
partment. 

In  every  case  of  the  loss  or  capture  of  a 
vessel  belonging  to  the  Navy,  the  Fourth 
Auditor,  under  the  direction  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Navy,  is  authorized,  in  the 
settlement  of  the  accounts  of  the  pay- 
master of  such  vessel,  to  credit  him  with 
such  amount  of  the  provisions,  clothing, 
small  stores,  and  money,  with  which  he 
stands  charged  on  the  books  in  the 
Fourth  Auditor's  Office,  as  the  Auditor 
shall  be  satisfied  was  inevitably  lost  by 
such  capture  or  loss  of  a  public  vessel. 

He  must  allow  in  the  settlement  of  the 
accounts  of  a  disbursing  officer  every 
disbursement  of  public  moneys,  or  dis- 
posal of  public  stores,  made  by  such  dis- 
bursing officer,  pursuant  to  an  order  of 
any  commanding  officer  of  the  Navy, 
upon  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  making 
of  such  order,  and  of  thepaymentof  money 
or  disposal  of  stores  in  conformity  with 
it,  and  the  commanding  officer  who  made 
the  order  is  held  accountable. 

He  is  authorized  in  settling  the  ac- 
counts of  seamen  and  others,  not  officers, 
borne  on  the  books  of  any  vessel  in  the 
Navy  wrecked,  or  which  has  not  been 
heard  of  for  so  long  a  time  that  her  wreck 
may  be  presumed,  or  which  has  been  de- 
stroyed or  lost,  with  the  rolls  arid  papers, 
to  fix  a  day  when  such  wreck,  destruc- 
tion, or  loss  may  be  deemed  to  have  oc- 
curred ;  also  of  any  vessel  which  by  any 
casualty,  or  in  action  with  the  enemy, 
has  been  sunk  or  otherwise  destroyed, 
with  the  rolls  and  papers,  to  assume  the 
last  quarterly  return  of  the  paymaster  as 
the  basis  for  the  computation  of  the 
credits  of  those  on  board,  to  the  date  of 
such  loss,  if  there  be  no  official  evidence 
to  the  contrary ;  also  to  allow  to  each 
person,  not  an  officer,  as  aforesaid,  on 
board  of  any  vessel  which  has  been  sunk 
or  destroyed,  whose  personal  effects  have 
been  lost,  a  sum  not  exceeding  $60,  as 
compensation  for  the  loss  of  his  personal 
effects ;  and  in  case  of  the  death  of  any 
such  petty  officer,  seaman,  or  other  per- 
son, not  an  officer,  such  payment  shall  be 
made  to  the  widow,  child  or  children, 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


115 


father,  mother,  or  brothers  and  sisters, 
jointly.  In  case  any  officer  of  the  Navy 
or  Marine  Corps  on  board  of  a  vessel  in 
the  employ  of  the  United  States,  which 
by  any  casualty,  or  in  action  with  the 
enemy,  has  been  sunk  or  destroyed,  has 
lost  his  personal  effects  without  negli- 
gence or  want  of  skill  or  foresight  on  his 
part,  the  Fourth  Auditor  is  authorized  to 
allow  to  such  officer  a  sum  not  exceeding 
the  amount  of  his  sea  pay  for  one  month 
as  compensation  for  such  loss. 

The  accounts  settled  in  this  office  em- 
brace those  of  purchasing  paymasters, 
stationed  in  large  cities,  paymasters  of 
navy-yards,  and  of  the  various  ships  in 
commission,  disbursing  officers  in  foreign 
countries,  navy  pension  agents,  and  the 
paymaster  and  quartermaster  of  the 
Marine  Corps. 

In  addition  to  these  there  is  a  great 
number  of  miscellaneous  accounts  and 
individual  claims  of  officers  and  seamen 
for  back  pay,  bounty,  and  prize-money. 

Disbursing  officers'  accounts  are  settled 
quarterly,  and  the  balance  certified  to 
the  Second  Comptroller  for  revision,  and 
when  returned  by  him,  the  account,  with 
all  papers  and  vouchers  pertaining  thereto, 
is  placed  on  file  in  this  office. 

In  the  case  of  claims  presented,  the 
evidence  is  examined,  and  an  account 
stated  in  the  ordinary  form  of  debit  and 
credit,  specifying  the  appropriation  out 
of  which  the  sum  due  is  payable.  The 
account  is  then  certified  to  the  Second 
Comptroller,  and  when  admitted  by  him 
is  returned,  and  the  debt  is  paid  directly 
from  the  Treasury. 

Prize-money  is  distributed  to  the 
officers  and  crew  of  the  capturing  vessel 
in  proportion  to  their  respective  rates  of 
pay  in  the  service. 

The  admiral  commanding  fleet  receives 
uV  (^  per  cent.)  of  all  prize-money  al- 
lowed to  any  vessel  belonging  to  the  fleet, 
and  the  fleet-captain  -^  (1  per  cent.). 

The  commanding  officer  of  the  captur- 
ing ship  is  entitled  to  TV  (10  per  cent.). 
The  remainder  is  apportioned  to  the  offi- 
cers and  crew  upon  the  basis  of  salaries. 

EXAMPLE. 

After  making  the  deductions  above  specified, 
suppose  the  remainder  of  the  award  to  be 
$20,000,  the  number  of  officers  and  men  to  be 
100,  and  their  aggregate  salaries  to-be  $30,000. 

If  they  all  shared  alike,  each  would  receive 
$200.  Sharing  as  they  do,  in  proportion  to 
their  respective  rates  of  pay,  a  lieutenant,  whose 
salary  is  $2400,  would  be  entitled  to  $1600. 

A  master  salary  §1800,  would  be  entitled  to 
$1200. 


An  engineer,  salary  $1000,  would  be  entitled 
to  $666.67. 

A  petty  officer,  whose  pay  is  $25  per  month, 
$300  per  year,  to  $200. 

A  seaman,  whose  pay  is  $21.50  per  month, 
$258  a  year,  to  $172. 

A  boy,  whose  pay  is  $10  per  month,  $120  a 
year,  to  $80. 

Which  may  be  arrived  at  by  the  rule  of  pro- 
portion, thus : 

Aggregate      Amt.  to  be 
Salaries.      Distributed. 


$30,000     :    ?20,000  : 


Annual  Pay.    Share. 
Lieutenant,  $2400    =    $1600 

Master,  1800    =      1200 

Petty  officer,  300    =       200 

Seaman,S21.50amo.,  258    =        172 
Boy,  {10  a  mo.,  120    =         80 

If  the  prize  is  of  superior  or  equal 
force  to  the  vessel  making  the  capture, 
the  captors  are  entitled  to  the  whole  of 
the  net  proceeds;  but  when  of  inferior 
force,  one-half  is  decreed  to  the  United 
States,  and  deposited  in  the  Treasury  for 
the  benefit  of  Navy  pensioners,  forming 
a  perpetual  fund  termed  the  Navy  Pen- 
sion Fund.  This  fund  amounted  in  the 
year  1880  to  the  sum  of  $14,000,000. 

BOUNTIES   TO    SAILORS    OF   THE    UNITED 
STATES  NAVY. 

Claims  of  sailors  for  bounties  should 
be  presented  to  the  Fourth  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury. 

Bounties  are  allowed  to  sailors  as  fol- 
lows : 

By  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1863, 
substitutes  for  drafted  men  (for  the 
army),  entering  the  naval  service  for  a 
term  of  three  years,  between  March  3. 
1863,  and  September  5,  1864,  each  $100. 

By  Joint  Resolution  of  Congress  of 
February  24,  1864,  able  seamen  and  ordi- 
nary seamen  who  re-enlisted  between 
February  24,  1864,  and  June  30,  1864, 
each  an  amount  equal  to  three  monthsr 

pay- 
By  act  of  Congress  of  July  1,  1864,  all 
persons  who  enlisted  into  the  naval  service 
or  Marine  Corps  after  July  1,  1864,  or 
during  the  continuance  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion,  each  the  same  bounty  as  if  en- 
listed into  the  army;  and  the  joint  reso 
lution  of  February  24,  1864,  was  thereby 
repealed. 

No  other  bounties  to  sailors  have  been 
allowed,  except  "  bounty  for  destruction 
of  enemies'  vessels,"  which  properly 
comes  under  the  head  of  "  prize-money.'' 

This  office  embraces  the  following  di 
visions  and  sections :  Paymasters  and 
Marine  Accounts,  Book-keepers',  Navy 
Pay  and  Allotment,  Prize-Money  and 
Record,  Pension  Accounts,  and  General 
Claims. 


116 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


FORCE  OF  FOURTH  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Fourth  Auditor $3600 

Deputy  Auditor 2250 

3  chiefs  of  division,  each 2000 

2  clerks,  each 1800 

14     "          «   1600 

8  "  "  1400 

9  "  "  1200 

3  "  "  1000 

5  "  "  900 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

2  laborers,  each 660 


FIFTH  AUDITOR. 

The  Office  of  the  Fifth  Auditor  was 
established  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1817. 

DUTIES. 

To  receive  and  examine  all  accounts 
accruing  in  or  relative  to  the  Department 
of  State,  all  accounts  of  the  Commissioner 
of  Internal  Revenue,  all  accounts  relating 
to  the  contingent  expenses  of  the  Patent 
Office,  and  all  accounts  relating  to  the 
Census  Office. 

In  adjusting  accounts  assigned  by  law 
or  custom  to  the  Fifth  Auditor,  his  gen- 
eral powers  are  to  determine  whether  the 
charges  made  or  the  items  claimed  are 
provided  for  by  law ;  whether  the  vouch- 
ers are  in  due  form,  the  calculations  cor- 
rect, and  in  cases  where  special  jurisdic- 
tion is  not  by  law  vested  in  some  other 
officer,  to  determine  whether  the  charges 
are  reasonable  in  amount,  subject  to  the 
revision  of  the  First  Comptroller. 

He  must,  by  his  clerks,  examine  all  the 
items  in  every  account  or  claim  ;  keep 
enlightened  on  the  provisions  of  law 
relating  to  all  cases  within  his  jurisdic- 
tion, and  on  decisions  of  the  United  States 
courts  pertaining  to  the  same  ;  and  apply 
with  fairness  and  impartiality  to  each 
case  and  each  item  the  principles  of  law 
as  given  by  the  courts  or  interpreted 
by  the  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States.  To  do  this  properly  involves  the 
necessary  correspondence  for  obtaining 
explanations,  and  the  taking  of  evidence 
by  oath  or  otherwise  in  relation  to  the 
several  matters  which  may  come  before 
him  for  action. 

MANNER  OF  BUSINESS. 

Accounts,  claims,  and  correspondence 
may  come  direct  to  the  Auditor,  or  by 
reference  from  the  head  of  a  Department 
or  office.  When  an  account  is  received 
it  is  filed,  registered>  and  is  taken  up  in 
regular  order  for  examination  and  adjust- 


ment by  the  clerk  to  whom  assigned. 
The  receipt  of  each  account,  claim,  or 
letter  is  acknowledged  as  soon  as  may  be 
in  a  letter  signed  by  the  Fifth  Auditor. 
Officers  and  claimants  sometimes  come  in 
person  to  make  explanations  and  argu- 
ments on  their  accounts  and  claims,  and 
they  are  heard  and  questioned  by  the 
Auditor  or  Deputy ;  and  in  cases  of 
details,  when  only  general  and  well-known 
principles  are  involved,  such  explanation 
may  be  made  directly  to  the  Chiefs  of 
Divisions  or  clerks. 

In  general,  the  vouchers  are  examined 
by  the  clerks,  who  also  make  the  calcula- 
tions and  the  reports,  and  write  the  cor- 
respondence and  do  the  recording.  They 
are  instructed  to  bring  to  the  attention  of 
the  officers  placed  above  them  all  matters 
appearing  of  an  unusual,  suspicious,  or 
doubtful  character,  or  that  involve  any 
new  principles,  or  that  contain  amounts 
of  an  extraordinary  nature. 

The  assignment  of  work  to  the  clerks, 
and  the  general  supervision  of  work  and 
the  details  relating  to  the  conduct  of  the 
office,  is  performed  by  the  Deputy  Au- 
ditor, who  acts  under  the  direction  of  the 
Auditor,  or  in  accordance  with  his  well- 
known  wishes  and  intentions. 

Each  account  adjusted  is  put  in  the 
form  of  a  debit  and  credit  statement,  and 
accompanied  by  a  "  statement  of  differ- 
ences," if  any  occur  between  the  amounts 
allowed  and  those  claimed,  with  a  clear 
explanation  of  how  the  differences  arose, 
and  the  reasons  why  any  item  in,  the 
account  cannot  be  allowed.  This  state- 
ment is  made  and  signed  by  the  clerk 
who  has  examined  the  account  and  vouch- 
ers, who  follows  the  directions  of  his 
superior  officers  in  allowing  or  disallowing 
particular  items.  The  same  clerk  makes 
up  a  written  report  to  accompany  the 
statement  and  vouchers,  which  is  signed 
by  the  Auditor,  and,  with  all  the  papers 
in  the  case,  is,  after  being  recorded,  sent 
to  the  First  Comptroller  for  examination 
and  approval,  or  such  action  as  he  may 
see  fit  to  take  thereon. 

All  letters  addressed  to  the  Fifth  Au- 
ditor are  promptly  acknowledged,  and 
answered  as  soon  as  the  facts  necessary 
for  a  proper  answer  can  be  obtained. 

Calls  for  information  on  the  part  of 
Committees  of  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives,  and  by  Senators  and 
Representatives  individually,  heads  of 
Departments  and  Bureaus,  owners  of 
vessels  trading  at  foreign  ports,  relatives 
of  persons  dying  in  foreign  countries, 
and  calls  for  instructions  as  to  powers 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


117 


and  duties  on  the  part  of  consuls  and 
other  officers  of  the  Government,  are  con- 
stantly made  and  answered. 

The  Fifth  Auditor's  Office  has  two 
divisions,  the  Diplomatic  and  Consular 
and  the  Internal  Revenue  Collector's. 

FORCE  OP  FIFTH  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Fifth  Auditor $3600 

Deputy  Auditor 2250 

2  chiefs  of  division,  each 2000 

2  clerks,  each 1800 

5  "          "   1600 

4       "          "   1400 

6  "          "    1200 

2  "          "   1000 

3  "          "    900 

1  messenger 840 

1  laborer 660 

SIXTH  AUDITOR. 

The  Office  of  the  Sixth  Auditor  was  es- 
tablished by  the  act  of  July  2,  1836. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  SIXTH  AUDITOR, 
AND  SUMMARY  OF  BUSINESS  TRANS- 
ACTED IN  HIS  OFFICE. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Sixth  Auditor  to 
receive  all  accounts  arising  in  the  Post- 
Office  Department,  or  relative  thereto, 
with  the  vouchers  necessary  to  a  correct 
adjustment  thereof,  and  to  audit  and  set- 
tle the  same,  and  certify  the  balances 
thereon  to  the  Postmaster-General,  and  to 
keep  and  preserve  all  accounts  and  vouch- 
ers after  settlement.  He  must  close  the 
accounts  quarterly,  and  transmit  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  quarterly 
statements  of  the  receipts  and  expen- 
ditures of  the  Post-Office  Department. 
He  reports  to  the  Postmaster-General 
the  manner  and  form  of  keeping  and 
stating  the  accounts  of  the  Post-Office 
Department,  and  the  official  forms  of 
papers  to  be  used  in  connection  with 
its  receipts  and  expenditures.  He  must 
report  to  the  Postmaster-General  all  de- 
linquencies of  postmasters  in  rendering 
their  accounts  and  returns,  or  in  pay- 
ing over  money-order  funds  and  other 
receipts  at  their  offices.  He  must  regis- 
ter, charge,  and  countersign  all  warrants 
upon  the  Treasury  for  receipts  or  pay- 
ments issued  by  the  Postmaster-General, 
when  warranted  by  law.  It  is  his  duty 
to  perform  such  other  duties  in  relation 
to  the  financial  concerns  of  the  Treasury 
Department  as  may  be  assigned  to  him 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and 
make  such  reports  to  the  Secretary  or  to 
the  Postmaster-General  respecting  the 
same  as  either  of  them  may  require. 


All  payments  on  account  of  the  postal 
service  must  be  made  to  persons  to  whom 
the  same  are  certified  to  be  due  by  the 
Sixth  Auditor,  but  advances  of  necessary 
funds  to  defray  expenses  may  be  made 
by  the  Postmaster-General  to  agents  em- 
ployed to  investigate  mail  depredations, 
examine  post-routes  and  offices,  and  on 
other  like  services,  to  be  charged  to  them, 
by  the  Auditor,  and  to  be  accounted  for 
in  the  settlement  of  their  accounts. 

In  case  the  Postmaster-General,  or  any 
other  person  whose  accounts  have  been 
settled  by  the  Sixth  Auditor,  is  dissatis- 
fied with  the  settlement  made,  he  may, 
within  twelve  months,  appeal  to  the 
First  Comptroller,  whose  decision  shall 
be  conclusive. 

The  Sixth  Auditor  superintends  the 
collection  of  all  debts  due  the  Post-Office 
Department,  and  all  penalties  and  for- 
feitures imposed  for  any  violation  of  the 
postal  laws,  and  takes  all  such  other 
measures  as  may  be  authorized  by  law  to 
enforce  the  payment  of  such  debts  and  the 
recovery  of  such  penalties  and  forfeitures. 

He  must  keep  the  accounts  of  the 
money-order  business  separately,  and  in 
such  manner  as  to  show  the  number  and 
amount  of  money-orders  issued  at  each 
office,  the  number  and  amount  paid,  the 
amount  of  fees  received,  and  all  the  ex- 
penses of  the  money-order  business. 

He  must  state  and  certify  quarterly  to 
the  Postmaster-General  an  account  of  the 
money  paid  by  postmasters  out  of  the 
receipts  of  their  offices  for  the  expenses 
of  the  postal  service. 

He  may,  with  the  written  consent  of  the 
Postmaster-General,  compromise*  judg- 
ments for  debts  or  damages  due  the 
Post-Office  Department,  whenever  it  ap- 
pears that  the  amount  unpaid  cannot  be 
collected  by  due  process  of  law,  and  a<>- 
cept  in  satisfaction  less  than  the  full 
amount  thereof. 

In  case  of  delinquency  of  any  post- 
master, contractor,  or  other  officer,  agent, 
or  employ^  of  the  Post-Office  Department, 
in  which  suit  is  brought,  it  is  his  duty 
to  forward  to  the  Department  of  Justice 
certified  copies  of  all  papers  in  his  office 
tending  to  sustain  the  claim.  He  may 
administer  oaths  to  witnesses  in  any  case 
when  it  is  necessary  for  the  due  exami- 
nation of  the  accounts  with  which  he  is 
charged.  Oaths  in  relation  to  the  exami- 
nation and  settlement  of  the  accounts 
committed  to  his  charge  may  be  admin- 
istered by  the  mayor  of  any  city,  justice 
of  the  peace,  or  judge  of  any  court  of 
record  in  the  United  States. 


118 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


The  Sixth  Auditor  is  entitled  to  receive 
from  the  Postmaster-General,  within  sixty 
days  after  the  making  of  any  contract 
for  carrying  the  mail,  a  duplicate  copy 
thereof. 

He  must  certify  all  orders  and  regula- 
tions of  the  Postmaster-General  which 
may  originate  a  claim,  or  in  any  manner 
affect  the  accounts  of  the  postal  service. 

Upon  the  certified  quarterly  statement 
by  the  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  payments  by 
-postmasters  on  account  of  the  postal  ser- 
vice, the  Postmaster-General  issues  his 
warrant  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  to  carry  the  amount  to  the  credit 
of  the  postal  revenues,  and  to  the  debit 
of  the  proper  appropriations  upon  the 
books  of  the  Auditor. 

Copies  of  postmasters'  returns  and  of 
any  papers  pertaining  to  the  accounts  in 
the  Sixth  Auditor's  Office,  and  transcripts 
from  the  money-order  account  books  of 
the  Post-Office  Department,  when  certi- 
fied by  him  under  the  seal  of  his  office, 
are  admitted  as  evidence  in  the  courts  of 
the  United  States. 

Payments  of  money  out  of  the  Treas- 
ury on  account  of  the  postal  service  must 
be  in  pursuance  of  appropriations  made 
by  law,  by  warrants  of  the  Postmaster- 
General,  registered  and  countersigned  by 
the  Sixth  Auditor. 

The  accounts  of  the  postal  service  must 
be  kept  in  such  manner  as  to  exhibit  sep- 
arately the  amount  of  revenue  derived 
from  the  following  sources  respectively  : 

Letter  postage ;'  book,  newspaper,  and 
pamphlet  postage  ;  registered  letters  ; 
box  rents  and  branch  offices ;  postage- 
stamps  and  envelopes:  dead  letters;  fines 
and  penalties  ;  money-order  business  ; 
miscellaneous. 

And  to  exhibit,  separately,  the  amount 
of  expenditure  made  for  each  of  the  fol- 
lowing objects : 

Transportation  of  the  mail ;  compen- 
sation of  postmasters;  compensation  of 
letter-carriers  ;  of  clerks  for  post-offices  : 
of  blank  agents  and  assistants ;  mail 
depredations  and  special  agents  ;  postage- 
stamps  and  envelopes;  ship,  steamboat, 
and  way  letters  ;  dead  letters  ;  mail-bags  ; 
mail-locks  and  keys ;  post-marking  and 
cancelling  stamps  ;  wrapping-paper  ; 
twine;  letter-balances;  office  furniture; 
advertising ;  balances  to  foreign  coun- 
tries; rent,  light,  and  fuel  for  post-offices  : 
stationery ;  miscellaneous. 

The  Postmaster-General  must  certify 
to  the  Sixth  Auditor  the  establishment  of 
any  new,  and  the  discontinuance  of  any 
old,  post-office.  All  appointments  and 


removals  must  be  reported  to  him.  On 
the  death,  removal,  or  resignation  of  a 
postmaster  his  bond  must  be  delivered  to 
the  Sixth  Auditor.  All  orders  of  the 
Postmaster-General  assigning  or  chang- 
ing the  salaries  of  postmasters  must  be 
notified  to  the  Auditor.  Vouchers  for 
all  deductions  made  by  a  postmaster  out 
of  the  receipts  of  his  office,  for  expenses 
of  the  postal  service,  must  be  submitted 
for  examination  and  settlement  to  the 
Sixth  Auditor. 

The  Sixth  Auditor's  Bureau  is  now  the 
largest  in  the  Treasury  Department,  and 
the  amount  of  business  transacted  by  it 
is  immense.  During  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1879,  the  number  of  quar- 
terly accounts  received  from  postmasters 
was  160,441 ;  stamp  accounts  settled, 
158,552,  involving  the  sum  of  $29,362,- 
900.94.  The  money-order  business  for  the 
same  year  amounted  to  $90,494,995.97. 

For  convenience  and  the  despatch  of 
business  the  office  is  organized  with  the 
following  divisions,  the  names  of  which 
will  sufficiently  indicate  the  business 
with  which  each  is  charged  respectively  : 
Examining,  Registering,  Book-keeping, 
Stating,  Collecting,  Pay,  Money-Order, 
and  Foreign  Mail. 

FORCE  OP  SIXTH  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Sixth  Auditor $3600 

Deputy  Auditor 2250 

8  chiefs  of  division 2000 

1  disbursing  clerk 2000 

12  clerks,  each 1800 

58    "         "      1600 

69    "         "       1400 

45    "         rt       1200 

5      "         "       1000 

20  assorters  of  money-orders,  each 1000 

1  skilled  laborer 1000 

18  female  assorters  of  money  orders,  each     900 
1  assistant  messenger 720 

19  laborers,  each 660 

10  charwomen,  or  cleaners,  each 180 


TREASURER  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  Office  of  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  was  established  by  the  act  of  Con- 
gress of  September  2,  1789. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  TREASURER. 
RECEIPT  OF  MONEYS. 

The  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  is 
charged  with  the  receipt  of  all  moneys 
received  from  customs  dues,  internal 
revenue,  sales  of  land,  and  miscellaneous 
sources. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


119 


The  Treasurer  and  Assistant  Treas- 
urers receive  money  due  from  any  and 
all  sources. 

The  National  banks  designated  as  de- 
positories of  the  United  States  receive 
money  from  all  sources,  except  for  cus- 
toms dues. 

Upon  the  receipt  of  money  by  any  of 
the  above-named  officers  or  banks,  a  cer- 
tificate of  deposit  is  issued  by  the  receiver 
in  favor  of  the  depositor  for  the  amount, 
generally  in  duplicate, — the  duplicate 
being  retained  by  depositors, — the  origi- 
nal of  which  is  forwarded  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  who  issues  a  warrant 
covering  the  same  into  the  Treasury, 
when  the  amounts  become  available  for 
payments,  as  appropriated  by  Congress. 

Payment!  of  money  are  made  by  the 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States  upon  war- 
rants issued  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  countersigned  by  the  First 
Comptroller,  and  registered  by  the  Regis- 
ter of  the  Treasury. 

When  the  warrant  is  received  by  the 
Treasurer,  he  issues  a  draft  for  the 
amount,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of 
the  warrant,  payable  at  one  of  the  Sub- 
Treasury  offices,  or  a  depository  bank, 
out  of  moneys  standing  to  his  credit, 
which  draft  is  forwarded  to  the  address 
given  in  the  Secretary's  warrant. 

The  Treasurer  is  also  the  fiscal  agent 
of  the  United  States  for  paying  the  in- 
terest on  the  public  debt,  which  is  paid 
by  him  out  of  any  moneys  in  his  hands. 
An  accurate  account  of  these  payments  is 
kept,  and  the  Treasurer  is  reimbursed  at 
the  end  of  each  month  by  a  warrant  in 
his  favor  issued  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

The  Treasurer  is  also  the  financial 
agent  of  the  United  States  for  the  issue 
of  and  redemption  of  United  States  notes, 
and  receives  such  notes  from  the  Bureau 
of  Engraving  and  Printing,  and  issues 
them  from  time  to  time,  as  other  United 
States  notes  of  like  amounts  are  redeemed 
and  destroyed. 

He  is  agent  for  the  redemption  of  the 
circulating  notes  of  National  banks,  and 
these  banks  are  required  to  deposit  with 
the  Treasurer  in  United  States  notes 
five  per  centum  of  the  amount  of  their 
circulating  notes,  from  which  deposit  the 
parties  forwarding  bank-notes  for  redemp- 
tion are  reimbursed,  and  the  banks  noti- 
fied to  make  their  redemption  fund  good 
for  the  amount  so  redeemed. 

National  banks  are  required  to  deposit 
with  the  Treasurer,  to  secure  their  circu- 
lation, United  States  bonds  assigned  to 


him  in  trust,  which  bonds  are  delivered 
to  the  bank  only  upon  the  deposit  of  a 
sufficient  sum  in  United  States  notes  to 
redeem  their  outstanding  circulation,  or 
upon  the  deposit  of  other  United  States 
bonds. 

When  a  National  bank  is  designated 
as  a  depository  of  the  United  States,  it  is 
required  to  deposit  United  States  bonds 
with  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States 
to  secure  the  public  moneys  received  by 
it,  such  money  being  transferred  from 
time  to  time  to  a  Sub-Treasury  office,  so 
as  to  keep  the  public  moneys  in  the  bank 
at  all  times  within  the  amount  of  bonds 
deposited  as  security  therefor. 

The  Treasurer  assesses  and  collects 
from  National  banks  the  semi-annual 
duty  of  one-half  of  one  per  centum  on 
the  average  amount  of  their  circulating 
notes,  imposed  by  and  under  the  provis- 
ions of  Section  5214,  Revised  Statutes  of 
the  United  States. 

The  Treasurer  is  the  custodian  of  all 
bonds  pertaining  to  the  Indian  Trust 
Funds,  collects  the  interest  on  the  same, 
or  pays  the  same  and  the  amount  as  di- 
rected by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
He  is  also  custodian  of  the  Pacific  Rail- 
way Sinking  Fund,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

He  also  pays  the  salaries  and  mileage 
of  the  members  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives upon  the  certificate  of  the 
Speaker,  for  which  he  is  reimbursed  by 
warrant  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, payable  from  the  appropriation  there- 
for. 

The  Treasurer  renders  his  accounts  to 
the  First  Comptroller  quarterly,  and 
transmits  a  copy  thereof,  when  settled,  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  He  must 
at  all  times  submit  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  and  the  First  Comptroller, 
or  either  of  them,  the  inspection  of  the 
moneys  in  his  hands.  He  must,  on  the 
third  day  of  every  session  of  Congress, 
lay  before  the  Senate  and  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives fair  and  accurate  copies  of 
all  accounts  by  him  from  time  to  time 
rendered  to  and  settled  with  the  Comp- 
troller, and  also  a  true  and  perfect  ac- 
count of  the  state  of  the  Treasury.  He 
is  required  at  all  times  to  submit  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  the  First 
Comptroller,  or  either  of  them,  the  in- 
spection of  the  moneys  in  his  hands. 

Revenues  arising  in  the  Post-Office  De- 
partment and  debts  due  to  the  same  are 
paid  under  the  direction  of  the  Post- 
master-General into  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  a< 


120 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


appropriated  by  law  for  the  service  of  the 
Post-Office  Department  in  each  year,  and 
all  payments  of  the  receipts  of  the  Post- 
Office  Department  into  the  Treasury  are 
placed  to  the  credit  of  the  said  appropri- 
ation. The  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  gives  receipts  for  all  moneys  re- 
ceived by  him  to  the  credit  of  the  appro- 
priation for  the  service  of  the  Post-Office 
Department,  which  receipts  are  endorsed 
upon  warrants  drawn  by  the  Postmaster- 
General. 

The  appropriations  for  the  service  of 
the  Post-Office  Department  are  disbursed 
by  the  Treasurer  upon  the  warrants  of 
the  Postmaster-General,  registered  and 
countersigned  by  the  Sixth  Auditor,  and 
expressing  upon  their  face  the  appropria- 
tion to  which  they  should  be  charged. 

The  Treasurer  is  charged  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  with  the  public 
moneys  actually  placed  to  his  credit  in 
authorized  depositories,  or  constructively 
deposited  on  account  of  the  general 
Treasury,  in  the  same  manner  as  if  they 
were  deposited  for  safe-keeping  in  his 
own  hands ;  the  Treasurer  having  ac- 
knowledged the  same  by  his  receipt 
endorsed  on  the  Secretary's  warrant 
covering  the  same  into  the  Treasury ; 
and  in  like  manner  he  is  charged  by 
the  Postmaster-General  with  the  public 
moneys  actually  placed  to  his  credit  in 
authorized  depositories,  or  by  fiction  so 
assumed  to  be  deposited  on  account  of 
the  Post-Office  Department,  the  Treasurer 
having  acknowledged  the  same  by  his  re- 
ceipt endorsed  on  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral's warrant  covering  the  same  into  the 
Treasury. 

He  makes  disbursements  under  the  pay- 
warrants  of  the  Postmaster-General,  duly 
countersigned  by  the  Auditor  for  that 
Department,  and  recorded  by  the  same 
officer,  and  directed  to  him  pursuant  to 
appropriations  by  law.  The  Treasurer, 
under  provisions  of  law  for  issuing  Treas- 
ury notes,  signs  the  notes  transmitted  to 
him  in  blank  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  under  whose  directions  they  are 
engraved  and  printed,  which,  after  they 
have  been  countersigned  and  registered, 
and  returned  to  the  Treasurer,  and 
charged  to  him  as  money  deposited  in  his 
hands,  he  issues  or  pays  out  in  satisfac- 
tion of  public  dues  under  the  pay-war- 
rants of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in 
the  same  manner  as  other  money.  In 
discharge  of  his  appropriate  duties,  and 
in  pursuance  of  requirements  of  Congress, 
or  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  the 
Postmaster-General,  the  Treasurer  re- 


ceives returns  of  receipts  and  deposits 
made  to  his  credit  by  collectors,  receivers, 
postmasters,  etc.,  and  renders  a  large 
number  of  accounts  and  reports. 

The  law  provides  that  there  shall  be 
in  the  Treasury  Department  an  Assistant 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States;  and  the 
Treasurer  may,  in  his  discretion,  with 
the  consent  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, authorize  the  Assistant  Treasurer  to 
act  in  the  place  and  discharge  any  or  all 
of  the  duties  of  Treasurer. 

At  the  end  of  each  fiscal  year  all 
moneys  represented  by  certificates,  drafts, 
or  checks  issued  by  the  Treasurer,  or  by 
any  disbursing  officer  of  the  Government, 
upon  the  Treasurer  or  an  Assistant  Treas- 
urer, or  Depositary  of  the  United  States, 
and  which  is  represented  on  the  books 
of  either  of  such  offices  as  to  the  credit 
of  any  disbursing  officer,  and  which  were 
issued  to  facilitate  the  payment  of  war- 
rants, or  for  any  other  purpose  in  liqui- 
dation of  a  debt  due  from  the  United 
States,  and  which  has  for  three  years  or 
more  remained  unpaid,  shall  be  deposited 
by  the  Treasurer,  to  be  covered  into  the 
Treasury  by  warrant,  to  be  carried  to 
the  credit  of  the  parties  in  whose  favor 
they  were  issued,  or  to  the  persons  en- 
titled to  receive  pay  therefor,  and  into 
an  appropriation  account  denominated 
"outstanding  liabilities;"  and  all  such 
moneys  remain  as  a  permanent  appro- 
priation for  the  payment  of  all  such  un- 
paid certificates,  drafts,  and  checks. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Treasurer,  each 
Assistant  Treasurer,  and  each  designated 
Depositary,  and  the  cashier  of  each  of 
the  National  banks  designated  as  deposi- 
tories, at  the  close  of  business  on  every 
30th  day  of  June,  to  report  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  the  condition  of 
every  account  standing  on  the  books  of 
their  respective  offices. 

All  money  paid  to  any  Collector  of 
Customs  for  unascertained  duties,  or 
duties  paid  under  protest  against  the 
rate  or  amount  of  duties  charged,  must 
be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  Treasurer 
of  the  United  States,  and  not  held  by  the 
Collector  to  await  any  ascertainment  of 
duties,  or  the  result  of  any  litigation  as 
to  the  amount  of  duty  legally  chargeable. 

The  gross  amount  of  all  taxes  and 
revenue  received  under  the  laws  imposing 
internal  revenue  must  be  paid  daily  into 
the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  by 
the  officers  collecting  the  same,  under 
the  instructions  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  without  abatement  of  any 
kind  ;  and  a  certificate  of  such  payment 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


121 


or  deposit,  stating  the  name  of  the  de- 
positor, and  the  specific  account  on  which 
the  deposit  was  made,  signed  by  the 
Treasurer,  Assistant  Treasurer,  desig- 
nated Depositary,  or  proper  officer  of  a 
deposit  bank,  must  be  transmitted  to  the 
Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue. 

All  public  moneys  paid  into  any  deposi- 
tory are  subject  to  the  draft  of  the  Treas- 
urer of  the  United  States,  drawn  agree- 
ably to  appropriations  made  by  law. 
Also  all  moneys  paid  into  the  Treasury 
of  the  United  States. 

The  Treasurer  of  the  United  States, 
all  Assistant  Treasurers,  all  Collectors  of 
Customs,  and  Surveyors  of  Customs  act- 
ing as  Collectors,  all  Receivers  of  public 
moneys  at  the  land  offices,  all  Postmas- 
ters, and  all  public  officers,  are  required 
to  keep  safely,  under  penalty  of  being 
deemed  guilty  of  embezzlement,  with 
imprisonment  of  not  less  than  six  months, 
nor  more  than  ten  years,  and  a  fine  equal 
to  the  amount  embezzled,  without  loan- 
ing, using,  depositing  in  banks,  or  ex- 
changing for  other  funds  than  as  specially 
allowed  by  law,  all  the  public  money  col- 
lected by  them,  or  placed  in  their  posses- 
sion or  custody,  until  the  same  is  ordered 
by  the  proper  Department  or  officer  of  the 
Government  to  be  transferred  or  paid  out. 

The  Treasurer,  Assistant  Treasurers, 
and  designated  Depositaries  of  the  United 
States  are  directed  to  pay  duplicate 
checks,  issued  by  disbursing  officers  and 
agents  in  lieu  of  original  checks  lost, 
stolen,  or  destroyed,  which  such  disburs- 
ing officers  are  authorized  to  issue,  no 
check  to  exceed  the  sum  of  $1000.  After 
the  expiration  of  six  months,  and  within 
three  years  from  date  of  such  checks, 
upon  notice  and  proof  of  the  loss  of  the 
original  checks  under  regulations,  and 
upon  the  execution  of  such  bonds  with 
sureties  to  indemnify  the  United  States, 
as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall 
prescribe. 

The  law  confers  upon  the  Treasurer 
the  powers  and  duties  of  Commissioner 
of  the  Sinking  Fund  of  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

WHAT  CONSTITUTES   THE   TREASURY 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  law  defines  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States  to  be  the  rooms  in  the 
Treasury  building  at  the  seat  of  Govern- 
ment, provided  for  the  use  of  the  Treas- 
urer of  the  United  States,  his  assistants, 
and  clerks,  and  occupied  by  them,  and 
the  fire-proof  vaults  and  safes  erected 


therein,  for  the  keeping  of  the  public 
moneys  in  the  possession  and  under  the 
immediate  control  of  the  Treasurer,  and 
such  other  apartments  as  are  provided 
as  places  of  deposit  of  the  public  money, 

FORCE  OF  THE  TREASURER'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States $6000 

Assistant  Treasurer 3600 

Cashier 3600 

Assistant  cashier 3200 

Chief  clerk 2500 

5  chiefs  of  division,  each 2500 

1  principal  book-keeper 2500 

1  assistant  "         2400 

2  tellers,  each 2500 

2  assistant  tellers,  each 2250 

26  clerks,  each 1800 

17     "  1600 

15     "  1400 

23     "  1200 

5  "  1000 

80     "  900 

6  messengers,  each 840 

6  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

26  laborers,  each 660 

7  "  "     240 

NATIONAL  BANK  REDEMPTION  AGENCY, — 
TREASURER'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Superintendent $3500 

Principal  teller 2500 

Principal  book-keeper 2500 

1  assistant        "          2400 

1  "         teller 2000 

2  clerks,  each 1800 

3  "         "      1600 

4  "         "      1400 

20     "         "      1200 

10     "         "      1000 

10     "         "      900 

1  messenger 840 

4  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

1  employe 432 

INDEPENDENT  TREASURY  SERVICE. 

BALTIMORE,  MD. 

Per  Annum. 
Assistant  Treasurer $45 in) 

1  cashier 2500 

3  clerks,  each 1800 

2  "          "  1400 

2  "          "   ];>(„) 

1  messenger 840 

3  watchmen,  each 720 

BOSTON,  MASS. 

Per  Annu'u 

Assistant  Treasurer $4500 

Chief  clerk 2500 

Paying  teller 2500 

Chief  interest  clerk 2500 

Assistant  paying  teller 2000 

2  clerks,  each 1800 

1  clerk 1700 

2  clerks,  each 1500 

3  "          "    1400 


122 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 
2  clerks,  each $1200 

1  clerk 1100 

2  clerks,  each 1000 

1  clerk 800 

1  watchman  and  messenger 1060 

2  watchmen,  each 850 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Per  Annum. 

Assistant  Treasurer $4500 

Cashier 2500 

Paying  teller 1800 

Book-keeper 1500 

Receiving  teller 1500 

2  clerks,  each 1200 

1  messenger 840 

1  watchman 720 

CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

j?er  Annum. 

Assistant  Treasurer $4500 

Cashier 2000 

Book-keeper 1800 

Assistant  cashier 1500 

2  clerks,  each 1200 

1  clerk 1000 

1  watchman 720 

1  messenger 600 

2  watchmen,  each 120 

NEW  ORLEANS,  LA. 

Per  Annum. 

Assistant  Treasurer $4000 

Cashier 2250 

Receiving  teller 2000 

Book-keeper 1500 

1  clerk 1000 

1  porter 900 

2  watchmen,  each 720 


NEW  YORK  CITY. 


Assistant  Treasurer 

Deputy  assistant  treasurer 

Cashier  and  chief  clerk 

Chief  of  coin  division 

"      "  note-paying  division.... 

"  "  "  receiving  division. 
"  check  division.... 


Per  Annum. 

$8000 

3600 

4000 

3600 

3000 

2800 

..  2800 


registered  interest  division 2600 

coupon  "  "         2400 

minor  coin  division , 2400 

bond  interest  division 2250 

cancelled  check  division 2000 

2  clerks,  each 2250 

2100 

2000 

1800 

1700 

1600 

1500 

1400 

1200 

6  messengers,  5,  each,  $1300;  1 1200 

3  hallmen,  each 1000 

1  chief  detective 1800 

2  assistant  detectives,  each ...  1400 

2  porters,  each 900 

1   keeper  of  the  building 1800 

6  watchmen,  each 720 

1  engineer 1000 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

Per  Annum, 

Assistant  Treasurer $4500 

Cashier  and  chief  clerk 2500 

Assistant  cashier 1400 

Book-keeper 2500 

2  chief  interest  clerks,  each 1900 

Assistant  book-keeper 1800 

Coin  teller 1700 

2  clerks,  each 1600 

1  clerk 1500 

1     "     1400 

1     " 1300 

1     "     1200 

1  superintendent  of  building 1100 

4  female  counters,  each 900 

5  watchmen,  each 720 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

Per  Annum. 

Assistant  Treasurer $5500 

Cashier 3000 

Book-keeper 2500 

Stamp  clerk 2400 

Assistant  cashier 2000 

"        book-keeper 2000 

1  clerk 1800 

4  watchmen,  each 720 

SAINT  Louis,  Mo. 

Per  Annnm. 

Assistant  Treasurer $4500 

Chief  clerk  and  teller 2500 

Assistant  teller 1800 

Book-keeper 1500 

Assistant  book-keeper 1200 

1  messenger 1000 

4  watchmen,  each... 720 

UNITED   STATES  DEPOSITORY. 

TUCSON,  ARIZONA. 

Per  Annum. 
Depositary $1500 

REGISTER  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

The  Office  of  Register  of  the  Treasury 
was  established  by  the  act  of  September 
2,  1789. 

DUTIES. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Register  to  keep 
all  accounts  of  the  receipts  and  expendi- 
tures of  the  public  money,  and  of  all 
debts  due  to  or  from  the  United  States. 

The  books  kept  in  this  office  show 
every  receipt  and  disbursement  of  the 
Government.  The  Register  receives  from 
the  First  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury 
and  Commissioner  of  Customs  the  ac- 
counts finally  adjusted,  and  must  preserve 
them  with  their  vouchers  and  certificates. 

He  must  record  all  warrants  for  the 
receipt  or  payment  of  moneys  at  the 
Treasury,  and  certify  the  same  thereon, 
except  those  drawn  by  the  Postmaster- 
General,  and  those  drawn  by  the  Secre- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


123 


tary  of  the  Treasury  upon  requisitions 
of  the  Secretaries  of  the  War  and  the 
Navy  Departments. 

He  must  transmit  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  copies  of  the  certificates  of 
balances  of  accounts  adjusted,  and  he 
transmits  to  individuals  statements  of 
balances  due  them  after  settlement  by  the 
First  Comptroller,  on  which  statements 
payment  is  made. 

He  must  furnish  to  the  proper  account- 
ing officers  copies  of  all  warrants  covering 
into  the  United  States  Treasury  proceeds 
of  Government  property,  where  the  same 
may  be  necessary  in  the  settlement  of 
accounts  in  their  respective  offices. 

He  must  charge  on  the  appropriation 
books  in  his  office  all  warrants  drawn  by 
the.  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  upon  the 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  and 
specify  the  particular  appropriation  to 
which  such  warrants  are  chargeable. 

He  issues  through  the  Collectors  of 
Customs  at  the  different  ports,  ships' 
registers,  licenses,  and  enrolments,  and 
they  must  be  attested  under  the  seal  of 
the  Treasury  Department  and  the  hand 
of  the  Register,  and  a  copy  of  each  cer- 
tificate issued  by  the  Collectors  must  be 
transmitted  to  the  Register,  who  must 
cause  a  record  to  be  kept  in  his  office  of 
all  such  certificates. 

Whenever  a  change  is  made  in  the 
registry  of  a  vessel,  the  Collector  of  Cus- 
toms to  whom  application  is  made  for  a 
new  certificate  must  transmit  the  old 
certificate  to  the  Register  of  the  Treasury, 
who  must  cause  the  same  to  be  cancelled. 

Whenever  a  change  of  the  master  of 
any  registered  vessel  is  made,  a  memo- 
randum of  such  change  must  be  trans- 
mitted by  the  Collector  to  the  Register. 

Every  certificate  of  registry  which  is 
delivered  up  to  a  Collector  on  the  loss, 
destruction,  or  capture  of  a  vessel,  or  the 
transfer  thereof  to  a  foreigner,  must  be 
forthwith  forwarded  to  the  Register  to 
be  cancelled,  who,  if  the  same  has  been 
delivered  up  to  a  Collector  other  than  of 
the  district  in  which  it  was  granted,  shall 
cause  notice  of  such  delivery  to  be  given 
to  the  Collector  of  such  district. 

The  Register  must  prepare  annual 
returns  of  all  vessels  built,  lost,  or  de- 
stroyed, and  statements  of  the  tonnage 
of  vessels  in  which  importations  and 
exportations  are  made,  with  the  articles 
and  their  values. 

All  United  States  bonds  are  signed  and 
issued  by  the  Register  of  the  Treasury, 
upon  authority  received  from  the  Secre- 
tary. 


All  registered  bonds  for  transfer  are 
sent  directly  to  the  Register,  who  issues 
new  bonds  in  accordance  with  the  assign- 
ments. 

The  schedules  of  interest  on  registered 
bonds,  as  it  falls  due,  are  prepared  by  the 
Register  and  transmitted  to  the  Treasurer 
for  payment. 

The  Register  of  the  Treasury  makes 
the  record  of  the  redemption  of  all 
United  States  bonds,  and  coupons  on  the 
same,  which  have  been  paid  as  they  fell 
due. 

He  signs  all  Treasury  notes  and  other 
securities. 

The  Assistant  Register  performs  such 
duties  as  may  be  devolved  upon  him  by 
the  Register,  and  in  the  absence  of  the 
Register  acts  in  his  stead ;  and  any  official 
record,  certificate,  or  other  document, 
excepting  warrants,  bonds,  and  drafts, 
signed  by  the  Assistant  Register,  has  the 
same  effect  as  if  signed  by  the  Register. 

This  office  comprises  five  divisions, 
namely:  Coupon  and  Note,  Fractional 
Currency,  Loan,  Receipts  and  Expen- 
ditures, and  Tonnage. 

FORCE  IN  THE  OFFICE  OP   REGISTER  OP  THE 
TREASURY. 

Per  Annum. 

Register $4000 

Assistant  Register 2250 

5  chiefs  of  divisions,  each 2000 

1  disbursing  clerk 2000 

17  clerks,  each 1800 

17 

15 

20 

4 

60 

1  messenger 


1600 

1400 

1200 

1000 

900 

840 

5  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

7  laborers,  each 660 


COMMISSIONER   OF  INTERNAL 
REVENUE. 

The  Internal  Revenue  Bureau  was 
established  by  the  act  of  Congress  of 
July  1,  1862. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER. 

Under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  the  Commissioner  has 
general  superintendence  of  the  assess- 
ment and  collection  of  all  duties  and 
taxes  imposed  by  any  law  providing  in- 
ternal revenue.  He  prepares  and  dis- 
tributes all  instructions,  regulations, 
directions,  forms,  blanks,  stamps,  and 
other  matters  pertaining  to  the  assess- 


124 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


merit  and  collection  of  internal  revenue ; 
provides  hydrometers,  and  proper  adhe- 
sive stamps,  and  stamps  and  dies  for 
expressing  and  denoting  the  several 
stamp  and  percentage  duties. 

Under  regulations  established  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  after  due 
public  notice,  the  Commissioner  receives 
bids  and  makes  contracts  for  supplying 
stationery,  blank-books,  and  blanks  to 
the  Collectors  of  Internal  Revenue. 

He  may  withhold  the  amount  of  salary 
or  commissions  due  a  collector  until  all 
reports  required  by  law  or  regulation 
have  been  received.  He  may  prescribe 
the  notice  to  be  given  by  collectors  to 
deputy  collectors  when  revoking  their 
appointments.  He  may  prescribe  the 
form  of  oath  to  be  taken  by  inspectors  of 
tobacco  and  cigars.  He  is  authorized  to 
prescribe  the  amount  of  fees  to  be  paid 
to  gaugers,  to  be  determined  by  the 
quantity  gauged. 

He  may,  whenever  in  his  judgment 
the  necessities  of  the  service  require, 
employ  not  exceeding  35  agents,  to  be 
paid  such  compensation  as  he  may  deem 
proper,  not  to  exceed  the  appropriation 
made  therefor,  and  he  may  assign  them 
under  the  direction  of  any  officer  of  in- 
ternal revenue,  or  to  any  other  special 
duty. 

These  agents  are  assigned  as  follows : 
one  in  charge  of  the  Division  of  Internal 
Revenue  Agents  in  the  Bureau  of  Inter- 
nal Revenue.  The  remaining  34  are  dis- 
tributed over  the  country,  wherever  dis- 
tilleries, breweries,  or  manufactories  of 
tobacco  are  established. 


DUTIES    OF    INTERNAL    REVENUE 
AGENTS. 

Their  duties  consist  in  watching  distil- 
leries and  breweries,  visiting  them  at 
short  intervals  without  notice,  inspecting 
the  conduct  of  gaugers  and  store-keepers 
to  see  that  they  discharge  their  duties, 
and  in  searching  for  illicit  distilleries 
and  bringing  to  justice  violators  of  the 
laws  in  the  various  departments  relating 
to  internal  revenue,  also  in  examining 
the  offices  of  Collectors  of  Internal  Rev- 
enue when  required  to  do  so  by  the  Com- 
missioner. They  must  be  on  the  alert  at 
railroad  stations  and  at  steamboat  land- 
ings, to  see  to  the  receipts  and  shipments 
of  distilled  spirits,  and  to  compare  them 
with  the  records  kept  by  distillers  and 
liquor-dealers. 

This  corps  is  very  efficient  and  useful 


in  aiding  in  the  enforcement  of  the  laws, 
and  in  promoting  discipline  and  account- 
ability on  the  part  of  all  officers  of  the 
revenue. 

The  force  of  Internal  Revenue  Agents 
is  classed  as  follows: 

Per  Diem. 

lat $12 

21  at 8 

7    "  7 


The  Commissioner  may  transfer  any 
inspector,  gauger,  storekeeper,  or  store- 
keeper and  gauger  from  one  distillery  or 
other  place  of  duty  or  from  one  collection 
district  to  another. 

The  Commissioner  has  power  to  deter- 
mine the  number  of  Internal  Revenue 
storekeepers  to  be  appointed.  One  of 
these  storekeepers  he  must  assign  to 
every  bonded  or  distillery  warehouse, 
and  he  may  transfer  storekeepers  from 
one  warehouse  to  another ;  he  may  au- 
thorize any  officer  of  Internal  Revenue 
to  seize  any  property  which  may  by  law 
be  subject  to  seizure,  and  to  prescribe  the 
regulations  for  the  sale  by  collectors  of 
property  advertised  for  sale  under  dis- 
traint. 

He  is  required  to  make  inquiries, 
determinations,  and  assessments  of  all 
taxes  and  penalties  imposed  by  law, 
where  such  taxes  have  not  been  duly 
paid  by  stamp  at  the  time  and  in  the 
manner  provided  by  law,  and  to  certify 
a  list  of  such  assessments  when  made  to 
the  proper  collectors  for  collection. 

He  is  authorized  to  determine  by  regu- 
lation the  fees  and  charges  to  be  allowed 
in  all  cases  of  distraint  and  other  seizures, 
and  to  determine  whether  any  expense 
incurred  in  making  any  distraint  or 
seizure  was  necessary. 

He  has  charge  of  all  real  estate  as- 
signed, set  off,  or  conveyed,  by  purchase 
or  otherwise,  to  the  United  States,  in 
payment  of  debts  arising  under  the  In- 
ternal Revenue  laws,  and  of  all  trusts 
created  for  the  use  of  the  United  States 
in  payment  of  such  debts,  and  may,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary,  upon  not 
less  than  twenty  days'  notice,  sell  and 
dispose  of  such  lands  for  the  payment  of 
such  debts. 

When  any  such  debts  shall  have  been 
paid,  with  interest,  the  Commissioner, with 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary,  may  release 
and  convey  such  real  estate  to  the  debtor 
from  whom  it  was  taken,  or  to  his  heirs 
or  legal  representatives. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


125 


It  is  his  duty,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Secretary,  to  establish  such  regulations 
as  may  be  necessary  for  the  observance 
of  revenue  officers,  district  attorneys,  and 
marshals  respecting  suits,  and  such  as 
will  fix  the  just  responsibility  of  those  offi- 
cers and  the  prompt  collection  of  all 
revenues  and  debts  due  and  accruing  to 
the  United  States  under  the  Internal 
Revenue  laws. 

He  is  authorized,  subject  to  the  regu- 
lations prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  on  appeal  made  to  him,  to 
refund  all  taxes  erroneously  or  illegally 
assessed  or  collected,  all  penalties  col- 
lected without  authority,  and  all  taxes  that 
appear  to  be  unjustly  assessed  or  excessive 
in  amount,  or  in  any  manner  wrongfully 
collected. 

He  may  prescribe,  for  use  in  the  pre- 
vention and  detection  of  frauds  by  distil- 
lers of  spirits,  such  hydrometers,  sac- 
charometers,  weighing  and  gauging 
instruments  as  may  be  necessary. 

He  prescribes  the  form  of  bond  to  be 
given  by  distillers.  He  provides  locks 
and  seals  for  tubs,  stills,  cisterns,  etc., 
and  may  require  them  put  on  when  he 
deems  it  necessary.  Warehouses  must 
be  approved  by  him. 

The  Commissioner  may  require  the 
transfer  of  goods  from  a  warehouse  when, 
in  his  opinion,  the  warehouse  in  which 
they  are  stored  is  unsafe. 

He  may,  under  regulations  prescribed 
by  him,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury,  issue  tax-paid 
stamps  for  restamping  distilled  spirits 
upon  which  tax  has  been  paid,  but  from 
which  the  stamps  have  been  lost  or  de- 
stroyed by  unavoidable  accident. 

He  may  prescribe  such  regulations  for 
the  inspection  of  cigars,  cheroots,  and 
cigarettes,  and  the  collection  of  the  tax 
thereon,  as  he  may  deem  most  effective 
for  the  prevention  of  frauds  in  the  pay- 
ment of  such  tax.  These  taxes  are  paid 
by  stamps. 

He  may  prescribe  the  form  of  the  re- 
turns of  the  monthly  amount  of  circula- 
tion, of  deposits,  of  notes,  and  of  capital, 
to  be  made  by  every  National  banking 
association,  State  bank,  or  banker,  or 
association,  on  which  a  tax  of  ten  per 
centum  is  levied.  In  default  of  such 
returns,  the  Commissioner  is  authorized 
to  estimate  the  amount  of  such  circulation, 
deposit,  capital,  and  notes,  upon  the  best 
information  he  can  obtain. 

Whenever  the  mode  or  time  of  assess- 
ing or  collecting  any  tax  which  is  imposed 
is  not  provided  for,  the  Commissioner  of 


Internal  Revenue  may  establish  the  same 
by  regulation. 

He  is  authorized,  with  the  approval  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  to  pay 
such  sums,  not  exceeding  in  the  aggre- 
gate the  sum  appropriated  therefor,  as 
he  may  deem  necessary  for  detecting  and 
bringing  to  trial  and  punishment  persons 
guilty  of  violating  the  Internal  Revenue 
laws,  or  conniving  at  the  same,  in  cases 
where  such  expenses  are  not  otherwise 
provided  for  by  law. 

He  must  estimate  in  detail,  by  collec- 
tion districts,  the  expense  of  assessing 
and  the  expense  of  the  collection  of  in- 
ternal revenue,  and  submit  the  same  to 
Cpngress  at  the  commencement  of  each 
session. 


SOLICITOR  OF  INTERNAL  REVENUE. 

The  Solicitor  of  Internal  Revenue  has 
an  office  in  the  Bureau  of  Internal  Reve- 
nue. This  officer  is  the  legal  adviser  of 
the  Commissioner,  and  he  gives  opinions 
and  his  reasons  therefor  to  the  Commis- 
sioner on  matters  of  law  connected  with 
compromise  cases,  and  such  opinions 
must  be  filed  in  the  Commissioner's 
Office. 

The  Bureau  of  Internal  Revenue  com- 
prises the  following  divisions :  Chief 
Clerk's  Office  and  Appointment  Division, 
Law,  Tobacco,  Accounts,  Stamps,  Assess- 
ments, Distilled  Spirits,  and  Revenue 
Agents. 

The  total  cost  of  collecting  the  internal 
revenue  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,  1879,  was  $4,205,632.18.  Total  re- 
ceipts for  the  same  year  were  $113,449,- 
621.38.  The  per  cent,  of  cost  of  collec- 
tion to  receipts  was  3^j. 

FORCE  IN  THE   OFFICE  OF  THE    COMMISSIONER 
OF  INTERNAL  REVENUE. 

Per  Annum. 

Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue $6000 

Deputy  Commissioner 3200 

2  chiefs  of  division,  each 2500 

5       "  «  "    2250 

1  stenographer 1800 


23  clerks,  each. 

26 

36 

21 

13 

50 

4  assistant  messengers,  each. 

10  laborers,  each 


1800 
1600 
1400 
1200 
1000 
900 
720 
660 


Employe's  paid  from  the  appropriation 
r  punishing  persons 
the  Internal  Revenue 


for  punishing  persons  guilty  of  violating 
laws  : 


126 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


1  clerk per  month  $100 

2  clerks,  each "   annum  900 

1  assistant  messenger "        "       720 

Employes    paid    from     appropriation 
"  For  dies,  paper,  and  stamps  :" 

Per  Annum. 

1  clerk $1800 

1     «     1400 

21  clerks,  each 900 

4  employes,  each 720 

On  duty  in  New  York  : 

Per  Annum. 
1  clerk $2100 

3  clerks,  each 1600 

1  clerk...' 900 

1  employg 720 


INTERNAL  REVENUE  SERVICE. 

DUTIES   OF   COLLECTORS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  Collectors  or  their 
deputies  in  their  respective  districts,  and 
they  are  authorized,  to  collect  all  the 
taxes  imposed  by  law,  however  the  same 
may  be  designated ;  and  every  Collector 
and  Deputy  Collector  must  give  receipts 
for  all  sums  collected  by  him. 

Where  it  is  not  otherwise  provided,  the 
Collector  must,  in  person  or  by  deputy, 
within  ten  days  after  receiving  any  list 
of  taxes  from  the  Commissioner  of  In- 
ternal Revenue,  give  notice  to  each  per- 
son liable  to  pay  any  taxes  stated  therein, 
to  be  left  at  his  dwelling  or  usual  place 
of  business,  or  to  be  sent  by  mail,  stating 
the  amount  of  such  taxes  and  demanding 
payment  thereof.  If  such  person  does  not 
pay  the  taxes  within  ten  days  after  the  serv- 
ice or  the  sending  by  mail  of  such  notice,  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Collector  or  his 
deputy  to  collect  the  said  taxes,  with  a 
penalty  of  five  per  centum  additional  upon 
the  amount  of  taxes,  and  interest  at  the 
rate  of  one  per  centum  per  month.  - 

Any  Collector  or  Deputy  Collector  may, 
for  the  collection  of  taxes  imposed  upon 
any  person,  and  committed  to  him  for  col- 
lection, proceed  to  collect  the  same  by  dis- 
traint and  sale  of  the  goods,  chattels,  and 
effects  of  the  person  delinquent;  and  when 
the  goods,  chattels,  and  effects  are  insuf- 
ficient to  satisfy  the  taxes,  he  may  collect 
the  same  by  seizure  and  sale  of  real  estate. 
Certain  goods  and  effects  are  specially  ex- 
empted :  see  Section  3187  Revised  Statutes. 

Collectors  may  appoint  deputies,  for 
whom  they  are  responsible  for  their  acts 
and  compensation. 

In  case  of  the  sickness  or  absence  of  a 
Collector,  or  in  case  of  his  temporary 
disability  to  discharge  his  duties,  they 


shall  devolve  upon  his  senior  deputy, 
unless  he  shall  have  devolved  them  upon 
another  of  his  deputies ;  and  for  the  of- 
ficial acts  or  defaults  of  such  deputies 
the  Collector  and  his  sureties  shall  be  held 
responsible  to  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  a  vacancy  occurring  in  the 
office  of  Collector,  the  deputies  of  such  Col- 
lector shall  continue  to  act  until  his  succes- 
sor is  appointed,  the  deputy  of  such  Collec- 
tor senior  in  service  shall  discharge  all  the 
duties  of  Collector,  and  also  the  duties  of 
disbursing  agent ;  and  of  two  or  more  dep- 
uties appointed  on  the  same  day,  the  one 
residing  nearest  the  residence  of  the  Col- 
lector when  the  vacancy  occurred  shall  dis- 
charge the  said  duties  until  another  Collec- 
tor is  appointed.  When  it  appears  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  that  the  interest 
of  the  Government  so  requires,  he  may,  by 
his  order,  direct  the  said  duties  to  be  per- 
formed by  such  other  one  of  the  said  dep- 
uties as  he  may  designate.  For  the  official 
acts  and  defaults  of  the  deputy  upon  whom 
said  duties  are  devolved,  remedy  shall  be 
had  on  the  official  bond  of  the  Collector,  as 
in  other  cases  ;  and  for  the  official  acts  and 
defaults  of  such  deputy  as  acting  disburs- 
ing agent,  remedy  shall  be  had  on  the  of- 
ficial bond  of  the  Collector  as  disbursing 
agent.  And  any  bond  or  security  taken 
from  a  deputy  by  a  Collector,  pursuant  to 
Section  12  of  "An  act  to  amend  existing 
customs  and  Internal  Revenue  laws  and 
for  other  purposes,"  approved  February 
8, 1875,  shall  be  available  to  his  legal  rep- 
resentatives and  sureties  to  indemnify 
them  for  loss  or  damage  accruing  from 
any  act  or  omission  of  duty  by  the  deputy 
so  continuing  or  succeeding  to  the  duties 
of  such  Collector. 

The  Deputy  Collector,  while  discharging 
the  duties  of  Collector  during  the  pen- 
dency of  a  vacancy,  shall  be  entitled  to 
the  salary  and  commissions  or  allowances 
of  the  Collector.  Collectors  supervise  the 
duties  of  gaugers  and  of  storekeepers, 
and  they  are  required  to  report  viola- 
tions of  the  Internal  Revenue  laws  to  the 
district  attorneys.  Every  Collector,  Dep- 
uty Collector,  and  inspector  may  admin- 
ister oaths  and  take  evidence  touching 
the  administration  of  the  revenue  laws. 

Every  Collector  shall,  from  time  to  time, 
cause  his  deputies  to  proceed  through 
every  part  of  his  district  and  inquire 
after  and  concerning  all  persons  therein 
who  are  liable  to  pay  a  special  tax,  and 
all  persons  owning  or  having  the  care 
and  management  of  any  objects  liable  to 
pay  any  tax,  and  to  make  a  list  of  such 
persons  and  enumerate  said  objects. 


TREA SURY  DEPARTMENT. 


127 


Every  Collector,  or  Deputy  Collector 
may  enter  the  premises  of  any  person  and 
make  returns,  when  such  person  refuses 
or  neglects  to  render  returns,  or  who  ren- 
ders a  false  or  fraudulent  return,  and 
they  (also  inspectors)  may  enter  any 
premises  where  articles  subject  to  tax  are 
kept,  for  the  purpose  of  examining  them. 

Collectors  must  pay  all  taxes  collected 
into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States 
daily,  without  abatement,  but  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  may,  in  districts 
remote  from  a  Government  depository, 
extend  the  time  of  payment  not  exceed- 
ing one  month. 

Every  Collector  within  his  collection  dis- 
trict, and  every  Internal  Revenue  agent, 
must  see  that  all  laws  and  regulations 
relating  to  the  collection  of  internal  taxes 
are  faithfully  executed  and  complied  with, 
and  must  aid  in  the  prevention,  detection, 
and  punishment  of  any  frauds  in  relation 
thereto.  And  it  is  the  duty  of  every  Col- 
lector and  of  every  Internal  Revenue 
agent  to  report  to  the  Commissioner  in 
writing  any  neglect  of  duty,  incompe- 
tency,  delinquency,  or  malfeasance  in 
office  of  any  Internal  Revenue  officer  or 
agent  of  which  he  may  obtain  knowledge, 
with  a  statement  of  all  the  facts  in  each 
case,  and  any  evidence  sustaining  the 
same. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  Collectors  of  In- 
ternal Revenue  to  act  as  disbursing  agents 
of  the  Treasury  for  the  payment  of  all 
expenses  of  collection  of  taxes  and  other 
expenditures  for  the  Internal  Revenue 
Service  within  their  respective  districts, 
under  regulations  and  instructions  from 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  on  giving 
good  and  sufficient  bond,  with  such  sure- 
ties, in  such  form,  and  in  such  penal  sum 
as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  First  Comp- 
troller of  the  Treasury,  and  approved  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  for  the 
faithful  performance  of  their  duties  as 
such  disbursing  agents,  but  no  additional 
compensation  shall  be  paid  to  Collectors 
for  such  services. 

Every  Collector  shall,  at  the  expiration 
of  each  month  after  he  commences  his 
collections,  transmit  to  the  Commissioner 
of  Internal  Revenue  a  statement  of  the 
collections  made  by  him  within  the 
month.  It  is  the  duty  of  Collectors,  in 
their  respective  districts,  to  prosecute  for 
the  recovery  of  any  sums  which  may  be 
forfeited  by  law;  but  no  suit  for  the  re- 
covery of  taxes,  or  of  any  fine,  penalty, 
or  forfeiture,  shall  be  commenced  unless 
the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue 
authorizes  or  sanctions  the  proceedings. 


Following  is  a  schedule  comprising 
the  Collectors,  Deputy  Collectors,  clerks, 
gangers,  storekeepers,  and  inspectors  em- 
ployed in  the  several  districts,  with  their 
compensation. 

Collectors  are  entitled  to  a  fixed  salary 
of  $1500  and  certain  commissions  on  col- 
lections, out  of  which  they  must  compen- 
sate their  deputies  and  clerks,  and  they 
cannot  receive,  in  the  aggregate,  compen- 
sation exceeding  $4500  per  annum  each. 

The  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue 
has  prescribed  the  following  fees  for  the 
compensation  of  gaugers : 

Per  Diem. 
For  gauging  1600  gallons $5.00 


50 
100 
200 
300 
400 
500 
600 
700 
800 


1.60 
2.00 
2.50 
3.00 
3.20 
3.40 
3.60 
3.80 
4.00 


INTERNAL    REVENUE    COLLECTION 
DISTRICTS. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OF  ALABAMA  (MOBILE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2500 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

2  "       collectors,  each 1000 

3  "  "  "    900 

1  gauger fees. 


SECOND  DISTRICT  OP  ALABAMA  (MONTGOMERY). 

Per  Anntim. 

Collector $2500 

1  clerk 1500 

8  deputy  collectors,  each 1200 

1  deputy  collector 650 

1  storekeeper,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers  and  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem         4 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 


DISTRICT  OP  ARIZONA  (PRESCOTT). 


Per  Annum. 

$2125 

collector 1000 

"       500 

1       «  «       400 

1  gauger fees. 


Collector. 
1  deputy 


ARKANSAS  (LITTLE  ROCK). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2750 

'  2  deputy  collectors,  each 1500 

1       "       collector 1300 

6       "       collectors,  each 1200 

16  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  not  to 

exceed,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 


128 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


FIRST   DISTRICT  OF  CALIFORNIA  (SAN  FRAN- 
CISCO). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $4500 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 2000 

1       "       collector 1900 

1       "  "       1700 

1  "  «       1600 

5       "       collectors,  each 1500 

3  "  "  "    1200 

2  "  "  "    900 

1  clerk 600 

1     "     1500 

1     "     1200 


4  deputy  collectors,  each 

14  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

1  storekeeper    and    gauger,  not   to  ex- 

ceed, per  diem 4 

15  gaugers,  each fees. 

2  inspectors  of  tobacco,  each fees. 

FOURTH   DISTRICT  OF  CALIFORNIA  (SACRA- 
MENTO). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3250 

1  deputy  collector 1900 

4      "        collectors,  each 1700 

2  "               "            "   1600 

1       "        collector 1500 

1       "                "     1200 

1  clerk 1500 

1  deputy  collector 1000 

4  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

4  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLORADO  (DENVER). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2750 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1500 

1       "        collector 1250 

1  clerk 1000 

2  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  not  to 

exceed,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OF  CONNECTICUT   (NORWICH). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3250 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

1       "       collector 1200 

1       "  "      1000 

1  clerk 600 

3  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

5  gaugers,  each fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OF  CONNECTICUT  (BRIDGE- 
PORT). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3125 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

1       "        collector 1300 

1       «  "      1275 

1       "  "      1000 

1       "  "      725 

1  clerk 1000 

2  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  not  to 

exceed,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 


DAKOTA  (YANKTON). 

Per  A  r:n Tim. 

Collector $2250 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

1       "  "      1300 

1  clerk 950 

1     "     500 

1  gauger fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  DELAWARE  (WILMINGTON). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3625 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  FLORIDA  (JACKSONVILLE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2875 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1500 

4  "  "  «  1400 

1  storekeeper  and  gauger,  per  diem 4 

1  gauger fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OF  GEORGIA  (ATLANTA). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3000 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

2  "        collectors,  each 1300 

1       "       collector 1200 

1  clerk 1200 

8  deputy  collectors,  each 110Q 

3  "  "  "  900 

19  gaugers  and  storekeepers,  each,  not  to 

exceed,  per  diem 4 

5  gaugers,  each fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  GEORGIA  (SAVANNAH). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3000 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1500 

5       "  "  «    1400 

1  "        collector 1300 

5       "        collectors,  each 1200 

2  storekeepers    and    gaugers,    each,    per 

diem 4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  IDAHO  (BOISE  CITY). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2125 

1  deputy  collector 1800 

1       "  "      1500 

1       "  "      1400 

1  storekeeper  and  gauger,  per  diem 4 

1  gauger fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OF  INDIANA  (EVANSVILLE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3000 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

1       "  "       1400 

1  clerk 1400 

1  deputy  collector 1200 

1       "  "       1000 

1       "  "       100 

1       "  "      200 

4  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


129 


3  storekeepers  and  gangers,  each,  not  to 

exceed,  per  diem $4 

4  gaugers,  each fees. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OF  INDIANA  (GREENSBURG). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector....  $4500 


1  deputy  collector. 
T 

i 

i 
i 
i 
i 

i 
i 


21  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem. 
13  gaugers,  each 


1700 

1400 

1250 

700 

650 

500 

300 

240 

600 

4 

fees. 


SIXTH  DISTRICT  OF  INDIANA  (INDIANAPOLIS). 

Per  Annum. 

'.$3750 

1800 

900 

300 

4 


Collector 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 

1       "       collector 

1       "  "      

3  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 

3  and    gaugers,    each,    per 
diem 4 

4  gaugers,  each fees. 

SEVENTH    DISTRICT   OF    INDIANA   (TERRE 
HAUTE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1700 

1       «  "       1500 

1  «  "       1200 

2  "       collectors,  each 1100 

6  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

6  gaugers,  each fees. 

TENTH  DISTRICT  OF  INDIANA  (WARSAW). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2750 

1  deputy  collector 1400 

1  «  «      1300 

2  "       collectors,  each 1200 

1  clerk 800 

3  gaugers,  each,  per  diem fees. 

ELEVENTH  DISTRICT  OF  INDIANA  (ANDERSON). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2500 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1200 

1  clerk 900 

1     "     300 

1  storekeeper  and  gauger,  per  diem 4 

1  gauger fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OF  IOWA  (DAVENPORT). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2875 

1  deputy  collector 1300 

1  clerk 1200 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 600 

3  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 


THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  IOWA  (DUBUQUE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3125 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

1  clerk 1000 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1000 

1       "       collector 800 

1  storekeeper,  per  diem 4 

2  storekeepers   and   gaugers,    each,    per 

diem 4 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OF  IOWA  (BURLINGTON). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3000 

1  clerk 1100 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1000 

1  clerk 900 

2  storekeepers   and   gaugers,    each,    per 

diem ...  4 


FIFTH  DISTRICT  OF  IOWA  (DBS  MOINES). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2500 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 800 

1  "       collector 600 

2  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OF  ILLINOIS  (CHICAGO). 

Per  Annum 

Collector $450  J 

1  deputy  collector 200:) 

1  "  "       1800 

5  "       collectors,  each 1600 

2  "  "  "   1500 

1       "       collector 1200 

3  clerks,  each 1200 

1  deputy  collector 1000 

1       "  "       840 

30  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

31  gaugers,  each fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OF  ILLINOIS  (AURORA). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3125 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

2  "       collectors,  each 1100 

1  clerk 600 

1  storekeeper  and  gauger,  per  diem 4 

1  gauger fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  ILLINOIS  (STERLING). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4375 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

3  "       collectors,  each 900 

1       "       collector 500 

4  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OF  ILLINOIS  (QtiiNcr). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

3       "       collectors,  each 1100 


9 


130 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 

1  clerk $1000 

1  deputy  collector 500 

1  clerk 400 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 300 

1       "       collector 250 

4  "       collectors,  each 200 

7  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

5  gaugers,  each fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 

FIFTH  DISTRICT  OP  ILLINOIS  (PEORIA). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1700 

4       "       collectors,  each 1500 

37  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

24  gangers,  each fees. 


SEVENTH  DISTRICT  OP  ILLINOIS  (CHAMPAIGN). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2500 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1000 

1  storekeeper  and  gauger,  per  diem 4 

1  gauger fees. 

EIGHTH  DISTRICT  OP  ILLINOIS  (SPRINGFIELD). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1800 

3  "       collectors,  each 1400 

1       "       collector 1200 

1       "  "      200 

12  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

7  gaugers,  each fees. 

THIRTEENTH  DISTRICT  OP  ILLINOIS  (CAIRO). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3785 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

1       "  "       1400 

3  "       collectors,  each 1200 

1       "       collector 1100 

1  "  "       1000 

2  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

5  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OP  KANSAS  (LEAVENWORTH). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2700 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1700 

1       "       collector 1300 

1       "  "      1000 

1  storekeeper,  per  diem 4 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 


SECOND  DISTRICT  OP  KENTUCKY  (OWENSBORO'). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3750 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

6  "       collectors,  each 1400 

1  clerk 900 

28  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

7  gaugers,  each fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 


FIFTH  DISTRICT  OF  KENTUCKY  (LOUISVILLE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1900 

1       "  "       1800 

1       "  "       1700 

6      "       collectors,  each 1200 

4       «  "  "    1100 

1  clerk «800 

88  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

18  gaugers,  each fees. 

SIXTH  DISTRICT  OP  KENTUCKY  (COVINGTON). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1900 

1  "  "      1800 

2  "       collectors,  each 1400 

1  "       collector 1300 

2  "       collectors,  each 900 

1       "       collector 600 

26  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

20  gaugers,  each fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 


SEVENTH  DISTRICT  OP  KENTUCKY  (LEXINGTON). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1900 

2  "       collectors,  each 1500 

2  "  «  «    1300 

1       "       collector 1200 

I  "  "       600 

55   storekeepers   and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

II  gaugers,  each fees. 

EIGHTH  DISTRICT  OF  KENTUCKY  (LANCASTER^. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2875 

1  deputy  collector 1400 

3  "       collectors,  each 1100 

2  "  "  "    900 

1       "       collector 600 

57  storekeepers  and   gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

5  gaugers,  each fees. 

NINTH  DISTRICT  OP  KENTUCKY  (MAYSVILLE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2750 

1  deputy  collector 1400 

1  "  "       1000 

3  "       collectors,  each 800 

7   storekeepers   and   gaugers,   each,  per 

diem 4 

4  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OP  LOUISIANA  (NEW  ORLEANS). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3725 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1700 

1       "       collector 1600 

6  "       collectors,  each 1500 

4       "  "  "   ..  ..  1400 


TREASURY  DEPART. 


Per  Annum. 


2  deputy  collectors,  each $1000 

1  «       collector 400 

8  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

10  gaugers,  each fees. 

2  inspectors  of  tobacco,  each fees. 


DISTRICT  OP  MAINE  (PORTLAND). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2500 

1  deputy  collector 1250 

2  "       collectors,  each 1075 

1       "       collector 975 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  MARYLAND  (BALTIMORE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1700 

13     "       collectors,  each 1400 

1  "       collector 1300 

2  "       collectors,  each 1200 

1  clerk 1200 

6  clerks,  each 1100 

1  deputy  collector 1100 

1  clerk 900 

11  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

17  gaugers,  each fees. 

2  inspectors  of  tobacco,  each fees. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OF  MARYLAND  (CUMBERLAND). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2500 

1  deputy  collector 1300 

1      *<  "         1100 

1      "  «         1000 

1      "  "         900 

9  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem      4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  MASSACHUSETTS  (BOSTON). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

6  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

3  «  "  «    1100 

1       "        collector 1000 

4  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

6  gaugers,  each... fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 

FIFTH  DISTRICT  OF  MASSACHUSETTS  (NEWBURY- 
PORT). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4375 

1  deputy  collector 1400 


collectors,  each. 


collector. 


1350 
1200 
1050 
800 
700 
575 
200 
4 


7  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 

4  gaugers,  each fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 

TENTH   DISTRICT  OF   MASSACHUSETTS  (NORTH 
ADAMS). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3250 

1  deputy  collector 1300 


4  deputy 


131 


2  storekeepers,  each, 

3  gaugers,  eac 
1  inspector  of 


*w    :  Per  Annum, 

lectors,  eacl^..;.....^^1000 


.!...&.  YOOO 

£>  /ees. 
iT.../fees. 


FIRST  DISTRICT  OF  MICHIGAN  (DETROIT). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1900 

1     "  "         1600 

3     "        collectors,  each 1400 

1     "        collector 1000 

1  clerk 1000 

1  "     900 

2  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

1  gauger fees. 

2  inspectors  of  tobacco,  each fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  MICHIGAN  (HILLSDALE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3125 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1100 

1  clerk 1100 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1050 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OF  MICHIGAN   (GRAND 
RAPIDS). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2500 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1200 

1  clerk 800 

1  gauger fees. 

SIXTH  DISTRICT  OF  MICHIGAN  (EAST  SAGINAW). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2625 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1000 

2       "  "  "    900 

1       "        collector 800 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OF  MINNESOTA  (ROCHESTER). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2500 

1  deputy  collector 1350 

1  "  "         950 

2  "        collectors,  each 900 

1      "         collector 800 

1      "  "         750 

1  gauger fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OF  MINNESOTA  (ST.  PAUL). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2750 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1260 

1      "       collector 1220 

1  clerk 900 

1  deputy  collector 640 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  MISSISSIPPI  (JACKSON). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2625 

5  deputy  collectors,  each 1500 

6  '<  "  "    .  ..  1400 


132 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 

1  deputy  collector $1300 

1  storekeeper,  per  diem..... 4 

1  gauger fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OP  MISSOURI  (ST.  Louis). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 2000 

1  «  "        1900 

2  "      collectors,  each 1700 

9      "  "  «     1400 

2  "  "  "     1200 

12  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

20  gaugers,  each fees. 

1  inspector  of  tobacco fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OP  MISSOURI   (CAPE 
GIRARDEAU). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2375 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

1  clerk 1100 

5  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem         4 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OP  MISSOURI  (LOUISIANA). 

Per  Anmim. 

Collector $3250 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

3  "       collectors,  each 1300 

1       "       collector 900 

6  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem        4 
1  gauger fees. 

FIFTH  DISTRICT  OP  MISSOURI  (CARTHAGE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3000 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

1      "  "         1400 

1      "  «         1300 

1      "  "         1200 

1      "  " 1100 

3  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem        4 
3  gaugers,  each fees. 

SIXTH  DISTRICT  OP  MISSOURI  (KANSAS  CITY). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2875 

1  deputy  collector 1400 

1  clerk 1200 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1100 

12  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OP  MONTANA  (HELENA). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2125 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1600 

1  storekeeper,  per  diem 4 

1  gauger fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  NEBRASKA  (OMAHA). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3875 

1  deputy  collector 1800 

1      "  "         1700 

1      "  "         1600 


Per  Annum. 

1  deputy  collector $1200 

1  clerk 1000 

4  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  NEVADA  (VIRGINIA  CITY). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2500 

1  deputy  collector 1800 

1      "  "         1700 

1      "  "         1500 

gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  (DOVER). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3000 

1  deputy  collector 1100 

1  clerk 1000 

1  deputy  collector 850 

3      "         collectors,  each 600 

1  gauger fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OP  NEW  JERSEY  (CAMDEN). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3000 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

1  "  "         1100 

2  "        collectors,  each 1000 

1      "        collector 900 

3  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.   fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OP  NEW  JERSEY  (SOMERVILLE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3250 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

2  "         collectors,  each 1100 

1  "        collector 1000 

1  "  «         900 

1  «  "         800 

1  "  «         300 

1  "  "         200 

2  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.  fees. 

FIFTH  DISTRICT  OF  NEW  JERSEY  (NEWARK) 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1800 

8      "         collectors,  each 1400 

1      "         collector 1200 

1      «  " 1000 

1      "  "         800 

1      "  "         700 

3  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.  fees. 

DISTRICT  OP  NEW  MEXICO  (SANTA  FE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2500 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

1      «  "         1400 

1  "  "         1100 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OP  NEW  YORK  (BROOKLYN). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 2000 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


133 


Per  Annum. 

1  deputy  collector $1800 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1700 

2      "  "  "      1600 

9      "  "  "      1400 

1      "        collector 1200 

I      «  "         1100 

1      "  "         800 

8  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

8  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.   fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OP  NEW  YORK  (NEW  YORK). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 2000 

1  «  "       1800 

2  "       collectors,  each 1600 

I  clerk 1600 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1500 

II  "  "  "    1400 

1        "       collector 1250 

6        "       collectors,  each 1200 

1  clerk 1200 

1  deputy  collector 600 

19  gaugers  and   1   inspector  of  tobacco, 

each fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  NEW  YORK  (NEW  YORK). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 2000 

1       "  "       1800 

1       "  "       1600 

1       «  "       1500 

15     "       collectors,  each 1400 

3  clerks,  "    1400 

1  deputy  collector 1200 

1  clerk 1200 

2  clerks,  each 1100 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

ELEVENTH  DISTRICT  OP  NEW  YORK  (MIDDLE- 
TOWN). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2750 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

1  "       collector 1200 

2  "       collectors,  each 900 

1  clerk 600 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

TWELFTH  DISTRICT  OF  NEW  YORK  (HUDSON). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3500 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1200 

1  collector  1080 

3  collectors,  each 800 

1                collector  500 

1                      "         400 

1                      "         200 

1  storekeeper,  per  diem 4 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 


FOURTEENTH    DISTRICT   OP   NEW  YORK    (AL- 
BANY). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3700 

I  deputy  collector 1700 


Per  Annum. 

3  deputy  collectors,  each $1350 

1       "       collector 1050 

1       "  "        500 

3  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.  fees. 

FIFTEENTH  DISTRICT  OF  NEW  YORK  (TROY). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2875 

1  deputy  collector 1700 

1  "  "       700 

2  "       collectors,  each 600 

1  "       collector  500 

2  gaugers,  each fees'. 


TWENTY-FIRST     DISTRICT     OF     NEW    YORK 
(UTICA). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3250 

1  deputy  collector 1100 

1  "  "       600 

2  "       collectors,  each 500 

1       "       collector 450 

1  "  "       250 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 


TWENTY-FOURTH    DISTRICT   OF   NEW  YORK 
(AUBURN). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3750 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

1  "  "       1200 

2  "       collectors,  each 1100 

2      «  "  "    900 

6  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

7  gaugers,  each fees. 

TWENTY-SIXTH  DISTRICT  OF  NEW  YORK  (BING- 
HAMTON). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2875 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1100 

1       "        collector 1000 

1  "  "         90U 

2  "       collectors,  each 450 

1  gauger  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.  fees. 

TWENTY-EIGHTH    DISTRICT   OF   NEW  YORK 
(ROCHESTER). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4125 

1  deputy  collector 1800 

1       "  "         1500 

1       "  «         1250 

4       "       collectors,  each 1200 

1       "       collector  850 

4  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.  fees. 

THIRTIETH  DISTRICT  OF  NEW  YORK  (BUFFALO). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1900 

5  "        collectors,  each 1400 

1  "        collector 1300 

2  "        collectors,  each 1200 

1       "        collector 1000 

5  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 5 

8  gaugers,  each , fees. 


134 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


SECOND  DISTRICT  OP  NORTH  CAROLINA  (NEW 
BERNE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2500 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1700 

2       "  "  '<    1400 

2       "  "  "    1100 

1  "       collector 1000 

2  clerks,  each 900 

1  deputy  collector 600 

2  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

5  gaugers,  each fees. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OP  NORTH  CAROLINA  (RA- 
LEIGH). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $4125 

1  deputy  collector 1400 

2  "  collectors,  each 1200 

1  "  collector 1100 

12  "  collectors,  each 1000 

1  "  collector 900 

I  "  "         300 

II  storekeepers   and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

5  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.  fees. 

TIFTH   DISTRICT  OP  NORTH  CAROLINA   (WIN- 
STON). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4000 

1  deputy  collector 1700 

1       "  "       1400 

9  "       collectors,  each 1100 

1       "       collector  300 

61  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

5  gaugers,  each fees. 

SIXTH  DISTRICT  OP  NORTH  CAROLINA  (STATES- 
VILLE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3125 

1  deputy  collector 1700 

8       "       collectors,  each 1400 

5  "  "  "    1100 

2  clerks,  "    1000 

1  clerk 600 

192  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

10  gaugers,  each fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OP  OHIO  (CINCINNATI). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 2000 

]        •«  "       1800 

1  «  "       1600 

2  "       collectors,  each 1500 

6  "  "  "    1400 

1  "       collector 1200 

2  clerks,  each 1200 

2       "         "    900 

1  clerk 800 

1      "    600 

29  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

42  gaugers,  2  inspectors  of  tobacco,  each.   fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OP  OHIO  (DAYTON). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1900 


Per  Annum. 
2  deputy  collectors,  each $1400 

2  "  "  "    1200 

3  "  «  "    1000 

1  "       collector 300 

7  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

6  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.   fees. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OP  OHIO  (BELLEFONTAINE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3375 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

1       "       collector 1200 

1  clerk 600 

1  deputy  collector 300 

4  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem         4 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

SIXTH  DISTRICT  OP  OHIO  (WASHINGTON  COURT- 
HOUSE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3500 

1  deputy  collector 1400 

1  clerk '   1300 

1  deputy  collector 700 

1       "  "       400 

1       "  "       300 

5  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

5  gaugers,  each fees. 

SEVENTH  DISTRICT  OP  OHIO  (COLUMBUS). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3125 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

3  "       collectors,  each 1300 

1  clerk 900 

1      "    720 

4  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem         4 

6  gaugers,  each .*.    fees. 

TENTH  DISTRICT  OP  OHIO  (TOLEDO). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4375 

1  deputy  collector 1900 

1       "  "       1100 

1       "  "       1000 

3       "       collectors,  each 900 

1       "       collector 300 

6  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem         4 

8  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.  fees. 

ELEVENTH  DISTRICT  OP  OHIO  (PORTSMOUTH). 

Per  Annum 

Collector $425u 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

1       "  «       ]200 

1       "  "       1100 

1       "  "       800 

1       "  "       700 

1       «  "       600 

1       "  "       400 

6  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem         4 
3  gaugers,  each fees. 

FIFTEENTH  DISTRICT  OP   OHIO  (MARIETTA). 

Per  Annum 

Collector $2750 

1  deputy  collector 1200 

1       «  «  1100 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


135 


Per  Annum. 

2  deputy  collectors,  each $1000 

3  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

1  gauger fees. 

EIGHTEENTH  DISTRICT  OF  OHIO  (CLEVELAND). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4250 

1  deputy  collector 1900 

3  "        collectors,  each 1400 

4  "  "  "   1100 

1  clerk 1100 

1  deputy  collector 1000 

3  clerks,  each 600 

9  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem        4 

5  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OP  OREGON  (PORTLAND). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2500 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1500 

L  gauger fees. 

FIRST    DISTRICT   OF    PENNSYLVANIA   (PHILA- 
DELPHIA). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 2000 

1       "  "       1700 

1       "  "       1600 

21  "       collectors,  each 1400 

1  "       collector 1300 

4  "        collectors,  each 1200 

2  "  "  "     1100 

2  "  "  "     1000 

1       "       collector 800 

3  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

22  gaugers,  each .". fees. 

EIGHTH   DISTRICT  OF    PENNSYLVANIA  (HEAD- 
ING). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3500 

1  deputy  collector 1150 

5  "       collectors,  each 1100 

1       "       collector 800 

1  "  "       500 

1.        "  "        300 

9  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem        4 
3  gaugers,  each fees. 

NINTH   DISTRICT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  (LANCAS- 
TER.) 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $4125 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1500 

3  "  "  "    1400 

2  "  "  "    1200 

1       "        collector 1000 

18  storekeepers   and   gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

1  gauger  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each.  fees. 

TWELFTH    DISTRICT    OF    PENNSYLVANIA 

(WlLKESBARRE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3125 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

3       "  "  "    1200 

2  "  "  "    1000 

1  clerk 600 


Per  Annum. 

1  clerk $400 

2  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem         4 
4  gaugers,  each fees. 

FOURTEENTH  DISTRICT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

(SUNBURY). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2750 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1350 

1       "      collector 1200 

1        "  "        1095 

1        "  "        250 

1  clerk 250 

14  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

SIXTEENTH  DISTRICT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 
(SOMERSET). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2750 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1100 

1       "      collector 900 

1  "  "        800 

26  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

NINETEENTH  DISTRICT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

(ERIE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2500 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1300 

1  "      collector 600 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

TWENTIETH  DISTRICT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 
(GREENVILLE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2500 

1  deputy  collector 1450 

1       «  «        1175 

1  "  "        975 

2  clerks,  each 600 

4  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem        4 

TWENTY-SECOND  DISTRICT  OF   PENNSYLVANIA 
(PITTSBURG). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1800 

1  "  «        1500 

2  clerks,  each 1500 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

2  "  "  "    1350 

1       "      collector 1150 

1  clerk 950 

1     «     900 

1     "     800 

25  storekeepers  and    gaugers,   each,  per 

diem 4 

9  gaugers,  each fees. 

TWENTY-THIRD   DISTRICT   OF    PENNSYLVANIA 
(ALLEGHANY  CITY). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3625 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

3  "       collectors,  each 1400 

2  "  "  "     1200 

1       "      collector 1100 


136 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


9  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem      $4 
5  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OF   RHODE   ISLAND  (PROVIDENCE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3000 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

1  "      collector 1100 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA  (COLUMBIA). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3500 

1  deputy  collector 1400 

7       "       collectors,  each 1100 

30  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

9  gaugers,  each fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OF  TENNESSEE  (KNOXVILLE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2625 

1  deputy  collector. 1600 

1        "  "       1300 

3  "       collectors,  each 1200 

1       "       collector 600 

14  storekeepers   and   gaugers,  each,  per 

diem 4 

4  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each  fees. 

FIFTH   DISTRICT  OF  TENNESSEE  (NASHVILLE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3875 

1  deputy  collector 1700 

1       "  "       1500 

1       "  "       1400 

1  "  "        1125 

2  "       collectors,  each 1080 

1  clerk 1300 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1000 

1  clerk 1000 

1  deputy  collector 360 

1       "  "       60 

57  storekeepers   and  gaugers,   each,  per 

diem 4 

9  gaugers,  each fees. 

EIGHTH   DISTRICT  OF   TENNESSEE  (MEMPHIS). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2625 

1  deputy  collector 1800 

1  "  "        1200 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1100 

1        "       collector 900 

1  storekeeeper  and  gauger,  per  diem 4 

1  gauger fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OF  TEXAS  (GALVESTON). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3000 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

2  "       collectors,  each 1400 

5  «  "  "     1300 

1  storekeeper,  per  diem 4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  TEXAS. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2500 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 1600 


Per  Annum. 

1  deputy  collector $1400 

2  clerks,  each 1200 

9  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem         4 
2  gaugers,  each fees. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OF  TEXAS  (JEFFERSON). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2375 

5  deputy  collectors,  each 1200 

1  gauger fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  UTAH  (SALT  LAKE  CITY). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2375 

1  deputy  collector 1300 

1  "  "        1100 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OF  VERMONT  (MONTPELIER). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2375 

1  deputy  collector 950 

1  "  "       600 

2  "       collectors,  each 500 

1  gauger fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OF  VIRGINIA  (PETERSBURG). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

1         '  "        1400 

5         '       collectors,  each 1300 

1         '       collector 1200 

5  '       collectors,  each 1100 

1        '       collector 1000 

1        '  "        500 

6  gaugers  and   3   inspectors  of  tobacco, 

each fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  VIRGINIA  (RICHMOND). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1800 

1        "  "        1600 

1  "  "        1500 

2  "       collectors,  each 1200 

3  "  "  "     900 

6  clerks,  each 900 

1  clerk 300 

2  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem         4 

3  gaugers  and  4  inspectors  of  tobacco, 

each fees. 

FOURTH  DISTRICT  OF  VIRGINIA  (DANVILLE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $4500 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1600 

1       "       collector 1400 

1       "  "      1100 

1  clerk 1150 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1000 

1  clerk 950 

1  "    900 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 700 

1       "       collector 300 

7  gaugers  and  2  inspectors  of  tobacco, 

each...,  ..   fees. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


137 


FIFTH  DISTRICT  OP  VIRGINIA  (LYNCHBURG). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1700 

1      "  "       1480 

1  clerk 1500 

7  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

1  clerk 1100 

1      "    700 

1      "    400 

7  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

7  gaugers  and  2  inspectors  of  tobacco, 

each fees. 

SIXTH  DISTRICT  OP  VIRGINIA  (HARRISONBURG). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $3000 

1  deputy  collector 1600 

5  "       collectors,  each 1400 

2  "  "  "   1200 

24  storekeepers    and  gaugers,   each,   per 

diem 4 

6  gaugers,  each fees. 

DISTRICT  OP  WASHINGTON   TERRITORY  (OLYM- 
PIA). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2125 

1  deputy  collector 1300 

1       "  "      1100 

1  gauger.. fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OP  WEST  VIRGINIA  (WHEELING). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $3125 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

3  "       collectors,  each 1100 

1       "       collector 1000 

1       "  "      800 

1       "  "      700 

1       "  "      600 

1       "  "      500 

4  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each  fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OP  WEST  VIRGINIA  (GRAFTON). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2375 

1  deputy  collector 1100 

2  "       collectors,  each 600 

1       "       collector 500 

1  storekeeper,  per  diein 4 

6  gaugers,  each fees. 

FIRST  DISTRICT  OF  WISCONSIN  (MILWAUKEE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $4500 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

2  clerks,  each 1400 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 

1       "       collector 1200 

I  "  "       600 

"       500 

II  storekeepers,  each,  per  diem 4 

8  gaugers  and  1  inspector  of  tobacco,  each  fees. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  OP  WISCONSIN  (MADISON). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $2700 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 1400 


Per  Annum. 

1  deputy  collector $1100 

2  gaugers,  each fees. 

THIRD  DISTRICT  OF  WISCONSIN  (OSHKOSH). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2875 

5  deputy  collectors,  each 1100 

1  "       collector 700 

2  storekeepers  and  gaugers,  each,  per  diem        4 

3  gaugers,  each fees. 

SIXTH  DISTRICT  OF  WISCONSIN  (SPARTA). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2500 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 1000 

1       "       collector 900 

1       "  «       800 

DISTRICT  OF  WYOMING  (CHEYENNE). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $2125 

1  deputy  collector 1500 

1       "  "       1300 

1  gauger fees. 


CUSTOMS  SERVICE. 

DUTIES  OF  COLLECTORS. 

At  each  of  the  ports  to  which  the  three 
officers,  a  Collector,  a  Naval  Officer,  and 
a  Surveyor  are  appointed  (Boston,  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  New  Or- 
leans, and  San  Francisco),  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  Collector : 

First.  To  receive  all  reports,  manifests, 
and  documents  to  be  made  or  exhibited 
on  the  entry  of  any  ship  or  vessel,  ac- 
cording to  law  and  regulations. 

Second.  To  record,  in  books  to  be  kept 
for  that  purpose,  all  manifests. 

Third.  To  receive  the  entries  of  all 
ships  or  vessels,  and  of  the  goods,  wares, 
and  merchandise  imported  in  them. 

Fourth.  To  estimate,  together  with 
the  Naval  Officer,  the  amount  of  the 
dues  payable  thereupon,  endorsing  such 
amount  upon  the  respective  entries. 

Fifth.  To  receive  all  moneys  paid  for 
duties,  and  take  all  bonds  for  securing 
the  payment  thereof. 

Sixth.  To  grant  all  permits  for  the 
unlading  and  delivery  of  goods. 

Seventh.  To  employ,  with  the  approval 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  proper 
persons  as  weighers,  gaugers,  measurers, 
and  inspectors  at  the  several  ports  within 
his  district. 

Eighth.  To  provide,  with  the  like  ap- 
proval, at  the  public  expense,  store-houses 
for  the  safe-keeping  of  goods,  and  such 
scales,  weights,  and  measures  as  may  be 
necessary. 


138 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


At  ports  to  which  a  Collector  and  Sur- 
veyor only  are  appointed,  the  Collector 
shall  solely  execute  all  the  duties  in 
which  the  co-operation  of  the  Naval 
Officer  is  requisite  at  the  ports  where  a 
Naval  Officer  is  appointed.  And  he  shall 
act  in  like  matter  in  case  of  the  disability 
or  death  of  the  Naval  Officer,  until  a 
successor  is  appointed,  unless  there  is  a 
deputy  duly  authorized,  under  the  hand 
and  seal  of  the  Naval  Officer,  who  in 
that  case  shall  continue  to  act  until  an 
appointment  is  made. 

At  ports  to  which  a  Collector  only  is 
appointed,  the  Collector  shall  solely  exe- 
cute all  the  duties  in  which  the  co-opera- 
tion of  the  Naval  Officer  is  requisite  at 
ports  where  a  Naval  Officer  is  appointed  ; 
and  he  shall  also,  as  far  as  may  be,  per- 
form all  the  duties  prescribed  for  Survey- 
ors at  ports  where  Surveyors  are  author- 
ized. 

DUTIES  OF  NAVAL  OFFICERS. 

At  ports  to  which  there  are  appointed 
a  Collector,  a  Naval  Officer,  and  a  Sur- 
veyor, it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Naval 
Officer : 

First.  To  receive  copies  of  all  mani- 
fests and  entries. 

Second.  To  estimate,  together  with  the 
Collector,  the  duties  on  all  merchandise 
subject  to  duty,  and  no  duties  shall  be 
received  without  such  estimates. 

Third.  To  keep  a  separate  record  of 
such  estimates. 

Fourth.  To  countersign  all  permits, 
clearances,  certificates,  debentures,  and 
other  documents  to  be  granted  by  the 
Collector. 

Fifth.  To  examine  the  Collector's  ab- 
stracts of  duties  and  other  accounts  of 
receipts,  bonds,  and  expenditures,  and 
certify  the  same  if  found  correct. 

DUTIES  OF  SURVEYORS. 

At  ports  to  which  there  are  appointed 
a  Collector,  Naval  Officer,  and  Surveyor, 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Surveyor,  who 
shall  be  in  all  cases  subject  to  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Collector: 

First.  To  superintend  and  direct  all 
inspectors,  weighers,  measurers,  and 
gangers  within  his  port. 

Second.  To  report,  once  in  every  week, 
the  name  or  names  of  all  inspectors, 
weighers,  gangers,  or  measurers  who  are 
absent  from  or  neglect  to  do  their  duty. 

Third.  To  visit  or  inspect  the  vessels 
which  arrive  in  his  port,  and  make  a 


1  return  in  writing  every  morning  to  the 
Collector  of  all  vessels  which  have  ar- 
rived from  foreign  ports  during  the  pre- 
ceding day,  specifying  the  names  and 
denominations  of  the  vessels,  the  masters' 
names,  from  whence  arrived,  whether 
laden  or  in  ballast,  to  what  nation  be- 
longing, and,  if  American  vessels, 
whether  the  masters  thereof  have  or  have 
not  complied  with  the  law,  in  having  the 
required  number  of  manifests  of  the 
cargo  on  board,  agreeing  in  substance 
with  the  provisions  of  the  law. 

Fourth.  To  put  on  board  each  of  such 
vessels  one  or  more  inspectors  immedi- 
ately after  their  arrival  in  his  port. 

Fifth.  To  ascertain  the  proof,  quanti 
ties,  and  kinds  of  distilled  spirits  im- 
ported, rating  such  spirits  according  to 
their  respective  degrees  of  proof,  as  de- 
fined by  the  laws  imposing  duties  on 
spirits. 

Sixth.  To  examine  whether  the  goods 
imported  in  any  vessel,  and  the  deliver- 
ies thereof,  agreeably  to  the  inspectors' 
returns,  correspond  with  the  permits  for 
the  landing  of  the  same ;  and  if  any  error 
or  disagreement  appears,  to  report  the 
same  to  the  Collector,  and  to  the  Naval 
Officer,  if  any. 

Seventh.  To  superintend  the  lading 
for  exportation  of  all  goods  entered  for 
the  benefit  of  any  drawback,  bounty, 
or  allowance,  and  examine  and  report 
whether  the  kind,  quantity,  and  quality 
of  the  goods  so  laden  on  board  any  vessel 
for  exportation  correspond  with  the  en- 
tries and  permits  granted  therefor. 

Eighth.  To  examine,  and  from  time  to 
time,  and  particularly  on  first  Mondays 
of  January  and  July  in  each  year,  try 
the  weights,  measures,  and  other  instru- 
ments used  in  ascertaining  the  duties  on 
imports,  with  standards  to  be  provided  by 
each  Collector  at  the  public  expense  for 
that  purpose  ;  and  where  disagreements 
or  errors  are  discovered,  to  report  the 
same  to  the  Collector ;  and  to  obey  and 
execute  such  directions  as  he  may  receive 
for  correcting  the  same,  agreeably  to  the 
standards. 

At  ports  to  which  Collectors  and  Sur- 
veyors only  are  appointed,  the  Surveyor 
shall  perform  all  the  duties  enjoined  upon 
Surveyors  by  the  preceding  clauses,  and 
shall  also  receive  and  record  the  copies 
of  all  manifests  transmitted  to  him  by 
the  Collector;  shall  record  all  permits 
granted  by  the  Collector,  distinguishing 
the  gauge,  weight,  measure,  and  quality 
of  goods  specified  therein  ;  and  shall  take 
care  that  no  goods  be  unladen  or  de- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


139 


livered  from  any  ship  or  vessel  without  a 
proper  permit  for  that  purpose. 

Surveyors  at  certain  ports  to  which  no 
Collector  or  Naval  Officer  is  appointed, 
perform  all  the  duties  which  would  be 
required  of  a  Collector. 

Every  Collector,  Naval  Officer,  and 
Surveyor  is  authorized,  with  the  approval 
of  the"  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  case 
of  his  sickness  or  unavoidable  absence, 
to  exercise  and  perform  his  functions, 
powers,  and  duties  by  deputy  duly  con- 
stituted under  his  hand  and  seal. 

DUTIES  OF  APPRAISERS. 

By  all  reasonable  ways  and  means  in 
their  power  to  ascertain,  estimate,  and 
appraise  the  true  and  actual  market 
value  and  wholesale  price,  any  invoice 
or  affidavit  to  the  contrary  notwithstand- 
ing, of  merchandise  imported  into  the 
United  States  at  the  time  of  exportation, 
in  the  principal  markets  of  the  country, 
whence  the  same  has  been  imported  into 
the  United  States,  and  the  number  of 
such  yards,  parcels,  or  quantities,  and 
such  actual  market  value,  or  the  whole- 
sale price  of  every  of  them,  as  the  case 
may  require. 

Included  in  this  is  the  duty  to  decide 
whether  the  merchandise  corresponds 
with  the  invoice  in  character. 

It  is  the  duty  of  Appraisers  to  ascer- 
tain these  facts,  and  report  upon  them  to 
the  Collectors. 

The  following  will  illustrate  the  prac- 
tice in  the  Appraiser's  department  at  the 
port  of  New  York,  and  so  far  as  appli- 
cable the  same  is  true  as  to  the  other  large 
ports.  At  the  smaller  ports  there  is  less 
business,  and  of  course  less  machinery  ; 
the  Collector  or  his  representative  per- 
forming the  necessary  duties  of  appraise- 
ment. 

Invoices  of  merchandise  are  received  in 
the  Appraiser's  department  from  the 
custom-house  (Collector's  department) 
twice  each  day.  They  are  receipted  for 
by  the  invoice  clerk,  who  selects  and 
charges  them  to  the  different  divisions, 
according  to  the  merchandise  which  is 
covered  by  them ;  the  several  classes  of 
merchandise,  goods,  etc.,  being  distrib- 
uted to  the  divisions  for  examination  and 
appraisal,  as  follows: 

First  Division. — Informal  appraise- 
ments; personal  effects;  sample  office 
packages.  Seizures.  All  goods  on  which 
allowance  is  claimed  for  damage  on  the 
voyage  of  importation  ;  packed  packages  ; 
passenger's  baggage  ;  household  effects. 


Second  Division. — Antiquities;  bronzes; 
clocks  ;  fancy  goods  of  every  description  ; 
small  and  fancy  manufactures  of  alabas- 
ter, glass,  marble,  porcelain,  and  spar ; 
fancy  boxes ;  gold-beater's  skin  ;  gold 
and  silver  ware ;  jewelry  of  all  kinds  ; 
lithographic  stones ;  mosaics ;  musical 
instruments ;  opticals ;  optical,  philo- 
sophical, and  photographic  apparatus  ; 
precious  stones  ;  regalias  ;  toys  ;  watches  ; 
watch  materials ;  watchmakers'  tools ; 
type  ;  engravings  ;  artists'  materials  ; 
books  ;  paintings  ;  paper  ;  printed  mat- 
ter ;  ink ;  photographs  ;  sealing-wax  ; 
stationery  ;  works  of  art. 

Third  Division. — Buttons  of  silk  and 
worsted  ;  embroideries,  except  of  gold  and 
silver ;  hatters'  plush ;  laces  and  lace 
goods  of  every  description ;  ladies'  silk 
wearing  apparel ;  silk,  raw,  tram,  and 
organzine,  and  all  manufactures  of  silk ; 
trimmings  ;  ribbons. 

Fourth  Division. — Bagging  ;  cotton  ; 
gutta-percha  and  India-rubber  cloth  and 
webbing  ;  manufactures  of  cotton,  flax, 
grass,  hemp,  jute,  or  of  which  either  of 
these  articles  shall  be  a  component  of 
chief  value,  except  carpets,  carpetings, 
mats,  matting,  and  oil-cloth ;  rope  and 
cordage ;  thread  of  linen  or  cotton ; 
twine  ;  willow-ware  ;  ladies'  linen  or  cot- 
ton wearing  apparel. 

Fifth  Division. — Bunting  ;  corsets  ; 
feathers,  crude  and  ornamental ;  flowers, 
artificial  or  natural,  dyed  and  dried ; 
gloves  ;  hair  braids  ;  hats  ;  hosiery  ;  knit 
goods  ;  millinery  goods  ;  parasols  ;  straw 
braids ;  umbrellas ;  worsted  goods  of 
every  description,  except  French  worsted 
dress  goods. 

Sixth  Division. — Coir ;  esparto  and 
sisal  grass  ;  fibre  ;  flax  ;  flocks  ;  hair  of  all 
kinds  ;  hemp  ;  istle  ;  jute  ;  shoddy  ;  wool, 
and  all  materials  which  enter  into  or  form 
a  component  part  of  textile  fabrics,  ex- 
cept cotton  and  silk  ;  bristles  ;  canes  ;  un- 
manufactured carpets  ;  carpeting  ;  furs, 
and  all  manufactures  of  fur ;  mats  ;  mat- 
ting ;  oil-cloth  j  palm  leaf;  rattan  ;  whale- 
bone ;  whalebone  for  stretchers  ;  woollen 
cloth,  and  all  manufactures  of  wool ; 
French  worsted  dress  goods ;  upholstery 
goods  ;  baskets  ;  willow-ware. 

Seventh  Division. — Anatomical  prepara- 
tions; apothecaries'  glass-ware;  asphal- 
tum  ;  bituminous  substances  ;  brimstone  ; 
cardamom-seeds  ;  chalk  ;  chemicals ;  clay  5 
corks ;  cork-tree  bark  ;  dextrine  ;  drugs*  , 
dye-stuffs  ;  earths  ;  extracts  ;  gelatine  ; 
gums  ;  gypsum  ;  isinglass  ;  leeches  ; 
lemon-peel;  limes;  medicines  ;  mustard- 
seeds  ;  paints ;  perfumery  ;  plaster  of 


140 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Paris ;  printing  ink ;  pumice-stone ;  quick- 
silver ;  resinous  substances ;  saltpetre  ; 
soap  ft  r  toilet ;  specimens  of  botany  and 
natural  history ;  sponge ;  spunk  ;  squills ; 
surgical  instruments,  except  of  steel; 
varnishes  ;  wax, — bees'  and  vegetable  ; 
water  colors,  moist;  vinegar;  mineral 
water  ;  vanilla  beans. 

,  Eighth  Division. — Animals,  living  ; 
block  chalk ;  boots  and  shoes  of  leather  ; 
brick  5  building  material ;  burr-stones  ; 
carriages  ;  casks  ;  chalk  ;  confectionery  ; 
crockery  ;  drain-pipe ;  earthen-ware  ;  felt 
for  roofing  and  sheathing ;  glass ;  glass- 
ware ;  glucose ;  grindstones ;  guano ; 
gutta-percha,  unmanufactured  ;  hides  ; 
hide  cuttings  ;  hoofs  ;  horns  ;  honey  ;  ice  ; 
india-rubber,  unmanufactured ;  ivory  ; 
ivory  nuts  ;  junk  ;  laths  ;  leather ;  lum- 
ber ;  melado  ;  molasses  ;  mother-of-pearl ; 
oakum ;  paper  stock ;  Parian  and  por- 
celain ware  ;  polishing  stones  ;  rags ; 
shells  ;  skins,  not  furs  ;  slate  ;  spars  ; 
spiling  ;  stone  for  building  ;  stone  monu- 
ments ;  tiles ;  veneering ;  wood,  cabinet 
and  dye ;  furniture. 

Ninth  Division. — Bronze  powders  ; 
coach  hardware  ;  cutlery ;  Dutch  metal ; 
emery  5  gold  and  silver  leaf;  hardware ; 
harness  ;  iron,  and  manufactures  of  iron  ; 
machinery  ;  metals  ;  mica  ;  minerals  ; 
needles  ;  ores ;  pen  tips  and  holders ; 
pins  ;  saddlery  ;  steel,  and  manufactures 
of  steel ;  steel  pens  ;  jewsharps  ;  buses  ; 
asbestos  ;  gold  and  silver  galloons. 

Tenth  Division. — Ale ;  beverages  ;  black- 
ing ;  cocoa  ;  coffee  ;  cordials  ;  fireworks  ; 
food  ;  fruits  ;  grains  ;  grease  ;  groceries, 
except  molasses  and  sugar;  gunpowder; 
hops  ;  malt ;  nuts,  not  drugs  ;  oil,  except 
essential  and  medicinal ;  plants;  porter; 
seeds;  soap,  not  toilet;  soap  stock  ;  sopa- 
line  ;  spirituous  liquors  ;  statuary  ;  tea; 
wafers;  wines;  lemon  and  lime  juice; 
cigars  ;  cigarettes  ;  snuff ;  tobacco. 

The  invoices  are  then  sent  to  the  divis- 
ions and  receipted  for.  They  are  then 
charged  respectively  to  the  examiners, 
who  are  experts  in  the  specialties  covered 
by  the  invoices. 

When  a  package  ordered  by  the  Col- 
lector to  be  delivered  to  the  Appraiser  for 
examination  is  received  from  the  vessel 
it  is  opened  in  the  presence  of  the  ex 
aminer,  and  compared  with  the  invoice 
as  to  quality,  quantity,  value,  and  nature 
of  material. 

The  invoice  is  then  classified,  and  are 
turn  made  on  the  back  thereof  as  to  its  cor 
rectness.  This  return  passes  the  inspec 
tion  of  and  is  signed  by  the  examiner,  the 
Assistant  Appraiser,  and  the  Appraiser 


f  correct,  the  Deputy  Collector  at  the 
mblic  or  Appraiser's  store,  who  is  the 
epresentative  and  acts  for  the  Collector, 
ssues  an  order  for  the  delivery  of  the 
merchandise.  If  incorrect,  the  invoice  is 
eturned  to  the  custom-house,  whence  a 
notification  is  served  upon  the  importer 
;o  pay  the  additional  duty,  or  a  refund  of 
.he  excess  of  duty  collected  on  estimation 
hereof  is  made  to  him. 

It  has  been  undertaken  here  to  give 
mly  the  general  duties  of  the  principal 
>fficers  of  customs,  their  duties  in  detail 
being  multifarious,  and  pointed  out  spe- 
cifically by  the  law  and  the  regulations 
>f  the  Treasury  Department. 

ENTRY  OF  MERCHANDISE. 

Merchandise  intended  to  be  imported 
nto  the  United  States  should  be  con- 
signed to  some  person  at  the  port  of 
importation,  by  whom  it  must  be  en- 
ured. Entry  must  be  made  within  fif- 
:een  days  after  the  arrival  of  the  mer- 
chandise. 

The  entry,  which  must  be  made  in 
duplicate,  must  specify  the  name  of  the 
vessel  in  which,  and  the  port  or  place 
from  which  such  merchandise  is  imported, 
the  particular  marks,  numbers,  denomi- 
nation, and  prime  cost,  including  charges 
of  each  particular  package  or  parcel 
whereof  the  entry  consists,  or,  if  in  bulk, 
the  quantity,  quality,  and  prime  cost,  in- 
cluding charges  thereof,  particularly 
specifying  the  species  of  money  in  which 
the  invoice  thereof  is  made  out,  and  must 
be  signed  and  sworn  to  by  the  person 
making  it. 

The  person  making  an  entry  must  also 
produce  to  the  Collector,  and  to  the  Naval 
Officer,  if  there  is  one,  the  original  in- 
voices of  the  goods,  or  the  documents 
received  in  lieu  of  or  concerning  them, 
with  the  bills  of  lading. 

The  Collector  of  Customs,  by  himself 
or  through  a  clerk  or  other  officer,  jointly 
with  the  Naval  Officer,  or  his  represen- 
tative, where  there  is  a  Naval  Officer,  or 
alone  where  there  is  none,  makes  a  gross 
estimate  of  the  amount  of  duties  on  the 
merchandise  to  which  the  entry  relates, 
which  estimate  he  notes  on  the  face  of 
the  entry,  and  upon  the  payment  of  the 
sum  thus  estimated  he  issues  a  permit 
for  the  landing  and  delivery  of  the  goods, 
which  permit  must  be  countersigned  by 
the  Naval  Officer. 

The  Collector"  of  Customs,  in  order  to 
ascertain  the  exact  duties,  retains  at  least 
one  package  out  of  every  ten  of  an  im- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


141 


portation  for  examination  by  the  Ap- 
praiser, and  the  importer  must  give  a 
bond  for  the  return,  within  ten  days,  of 
the  goods  delivered  to  him  should  they 
be  required. 

If  it  is  ascertained  after  examination 
by  the  Appraiser  that  the  estimated  duties 
are  less  than  the  actual  duties,  the  im- 
porter is  required  to  pay  the  deficiency, 
but  if  the  estimated  duties  are  in  excess 
of  the  ascertained  duties,  the  excess  is 
returned  to  him. 

The  following  schedules  comprise  the 
number,  class,  and  compensation  (exclu- 
sive of  laborers  by  the  day  or  hour)  of  the 
persons  employed  in  the  several  collection 
districts  and  ports.  The  compensation 
of  Collectors  and  Surveyors  in  many 
cases  is  dependent  upon  fees  and  com- 
missions, and  varies  according  to  the 
amount  of  business  transacted,  which,  of 
course,  fluctuates  to  some  extent.  The 
compensation  stated,  in  cases  where  the 
salary  is  not  fixed,  is  the  amount  made 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1878  5  and  it  may  be  stated  that  the  com- 
pensation for  that  year  affords  the  nearest 
approach  to  their  exact  compensation 
that  can  be  ascertained  until  their  ac- 
counts are  settled.  As  a  rule  it  may 
be  safely  taken  as  a  true  index  of  the 
value  of  the  offices. 

CUSTOMS  COLLECTION  DISTRICTS  AND 
PORTS. 

BANGOR,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  commis- 
sions  $1813.91 

1  special  deputy  collector 1600.00 

1  deputy  collector 800.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  inspectors,  each $3.00 

1  night  watchman 2.00 

BATH,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  commis- 
sions  $2240.96 

1  deputy  collector 600.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  deputy  collector $3.50 

1  inspector 3.00 

"       weigher,  etc 3.00 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  each 3.00 

BELFAST,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  commis- 
sions  $1289.53 

1  deputy  collector 800.00 

1        "  "       300.00 

1        "  "       100.00 


.                                                                     Per  Annum. 
1  deputy  collector  and  weigher $100.00 

1  storekeeper 100.00 

2  storekeepers,  each 50.00 

1  janitor 400.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  inspectors,  each $3.00 


ELLSWORTH,  MAINE  (FRENCHMAN'S  BAY). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $150;     fees,    etc., 

$1133.54) $1283.54 

1  special  deputy  collector 1200.00 

1  deputy  collector 12.00 

1  storekeeper 360.00 

3  storekeepers,  each 24.00 

1  storekeeper 48.00 

1  janitor 360.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  when 

employed,  each $3.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 3.00 

KENNEBUNK,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  commis- 
sions  $302.20 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  deputy  collector,  when  employed.$3.00 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  each 3.00 

MACHIAS,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $250;     fees,    etc., 

$1215.39) $1465.39 

1  deputy  collector 820.00 

1  janitor 350.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  deputy  collector $3.00 

1  deputy  collector,  when  employed 3.00 


CASTINE,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $150;    fees,    etc., 

$1009.72) $1159.72 

1  janitor 360.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  deputy  collector $3.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 3.00 

3  "       collectors,  each 2.25 

PORTLAND,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $6000.00 

1  surveyor 4500.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 3000.00 

1  deputy  collector 3000.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

1  deputy  surveyor 2500.00 

2  measurers,  each 2000.00 

1  examiner 1800.00 

1  clerk  and  superintendent  of  ware- 

house...,   1500.00 

4  clerks,  each 1200.00 

2  "          "    1100.00 

3  "          "    1000.00 

1  watchman 730.00 


142 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 
....  $730.00 
.....  720.00 
....  650.00 
.....  700.00 


1  marker 

1  laborer 

1  messenger 

2  janitors,  each 

Per  Diem. 
14  inspectors,  each $3.00 

1  inspector  of  cigars 3.00 

3  storekeepers,  each 3.00 

2  boatmen,  each 1.50 

1  fireman....  ..  3.00 


EASTPORT,  MAINE  (P  ASSAM  AQUODDY). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $500;    fees,    etc., 

$2500) $3000.00 

1  deputy  collector 1800.00 

1       "  "        1400.00 

1  janitor 360.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  deputy  collectors,  each $3.00 

4  inspectors,  each 3.00 

1  night  watchman 2.50 

2  "     watchmen,  each 2.00 

3  deputy  collectors,  when  employed,  each  3.00 

5  inspectors,  when  employed,  each 3.00 

SACO,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,     $250;     fees,     etc., 

$85.59) $335.59 

1  deputy  collector 450.00 


YORK,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $250;     fees,     etc., 

$15.66) $265.66 

WALDOBOROUGH,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $250;     fees,    etc., 

$1595.86) $1845.86 

I  janitor 240.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  deputy  collector $4.00 

1  deputy  collector,  inspector,  etc 4.00 

4  inspectors,  when  employed,  each 3.00 

WISCASSET,  MAINE. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $200;     fees,     etc., 

$547.10) $747.10 

1  janitor 360.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector $3.00 

1       "  "      and  inspector 3.00 

1  inspector,  when  employed 3.00 

HOULTON,  MAINE  (AROOSTOOK). 

Per  Annum 
Collector    (salary,    $1000;    fees,    etc., 

$500) $1500.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  deputy  collector $4.00 

4  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  each...  3.00 
1       "       collector   and    inspector,   when 

employed 3.00 


PORTSMOUTH,  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector  (HO  salary),  fees  and  commis- 
sions  $898.13 

1  janitor 540.00 

1  fireman 350.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector $3.50 

1       "  "          "  "       3.00 

3  inspectors,  each 3.00 

BURLINGTON,  VERMONT. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $1000;   fees,    etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  deputy  collector,  inspector,  etc 2500.00 

2  "      collectors,     inspectors,     etc., 

each 1800.00 

2  "  "  "          «        «     1600.00 

3  "  "  "          "        "      1400.00 

5  "  "  "          u        "      1200.00 

1  "       collector  and  inspector 1000.00 

2  "       collectors,  each 1000.00 

1  clerk 1000.00 

1  deputy  collector 900.00 

1  night  watchman 730.00 

4  deputy  collectors,  each 600.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

Per  Diem. 

3  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  when 

employed,  each $3.00 

2  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  each...  3.00 
1  deputy  collector,  when  employed 3.00 

4  "       collectors  and  inspectors,  when 
employed,  each 3.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 3.00 

3  inspectors,  paid  by  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 

way Company  of  Canada,  each 4.00 

1  inspector,  paid  by  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 

way Company  of  Canada 3.00 

6  inspectors,  each 3.00 

10        "          when  employed,  each 3.00 

2  "  during  navigation,  each 3.00 

1  night  watchman,  during  navigation 2.00 

1  boatman,  during  navigation 2.00 

4  tally  clerks,  during  navigation,  each 1.00 

1      "     clerk 1.00 

BOSTON,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Collector's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $8000.00 

1  comptroller  and  principal  clerk 4000.00 

3  deputy  collectors,  each 3000.00 

1  auditor.... 3000.00 

1  cashier 3000.00 

1  assistant  cashier 2000.00 

1  storekeeper  of  port 2000.00 

1  secretary 2500.00 

5  clerks,  each 2000.00 

6  «         "    1800.00 

14     "         "    1600.00 

27     "         "    1400.00 

19     «         "    1200.00 

9       "         "    1000.00 

1  clerk 800.00 

1      "     and  storekeeper 1800.00 

1      "       "     messenger 1000.00 

8  messengers,  each 840.00 

8          "  "    .  .     720.00 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


143 


Per  Aniium. 

3  weighers,  each $2000.00 

1  ganger 2000.00 

1  warehouse  superintendent 2000.00 

5  storekeepers,  each 800.00 

2  lieutenants,  night  watch,  each 1200.00 

Inspectors. 

Per  Diem. 

4  inspectors  (special),  each $4.00 

1  captain,  night  watch 4.00 

1  inspector  at  Cohasset 3.50 

1         "         of  marble 3.50 

77  inspectors,  each 3.50 

40  night  inspectors,  each 2.50 

8        "     watchmen 2.00 

1  day  watchman 2.00 

3  assistant  weighers,  each 4.00 

15       "  "  "    3.50 

10       "  "  "    3.00 

1  clerk  and  storekeeper 3.50 

12  storekeepers.,  each 3.50 

4  boatmen,  each 2.52 

Naval  Office. 

Per  Annum. 

Naval  Officer $5000.00 

1  deputy  naval  officer 2500.00 

1  assistant  "          «    2000.00 

6  clerks,  each 1800.00 

5  "          "    1600.00 

1  clerk 1400.00 

1     "     1200.00 

1  messenger 840.00 

Surveyor's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 

Surveyor $5000.00 

1  deputy  surveyor 2500.00 

1  assistant      "       1800.00 

1  clerk 1600.00 

1     "     1200.00 

1     "     , 1000.00 

1  messenger  and  telegraph  operator....     840.00 
1  messenger 840.00 


Appraiser's  Office. 


General  Appraiser 

2  appraisers,  each 

2  assistant  appraisers,  each... 
1  clerk  to  general  appraiser  . 

1  special  examiner  of  drugs. 

2  examiners,  each 


Per  Annum. 
....$3000.00 
....  3000.00 

2500.00 

,....  1400.00 

....  1000.00 

..  2000.00 


"    1800.00 

2  "              "    1600.00 

1  examiner 1500.00 

1         "        1400.00 

3  clerks,  each 1600.00 

1  clerk 1400.00 

1     "     1200.00 

1     "     and  messenger 1400.00 

5  samplers,  each 1200.00 

3        "            "   , 800.00 

3  markers 800.00 

1  messenger 950.00 

Per  Diem. 

6  openers  and  packers,  each $2.75 

2  foremen  of  laborers,  each 3.00 

42  laborers,  each 2.00 


Miscellaneous. 

Per  Annum. 

1  janitor $1000.00 

1      "       600.00 

1  engineer 1100.00 

Per  Month. 

1  assistant  engineer $70.00 

1  cleaner ..  30.00 


BARNSTABLE,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  com- 
missions   $2530.14 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 1095.00 

1       "  "          "          "         400.00 

1  boatman 60.00 

12  storekeepers,  each 50.00 

1  janitor 350.00 

Per  Diem. 
5  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  when 

employed,  each $3.00 

1  clerk ..  3.00 


EDGARTOWN,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annmr. 
Collector  (salary,  $250;  fees,  etc., 

$430.20) $680.20 

1  deputy  collector,  inspector,  weigher, 

etc 1095.00 

1  deputy  collector 800.00 

1  night  watchman 600.00 

1  boatman 300.00 

Per  Diem. 
3  inspectors,  when  employed,  each $3.00 


FALL  RIVER,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $150 ;    fees,    etc., 

$1364.40) $1514.40 

1  boatman 300.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector,  inspector,  weigher,  etc..$3.50 
1  inspector,  weigher  and  measurer 3.00 


GLOUCESTER,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (salary,  $250;  fees  and  com- 
missions, $2750;  storage,  $998). ..$3998. 00 

1  deputy  collector 1500.00 

1  clerk 1300.00 

1  boatman 750.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

Per  Diem. 

3  inspectors,  each $3.00 

2  "  when  employed,  each 3.00 

4  "            and  storekeepers,  when  em- 
ployed, each 4.00 


MARBLEHEAD,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  com- 
missions   $325.31 

1  deputy  collector,  inspector,  weigher, 

etc 1066.00 


144 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


NANTUCKET,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $250 ;    fees,    etc., 

$29.33) $279.33 

1  special  deputy  collector 800.00 

1  deputy  collector 450.00 

NEW  BEDFORD,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector    (no   salary),   fees,   commis- 
sions, etc , $2262.72 

1  deputy  collector 1500.00 

1  clerk 900.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  inspector $3.00 

1        "        weigher,  gauger,  etc 3.00 

NEWBURYPOET,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector   (no   salary),   fees,   commis- 
sions, etc $2259.02 

1  janitor 540.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector $3.00 

1  inspector,  weigher,  and  gauger 3.00 

1  "  when  employed 3.00 

2  storekeepers,  when  employed,  each 3.00 

PLYMOUTH,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $150  j     fees,    etc., 

$1121.74) $1271.74 

1  deputy  collector 800.00 

2  "      collectors,  each 300.00 


SALEM,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector    (no   salary),  fees,   commis- 
sions, etc $914.10 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 1600.00 

1  janitor 540.00 

Per  Diem. 
3  inspectors,  each $3.00 

2  "  when  employed,  each 3.00 

BRISTOL  AND  WARREN,  RHODE  ISLAND. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  com- 
missions  $109.79 

1  boatman 216.00 

1  janitor 240.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector,  inspector,  etc $3.00 

1       "  "          and    inspector,   when 


employed. 


3.00 


NEWPORT,  RHODE  ISLAND. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector   (no   salary),  fees  and  com- 
missions   $668.09 

1  deputy  collector 1000.00 

1  boatman 400.00 

1  janitor 400.00 

Per  Diem. 
4  inspectors,  when  employed,  each $3.00 


PROVIDENCE,  RHODE  ISLAND. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  com- 
missions  $4002.11 

1  deputy  collector  and  cashier 2000.00 

1       "  "         inspectorate 2000.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

1  clerk  and  sampler 1200.00 

1  messenger  and  storekeeper 900.00 

1  storekeeper 730.00 

1  boatman 450.00 

1  janitor 720.00 

Per  Diem. 
5  inspectors,  weighers,  gangers,  etc.,  each. $3. 50 

2  "  each 3.00 

1  night  watchman 1.50 

1  fireman 1.50 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  each 3.00 


BRIDGEPORT,  CONNECTICUT   (FAIRFIELD). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary    $250;      fees,    etc., 

$1053.94) $1303.94 

1  deputy  collector,  inspector,  etc 1200.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  each §3.00 


MlDDLETOWN,  CONNECTICUT. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector   (no   salary),   fees,   commis- 
sions, etc $1046.80 

1  special  deputy  collector 1200.00 

1  deputy  col'lector 650.00 

1  clerk 600.00 

1  storekeeper 100.00 

1  janitor 500.00 


NEW  LONDON,  CONNECTICUT. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary ;  fees  and  commis- 
sions, $3000;  storage,  $35) $3035.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 1600.00 

1  boatman  and  messenger 480.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  inspectors,  each $3.00 

1  inspector,  when  employed 3.00 


NEW  HAVEN,  CONNECTICUT. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary;  fees  and  commis- 
sions, $3000  ;  storage,  $225) $3225.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 1600.00 

1  clerk 1200.00 

1     "     600.00 

1  messenger 500.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  clerk $3.00 

2  inspectors,     weighers,    and     gaugers, 

each 3.00 

4  inspectors,  each 3.00 

1  night  inspector 2.50 

1  fireman 2.50 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  each 3.00 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


145 


STONINGTON,  CONNECTICUT. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $150;     fees,    etc., 

$437.76) $587.76 

1  deputy  collector 400.00 

2  "       collectors,  each 300.00 

1  boatman 144.00 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 

Collector's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $12,000.00 


1  auditor 

1  cashier 

1  chief  clerk,  correspondence  bureau 

1  assistant  auditor 

1         "         collector,  Jersey  City 

8  deputy  collectors,  each 

1  secretary 

1  clerk 

1  "      

8  clerks,  each. 

2  « 
14    " 
35    " 
18    " 
45    " 


5,000.00 
5,000.00 
3,500.00 
3,500.00 
2,000.00 
3,000.00 
2,500.00 
3,000.00 
2,700.00 
2,500.00 
2,400.00 
2,200.00 
2,000.00 
1,800.00 
1,600.00 

1  clerk 1,460.00 

65  clerks,  each 1,400.00 

87      "          "    1,200.00 

1  clerk 1,095.00 

11  clerks,  each 1,000.00 

2  «          "     900.00 

1  carpenter 1,150.00 

3  ushers,  each 1,200.00 

37  messengers,  each 840.00 

7  '<  «     ..; 720.00 

8  "  «     500.00 

1  engineer 1,500.00 

1         «        1,000.00 

6  watchmen,  each 1,000.00 

4  firemen,  each 720.00 

12  porters,  each 720.00 

Weighers,  Gangers,  and  Measurers. 

Per  Annum. 

5  weighers,  each $2500.00 

3gaugers,        "    2000.00 

1  measurer  of  marble 2000.00 

4  inspectors,  Long  Island   coast,   ag- 
gregate       730.00 

4  assistant  storekeepers,  each 1200.00 

1      ."        storekeeper 1000.00 

Inspectors. 

Per  Diem. 

239  inspectors,  each $4.00 

16  "  "    when  employed 3.00 

1  inspector  at  Troy 3.00 

8  female  inspectors,  each 3.00 

100  night  inspectors,  each 2.50 

20        u  "  "    four  months 2.50 

1  carpenter 3.00 

22  watchmen,  each 3.00 

4  Sunday  watchmen,  each 2.50 

66  assistant  weighers,  per  working  day, 

each 4.00 

9  assistant  gaugers,  per  working  day,  each  4.00 

7  measurers  of  vessels,  each 4.00 

5  assistant  janitors,  per  working  day,  each  2.00 
62  storekeepers  (1  at  Castle  Garden),  each  4.00 


Appraiser's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 

Appraiser $4000.00 

1  general  appraiser 3000.00 

10  assistant  appraisers,  each 3000.00 

1  clerk  to  general  appraiser 2500.00 

1      "      "         "  "          2000.00 

23  examiners,  each 2500.00 

8  "  "    2200.00 

14  "  "    2000.00 

16  "  "    1800.00 

1  clerk 2200.00 

2  clerks,  each 1800.00 

11  "         "    1600.00 

1  clerk  and  stenographer 1800.00 

1  examiner  of  marble 1500.00 

1  clerk  to  general  appraiser 1600.00 

1      "      "         "  "        1200.00 

1      "      "         «  "        1000.00 

1  "    and  stenographer 1700.00 

2  clerks   to    Board    of    General    Ap- 

praisers, each 1200.00 

9  clerks  and  verifiers,  each 1400.00 

17  "         "  "  "    1200.00 

24  samplers,  each 1200.00 

11         "  "   1000.00 

2  messengers,   "  v..  1000.00 

11          "  «   900..00 

1  messenger 720.00 

Per  Diem. 

3  foremen  of  openers   and  packers,  per 

working  day,  each $3.75 

88  openers  and  packers,  per  working  day, 

each....  ..  3.00 


Naval  Office. 


Naval  Officer 

1  deputy  naval  officer , 

1  clerk  and  acting  auditor. 

1       "       "    cashier 

3  clerks,  each 

6 

19 
5 
15 


clerk  and  messenger. 


Per  Annum. 
....$8000.00 

2500.00 

....  2500.00 
.....  2000.00 
....  2500.00 
....  2200.00 
....  2000.00 
....  1800.00 
....  1600.00 
....  1400.00 
....  12UO.OO 
....  1000.00 
.  840.00 


3  messengers,  each 840.00 

1  messenger 500.00 

Surveyor's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 

Surveyor $8000.00 

1  clerk  and  auditor 5000.00 

1  deputy  surveyor 2500.00 

1  assistant      "       2500.00 

2  "         surveyors,  each 1800.00 

5  clerks,  each 1600.00 

9       «          «    1400.00 

1  clerk  1200.00 

2  messengers,  each 900.00 

5  "  "    720.00 


Miscellaneous. 


1  superintendent  of  building. 

1  telegraph  operator 

1  janitor 


Per  Annum. 

....$2000.00 
....     900.00 

,     900.00 


10 


146 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Collector's  Office. 

Per  Month. 

1  scrubber $45.00 

1         "       30.00 

BUFFALO,  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,  $1000;    fees,    etc., 

$1500;  storage,  $140) $2640.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

special  deputy  collector 2200.00 

entry  and  liquidating  clerk 1400.00 

warehouse  clerk 1400.00 

clearance       "    during  navigation...  1200.00 

marine  "    1200.00 

impost  and  statistical  clerk 1200.00 

cashier..... 1200.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  deputy   collectors,  paid    by  railroad 

companies,  each $4.00 

1  deputy  collector,  paid  by  railroad  com- 

panies   3.00 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 3.00 

1       "       collector,  during  navigation 3.00 

14  inspectors,  each 3.0$ 

1   inspector,  paid  by  railroad  companies 

when  employed 3.00 

3  inspectors,  paid  by  railroad  companies, 

each 3.00 

1  inspector,  during  navigation 3.00 

1  laborer 1.75 

Per  Month. 
1  fireman $50.00 

CAPE  VINCENT,  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,  $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 1500.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 1200.00 

2  "       collectors,  each 900.00 

7  "  "  "    450.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  inspector $3.00 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  eacrfi 3.00 

PLATTSBURGH,  NEW  YORK  (CHAMPLAIN). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  special  deputy  collector  and  inspector  1600.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 1400.00 

1  "  «      1200.00 

1  "  "      1000.00 

collectors  and  inspectors,  each     900.00 

"        each 800.00 

1  collector 600. OC 

1  janitor 480.00 

Per  Diem. 

3  special  inspectors,  each $4.00 

8  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  during 

navigation,  each 4.00 


DUNKIRK,  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$66.55) $1066.55 


Per  Diem. 

1  special  inspector $4.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 3.00 

ROCHESTER,  NEW  YORK  (GENESEE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 1600.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 1400.00 

2  "       collectors  and  clerks,  each....  1000.00 
1  clerk 900.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector $3.00 

4       "        collectors  and  inspectors,  during 

navigation,  each 3.00 

4  inspectors,  each 3.00 

6          "         during  navigation,  each 3.00 


ALBANY,  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor    (salary,    $600;    fees,    etc., 

$4341.10)  $4941.10 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  surveyor  and  inspector $4.00 

4  inspectors,  each 3.00 


PATCHOGUE,  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 

Surveyor   (no   salary),  fees   and  com- 
missions   $367.80 


PORT  JEFFERSON,  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 

Surveyor  (no  salary),  fees  and  commis- 
sions  $366.90 


SUSPENSION  BRIDGE  (NIAGARA),  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 
1  collector  (salary,  $1000;  ft'es,  etc., 

$1450;  storage,  $548) $2998.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 2500.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 1800.00 

1       "  "  "     1500.00 

1       "  "  "     1400.00 

1       "  "  cashier 1400.00 

1  fireman,  six  months  each  year 720.00 

Per  Month. 
1  messenger $50.00 

1  janitor,  six  months  each  year 50.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  storekeepers,  paid  by  owners  of  ware- 

houses, each $4.00 

2  inspectors,  paid  by  railway  company, 

each 4.00 

13  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  each..  3.00 

2  "  "  "  paid 

by  railway  companies,  each 3.00 

7  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  during 

navigation,  each 3.00 

3  inspectors,  each 3.00 

1  inspector,  during  navigation 3.00 

1  female  inspector,  when  employed 3.00 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


147 


OGDENSBTTRG,  NEW  YORK  (OSWEGATCHIE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1500;  storage,  $62) $2562.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 1600.00 

1  deputy  collector 1500.00 


collectors,  each. 


collector 

collectors,  each. 


1  female  inspector. 
1  janitor 


1200.00 

..  1095.00 

..  1000.00 

..  800.00 

..  600.00 

..  360.00 

..  500.00 

Per  Diem. 

$8.00 

3.00 


3  inspectors,  each 

3          "  when  employed, 


OSWEGO,  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1445.65;  storage,  $1956.52) $4402.17 

1  special  deputy  collector 1600.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 1500.00 

3     "         collectors  and  clerks,  each 1000.00 

1     "         collector 1000.00 

1  «  "        and  inspector 900.00 

2  "         collectors,  each 800.00 

1  janitor 450.00 

Per  Diem. 

3  deputy   collectors   and    clerks,    during 

navigation,  each $3.00 

7  inspectors,  during  navigation,  each 3.00 

1  inspector,  payable  by  owners  of  bonded 

warehouses 3.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector,  during 

navigation 3.00 

SAG  HARBOR,  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $400 ;     fees,     etc., 

$82.49) $482.49 

1  deputy  collector 300.00 

1       "  "       (at  Greenport) 180.00 

GREENPORT,  NEW  YORK. 

Per  Annum. 

Surveyor   (no   salary),   fees   and   com- 
missions  $454.00 

BRIDGETON,  NEW  JERSEY. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $250;    fees,    etc., 

$382.46) $632.46 

SOMERS'  POINT,  NEW  JERSEY  (GREAT   EGG 
HARBOR). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $250 ;     fees,     etc., 

$283.65) $533.65 

1  deputy  collector 600.00 

Per  Diem 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  each $3.00 

TCCKERTON,  NEW  JERSEY  (LITTLE  EGG 
HARBOR). 

Per  Annum. 

Collector    (salary,    $250 ;     fees,    etc., 
$142.86) 


Per  Annum. 

1  deputy  collector $600.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  each $3.00 

NEWARK,  NEW  JERSEY. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $250;     fees,    etc., 

$720.20) $970.20 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 1200.00 

1  janitor 700.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  inspector $3.00 

PERTH  AMBOY,  NEW  JERSEY. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary>    $250 ;    fees,    etc., 

$1930.09) $2180.09 

1  special  deputy  collector 1200.00 

1  deputy  collector 600.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  inspector $3.00 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  each 3.00 

TRENTON,  NEW  JERSEY  (BURLINGTON). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector  (salary,  $150;  fees,  $141.51). ..$291.51 

WILMINGTON,  DELAWARE. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $500 ;     fees,    etc., 

$1542.18;  storage,  $5) $2047.18 

1  special   deputy  collector,  inspector, 

etc 1600.00 

1  deputy  collector  (at  Seaford) 500.00 

5  boatmen,  each 300.00 

1  storekeeper,  paid  by  proprietors 5.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy    collector,   inspector,    weigher, 

etc.,  when  employed $3.00 

2  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  when 

employed,  each 3.00 

PHILADELPHIA,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Collector's    Office. 

Per  Annum 
Collector $8000.00 

1  assistant  collector  at  Camden,  N.  J...  1500.00 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 3000.00 

1  cashier 2500.00 

1  assistant  cashier 2000.00 

1  "        auditor 2000.00 

2  clerks,  each 2000.00 

2       «          "    1800.00 

14     "          "    1600.00 

9       "          "    1400.00 

5  "          "    1200.00 

4  messengers,  each..... 720.00 

1  carpenter 800.00 

6  watchmen,  each 720.00 

Weighers,  Gangers,  and  Measurers. 

Per  Annum- 
1  weigher $2000.00 


148 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 

8  assistant  weighers,  each $1100.00 

2  gaugers,  each 2000.00 


Warehouse  Department. 

Per  Annum. 
1  storekeeper  of  port $1800.00 

1  marker 720.00 

17  laborers,  each , 700.00 

2  boatmen 720.00 

Per  Diem. 

6  assistant  storekeepers,  each $3.50 

2  foremen....  ..  2.50 


Inspectors. 

Per  Diem. 

4  special  inspectors,  each $4.00 

44  inspectors,  each 3.50 

1  captain  of  night  inspectors 3.00 

1  inspector  at  Chester,  Pa 3.00 

1         "         at    Lazaretto,   not   to   exceed 

$600  per  annum 3.00 

29  night  inspectors,  each 2.50 

1        "     inspector  at  Chester,  Pa 2.50 


Appraiser's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 
General  Appraiser $3000.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

2  assistant  appraisers,  each 2500.00 

1  clerk  to  general  appraiser 1300.00 

1  special  examiner  of  drugs 1000.00 

5  examiners,  each 1700.00 

1  clerk 1500.00 

2  clerks,  each 1300.00 

11  samplers  and  packers,  each 900.00 

1  foreman  of  laborers 900.00 

5  laborers,  each 700.00 

1  messenger 700.00 

1  watchman...,  ,     700.00 


Surveyor's    Office. 

Per  Annum. 

Surveyor .$5000.00 

1  deputy  surveyor 2500.00 

1  clerk 1400.00 

1      "    1200.00 

1  messenger 720.00 


Naval  Office. 


Naval  Officer 

1  acting  deputy  naval  officer. 

2  clerks,  each 

2     "     '     "    

Iclerk 

1  messenger , 


Per  Annum. 
....$5000.00 
....  2000.00 
....  1800.00 
....  1400.00 
....  1200.00 
....  720.00 


Miscellaneous. 

Per  Annum, 

2  janitors,  each $840.00 

1  janitor 720.00 

1  fireman,  custom-house 720.00 

Per  Month 
1  cleaner,  custom-house $15.00 


Per  Annum. 
[  engineer,  Appraiser's  stores $1000.00 


1    engineer's     assistant,     Appraiser's 


stores. 


1  cleaner,  Appraiser's  stores. 


800.00 

Per  Month. 
....$5.00 


PITTSBUBG,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor    (salary,   $350;     fees,    etc., 

$3926.44) $4276.44 

1  special  deputy  surveyor 1600.00 

1  deputy  surveyor  and  clerk 1400.00 

1  clerk 1200. OQ 

1  messenger 600.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  inspector $4.00 

1         "        3.00 

1  engineer,  employed  six  months 2.00 

1  assistant  engineer,  employed  six  months  1.50 


ERIE,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1159.36) $2159.36 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 1600.00 

Per  Month. 

1  janitor $50.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  inspectors,  each $3.00 

ANNAPOLIS,  MARYLAND. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $250;     fees,    etc., 

$144.88) $394.88 

Per  Month. 

1  deputy  collector $25.00 

1  boatman 15.00 


1  inspector. 


Per  Diem 
$3.00 


CRISFIELD,  MARYLAND  (EASTERN  MARYLAND), 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (salary,  $1200;  fees  and  com- 
missions, $797.40) $1997.40 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector $3.00 

BALTIMORE,  MARYLAND. 

Collector's  Office. 

Per  Annum 
Collector $7000.00 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 3000.00 

1       "       collector  at  Havre  de  Grace..     800.00 

1  auditor 2500.00 

1  assistant  auditor 1800.00 

1  cashier 2500.00 

1  assistant  cashier 1800.00 

6  clerks,  each 1800.00 

7  «          "    1600.00 

8  "          "    1400.00 

5       "          "    1200.00 

1  clerk 1000.00 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


149 


Per  Annum. 

1  messenger  and  copyist $1000.00 

2  messengers  and  copyists  each 900.00 

4  messengers,  each 720.00 

2  laborers,  "    720.00 

1  captain  of  watchmen 1000.00 

4  watchmen,  each 840.00 

Weighers,  Gangers,  and  Measurers. 

Per  Annum. 

1  weigher $2000.00 

10  assistant  weighers,  each 1200.00 

1  weigher,  acting  as  gauger 1300.00 

2  clerks,  each 1200.00 

1  messenger 720.00 

Warehouse  Department. 

Per  Annum. 
1  storekeeper  public  stores $1800.00 

1  clerk 1600.00 

2  laborers,  each 720.00 

1  engineer 1200.00 

1  fireman 1095.00 

4  porters,  each 820.00 

Inspectors. 

Per  Annum. 

1  female  inspector $600.00 

2  debenture  markers,  each 840.00 

Per  Diem. 

43  inspectors,  each $3.50 

1  special  inspector 3.50 

1       "  "        on    duty   with    special 

agent 3.50 

1  captain  of  night  inspectors 3.50 

1  lieutenant  of "  "        3.00 

33  night  inspectors,  each 2.50 

4  storekeepers,  each 3.50 

Per  Month. 
1  fireman,  launch  "Search" $45.00 

1  boatman,     "  "        45.00 

2  boatmen,     "  "        each 40.00 

Naval  Office. 

Per  Annum. 
Naval  Officer $5000.00 

1  deputy  naval  officer 2500.00 

2  clerks,  each 1800.00 

2       "  "    1600.00 

2  "  "    1400.00 

3  "  "    1200.00 

1  messenger 720.00 

Surveyor's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 

Surveyor $4500.00 

1  deputy  surveyor 2500.00 

1  clerk 1800.00 

1     "     1200.00 

1  messenger 720.00 

Appraiser's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 
General  Appraiser $3000.00 

2  appraisers,  each 3000.00 

3  examiners,     "    1800.00 

3  "  "    1600.00 

2  clerks,  each 1600.00 


Per  Annum. 
1  foreman  ......................................  $1000.00 

6  laborers,  each  ..............................     840.00 

5         "  "    ..............................     720.00 

1  messenger  ...................................     720.00 

Miscellaneous. 

Per  Annum. 
1  engineer  .....................................  $1200.00 

1  assistant  engineer  .........................     900.00 

1  fireman  .......................................     900.00 

1  janitor  .......................................  1000.00 

1       «       .......................................     720.00 

x  Per  Diem. 

5  laborers,  each  ...................................  $2.00 

GEORGETOWN,  DISTRICT  OP  COLUMBIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $500  ;    fees,    etc., 

$816.11;  storage,  $42.57)  ............  $1358.68 

Per  Diem. 
1  deputy  collector  and  inspector  ............  $4.00 

1  inspector  .........................................  3.00 

Per  Month. 
1  janitor  ......  .  ...................................  $35.00 

ALEXANDRIA,  VIRGINIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  commis- 

sions .......................................  $491.12 

1  special  deputy  collector  ..................  1200.00 

1  janitor  .......................................     500.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  inspector  .........................................  $3.00 

EASTVILLE,  VIRGINIA  (CHERRYSTONE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,     $500;     fees,     etc., 

$418.69)  ....................................  $918.69 

1  deputy  collector  and  boatman  ...........  365.00 

2  "       collectors  and  boatmen,  each..  100.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  deputy  collector  and  inspector  ............  $3.00 

RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  commis- 

sions .......................................  $1562.80 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk  ..............  1600.00 

1  janitor  .......................................     600.00 

Per  Month. 
1  boatman  .........................................  §20.00 

1  fireman  ..........................................  65.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  clerk  and  inspector  ............................  $3.00 

2  inspectors,  each  ................................  3.00 

1  watchman  .......................................  2.00 

1  fireman,  employed  six  months  .............  2.00 


NORFOLK,  VIRGINIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  com- 

missions ..................................  $3000.00 

1  deputy  collector  ...........................  1600.00 

1  clerk  ..........................................   1300.00 

1     "      and  cashier  ...........  ..  1300.00 


150 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 
1  watchman $900.00 

3  boatmen,  each 300.00 

1  janitor '. 720.00 

Per  Month. 

1  boatman $40.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  special  inspectors,  each $4.00 

1  inspector 4.00 

4  inspectors,  each 3.00 


PETERSBURG,  VIRGINIA. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  com- 
missions   $421.09 

1  special  deputy  collector 1000.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector $3.00 

1  messenger  and  night  watchman 2.00 


TAPPAHANNOCK,  VIRGINIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $250;     fees,     etc., 

$171.86) $421.86 

1  special  deputy  collector 600.00 

YORKTOWN,  VIRGINIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $200;     fees,    etc., 

$396.01) $596.01 

1  deputy  collector 360.00 

1      "  "        at  West  Point...,      ..  600.00 


WHEELING,  WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor    (salary,    $350;    fees,    etc., 

$1930.09) $2280.09 

1  deputy  surveyor 300.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

Per  Month. 
1  fireman,  employed  six  months $60.00 


BEAUFORT,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$145.43) ....$1145.43 

1  boatman +. 240.00 


NEW  BERNE,  NORTH   CAROLINA   (PAMLICO). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000;    fees,    etc., 

$545.83) $1545.83 

1  deputy  collector 730.00 

1  "  "       700.00 

2  "       collectors,  each 360.00 

1       "       collector 320.00 

1  messenger 240.00 

EDENTON,   NORTH   CAROLINA  (ALBEMARLE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,  $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$238.32) $1238.32 


1  deputy  collector. 


Per  Diem. 


WILMINGTON,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000;     fees,    etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  special  deputy  collector.  2000.00 

1  clerk 1400.00 

4  boatmen,  each 240.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

Per  Diem. 
4  inspectors,  each 3.00 


BEAUFORT,  SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,    $1000;    fees,    etc., 

$1877.87) $2877.87 

1  special  deputy  collector 25.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  deputy  collector  and  inspector $3.00 


CHARLESTON,  SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector    (no  salary),  fees  and   com- 
missions   $3825.42 

1  special  deputy  collector  and  clerk...  2200.00 

3  clerks,  each 1500.00 

2  night  watchmen,  each 730.00 

1  messenger 730.00 

1  watchman 600.00 

4  boatmen,  each 360.00 

1  appraiser 1500.00 

1  janitor 720.00 

1       "      450.00 

Per  Diem. 

5  inspectors,  each $3.00 


GEORGETOWN,  SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

Per  Annum, 
fees,    etc., 

$190.21)....;. $440.21 

2  boatmen,  each 300.00 


Collector    (salary,    $250; 


BRUNSWICK,  GEORGIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $500;    fees,    etc., 

$2104.47) $2604.47 

6  boatmen,  each 300.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  each. ...$3.00 
1  inspector 3.00 

SAVANNAH,  GEORGIA. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (no  salary),  fees  and  commis- 
sions  $4005.36 

1  special  deputy  collector 2200.00 

3  clerks,  each 1500.00 

1  messenger 730.00 

1  janitor 700.00 

1  assistant  janitor 300.00 

1  fireman....  .     300.00 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


151 


Per  Month. 

3  boatmen,  each $40.00 

1  boatman 30.00 

1  scrubber 2.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  inspector $4.00 

3  inspectors,  each 3.00 

3  night  inspectors,  each 2.00 


ST.  MARY'S,  GEORGIA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $500 ;     fees,    etc., 

$674.16) $1174.16 

1  clerk 300.00 

1  boatman 300.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  deputy  collector,  when  employed $3.00 

KEY  WEST,  FLORIDA. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector    (salary,    $500;     fees,    etc., 

$2500;  storage,  $1370) $4370.00 

1  deputy  collector 2000.00 

1  chief  clerk 1600.00 

3  clerks,  each 1200.00 

1  clerk 1000.00 

1  watchman 730.00 

1  deputy  collector 730.00 

1      "             "         600.00 

1  messenger 730.00 

4  boatmen,  each 400.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

Per  Month. 
4  boatmen,  each $25.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  chief  inspector $3.50 

3  inspectors,  each 3.00 

2  inspectors,  when  employed 3.00 

2  storekeepers,  each 3.00 

3  night  inspectors,  each 2.00 


CEDAR  KEYS,  FLORIDA  (ST.  MARK'S). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $500;     fees,    etc., 

$764.17) $1264.17 

1  deputy  collector 750.00 

Per  Month. 

2  boatmen,  each $25.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  deputy  collector  and  inspector.. .$4.00 

2  inspectors,  each 3.00 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA  (Si.  JOHN'S). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $500;    fees,    etc., 

$600.77) $1100.77 

1  deputy  collector 730.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  deputy  collector  and  inspector $3.00 

FERNANDINA,  FLORIDA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,     $500;    fees,     etc., 

$843.88) $1343.88 


Per  Month. 
$20.00 


2  boatmen,  each 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  deputy  collector $3.00 

2  inspectors,  when  employed,  each 3.00 


APALACHICOLA,  FLORIDA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,     $500;     fees,     etc., 

$133.90) $633.90 


PENSACOLA,  FLORIDA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,   $1000;    fees,    etc., 

$2000) $3000.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 1600.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 1200.00 

1  clerk 1000.00 

1  messenger 600.00 

1  deputy  collector 360.00 

1  janitor •    500.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector , $3.00 

6  inspectors,  each 3.00 

2  night  watchmen,  each 2.00 

1  boatman 75 

Per  Month. 
4  boatmen,  each $25.00 


ST.  AUGUSTINE,  FLORIDA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $500 ;     fees,     etc., 

$36.65) $536.65 

1  deputy  collector 300.00 

2  "        collectors,  each 240.00 

2  revenue  boatmen,  each 240.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 24.00 


MOBILE,  ALABAMA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $250;     fees,    etc., 

$2644.09;  storage,  $1181.65) $4075.74 

1  deputy  collector  and  cashier 1600.00 

1       "  "  "     clerk 1500.00 

1  clerk 1200.00 

1  messenger 730.00 

5  boatmen,  each 480.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

Per  Diem. 

4  special  inspectors,  each $4.00 

4  inspectors,  each 3.00 

1  storekeeper,  payable  by  owners  of  ware- 

houses    3.00 

2  night  watchmen,  each 2.00 


SHIELDSBOROUGH,  MISSISSIPPI  (PEARL  RIVER). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $250;     fees,    etc., 

$1472.20) 81722.20 

2  boatmen,  each 300.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  deputy  collector $3.00 

1  deputy  collector .' 3.00 

1       "  "        and  inspector 3.00 


152 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


NATCHEZ,  MISSISSIPPI. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector  (salary,  $500 ;  fees,  etc.,  $5.94).$505.94 

VlCKSBURG,  MISSISSIPPI. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector     (salary,    $500;     fees,     etc., 

$111.23) $611.23 

NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISIANA. 

Collector's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector $7000.00 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 3000.00 

1       "       collector 480.00 

1  auditor 2500.00 

1  cashier 2500.00 

1  chief  clerk ..  2200.00 

1     "      entry  clerk 2000.00 

8  clerks,  each 1600.00 

6  "          "     1400.00 

8     "          "     1200.00 

1  clerk 1000.00 

4  messengers,  each 600.00 

1  captain  of  watchmen 800.00 

5  watchmen,  each 600.00 

Weighers,  Gangers,  and  Measurers. 

Per  Annum. 
1  weigher $2000.00 

7  assistant  weighers,  each 1200.00 

1  gauger 1500.00 

1  clerk 1000.00 

5  laborers,  each 600.00 

1  marker 600.00 

Warehouse  Department. 

Per  Annum. 
1  warehouse  superintendent  and  cigar 

inspector $2500.00 

1  storekeeper  and  clerk 2000.00 

5  storekeepers,  each 1460.00 

1  clerk 1200.00 

1  messenger 600.00 

4  laborers,  each 600.00 

16  revenue  boatmen,  each 600.00 

Inspectors. 

Per  Diem. 

31  inspectors,  each $3.00 

1  captain  of  night  inspectors 3.00 

20  night  inspectors,  each 2.50 


Appraiser's  Office. 


Appraiser 

1  assistant  appraiser , 

1  special  examiner  of  drugs.. 

4  examiners,  each , 

1  clerk 

1  "     

2  openers  and  packers,  each. 

1  chief  of  laborers 

4  laborers,  each 

1  messenger 


Per  Annum. 
....$3000.00 
....  2500.00 

1000.00 

....  1800.00 
....  1600.00 
....  1400.00 

720.00 

720.00 

....     600.00 
.     600.00 


Naval  Office. 


Naval  Officer , 

1  deputy  naval  officer. 


Per  Annum 

,...$5000.00 
..   2500.00 


Per  Annum. 
1  clerk $1800.00 

1  "     1600.00 

2  clerks,  each 1400.00 

1  messenger 600.00 


Surveyor's  Office. 


Surveyor 

1  special  deputy  surveyor. 

1  clerk 

1     "     

1  "     

2  messengers,  each 


Per  Annum. 
....$3500.00 
....  2500.00 
....  1600.00 
....  1400.00 
....  1200.00 
....  600.00 


Miscellaneous. 


1  chief  engineer 

1  assistant  engineer. 

2  firemen,  each 


Per  Annum. 

$1200.00 

....     900.00 
.     750.00 


Per  Month. 

2  firemen,  each $50.00 

7  janitors,  each 25.00 

Per  Annum. 

1  janitor $1000.00 

BRASHEAR,  LOUISIANA  (TECHE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$690.30) $1690.30 

2  boatmen,  each 480.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  special  deputy  collector  and  inspector. ..$3. 00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 3.00 

2  inspectors,  each 3.00 

BROWNSVILLE,  TEXAS  (BRAZOS  DE  SANTIAGO). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $1 500 ;    fees,  etc., 

$1000;  storage,  $2000) $4500.00 

1  special  deputy  collector  and  cashier..  2000.00 

1  deputy  collector,  chief  clerk,  etc 1800.00 

1       «  "         and  inspector 1800.00 

"  "         and  entry  clerk 1600.00 

bond  clerk 1600.00 

clerk 1600.00 

storekeeper,  weigher,  gauger,  etc 1400.00 

messenger 750.00 

night  watchman 750.00 

Per  Diem. 
12  mounted  inspectors  (50  cents  per  diem 

for  forage  for  horse),  each $3.50 

3  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  each...  3.50 

4  inspectors,  each 3.50 

1  inspector,  when  employed 3.00 

1  female  inspector 3.00 

INDIANOLA,  TEXAS  (SALURIA). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,    $1500;    fees,    etc., 

$983.40) $2483.40 

1  special  deputy  collector  and  clerk 1350.00 

1  deputy  collector 1350.00 

1  revenue  boatman 360.00 

Per  Month. 
, $30.00 


1  porter  and  messenger... 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


153 


Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector  and  mounted  inspector.$3.50 
1  mounted  inspector  .............................  3.50 

1  «  "  .............................  3.00 

2  inspectors,  each  .................................  3.00 

GALVESTON,  TEXAS. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,    $1500;     fees,    etc., 

$1000  j  storage,  $1603.13)  ...........  $4103.13 


1  special  deputy  collector 

1  chief  clerk  and  deputy  collector  ....... 

1  clerk  and  deputy  collector  .............. 

2  clerks,  each.....  ............................ 

1  janitor  ....................................... 


2000.00 
1700.00 
1600.00 
1600.00 
600.00 
1  porter  .........................................     500.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  special  inspector  ................................  $4.00 

1  storekeeper  .......................................  3.00 

1  inspector,  weigher,  gauger,  etc  ............  3.50 

4  inspectors,  each  .................................  3.50 

1  mounted  inspector  and  deputy  collector.  3.50 
1  inspector  ..........................................  3.50 

1  mounted  inspector  ..............................  3.50 

1  inspector,  when  employed  ...................  3.00 

6  night  inspectors,  each  ........................  2.50 

1  assistant  weigher,  gauger,  etc  ............  ..  2.00 

1  messenger  ........................................  2.00 

2  boatmen,  each  ...................................  2.00 

1  night  watchman  ................................  1.75 


EL  PASO,  TEXAS  (PASO  DEL  NORTE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector  (salary)  ............................  $2000.00 

uty  collector  ..................  1500.00 

llector  .............................  1200.00 


1  special  dep 
1  deputy  coll 


2       "       collectors,  each 
1  night  watchman 
1  deputy  collector 


1000.00 
600.00 
500.00 


Per  Diem. 
3  mounted  inspectors,  each  ....................  $3.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector  .............  3.00 

1       "  «        ................................  3.00 

CORPUS  CHRISTI,  TEXAS. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $1500;    fees,   etc., 

$1000  ;  storage,  $226.15)  .............  $2726.15 

1  special  deputy  collector  ..................  1800.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector  .........  1800.00 

1       "  «  clerk  ...............  1400.00 

Per  Month. 
1  porter  ............................................  $35.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  inspector  and  clerk  ............................  $3.50 

1  storekeeper  ...................  3.50 

2  inspectors,  each  .................................  3.50 

2  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  each...  3.50 
2  mounted  inspectors  (50  cents  per  diem 

for  forage  for  horse),  each  ...............  3.50 

MEMPHIS,  TENNESSEE. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor    (salary,    $350;     fees,    etc., 

$940.66;  storage,  $1200)  ............  $2490.66 

1  deputy  surveyor  ...........................  1000.00 

1  storekeeper  ..................................  1200.00 

1  messenger  ....................................     600.00 

1  porter  .........................................       90.00 


NASHVILLE,  TENNESSEE. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor    (salary,    $350 ;     fees,    etc., 

$276.02) $626.02 

LOUISVILLE,  KENTUCKY. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor    (salary,    $350;     fees,    etc., 

$2694.35;  storage,  $155.50) $3199.85 

1  special  deputy  surveyor 1600.00 

1  clerk 1200.00 

1      "    1000.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

1        "      450.00 

Per  Month. 

1  engineer  and  fireman $50.00 

1  assistant  engineer 50.00 

1  passenger  elevator  conductor 30.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  inspectors,  each $3.00 

1  messenger 1.50 


ST.  Louis,  MISSOURI. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor    (salary,    $350 ;     fees,    etc., 

$3485;  storage,  $1165) $5000.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

1  special  deputy  surveyor 2800.00 

2  deputy  surveyors,  each 2000.00 

1       "       surveyor 1800.00 

1       "  "        1500.00 

1  "  "        1400.00 

2  clerks,  each 1400.00 

1  examiner 1400.00 

2  clerks,  each 1200.00 

1  clerk 1000.00 

1  messenger 720.00 

1  "         480.00 

2  janitors,  each 600.00 

Per  Month. 
1  laborer $60.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  drug  examiner,  when  employed $5.00 

1  inspector 4.00 

1         «        3.75 

4  inspectors,  each 3.50 

1  watchman 2.50 

1  storekeeper 2.50 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO  (CUYAHOGA). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $1000 ;    fees,    etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 1600.00 

1  deputy  collector 1200.00 

1  clerk 1000.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 900.00 

1  opener  and  packer 600.00 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 480.00 

2       «  "  «   300.00 

1       "       collector 25.00 

1  janitor 720.00 

Per  Diem. 

4  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  each. ..$3.00 
1      "       collector ..  2.00 


154 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Diem. 

1  night  and  Sunday  watchman $2.50 

1  fireman 1.75 

TOLEDO,   OHIO   (MIAMI). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,  $1000 ;     fees,   etc., 

$1500;  storage,  $18) $2518.00 

1  deputy  collector 1 1000.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 1400.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector,  during  navigation $3.00 

1  inspector 3.00 

SANDUSKY,  OHIO. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  deputy  collector 1000.00 

2  "       collectors,  each 400.00 

2      "  "  "   200.00 

2       "  "  "   120.00 

1       "       collector 150.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor    (salary,   $350 ;     fees,   etc., 

$4650) $5000.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

1  special  deputy  surveyor 2000.00 

1  examiner 1500.00 

1  assistant  book-keeper 1200.00 

1  invoice  clerk 1000.00 

2  clerks,  each  900.00 

1  porter 720.00 

1  messenger 480.00 

1  janitor 400.00 

1  night  watchman 60.00 

2  firemen,  per  month,  each 25.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  examiner  of  drugs $5.00 

1  weigher,  gauger,  and  measurer 3.00 

4  inspectors,  each 3.00 

1  public  storekeeper 3.00 

PORTSMOUTH,  OHIO. 
Surveyor Fees. 

EVANSVILLE,  INDIANA. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor     (salary,    $350;     fees,    etc., 

$342.41) $692.41 

1  deputy  surveyor 500.00 

1  janitor 900.00 

1  storekeeper,  paid  by  owners  of  bonded 

warehouse 850.00 

CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000;     fees,    etc., 

$1500;   storage,  $2000) $4500.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

1  deputy  collector 2800.00 

1  auditor 2200.00 

2  deputy  collectors  and  clerks,  each...  2000.00 
1  cashier 2000.00 


Per  Annum. 
1  clerk $2000.00 

1  assistant  auditor 1600.00 

2  clerks,  each 1600.00 

1  deputy  collector,  etc 1500.00 

1  examiner 1800.00 

1         "         1600.00 

1  deputy  collector 1400.00 

3  clerks,  each 1400.00 

1  clerk 1300.00 

2  clerks,  each 1200.00 

3  watchmen,  each 600.00 

2  janitors,  each 600.00 

1  messenger 730.00 

1  surveyor  (at  Michigan  City,  Ind.) 350,00 

Per  Month. 

1  clerk,  during  navigation $100.00 

1  deputy  collector 20.00 

Per  Diem. 
19  inspectors,  each $3.00 

3  storekeepers,  each 3.00 

5  inspectors,  during  navigation,  each 3.00 

1  inspector 400 

1  watchman 2.50 

2  messengers,  each 2.50 

1   storekeeper 2.00 

1  messenger 2.00 

GALENA,  ILLINOIS. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor     (salary,    $350 ;     fees,     etc., 

$103.10) $453.10 

1  deputy  surveyor 500.00 

1  janitor 360.00 

CAIRO,  ILLINOIS. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor    (salary,     $800 ;     fees,     etc., 

$105.98) $905.98 

1  special  deputy  surveyor 600.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  fireman $2.00 

BURLINGTON,  IOWA. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor     (salary,    $350;     fees,     etc., 

$38.24) $388.24 


DUBUQUE,  IOWA. 

Per  Annum. 
Surveyor     (salary,    $350 ;     fees,     etc., 

$121.46) $471.46 

1  janitor 400.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  engineer  and  fireman $1.50 

GRAND  HAVEN,  MICHIGAN  (MICHIGAN). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 1200.00 

1  deputy  collector 375.00 

1  «  «       275.00 

Per  Month. 

2  deputy  collectors,  during   navigation, 

each....  $50.00 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


155 


Per  Month. 
3  deputy  collectors,  during  navigation, 

each $30.00 

2  deputy  collectors,  during   navigation, 

each 25.00 

3  deputy  collectors,  during   navigation, 

each 20.00 

1  deputy  collector,  during  navigation 15.00 

1  "  "  «  "        10.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  when 

employed,  each $3.00 

PORT  HURON,  MICHIGAN  (HURON). 

Per  Aunum. 
Collector    (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  special  deputy  collector 1700.00 

1  deputy  collector,  etc 1400.00 

1  "          and  clerk 1200.00 

2  collectors  and  clerks,  each...  1000.00 

1  collector  and  clerk 800.00 

1  "          1000.00 

1        '  "          1200.00 

1       "  "          400.00 

3  "        collectors,  each 420.00 

1  messenger 600.00 

1  watchman 730.00 

1  engineer 720.00 

Per  Month. 

5  deputy  collectors,  employed  during  sea- 
son of  navigation,  each $25.00 

2  deputy  collectors,  employed  during  sea- 

son of  navigation,  each 15.00 

Per  Diem. 
2  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  each...$3.50 

5  "            "           etc.,  when    employed, 
each 3.00 

6  deputy  collectors,  etc.,  paid  by  Grand 

Trunk  Railway  Company,  each 3.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  night  inspector, 
employed  during  season  of  navi- 
gation    2.50 

1  deputy  collector,  employed  during  sea- 

son of  navigation 2.50 

2  inspectors,  paid  by  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 

way Company,  each 3.00 

8  inspectors,  when  employed,  each 3.00 

1  inspector,  paid  by  Great  Western  Rail- 
way Company 3.00 

1  female  inspector,  when  employed 3.00 

1  laborer ..  1.50 


DETROIT,  MICHIGAN. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1500;  storage,  $2000) $4500.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 2000.00 

1        "  "         and  chief  clerk 1800.00 

1  cashier 1500.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 1460.00 

2  special  inspectors,  each  1460.00 

I  deputy  collector  and  inspector 1277.50 

3  "       collectors  and  clerks,  each....  1200.00 

1        "       collector  and  clerk 1100.00 

3       "       collectors    and     inspectors, 

each 1095.00 


eputy  collector 1200.00 


Per  Annum. 

1  storekeeper $1095.00 

1  deputy  collector,  clerk,  and  inspector.  1000.00 

7       "      collectors  and  clerks,  each 900.00 

4       "             "        each 900.00 

4       "              "         and  clerks,  each....  730.00 

2  «      collectors,  each 730.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  clerk 550.00 

1  messenger 500.00 

2  deputy  collectors  and  clerks,  each...  365.00 
4       "              "             "        "         "     ...  240.00 

I  deputy  collector 240.00 

3  "       collectors,  each 120.00 

Per  Diem. 

II  inspectors,  when  employed,  each $3.00 

Per  Month. 
1  deputy  collector,  during  navigation,  paid 

by  steamer. $5.00 

MARQUETTE,  MICHIGAN  (SUPERIOR). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,    $1000;   fees,    etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

ir.  1400.00 
200.00 
800.00 
300.00 
100.00 
12.00 

Per  Diem. 
3  inspectors,  each $3.00 

MILWAUKEE,  WISCONSIN. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector  (salary,    $1000  ;    fees,   etc., 

$1500;  storage,  $38.85) $2538.85 

1  special  deputy  collector 1800.00 

1  deputy  collector 1500.00 

1        "  "        300.00 

1       "  "        150.00 

1  janitor 600.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  deputy  collectors  and  inspectors,  each... $3.00 

Per  Month. 

1  deputy  collector,  during  navigation $40.00 

1       "  "  "  "  35.00 

1       "  "  "  «  25.00 

1  assistant  fireman 40.00 

1  engineer 50.00 


LA  CROSSE,  WISCONSIN. 

Per  Annum. 
1  surveyor  (salary) $1200.00 

DULUTH,  MINNESOTA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000;    fees,    etc., 

$1500;  storage,  $936.75) $3436.75 

1   special  deputy   collector    and    in- 
spector   1400.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  deputy  collector $3.00 

1  inspector 3.00 

1       "          during  navigation 3.00 

1  clerk  and  inspector,  during  navigation..  3.00 


156 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


PEMBINA,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY  (MINNESOTA). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,   $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$1500) $2500.00 

1  deputy  collector  (at  St.  Paul) 2000.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  special  deputy  collector $4.00 

1  inspector  and  examiner 4.00 

1  clerk  and  inspector 4.00 

2  mounted  inspectors,  each 3.50 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 3.00 

3  inspectors,  each 3.00 

1  storekeeper 2.50 

OMAHA,  NEBRASKA. 

Per  Annum. 

Surveyor $350.00 

1  janitor 500.00 

1  fireman 1000.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  inspector $3.00 

MONTANA  AND  IDAHO  (FORT  BENTON). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,    $1000;    fees,   etc., 

$214.08)  $1214.08 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA. 

Collector's    Office. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector $7000.00 

1  deputy  collector 3625.00 

2  "       collectors,  each 1500.00 

1  auditor 4500.00 

assistant  auditor 2000.00 

cashier 3000.00 

assistant  cashier 1800.00 

adjuster  of  duties 3000.00 

secretary 2500.00 

accountant 1800.00 

2  clerks,  each 2000.00 

11  "          "    1800.00 

4       "          "    1600.00 

2       "         "    1200.00 

2  messengers,  each 900.00 

1  messenger 600.00 

3  watchmen,  each 900.00 

Weighers,  Gangers,  and  Measurers. 

Per  Annum. 

3  weighers,  each $2000.00 

12  assistant  weighers,  each 1200.00 

1  gauger 2000.00 

1  assistant  gauger 900.00 

Warehouse   Department. 

Per  Annum. 

1  deputy  collector,  warehouse  superin- 
tendent  $3625.00 

1  warehouse  superintendent 1800.00 

1  clerk 2000.00 

4  clerks,  each 1800.00 

3       "          "    1600.00 

1  messenger 900.00 

1  foreman  of  laborers 1200.00 

10  laborers,  each 900.00 

1  engineer 1200.00 

3  watchmen,  each 900.00 


Inspectors. 

Per  Diem. 
35  inspectors,  each $4.00 

1  captain  of  night  inspectors 4.0U 

2  lieutenants     "  "         3.50 

1  female  inspector 3.00 

45  night  inspectors,  each 2.50 

30  laborers,  each 3.20 

10  assistant  storekeepers,  each 4.00 

1  clerk 4.50 

Appraiser's  Office. 

Per  Annum. 

2  appraisers,  each $3625.00 

2  assistant  appraisers,  each 2500.00 

1  special  examiner  of  drugs 2000.00 

3  examiners,  each 2000.00 

1  examiner 1600.00 

1  clerk 1800.00 

1     "     1200.00 

4  samplers,  each 1200.00 

9  laborers,  each 900.00 

1  messenger 900.00 

2  boatmen,  each 900.00 

Miscellaneous. 

Per  Annum. 

2  janitors,  each $900.00 

1  janitor 720.00 

1       "      480.00 

Per  Month, 
1  janitor. $70.00 

Surveyor's   Office. 

Per  Annnm. 

Surveyor $5000.00 

1  deputy  surveyor 3625.00 

1  clerk 3000.00 

1      "    1800.00 

1  messenger 900.00 

Naval  Office. 

Per  Annum. 

Naval  Officer $5000.00 

1  deputy  naval  officer 3125.00 

6  clerks,  each 1800.00 

1  clerk 1600.00 

1      "    1400.00 

1  messenger 1000.00 


SAN  DIEGO,  CALIFORNIA. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (salary) $3000.00 

1  special    deputy    collector    and    in- 
spector    1100.00 

1  deputy  collector  and  inspector 1000.00 

1  inspector 1000.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  mounted  inspector $3.00 


ASTORIA,  OREGON. 

Per  Annum. 

Collector  (salary) $3000.00 

1  deputy  collector 1800.00 

1  "  "       1200.00 

2  boatmen,  each 480.00 

1  fireman  and  cleaner 720.00 

Per  Diem. 
1  inspector $3.00 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


157 


PORTLAND,  OREGON  (WILLAMETTE). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,  $1000;     fees,    etc., 

$2000;  storage,  $1200) , $4200.00 

1  appraiser 3000.00 

1  deputy  collector 2400.00 

1        "  «       2200.00 

1  clerk 1500.00 

1  opener  and  packer 1250.00 

1  storekeeper 1200.00 

1  janitor 900.00 

Per  Month. 

1  janitor $45.00 

1  engineer  and  fireman  (for  eight  months)  100.00 

1  night  watchman 100.00 

Per  Diem. 
4  inspectors,  each $4.00 

2  night  inspectors,  each 2.50 

EMPIRE  CITY,  OREGON  (SOUTHERN). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000;     fees,   etc., 

$48.20) $1048.20 

1  deputy  collector 1000.00 

PORT  TOWNSEND,  WASHINGTON  TERRITORY 
(PUGET  SOUND). 

Per  Annum. 
Collector   (salary,   $1000 ;     fees,   etc., 

$2000) $3000.00 

2  deputy  collectors,  each 2150.00 

6  inspectors,  each 1200.00 

2  boatmen,  each 600.00 

2  boatmen  (and  50  cents  per  diem  for 

rations)  each 600.00 

1  watchman 730.00 

Per  Diem. 

3  inspectors,  each $4.00 

1  inspector 3.00 

SITKA,  ALASKA. 

Per  Annum. 
Collector    (salary,    $2500 ;    fees,    etc., 

$875.55) $3375.55 

1  deputy  collector 1500.00 

3       "       collectors,  each 1200.00 

1       "       collector  and  inspector 1200.00 


COAST  AND  GEODETIC  SURVEY 
SERVICE. 

The  first  authority  for  the  survey  of  the 
coasts  of  the  United  States  was  contained 
in  the  act  of  Congress  of  February  10, 

1807. 

PURPOSE  OF  THE  COAST  SURVEY. 

The  purpose  of  the  Coast  Survey  Ser- 
vice is  to  survey  the  coasts  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  make  maps  and  charts 
which  will  show  every  part  of  the  coasts, 
the  islands,  shoals,  and  the  roads  and 
places  of  anchorage,  within  twenty 
leagues  of  the  shores,  and  the  respective 
distances  between  the  principal  capes  or 
headlands. 


It  is  provided  that  there  may  be  em- 
ployed in  this  service  such  public  vessels 
and  crews  in  actual  service,  and  as  many 
officers  and  men  of  the  army  and  navy 
of  the  United  States  as  may  be  necessary, 
the  navy  officers  to  be  employed  on  the 
hydrographic  parts,  and  the  army  officers 
on  the  topographical  parts  of  the  work. 

The  maps  and  charts  of  the  survey  of 
the  coasts  may  be  disposed  of  by  the 
Treasury  Department  at  such  prices  and 
under  such  regulations  as  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  may  fix. 

It  is  provided  by  law  that  the  charts 
prepared  by  the  Coast  Survey  Service 
shall  show  the  configuration  of  the  coasts, 
and  by  lines  the  probable  limits  of  the 
Gulf  Stream  ;  the  probable  limit  to  which 
the  soundings  off  the  coasts  will  extend; 
the  triangulation.  the  topography,  and 
the  soundings  of  the  coasts.  • 

On  the  30th  of  March,  1843,  a  board, 
appointed  by  direction  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  convened  for  the 
purpose  of  preparing  a  plan  of  reorgan- 
izing the  mode  of  executing  the  coast 
survey,  and  that  proposed  by  said  board 
was  approved  by  the  President  on  April 
29,  1843.  That  plan  laid  down  a  system 
of  rules  for  ascertaining  the  geographical 
positions  of  points ;  for  obtaining  the 
soundings,  the  hydrography  and  topog- 
raphy of  the  coasts  ;  also  for  the  ar- 
rangement of  parties  for  duty  in  the 
field,  and  prescribing  the  manner  of  em- 
ployment and  the  compensation  to  be 
allowed  to  the  persons  to  be  employed  in 
the  service. 

The  President,  in  approving  the  plan, 
directed  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 
should  assign  suitable  officers  of  the  navy 
to  be  chiefs  of  the  hydrographical  parties, 
at  the  request  of  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment ;  and  that  the  charge  of  the  survey 
should  be  continued  in  that  Department, 
placing  the  service  under  its  control ;  and 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  be  the 
medium  of  communication  with  the  per- 
sons employed  in  the  survey,  to  whom 
all  reports  should  be  made,  and  from 
whom  all  directions  on  the  subject  should 
be  received.  The  service  was  placed 
under  the  Treasury  Department  because 
the  object  and  purpose  of  the  survey  refer 
principally  to  the  commercial  interests 
of  the  country,  with  which  this  Depart- 
ment is  generally  charged. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF 
THE  COAST  SURVEY. 

The  Superintendent  has  charge  of  the 
work  in  general,  and  is  responsible  for 


158 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


its  correctness  and  fidelity.  It  is  his  duty 
to  inspect,  personally,  the  operations  of 
all  parties  and  persons  employed  on  the 
survey;  to  furnish  the  necessary  formula 
and  methods  to  the  assistants  having  cal- 
culations to  make,  and  to  give  instruc- 
tions relating  to  the  scientific  parts  of  the 
work ;  to  assign  the  duties  of  the  parties 
and  persons  employed ;  to  make  all 
necessary  contracts,  and  to  dispose  of 
property  which  is  useless  or  worn  out ;  to 
supervise  the  publication  of  the  results  of 
the  work :  and  he  has  the  general  super- 
intendence of  the  office  at  Washington. 

He  must  also,  as  soon  as  possible, 
make  known  any  of  the  results  of  the 
survey  which  may  be  useful  to  the  pub- 
lic, such  as  reefs,  rocks,  or  other  dangers 
on  the  coast,  new  channels  leading  into 
harbors,  etc. ;  and  report  the  progress 
and  state  -of  the  work  to  the  Treasury 
Department  in  the  month  of  November 
of  each  year,  in  order  that  it  may  be 
laid  before  the  President  and  Congress. 

The  appropriations  made  for  all  pur- 
poses connected  with  the  Geodetic  and 
Coast  Survey  amount  to  about  $550,000 
annually. 

FORCE  AND  PAY  OP  THE  COAST  AND  GEODETIC 
SURVEY  SERVICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Superintendent $6000 

1  consulting  geometer 4000 

1  assistant  in  charge 4200 

1  "        3730 

2  assistants,  each 3620 

1  assistant 3200 

1         "       3160 

1  "       3150 

2  assistants,  each 2870 

1  assistant 2760 

2  assistants,  each 2750 

1  assistant 2640 

2  assistants,  each 2180 

2         "  "    2120 

1  assistant 2100 

2  assistants,  each 2070 

5  "  "     2010 

2         "  "    1950 

2  "  "     1900 

1  assistant 1840 

1  "       1800 

3  assistants,  each 1750 

6  «  «    1600 

3         "  "    1500 

2  "  "    1400 

assistant 1200 

acting  assistant 1500 

sub-assistant 1300 

"  1250 

"  1200 

sub-assistants,  each 1100 

disbursing  agent 2500 

accountant 2000 

librarian 1800 

1  computer 1740 


Per  Annum. 
1  computer $1620.00 

1500.00 

3  computers,  each 1200.00 

1  tide  computer 2000.00 

1  draughtsman 2350.00 

2050.00 

2000.00 

2  draughtsmen,  each 1800.00 

1  draughtsman 1200.00 

1  engraver 2000.00 

1         "       1800.00 

1  electrotypist 2000.00 

1  helper 1000.00 

1  clerk  in  charge  of  miscellaneous  di- 
vision   1500.00 

1  clerk  in  chart-room 1600.00 

1  "      "  archives 1500.00 

2  clerks,  each 1200.00 

Per  Diem. 

1  writer  to  superintendent $2.89 

1  messenger  to  superintendent 2.30 

1  computer 5.75 

2  messengers,  each 2.00 

1  draughtsman 5.75 

2  draughtsmen,  each 4.00 

1  draughtsman 3.83$ 

1  "  3.50 

1  3.20 

1  "  3.00 

3  engravers,  each 5.50 

2  «  «    5.00 

1  engraver 4.50 

1         "        3.75 

1  writer 3.25 

1      "      2.00 

1  messenger 2.25 

2  machinists,  each 5.00 

1  machinist 4.00 

1  '    "         3.50 

2  machinists,  each 3.00 

1  carpenter 5.00 

1  copper-plate  printer 5.00 

1  "  "      3.00 

1  "  " 2.50 

1  map  mounter 3.75 

1  messenger 2.40 


1.75 
1.00 


L  watchman 2.20 

3  watchmen,  each 2.15 

1  fireman 2.00 

laborer 1.50 

L  verifier 5.00 

[  adjuster 5.00 

1  laborer 2.15 

Per  Month. 

4  aids,  each $75.00 

aid 60.00 

[  acting  aids,  each 35.00 

I  computer 75.00 

"         60.00 

" 45.00 

tide  computer '. 75.00. 

"  «        60.00 

writer 75.00 

"     70.00 

"     60.00 

tide  observer 80.00 

«          «        76.00 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


159 


Per  Month. 

1  tide  observer $35.00 

1    «          "        25.00 

1  map  mounter 65.00 

1  driver 60.00 

1  copyist 60.00 

50.00 

45.00 

35.00 

30.00 

...  25.00 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1  draughtsman contract. 

UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  BOARD  OF 
HEALTH. 

The  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1879, 
established  a  National  Board  of  Health, 
to  consist  of  seven  members,  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate,  not  more  than  one  of 
whom  can  be  appointed  from  any  one 
State,  with  a  compensation,  during  the 
time  when  actually  engaged  in  the  per- 
formance of  their  duties,  of  $10  per  diem 
each,  and  reasonable  expenses,  and  of  one 
medical  officer  of  the  army,  one  medical 
officer  of  the  navy,  one  medical  officer  of 
the  United  States  Marine  Hospital  Ser- 
vice, and  one  officer  from  the  Department 
of  Justice,  to  be  detailed  by  the  Secre- 
taries of  the  several  Departments,  and  the 
Attorney-General,  respectively  ;  and  the 
officers  so  detailed  receive  no  additional 
compensation. 

MEETINGS. 

Said  Board  must  meet  in  Washington 
or  elsewhere,  from  time  to  time,  upon 
notice  from  the  President  of  the  Board, 
who  is  chosen  by  the  members  thereof, 
or  upon  its  own  adjournments,  and  must 
frame  all  rules  and  regulations  authorized 
or  required  by  the  authorizing  act,  and 
make  or  cause  to  be  made  such  special 
examinations  and  investigations  at  any 
place  or  places  within  the  United  States, 
or  at  foreign  ports,  as  they  may  deem 
best,  to  aid  in  the  execution  of  the  act 
referred  to,  and  the  promotion  of  its  ob- 
jects. 

The  National  Board  of  Health  must 
obtain  information  upon  all  matters 
affecting  the  public  health  ;  advise  the 
several  Departments  of  the  Government, 
the  Executives  of  the  several  States,  and 
•the  Commissioners  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  on  all  questions  submitted  by 
them,  or  whenever,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
Board,  such  advice  may  tend  to  the  pre- 
servation and  improvement  of  the  public 
health. 


The  Board  of  Health,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  the  Academy  of  Science  (which 
must  co-operate  with  them  for  that  pur- 
pose), must  report  to  Congress  a  full 
statement  of  its  transactions,  together 
with  a  plan  for  a  National  public  health 
organization,  which  plan  must  be  pre- 
pared after  consultation  with  the  princi- 
pal sanitary  organizations  and  the  sani- 
tarians of  the  several  States  of  the  United 
States,  special  attention  being  given  to 
the  subject  of  quarantine,  both  maritime 
and  inland,  and  especially  as  to  regula- 
tions which  shall  be  established  between 
State  or  local  systems  of  quarantine  and 
a  National  quarantine  system. 

The  sum  of  $50,000  was  appropriated 
to  pay  the  salaries  and  expenses  of  said 
Board  and  to  carry  out  the  purposes  of 
the  act. 

The  act  of  Congress  of  June  2,  1879, 
provides  that  the  National  Board  of 
Health  must  co-operate  with  and,  so  far 
as  it  lawfully  may,  aid  State  and  muni- 
cipal boards  of  health  in  the  execution 
and  enforcement  of  the  rules  and  regula- 
tions of  such  boards  to  prevent  the  intro- 
duction of  contagious  or  infectious  dis 
eases  into  the  United  States  from  foreign 
countries,  and  into  one  State  from  an- 
other ;  and  at  such  ports  and  places  within 
the  United  States  as  have  no  quarantine 
regulations  under  State  authority,  where 
such  regulations  are,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
Board,  necessary  to  prevent  the  introduc- 
tion of  contagious  or  infectious  diseases 
into  the  United  States  from  foreign 
countries,  or  into  one  State  from  another, 
and  at  such  ports  and  places  within  the 
United  States  where  quarantine  regula- 
tions exist  under  the  authority  of  the 
State,  which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  said 
Board,  are  not  sufficient  to  prevent  the 
introduction  of  such  diseases  into  the  Uni- 
ted States,  or  into  one  State  from  another  ; 
the  National  Board  of  Health  must  report 
the  facts  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  who  must,  if  in  his  judgment  it 
is  necessary  and  proper,  order  said  Board 
to  make  such  additional  rules  and  regu- 
lations as  are  necessary  to  prevent  the 
introduction  of  such  diseases  into  the  Uni- 
ted States  from  foreign  countries,  or  into 
one  State  from  another,  which  regula- 
tions, when  so  made  and  approved  by  the 
President,  must  be  promulgated  by  the 
National  Board  of  Health,  and  enforced 
by  the  sanitary  authorities  of  the  States, 
where  the  State  authorities  will  under- 
take to  execute  and  enforce  them  ;  but  if 
the  State  authorities  shall  fail  or  refuse 
to  enforce  said  rules  and  regulations,  the 


160 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


President  may  detail  an  officer  or  appoint 
a  proper  person  for  that  purpose. 

The  Board  of  Health  must  make  such 
rules  and  regulations  as  are  authorized 
by  the  laws  of  the  United  States  and 
necessary  to  be  observed  by  vessels  at 
the  port  of  departure  and  on  the  voyage, 
where  such  vessels  sail  from  any  foreign 

Eort  or  place  at  which  contagious  or  in- 
jctious  diseases  exist  to  any  port  or 
place  in  the  United  States,  to  secure  the 
best  sanitary  condition  of  such  vessel,  her 
cargo,  passengers,  and  crew ;  and  when 
said  rules  and  regulations  have  been  ap- 
proved by  the  President,  they  must  be 
published,  and  communicated  to  and  en- 
forced by  the  consular  officers  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  : 

Provided,  That  none  of  the  penalties 
imposed  by  law  shall  attach  to  any  ves- 
sel, or  any  owner  or  officer  thereof,  till 
the  act.  and  the  rules  and  regulations 
made  in  pursuance  thereof  shall  have 
been  officially  promulgated  for  at  least 
ten  days  in  the  port  from  which  said  ves- 
sel sailed. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  National  Board 
of  Health  to  obtain  information  of  the 
sanitary  condition  of  foreign  ports  and 
places  from  which  contagious  and  infec- 
tious diseases  are  or  may  be  imported 
into  the  United  States,  and  to  this  end 
the  consular  officers  of  the  United  States 
at  such  ports  and  places  as  shall  be  des- 
ignated by  the  Board,  are  required  to 
make  to  said  Board  weekly  reports  of  the 
sanitary  condition  of  the  ports  and  places 
at  which  they  are  respectively  stationed. 
The  Board  of  Health  must  also  obtain, 
through  all  sources  accessible,  including 
State  and  municipal  sanitary  authorities 
throughout  the  United  States,  weekly  re- 
ports of  the  sanitary  condition  of  ports 
and  places  within  the  United  States  ;  and 
prepare,  publish,  and  transmit  to  the 
medical  officers  of  the  Marine  Hospital 
Service,  to  Collectors  of  Customs,  and  to 
State  and  municipal  health  officers  and 
authorities,  weekly  abstracts  of  the  con- 
sular sanitary  reports  and  other  pertinent 
information  received  by  said  Board  ;  and 
must  also,  as  far  as  it  may  be  able,  by 
means  of  the  voluntary  co-operation  of 
State  and  municipal  authorities,  of  pub- 
lic associations  and  private  persons,  pro- 
cure information  relating  to  the  climatic 
and  other  conditions  affecting  the  public 
health ;  and  must  make  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  an  annual  report  of  its 
operations  for  transmission  to  Congress, 
with  such  recommendations  as  it  may 
deem  important  to  the  public  interests ; 


and  said  report,  if  ordered  to  be  printed 
by  Congress,  is  to  be  done  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  Board. 

The  National  Board  of  Health  must, 
from  time  to  time,  issue  to  the  consular 
officers  of  the  United  States  and  to  the 
medical  officers  serving  at  any  foreign 
port,  and  otherwise  make  publicly  known, 
the  rules  and  regulations  made  by  it  and 
approved  by  the  President,  to  be  used  and 
complied  with  by  vessels  in  foreign  ports 
for  securing  the  best  sanitary  condition 
of  such  vessels,  their  cargoes,  {passengers, 
and  crews,  before  their  departure  for  any 
port  in  the  United  States,  and  in  the 
course  of  the  voyage  ;  and  all  such  other 
rules  and  regulations  as  shall  be  observed 
in  the  inspection  of  the  same  on  the  ar- 
rival thereof  at  any  quarantine  station  at 
the  port  of  destination,  and  for  the  disin- 
fection and  isolation  of  the  same,  and  the 
treatment  of  cargo  and  persons  on  board, 
so  as  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  chol- 
era, yellow  fever,  or  other  contagious  or 
infectious  diseases. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  State  and  local 
health  authorities  to  take  the  initiative 
in  adopting  rules  and  regulations  for  pre- 
venting the  spread  of  contagious  diseases. 
The  National  Board  of  Health  has  made 
certain  recommendations  for  such  rules, 
which  it  has  printed,  and  which  indicate 
the  minimum  amount  of  precaution  to  be 
taken.  A  State  or  local  authority  may 
make  more  stringent  rules  than  those 
recommended  ;  and  if  they  are  too  strin- 
gent, even  to  absolute  non-intercourse, 
the  National  Board  of  Health  has  no 
power  to  interfere.  It  is  only  when  a 
State  or  local  authority  refuses  to  take 
even  the  precaution  considered  indispen- 
sable by  the  National  Board  of  Health 
that  it  can  take  action  legally  in  the  mat- 
ter. The  Board  is  not  expected  to  do  all 
the  work  of  prevention,  nor  to  pay  for 
doing  of  such  work.  The  State  and'local 
boards  have  to  do  first  all  in  their  respect- 
ive powers,  and  then  the  National  Board 
of  Health  will  come  in  to  supplement 
their  efforts  to  aid  and  co-operate  in  the 
terms  of  the  law.  And  it  is  therefore  the 
duty  of  State  and  local  authorities  to 
keep  the  National  Board  of  Health  fully 
informed  on  the  following  points : 

1.  As  to  what  rules  and  regulations 
they  have  adopted ; 

2.  As  to  how  far  they  can  carry  out 
the  rules  and  regulations  :  and 

3.  As  to  what  aid  they  think  it  is  neces- 
sary that  the  National  Board  shall  fur- 
nish in  order  that  proper  rules  and  regu- 
lations may  be  enforced  ;  and  with  regard 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


161 


to  this  request  for  aid  details  must  be 
given. 

The  National  Board  of  Health  cannot 
place  money  in  the  hands  of  a  local 
board  to  be  expended  at  the  discretion  of 
the  latter.  It  must  be  known  what  the 
money  is  to  be  used  for,  whether  it  is  for 
the  hire  of  inspectors  or  police,  for  the 
purchase  of  disinfectants,  for  the  erection 
of  sheds,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing 
local  quarantine,  etc. 

The  Board  must  use  all  its  power  to 
prevent  the  spread  of  yellow  fever  by  aid- 
ing State  and  municipal  boards  of  health 
in  their  efforts  to  discover  the  first  cases, 
to  isolate  them,  and  thus  stamp  out  the 
disease,  as  well  as  carry  out  the  usual 
systems  of  quarantine. 


Compared  with  the  power  possessed  by 
the  local  authorities,  tnat  of  the  National 
Board  of  Health  is,  as  above  demon- 
strated, very  small  and  limited. 

OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES  NATIONAL  BOARD  OF 
HEALTH. 

Per  AL:ium. 
Chief  clerk $2000.00 

1  clerk 1800.00 

2  clerks,  each 1600.00 

3  "          "    1200.00 

12  sanitary  inspectors,  each,  per  diem..  10. Ou 

1  sanitary  inspector,  per  month 300.00 

1        "               "                 "         200.00 

1  messenger,  per  month 60.00 

1         "                  "         35.00 

1  laborer,  per  diem 1,25 


11 


WAE   DEPARTMENT. 


The  Secretary  of  War  is  the  head  of 
this  Department. 

The  War  Department  was  established 
by  the  act  of  Congress  of  August  7, 
1789. 

POWERS  AND  DUTIES  OF  THE  SECRE- 
TARY OP  WAR. 

The  Secretary  of  War  performs  such 
iuties  as  are  enjoined  on  or  intrusted  to 
him  by  the  President  relative  to  military 
commissions,  the  military  forces,  the  war- 
like stores  of  the  United  States,  and  other 
matters  respecting  military  affairs,  and 
conducts,  under  the  direction  of  the  Pres- 
ident, the  business  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the'  Secretary  of  War 
to  cause  all  flags,  standards,  and  colors 
captured  from  the  enemies  of  the  United 
States  to  be  transmitted  to  the  seat  of 
Government,  where  they  are  preserved. 

He  controls  the  transportation  of 
troops,  munitions  of  war,  equipments, 
military  property  and  stores  throughout 
the  United  States. 

He  defines  and  prescribes  the  kinds  as 
well  as  the  amount  of  supplies  to  be  pur- 
chased by  the  Subsistence  and  Quarter- 
master Departments  of  the  army,  and  the 
duties  and  powers  thereof  respecting  such 
purchases ;  and  it  is  his  duty  to  prescribe 
general  regulations  for  the  transportation 
of  the  articles  of  supply  from  the  places 
of  purchase  to  the  armies,  garrisons, 
posts,  and  recruiting  places,  for  the  safe- 
keeping of  such  articles,  and  for  the  dis- 
tribution and  timely  supply  of  the  same 
to  the  regimental  quartermasters,  and 
other  officers  to  be  intrusted  therewith ; 
and  to  fix  and  make  reasonable  allow- 
ances for  the  store-rent  and  storage  neces- 
sary for  the  safe-keeping  of  all  military 
stores  and  supplies. 

He  is  authorized  to  furnish  to  non-com- 
missioned officers  and  privates  who  served 
in  the  army  of  the  United  States  during 
the  Rebellion  of  1861,  and  who  have  lost 
162 


their  certificates  of  discharge,  or  when  the 
same  have  been  destroyed  without  the 
fault  of  the  soldier,  duplicates  of  such 
certificates  of  discharge,  on  application, 
satisfactory  proof  of  such  loss  or  destruc- 
tion first  to  be  furnished ;  but  such  du- 
plicate certificate  shall  not  be  accepted  as 
a  voucher  for  the  payment  of  any  claim 
against  the  United  States  for  pay,  bounty, 
or  other  allowance,  or  as  evidence  in  any 
other  case. 

He  is  authorized  to  detail  one  or  more 
of  the  employes  of  the  War  Department 
for  the  purpose  of  administering  the 
oaths  required  by  law  in  the  settlement 
of  officers'  accounts  for  clothing,  camp 
and  garrison  equipage,  quartermaster's 
stores,  and  ordnance,  which  oaths  must 
be  administered  without  expense  to  the 
persons  taking  them. 

It  is  his  duty  to  make  an  annual  report 
to  Congress,  containing  a  statement  of 
the  appropriations  of  the  preceding  fiscal 
year  for  the  War  Department,  showing 
the  amount  appropriated  under  each  spe- 
cific head ;  the  amount  expended  under 
each  head,  and  the  balance  which  re- 
mained unexpended  on  the  30th  of  June 
preceding.  Also  to  lay  before  Congress, 
at  the  commencement  of  each  regular 
session,  a  statement  of  all  contracts 
for  supplies  or  services  which  have  been 
made  by  him,  or  under  his  direction, 
during  the  year  preceding,  and  a  state- 
ment of  the  expenditure  of  the  moneys 
appropriated  for  the  contingent  expenses 
of  the  military  establishment. 

Whenever  he  invites  proposals  for  any 
works,  or  for  any  materials  or  labor  for 
any  work,  it  is  his  duty  to  report  to  Con- 
gress, at  its  next  session,  all  bids  there- 
for, with  the  names  of  the  bidders. 

There  must  be  separate  proposals  and 
separate  contracts  for  each  work  and  class 
of  material  or  labor. 

He  must  cause  to  be  prepared  and  sub- 
mitted to  Congress,  in  connection  with 
the  reports  of  examinations  and  surveys 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


163 


of  rivers  and  harbors,  made  by  order  of 
Congress,  full  statements  of  all  existing 
facts  tending  to  show  to  what  extent  the 
general  commerce  of  the  country  will  be 
promoted  by  the  works  of  improvements 
contemplated  by  such  examinations  and 
surveys,  to  the  end  that  public  moneys 
shall  not  be  applied  excepting  where 
such  improvements  shall  tend  to  subserve 
the  general  commercial  and  navigation 
interests  of  the  United  States. 

He  must  lay  before  Congress,  on  or 
before  the  first  Monday  in  February  of 
each  year,  an  abstract  of  the  returns  of 
the  adjutants-general  of  the  several  States 
of  the  militia  thereof. 

It  is  his  duty  to  organize  a  board  of 
five  members,  to  consist  of  three  officers 
of  the  army  and  two  persons  from  civil 
life,  to  frame  regulations  for  the  govern- 
ment of  the  prisoners  confined  in  the 
Military  Prison  at  Rock  Island,  Illinois. 

The  Secretary  of  War  and  the  Com- 
missioners must  visit  said  prison  semi- 
annually,  and  as  much  oftener  as  may  be 
deemed  expedient,  for  the  purposes  of 
examination,  inspection,  and  correction  ; 
and  they  must  inquire  into  all  abuses  or 
neglect  of  duty  on  the  part  of  the  officers 
or  other  persons  in  charge  of  the  same, 
and  make  such  changes  in  the  general 
discipline  of  the  prison  as  they  may  hold 
to  be  essential. 

It  is  his  duty  to  give  such  directions  to 
the  adjutants-general  of  the  militia  of  the 
several  States  as  may  in  his  opinion  be 
necessary  to  produce  a  uniformity  in  the 
returns  made  by  them  of  the  militia, 
arms,  accoutrements,  and  ammunition. 


He  may  enter  into  contract,  in  open 
market,  for  bunting  of  American  manu- 
facture, for  a  period  not  exceeding  one 
year,  and  at  a  price  not  exceeding  that  at 
which  an  article  of  equal  quality  can  be 
imported. 

It  is  his  duty  to  cause  and  require  every 
contract  made  by  him,  or  by  any  officer 
appointed  by  him  to  make  contracts,  to  be 
reduced  to  writing,  and  signed  by  the 
contracting  parties  with  their  names,  a 
copy  of  each  of  which  must  be  filed  in  the 
Returns  Office  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior,  within  thirty  days,  together  with 
all  bids,  offers,  and  proposals. 

It  is  his  duty  to  furnish  every  officer 
appointed  by  him  with  authority  to  make 
contracts  on  behalf  of  the  Government 
with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions,  set- 
ting forth  the  duties  of  such  officer. 

NATIONAL  CEMETERIES. 

He  is  authorized  to  purchase  such  real 
estate  as  in  his  judgment  is  suitable  and 
necessary  for  National  Cemeteries. 

He  is  required  to  cause  to  be  erected 
at  the  principal  entrance  of  each  National 
Cemetery  a  suitable  building,  to  be  occu- 
pied as  a  porter's  lodge ;  and  to  appoint  a 
meritorious  and  trustworthy  superintend- 
ent, who  must  be  an  honorably  discharged 
disabled  soldier,  non-commissioned  or 
commissioned  officer  of  the  regular  or 
volunteer  army,  to  reside  therein,  for  the 
purpose  of  guarding  and  protecting  the 
cemetery  and  giving  information  to  per- 
sons visiting  the  same. 


List  of  the  Names  of  the  National  Cemeteries,  the  Salary  allowed  the  Superintendent 
of  each,  and  their  Post-  Office  Address. 


Name. 

Salary  of 
Superintendents 
per  Annum. 

Post-Office. 

Alexandria,  La  

$840  00 

Alexandria   La 

Alexandria,  Va 

840  00 

Andersonville,  Ga  

900  00 

Andersonville  Ga. 

Annapolis,  Md  .. 

780  00 

Antietam,  Md  

900.00 

Sharpsburg,  Md 

Arlington,  Va  

900  00 

Ball's  Bluff,  Va  

25.00 

Leesburg,  Va 

Barrancas,  Fla  

780  00 

Baton  Rouge   La 

840  00 

Battle-Ground,  D.  C  

720  00 

Brightwood   D    C 

Beaufort   S    C 

900  00 

Beaufort  S   C 

Beverly,  N.  J  

720.00 

Beverly   N   J 

Brownsville,  Tex.. 

840  00 

Brownsville  Tex 

Camp  Butler  111 

780  00 

Riverton    111 

Camp  Nelson,  Ky  

900  00 

Hanly   Ky 

164 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Name. 


Salary  of 

Superintendents 

per  Annum. 


Post-Office. 


Cave  Hill,  Ky 

Chalmette,  La 

Chattanooga,  Tenn 

City  of  Mexico,  Mex 

City  Point,  Va 

Cold  Harbor,  Va 

Corinth,  Miss 

Crown  Hill,  Ind 

Culpeper,  Va 

Cypress  Hills,  N.  Y 

Danville,  Ky 

Danville,  Va 

Fayetteville,  Ark 

Finn's  Point,  N.  J 

Florence,  S.  C 

Fort  Donelson,  Tenn 

Fort  Gibson.  Ind.  Territory 

Fort  Harrison,  Va 

Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas 

Fort  McPherson,  Neb 

Fort  Scott,  Kansas 

Fort  Smith,  Ark 

Fredericksburg,  Va 

Gettysburg,  Pa 

Glendale,  Va 

Grafton,  W.  Va 

Hampton,  Va 

Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo 

Jefferson  City,  Mo 

Keokuk,  Iowa 

Knoxville,  Tenn 

Laurel,  Md 

Lebanon,  KY 

Lexington,  Ky 

Little  Rock,  Ark 

Logan's  Cross-Roads,  Ky 

Loudon  Park,  Md 

Marietta,  Ga 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Mobile,  Ala 

Mound  City,  111 

Nashville,  Tenn 

Natchez,  Miss 

New  Albany,  Ind 

New  Berne,  N.  C 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburg  Landing,  Tenn 

Poplar  Grove,  Va 

Port  Hudson,  La 

Raleigh,  N.  C 

Richmond,  Va 

Rock  Island,  111 

Salisbury,  N.  C 

San  Antonio,  Tex... 

Seven  Pines,  Va. 

Soldiers'  Home,  D.  C 

Springfield,  Mo , 

Staunton,  Va , 

Stone  River,  Tenn , 

Vicksburg,  Miss 

Wilmington,  N.  C , 

Winchester,  Va 

Woodlawn,  N.  Y 

Yorktown,  Va 


$720.00 
900.00 
900.00 
900.00 
840.00 
780.00 
900.00 
720.00 
840.00 
720.00 

No  supt. 
780.00 
780.00 
720.00 
840.00 
780.00 
780.00 
720.00 
840.00 
720.00 
840.00 
840.00 
900.00 
900.00 
720.00 
720.00 
900.00 
900.00 
780.00 
780.00 
840.00 

No  supt. 
720.00 
720.00 
900.00 
840.00 
720.00 
900.00 
900.00 
840.00 
900.00 
900.00 
900.00 
780.00 
840.00 
840.00 
900.00 
900.00 
900.00 
840.00 
900.00 

No  supt. 
900.00 
720.00 
720.00 
900.00 
780.00 
720.00 
900.00 
900.00 
840.00 
840.00 

No  supt. 
780.00 


Louisville,  Ky. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

City  of  Mexico,  Mex. 

City  Point,  Va. 

Richmond,  Va. 

Corinth,  Miss. 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Culpeper,  Va. 

East  New  York,  Kings  Co.,  L.  I. 

Danville,  Ky. 

Danville,  Va. 

Fayetteville,  Ark. 

Salem,  N.  J. 

Florence,  S.  C. 

Dover,  Tenn. 

Fort  Gibson,  Ind.  Territory. 

Richmond,  Va. 

Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas. 

Cottonwood  Springs,  Neb. 

Fort  Scott,  Kansas. 

Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 

Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Glendale,  Va. 

Grafton,  West  Va. 

Hampton,  Va. 

Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 

Jefferson  City,  Mo. 

Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Knoxville,  Tenn. 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Lebanon,  Ky. 

Lexington,  Ky. 

Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Somerset,  Ky. 

Carroll,  Md. 

Marietta,  Ga. 

Memphis,  Tenn. 

Mobile,  Ala. 

Mound  City,  111. 

Madison,  Tenn. 

Natchez,  Miss. 

New  Albany,  Ind. 

New  Berne,  N.  C. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Hamburg,  Tenn. 

Petersburg,  Va. 

Port  Hudson,  La. 

Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Richmond,  Va. 

Rock  Island,  111. 

Salisbury,  N.  C. 

San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Richmond,  Va. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Springfield,  Mo. 

Staunton,  Va. 

Murfreesboro',  Tenn. 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 

Wilmington,  N.  C. 

Winchester,  Va. 

Elmira,  N.  Y. 

Yorktown,  Va. 


NOTE. — In  addition  to  their  salary,  superintendents  are  allowed  quarters  and  fuel  free. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


165 


ORGANIZATION  OF  OFFICE  OF  SECRE- 
TARY OF  WAR. 

The  Office  of  the  Secretary  of  War  is 
composed  of  the  following  divisions  : 

CHIEF  CLERK. 

The  Chief  Clerk  has  general  charge  of 
the  clerical  force  and  business  of  the 
office.  The  official  mails  are  sent  through 
the  Chief  Clerk,  and  all  business,  not 
strictly  military  in  character,  is  sub- 
mitted by  him  to  the  Secretary  for  his 
decision. 

Whenever  the  Secretary  of  War  shall 
be  removed  from  office  by  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  other  case 
of  vacancy,  the  Chief  Clerk,  during  such 
vacancy,  has  the  charge  and  custody  of 
all  records,  books,  and  papers  appertain- 
ing to  the  War  Department ;  and  when 
from  illness  or  other  cause  the  Secretary 
is  temporarily  absent,  he  may  authorize 
the  Chief  Clerk  to  sign  requisitions  upon 
the  Treasury  Department,  and  other 
papers,  the  same  to  be  of  the  same  force 
and  effect  as  if  signed  by  the  Secretary 
of  War  himself. 

DISBURSING  CLERK. 

The  Disbursing  Clerk  pays  all  civil 
salaries  in  the  Department,  disburses  all 
the  contingent  funds,  and  the  miscella- 
neous appropriations  under  the  immediate 
control  of  the  War  Department  proper, 
and  has  charge  of  the  official  mail  and 
postage  accounts,  stationery,  and  office 
supplies. 

CORRESPONBENCE    DIVISION. 

This  Division  has  charge  of  all  corre- 
spondence of  every  character  ;  embracing 
communications  to  and  from  Congress, 
other  Executive  Departments,  State  au- 
thorities, representatives  of  foreign  Gov- 
ernments, societies,  private  citizens,  etc. 

DIVISION  OF  RECORDS  AND  FILES. 

This  Division,  as  its  name  indicates,  is 
charged  with  the  recording  and  custody 
of  all  official  documents  and  papers  be- 
longing to  the  Department  proper. 

DIVISION  OF  REQUISITIONS,  ESTIMATES, 
ACCOUNTS,  ETC.  ARMY  OFFICER  IN 
CHARGE  (ARMY  PAY). 

This  division  keeps  all  appropriation 
accounts ;  makes  requisitions  on  the  Treas- 
ury ;  prepares  estimates;  records  and 


verifies  all  deposits  of  public  moneys  by 
officers  of  the  army,  and  examines  and  re- 
ports upon  all  claims  of  States  for  expendi- 
tures made  for  the  benefit  of  the  United 
States  during  the  Rebellion  of  1861. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  there  are 
under  the  office  proper  : 

The  General  Library, 

The  Law  Library, 

The  Document  Rooms,  and 

The  Military  Academy  Division, 
which  is  a  kind  of  joint  office  with  the 
Adjutant-General's  Department. 

FORCE  OP  THE  SECRETARY'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk  and  superintendent ...$2750 

Disbursing  clerk 2000 

Stenographer 1800 

2  chief  clerks  of  division,  each 2000 

5  clerks,  each 1800 

4       "         "     1600 

4       "         "     1400 

12     "         "     1200 

1  clerk 1000 

8  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

7  laborers,  each 660 

6  watchmen,  each 720 

REBEL  ARCHIVE   BRANCH. 

Its  duties  consist  in  the  examination 
of  original  papers  captured  from  or  sur- 
rendered by  Confederate  officers  or  the 
Confederate  Government.  Its  services 
have  proved  of  great  value  since  the  close 
of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  affording  the 
means  of  proving  the  disloyalty  of  per- 
sons presenting  claims  of  various  kinds, 
and  thus  preventing  their  payment  by 
the  Government. 

An  appropriation  of  $6600  is  made 
annually,  and  it  is  apportioned  as  follows  : 

Per  Annum. 

1  clerk $1600 

1     "     1400 

3  clerks,  each 1200 

REBELLION  RECORDS— UNION  AND 
CONFEDERATE. 

There  is  appropriated  for  the  fiscal 
year  1881  the  sum  of  $40,490  for  con- 
tinuing the  preparation  of  the  publication 
of  the  official  records  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion,  both  of  the  Union  and  Confed- 
erate armies  ;  and  the  number  of  clerks 
and  other  employes  engaged  thereon  is 
limited  as  follows : 


2  clerks,  each. 

1  clerk 

1     «     

1     "     . 


Per  Annum. 

$1800 

1600 

1400 

..   1200 


166 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 

$1000 

900 

1600 

1200 

1000 

720 


2  clerks,  each 

12  copyists,  each 

1  foreman  of  printing 

1  pressman , 

6  compositors,  each 

2  assistant  messengers,  each.. 

1  watchman 720 

1  agent  for  the  collection  of  Confederate 

records....  ..  2400 


ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

BUSINESS. 

The  business  in  general  of  the  Adju- 
tant-General's office  is  the  organization 
and  management  of  armies.  It  is  the 
branch  through  which  the  orders  affect- 
ing the  military  establishment  are  issued, 
and  where  the  records  and  archives  of 
the  army  and  of  wars  are  kept  and  pre- 
served. It  conducts  the  recruiting  and 
mustering  services,  and  keeps  all  the  rolls 
and  returns  required  in  the  military  ser- 
vice, which  consist  of  a  great  variety ; 
the  principal  ones  of  which  are :  muster- 
in  rolls  for  volunteers  and  regulars ;  mus- 
ter-out rolls  ;  allotment  rolls ;  monthly 
returns,  company  and  regimental ;  post 
returns,  including  hospitals  and  rendez- 
vous;  returns  for  armies,  departments, 
corps,  divisions,  brigades  ;  return  of  men 
joined  company ;  return  of  deceased 
soldiers  ;  return  of  casualties  ;  company 
muster  and  pay  rolls  (every  two  months) ; 
muster  and  pay  roll,  field,  staff,  and  band  ; 
muster  and  pay  roll  hospital  department ; 
description  lists  ;  certificates  of  disability  ; 
final  statements ;  discharges ;  pay  ac- 
counts for  discharged  soldiers  ;  non-com- 
missioned officers'  warrant  roll;  company 
morning  report ;  consolidated  morning 
report  for  corps,  divisions,  brigades,  and 
regiments;  tri-raonthly  report;  roll  of 
prisoners  of  war ;  descriptive  list  of  de- 
serters, etc. 

The  Adjutant-General's  Office  furnishes 
statements  of  service  and  military  his- 
tory to  the  Auditors  of  the  Treasury, 
Commissioner  of  Pensions,  the  Paymas- 
ter-General, Commissary-General,  Quar- 
termaster-General, and  officers  of  the 
Adjutant-General's  Department. 

It  answers  inquiries  of  near  relatives 
of  soldiers,  so  far  as  to  give  information 
of  the  month  when  last  heard  from, 
whether  present  or  absent,  sick  or  well, 
and  the  post-office  address. 

A  large  number  and  variety  of  ac- 
counts, returns,  etc.,  are  made  by  recruit- 
ing and  mustering  officers  to  the  Adjutant- 
General,  and  through  him  to  the  'Second 
and  Third  Auditors  of  the  Treasury,  to 


the  Quartermaster  and  Commissary-Gen- 
eral, and  to  the  Chief  of  Ordnance. 

Under  the  head  "  The  Army"  will  be 
found  the  organization  of  the  Adjutant- 
General's  Department  of  the.army. 

The  Adjutant-General's  Office  is  divided 
for  convenience  and  the  despatch  of  busi- 
ness into  five  divisions,  namely  : 

Records,  Telegrams,  Miscellany. 

Miscellaneous  Correspondence. 

Appointments,  Commissions,  Person- 
nel. 

Volunteer  Service,  Rolls,  etc. 

Enlisted  Men. 

Each  division  is  in  charge  either  of  the 
Adjutant-General  or  an  Assistant  Adju- 
tant-General. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  ARMY. 

The  Adjutant-General,  with  rank  of 

brigadier-general Army  Pay. 

1  assistant    adjutant-general,    with 

rank  of  colonel "         " 

3  assistant  adjutants-general,  with 

rank  of  major "        " 

CIVILIAN  FORCE. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $2000 

11  clerks,  each 1800 

17      "        "     1600 

35      "         "     1400 

151    "         "     1200 

6        "         "     1000 

4  watchmen,  each 720 

8  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

2  firemen,  each 720 

1  laborer 660 

30  clerks,  each,  per  month 100 

ENLISTED  MEN. 

78  enlisted  men  (general  service),  serv- 
ing as  clerks 

60  enlisted  men  (general  service),  serv- 
ing as  messengers  and  watchmen 

NOTE. — The  pay  and  allowances  per  annum 
of  enlisted  men  serving  in  the  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's Office  and  other  branches  of  the  War 
Department,  as  clerks  and  messengers,  amount 
as  follows  : 

CLERKS. 


Sergeants.  Privates. 

Pay $1055.25  $1007.25 

Clothing...   37.78  36.09 

Total $1093.03  $1043.34 


$892.50 
36.09 

$928.59 


The  above  amounts  are  paid  during  the  first 
and  second  years  of  service.  During  the  third 
year  each  grade  receives  $12  additional,  fourth 
year  $24,  and  fifth  year  $36.  For  each  year 
of  a  second  enlistment,  for  a  period  of  five 
years,  each  grade  receives  $60  additional;  for  a 
third  enlistment  of  five  years  $72;  and  for  a 
fourth  enlistment  of  five  years  $84;  and  $12  a 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


167 


fear  additional  to  $84  for  every  succeeding  en- 
listment. 


OFFICE  OF  INSPECTOR-GENERAL. 

DUTIES. 

The  duty  of  the  Inspector-General's 
Office  is  to  inspect  the  army,  its  arms, 
large  and  small,  accoutrements,  the 
clothing  of  the  soldiers,  their  tents,  bar- 
racks, and  quarters,  the  state  of  the  dif- 
ferent corps  in  drill,  discipline,  the  care 
of  their  arms,  etc. 

It  is  the  duty  of  one  of  the  Inspectors 
of  the  army  to  visit  at  least  once  in  three 
months  the  Military  Prison  at  Rock 
Island,  Illinois,  for  the  purpose  of  ex- 
amining into  the  books  and  all  the  affairs 
thereof,  and  ascertaining  whether  the 
laws,  rules,  and  regulations  relating 
thereto  are  complied  with,  the  officers 
competent  and  faithful,  the  convicts 
properly  governed  and  employed,  and 
treated  with  humanity  and  kindness, 
and  make  full  report  on  these  points  to 
the  Secretary  of  War. 


ARMY  AND  CIVILIAN  FORCE  EM- 
PLOYED. 

Inspector-General,  with  rank  of 

brigadier-general  Army  Pay. 

1  assistant  inspector-general,  with 

rank  of  colonel " 

Per  Annum. 

1  clerk $1800 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  enlisted  man  for  clerical  service. 


BUREAU  OF  MILITARY  JUSTICE. 

This  is  the  law  office  of  the  War  De- 
partment. It  is  the  duty  of  the  Judge- 
Advocate-General  to  receive,  revise,  and 
cause  to  be  recorded  the  proceedings  of 
all  courts-martial,  courts  of  inquiry,  and 
military  commissions,  and  to  prepare 
opinions  on  questions  of  law  submitted 
to  him  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  or  the  Secretary  of  War. 

ARMY  AND   CIVILIAN   FORCE. 

Judge-Advocate-General,  with  rank 

of  brigadier-general Army  Pay. 

2  judge-advocates,with  rank  of  major          " 

Per  Annum. 

1  chief  clerk $1800 

1  clerk 1600 

1     "      1200 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

3  enlisted  men  for  clerical  service. 


SIGNAL  OFFICE. 

The  Chief  Signal  Officer  has  charge, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  of  all  signal  duty,  military  tele- 
graphs, sea-coast  service, — i.e.,  signal  sta- 
tions established  at  light-houses,  and  at 
life-saving  stations,  connected  by  tele- 
graph lines  for  signal-service  purposes, — 
and  the  taking  of  meteorological  obser- 
vations. 

The  Signal  Service  is  divided  into  four 
branches,  viz. :  The  School  of  Instruc- 
tion, the  Signal  Corps  proper,  Military 
Telegraphs  and  Sea-Coast  Service,  and 
the  Meteorological. 

The  School  of  Instruction  is  located  at 
Fort  Whipple,  Virginia,  opposite  Wash- 
ington, on  a  portion  of  the  Arlington 
estate.  This  is  a  school  where  the  prac- 
tical duties  of  the  soldier  are  taught,  as 
well  as  the  manoeuvring  of  field  telegraph 
trains,  rapid  telegraph  construction, 
management  of  all  signal  apparatus  used 
in  the  field,  use  of  instruments  for  taking 
meteorological  observations,  ami  practi- 
cal telegraphy. 

In  the  Signal  Corps  proper  officers  and 
enlisted  men  skilled  in  all  the  uses  of  the 
appliances  for  signal  duty  are  with  the 
army,  but  it  is  during  war,  when  actual 
campaigns  and  military  operations  are  in 
progress,  that  this  corps  is  most  valuable  ; 
although  in  time  of  peace  their  services 
are  frequently  required. 

The  uses  of  the  Military  Telegraph  and 
Sea-Coast  Service  may  be  well  under- 
stood by  the  name,  the  first  for  rapid 
communication  of  intelligence  and  orders 
pertaining  to  military  affairs,  and  the 
latter  of  wrecks,  marine  disasters,  and  in 
aid  of  and  in  connection  with  the  saving 
of  lives  of  mariners. 

The  Meteorological  or  Weather  Bureau, 
which  is  familiar  to  every  one,  conducts 
the  observations  taken  at  the  large  num- 
ber of  signal  stations  (about  170)  which 
have  been  established,  and  by  a  system  of 
telegraphs  and  marine  signals  daily  gives 
intelligence  of  the  approach  and  force  of 
storms,  of  freshets,  and  the  condition  of 
the  principal  rivers  in  the  United  States. 

It  is  hardly  worth  while  to  elaborate 
on  this  service,  as  it  is  the  one  branch  of 
the  public  service  with  which  the  people 
are  more  familiar  than  any  other. 

The  Signal  Service  Bureau  publishes 
large  numbers  of  bulletins,  charts, 
weather  reviews  and  chronicles.  The 
annual  report  of  the  same  is  a  large 
octavo  volume  of  600  pages,  with  illus- 
trations, maps,  and  charts. 


168 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


The  Chief  Signal  Officer  may  cause  to 
be  sold  any  surplus  maps  or  publications 
of  the  Signal  Office,  the  money  received 
therefor  to  be  applied  towards  defraying 
the  expenses  of  the  Signal  Service,  an 
account  thereof  to  be  rendered  in  his  re- 
port. 

FORCE    IN    THE   SIGNAL   OFFICE  AND 
SERVICE. 

Civil  Employes. 

Per  Annum. 

2  clerks,  each $1800 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

Army  Officers. 

Chief  Signal  Officer,  with  rank  of 

brigadier-general Army  Pay. 

4  first  lieutenants  of  artillery " 

1     "    lieutenant  of  cavalry " 

1     "  "  infantry " 

Enlisted  Men. 

150  sergeants,  30  corporals,  and  320  privates. 
(For  pay-table,  see  page  165.) 

Candidates  for  enlistment  are  required 
to  pass  a  preliminary  educational  exami- 
nation, and  if  accepted,  they  are  sent 
to  Fort  Whipple  for  drill  and  instruc- 
tion. 


QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S 
OFFICE. 

DUTIES,  BUSINESS,  ETC. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  officers  of  the 
Quartermaster's  Department,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  pur- 
chase and  distribute  to  the  army  all 
military  stores  and  supplies  requisite  for 
its  use  which  other  corps  are  not  directed 
by  law  to  provide  :  to  furnish  means  of 
transportation  for  the  army,  its  military 
stores  and  supplies,  and  to  provide  for 
and  pay  all  incidental  expenses  of  the 
military  service  which  other  corps  are 
not  directed  to  provide  for  and  pay. 

The  military  stores  and  supplies  pur- 
chased and  distributed  include  clothing, 
camp  and  garrison  equipage,  fuel,  forage, 
straw,  and  nearly  everything  used  in  the 
army,  except  rations  (which  are  furnished 
by  the  Subsistence  Department)  and 
arms. 

The  Quartermaster-General  may  em- 
ploy as  many  forage-masters  and  wagon- 
masters,  not  exceeding  twenty,  as  he  may 
deem  necessary,  who  are  entitled  to  $40 
per  month  and  three  rations  per  day,  and 
forage  for  one  horse  each. 

No  officer  of  the  Quartermaster's  De- 


partment shall  be  concerned,  directly  or 
"ndirectly,  in  the  purchase  or  sale  of  any 
article  intended  for  or  appertaining  to  said 
Department  or  service  except  on  account 
of  the  United  States,  nor  take  or  apply  to 
his  own  use  any  gain  or  emolument  for 
negotiating  or  transacting  any  business 
connected  with  the  duties  of  his  office, 
other  than  that  which  maybe  allowed  by 
law. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster- 
General  to  prescribe  and  enforce,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  a 
system  of  accountability  for  all  quarter- 
master's supplies  to  the  army,  or  to  offi- 
cers, seamen,  and  marines;  and  to  ac- 
count to  the  Secretary  of  War,  at  least 
once  in  three  months,  for  all  property 
and  money  that  may  pass  through  his 
hands,  or  the  hands  of  his  subordinate 
officers. 

It  is  the  duty  of  every  officer  who  re- 
ceives clothing  or  camp  equipage  for  the 
use  of  his  command,  or  for  issue  to  the 
troops,  to  render  to  the  Quartermaster- 
General,  at  the  end  of  each  quarter  year, 
returns  of  such  supplies,  according  to  the 
forms  prescribed,  accompanied  by  the 
requisite  vouchers  for  any  issues  made  ; 
and  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster- 
General  (through  his  subordinates)  to  ex- 
amine and  transmit  them  for  settlement 
to  the  proper  accounting  officer  of  the 
Treasury  Department  (the  Third  Audi- 
tor). ^ 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  officers  of  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  to  furnish, 
upon  the  requisition  of  the  naval  or 
marine  officer  commanding  any  detach- 
ment of  seamen  or  marines  under  orders 
to  act  on  shore,  in  co-operation  with  land 
troops,  and  during  the  time  such  detach- 
ment is  so  acting,  or  proceeding  to  act, 
the  officers  and  seamen  with  camp  equip- 
age, transportation  for  said  officers,  sea- 
men, and  marines,  their  baggage,  pro- 
visions, and  cannon,  and  to  furnish  the 
naval  officer  commanding  such  detach- 
ment, and  his  necessary  aides,with  horses, 
accoutrements,  and  forage. 

Permanent  barracks,  or  quarters  and 
buildings,  and  structures  of  a  permanent 
nature,  are  not  to  be  constructed,  unless 
approved  by  Congress,  and  a  special  ap- 
propriation is  made  for  the  same,  except 
when  constructed  by  the  troops. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department,  in  obtaining  supplies  for  the 
military  service,  to  state,  in  all  adver- 
tisements for  bids  for  contracts,  that  a 
preference  will  be  given  for  articles  of 
domestic  production  and  manufacture, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


169 


conditions  of  price  and  quality  being 
equal,  and  that  such  preference  will  be 
given  to  articles  of  American  production 
and  manufacture  produced  on  the  Pacific 
coast  to  the  extent  of  the  consumption 
required  by  the  public  service  there  ;  and 
to  require  all  articles  which  are  to  be 
used  in  the  States  and  Territories  of  the 
Pacific  coast  to  be  delivered  and  inspected 
at  points  designated  in  those  States  and 
Territories  ;  and  the  advertisements  for 
such  supplies  must  be  published  in  news- 
papers of  the  cities  of  San  Francisco, 
California,  and  Portland,  Oregon. 

REGULATIONS,  ETC. 

The  following  regulations  governing 
the  rendition  of  property-returns  and  the 
settlement  of  property-accounts  (Quarter- 
master's Department)  are  in  force  :  The 
quarterly  return  of  quartermaster's  stores 
is  made  in  duplicate,  one  copy,  with  ab- 
stracts and  vouchers  complete,  to  be  for- 
warded to  the  Quartermaster-General 
within  twenty  days  after  the  expiration 
of  the  quarter  to  which  it  pertains,  the 
other  copy  to  be  retained  by  the  officer 
for  his  own  protection. 

As  soon  as  possible  after  its  receipt  by 
the  Quartermaster-General,  the  return 
will  be  examined  in  his  office,  and  sus- 
pensions or  disallowances  will  nrjt  be 
made  on  account  of  slight  informalities 
which  do  not  affect  the  validity  of  a 
voucher,  but  the  officer's  attention  will 
be  directed  to  them  by  suitable  advisory 
remarks. 

The  examination  having  been  com- 
pleted, the  officer  making  the  return  will 
be  notified  of  all  errors  and  irregularities 
found  therein,  and  granted  three  months, 
if  stationed  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
or  six  months,  if  serving  west  thereof,  to 
correct  them.  If  the  necessary  correc- 
tions in  the  return  be  not  made  within 
the  prescribed  time,  the  proper  command- 
ing officer  shall  be  requested  by  the  Quar- 
termaster-General to  appoint  a  Board  of 
Survey  to  ascertain  the  value  of  any  ar- 
ticles for  which  the  officer  fails  to  account, 
and  as  soon  as  the  valuations  are  re- 
ceived by  the  Quartermaster-General,  the 
Paymaster-General  will  be  requested  to 
stop  their  amount  from  the  pay  of  the  de- 
linquent officer,  and  the  Paymaster-Gen- 
eral will  notify  the  Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral of  the  stoppage,  which  notice  will  be 
filed  with  the  officer's  return. 

As  soon  as  the  return  shall  have  been 
fully  corrected,  it  shall  be  forwarded  to 
the  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  for 


settlement,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  accompanied  by  a  re- 
port of  errors,  and  the  manner  in  which 
they  have  been  removed,  including  a 
statement  of  the  ascertained  money  value 
of  the  deficient  articles  of  property. 

Upon  receipt  of  the  return  by  the  Au- 
ditor, it  will  be  examined  so  far  as  to 
ascertain  if  the  quantities  of  public  prop- 
erty and  stores  on  hand  at  the  date  of 
the  last  return  are  correctly  restated  in 
the  present  return,  and  a  report  of 
any  errors  in  such  restatement  will  be 
promptly  transmitted  to  the  Quartermas- 
ter-General, who  will  take  such  measures 
for  their  correction  as  herein  prescribed 
for  errors  in  other  portions  of  the  return. 

The  Third  Auditor,  reviewing  the  re- 
marks and  the  action  of  the  Quartermas- 
ter-General upon  the  errors  and  irregu- 
larities contained  in  the  return,  will 
submit  any  portion  thereof  that  he  may 
deem  necessary,  with  his  own  views,  to 
the  Secretary  of  War. 

Whenever  the  errors  have  been  cor- 
rected, or  compensation  therefor  made  as 
provided,  and  the  action  of  the  Quarter- 
master-General concurred  in  by  the  Au- 
ditor, or  sustained  or  modified  by  the 
Secretary  of  War,  the  return  will  be  re- 
garded as  settled,  and  the  Auditor  will 
so  certify  to  the  Quartermaster-General, 
for  the  information  of  himself  and  of  the 
officer  concerned. 

The  return,  abstracts,  vouchers,  and 
supplementary  papers  will  remain  in  the 
custody  of  the  Third  Auditor,  subject  at 
all  times  to  their  temporary  recall  by  the 
Quartermaster-General,  or  to  the  inspec- 
tion of  any  person  duly  authorized  by 
that  officer  or  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

The  return  of  provisions,  and  return 
of  commissary  property,  will  be  made 
and  forwarded  to  the  office  of  the  Com- 
missary-General of  Subsistence  as  here- 
tofore, where  a  similar  course  of  exami- 
nation and  action  shall  be  taken  upon 
them  as  is  prescribed  in  these  regulations. 

The  returns  of  engineer  property  will 
be  made,  in  duplicate,  and  forwarded  to 
the  Chief  of  Engineers  for  his  action, 
who  will,  after  examination,  transmit 
them  as  provided  for  in  these  regulations. 

There  are  in  force  very  minute  regula- 
tions for  the  transportation  of  troops, 
military  stores,  and  material  for  the 
United  States  army,  and  to  facilitate  set- 
tlement with  railroad  and  other  transpor- 
tation companies  for  transportation  ser- 
vice. Also  for  the  settlement  of  money 
accounts,  and  relating  to  clothing,  camp, 
and  garrison  equipage. 


no 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Under  the  head  of  "The  Army"  will 
be  found  the  number  and  rank  of  officers 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 


QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT  AT 
LARGE. 

There  are  employed  by  the  several 
Quartermasters  at  the  military  posts, 
statons,  and  depots  a  large  number  of 
civilian  employes,  aggregating  about  400 
persons;  including  clerks,  superintend- 
ents, agents,  veterinary  surgeons,  wagon 
and  forage  masters,  civil  engineers, 
draughtsmen,  forage  inspectors,  masters 
of  transports,  stablemen,  watchmen,  en- 
gineers, storekeepers,  janitors,  draymen, 
firemen,  deck-hands,  carpenters,  wheel- 
wrights, yard-masters,  blacksmiths,  copy- 
ists, messengers,  laborers,  teamsters,  etc., 
who  are  paid  the  usual  salaries  allowed 
the  several  classes  of  employes. 

FORCE  OF  QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

Army  Officers. 

Quartermaster- General,  with    rank 

of  brigadier-general Army  Pay. 

1  assistant    quartermaster-general, 

with  rank  of  colonel " 

2  deputy    quartermasters-general, 

with  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 
1  quartermaster,  with  rank  of  major 
1  assistant  quartermaster,  with 

rank  of  captain  (mounted) 

Civilian  Employee. 

Per  Annum. 

1  chief  clerk  and  superintendent $2750 

7  clerks,  each 1800 

1  draughtsman 1800 

9  clerks,  each 1600 

24     "         "    1400 

48     "         "    1200 

20  copyists,  each 900 

1  female  messenger 480 

1  messenger 840 

2  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

6  laborers,  each 660 

1  engineer 1200 

1  fireman 720 

5  watchmen,  each 720 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL. 

DUTIES,  BUSINESS,  ETC. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  officers  of  the 
Commissary  or  Subsistence  Department, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  to  purchase  and  issue  to  the  army 
such  supplies  as  enter  into  the  composi- 
tion of  the  ration  (described  under  the 
head  of  "The  Army"). 


The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to 
select  from  the  sergeants  of  the  line  whc 
have  served  faithfully  for  five  years, 
three  years  of  which  in  the  grade  of  non- 
commissioned officers,  as  many  commis- 
sary sergeants  as  the  service  may  require, 
not  to  exceed  one  for  each  military  post 
or  place  of  deposit  of  subsistence  sup- 
plies, whose  duty  it  is  to  receive  and  pre- 
serve the  subsistence  supplies  at  the  posts, 
under  the  direction  of  the  proper  officers, 
and  under  the  regulations  prescribed  by 
the  Secretary  of  War. 

The  officers  of  the  Subsistence  Depart- 
ment must  furnish  rations  to  the  officers, 
seamen,  and  marines  of  any  detachment 
under  orders  to  act  on  shore,  in  co-opera- 
tion with  land  troops. 

They  must  procure  and  keep  for  sale 
to  officers  and  enlisted  men,  at  cost 
prices,  for  cash,  or  on  credit,  such  articles 
as  may  from  time  to  time  be  designated 
by  the  Inspectors-General  of  the  army. 
An  account  of  all  sales  on  credit  must  be 
kept,  and  the  amounts  due  for  the  same 
reported  monthly  to  the  Paymaster-Gen- 
eral. 

Commissioned  officers  of  the  army, 
serving  in  the  field,  may  purchase  rations 
for  their  own  use  from  any  Commissary 
of  Subsistence,  on  credit,  at  cost  prices  ; 
the  amounts  due  for  such  purchases  to 
be  reported  monthly  to  the  Paymaster- 
General. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Commissaries  of 
Subsistence  to  furnish  tobacco  to  the  en- 
listed men  of  the  army,  at  cost  prices, 
exclusive  of  the  cost  of  transportation,  in 
such  quantities  as  they  require,  not  ex- 
ceeding sixteen  ounces  per  month. 

Officers  of  the  Subsistence  Department 
are  by  law  prohibited  from  being  con- 
cerned, directly  or  indirectly,  in  the  pur- 
chase or  sale  of  any  article  entering  into 
the  composition  of  the  ration,  or  of  any 
article  designated  by  the  Inspectors-Gen- 
eral of  the  army,  and  furnished  for  sale 
to  officers  and  enlisted  men  at  cost  prices, 
or  of  tobacco  furnished  to  enlisted  men, 
except  on  account  of  the  United  States  j 
and  from  applying  to  their  own  use  any 
gain  or  emolument  for  negotiating  or 
transacting  any  business  connected  with 
the  duties  of  their  office  other  than  that 
allowed  by  law. 

Contracts  for  subsistence  supplies  for 
the  army  made  by  the  Commissary -Gen- 
eral, on  public  notice,  must  provide  for  a 
complete  delivery  of  such  articles,  on  in- 
spection, at  such  places  as  are  stipu- 
lated. 

No  contract  for  the  purchase  of  subsist- 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


171 


ence  supplies  can  be  made  to  exceed  the 
necessities  of  the  current  year. 

FORCE   IN  THE    OFFICE   OF  THE  COMMISSARY- 
GENERAL. 

Army   Officers. 

Commissary- General  of  Subsistence, 

with  rank  of  brigadier-general. .Army  Pay. 

2  commissaries  of  subsistence,  with 

rank  of  major  of  cavalry " 

1  commissary   of   subsistence,  with 

rank  of  captain  of  cavalry " 

Civilian   Employes. 

Per  Annum. 
1  chief  clerk $2000 

1  clerk 1800 

3  clerks,  each 1600 

3       "          "   1400 

10     "          "   1200 

2  "          "   1000 

1  nssistant  messenger 720 

2  watchmen,  each 720 

2  laborers,  each..... 660 

1  clerk  and  superintendent 1650 

5  enlisted  men  for  clerical  service. 


SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT. 

Employe's  at  the  military  posts,  depots, 
stations,  etc. : 

Per  Annum. 
,51  clerks,  with  compensation 

ranging  from $600  to  $1800 

8  storekeepers,  with  compensation 

rangingfrom 600  to  1620 

1  mechanic 1200 

1  "  720 

8  coopers,  with  compensation 

rangingfrom 720  to  900 

17  messengers,  with  compensation 

rangingfrom 180  to  900 

26  laborers,  with  compensation 

rangingfrom 420  to  1020 

6  watchmen,  with  compensation 

rangingfrom 360  to      600 


PAYMASTER-GENERAL.-PAY  DE- 
PARTMENT. 

DUTIES,  BUSINESS,  ETC. 

The  Paymaster-General  of  the  army 
performs  the  duties  of  his  office  under  the 
direction  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 

Officers   of   the    Pay  Department   are 
not  entitled,  by  virtue  of  their  rank,  to 
command  in  th< 
corps. 


line,  or  in  other  staff 


When  volunteers,  or  militia,  are  called 
into  the  service  of  the  United  States,  and 
the  officers  of  the  Paymaster's  Depart- 


ment are  not  deemed  by  the  President 
sufficient  for  the  punctual  payment  of 
the  troops,  he  may  appoint,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  and 
add  to  said  corps  as  many  paymasters,  to 
be  called  additional  paymasters,  with  the 
rank  of  major,  not  exceeding  one  for 
every  two  regiments  of  volunteers  or 
militia,  as  he  may  deem  necessary;  they 
to  be  retained  in  service  only  so  long  as 
they  may  be  required  for  the  payment  of 
volunteers  or  militia. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Deputy  Paymas- 
ters-General (of  which  there  are  two),  in 
addition  to  paying  the  troops,  to  super- 
intend the  payment  of  armies  in  the 
field. 

It  is  the  duty  of  Paymasters  and  addi- 
tional Paymasters  to  pay  the  regular 
troops  and  all  other  troops  in  the  service 
of  the  United  States,  when  required  to  do 
so  by  order  of  the  President. 

The  army  must  be  so  paid  that  the 
arrears  shall  at  no  time  exceed  two 
months,  unless  circumstances  shall 
render  further  arrears  unavoidable. 

Paymasters  and  additional  Paymasters 
are  allowed  a  capable  non-commissioned 
officer,  or  private,  as  clerk  ;  but  when 
they  are  not  procurable,  they  are  allowed, 
with  the  approbation  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  to  employ  citizens  as  clerks,  at  a 
salary  of  $1200  a  year  each. 

FORCE  IN  THE  PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

Army  Officers. 

Paymaster-General,   with     rank    of 

brigadier-general Army  Pay. 

4  paymasters,  with  rank  of  major...          " 


Civilian  Employes. 

Per  Annum. 

1  chief  clerk $2000 

1  clerk  and  superintendent 2050 

5  clerks,  each 1800 

6  "  "    1600 

12  "  "   1400 

9     "  "   1200 

3     "  "   1000 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

2  watchmen,  each 720 

3  laborers,  each 660 

1  enlisted  man  for  clerical  service. 


SURGEON-GENERAL.-MEDICAL  DE- 
PARTMENT. 

The  Surgeon -General  of  the  army  is 
charged  with  the  superintendence  and 
direction  of  all  military  hospitals,  and 
generally  of  all  medical  and  chirurgical 


172 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


practice  or  service  concerning  the  Army 
of  the  United  States,  and  of  all  persons 
employed  in  the  same,  in  camps,  garri- 
sons, and  hospitals. 

All  reports,  returns,  and  communica- 
tions connected  with  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment are  made  to  the  Surgeon-General's 
Office,  and  all  orders  and  instructions 
relative  to  the  duties  of  the  officers  of  the 
medical  staff  are  issued  through  the  Sur- 
geon-General. 

It  is  the  province  of  this  office  to  direct 
the  supply  to  hospitals  of  furniture, 
medicines,  stores,  and  everything  neces- 
sary for  the  comfort,  convenience,  and 
recovery  of  the  sick,  and  to  collect,  re- 
cord, preserve,  and  publish  the  medical 
statistics  of  the  army. 

The  Chief  Medical  Purveyor  has,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Surgeon-General, 
supervision  of  the  purchase  and  distribu- 
tion of  the  hospital  and  medical  supplies 
of  the  army. 

The  officers  of  the  Medical  Department 
must  unite  with  the  officers  of  the  line, 
under  such  rules  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  the  Secretary  of  War,  in  superintend- 
ing the  cooking  done  by  the  enlisted  men  -, 
and  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Surgeon-General 
to  promulgate  to  the  officers  of  the  Medi- 
cal Corps  such  regulations  and  instruc- 
tions as  may  tend  to  insure  the  proper 
preparation  of  the  ration  of  the  soldier. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Surgeon-General 
to  provide,  under  regulations  to  be  ap- 
proved by  the  Secretary  of  War,  such 
quantities  of  fresh  or  preserved  fruits, 
milk,  butter,  and  eggs  as  may  be  neces- 
sary for  the  proper  diet  of  the  sick  in 
hospitals ;  and  to  designate  such  style  of 
single  or  double  truss  to  be  furnished 
every  soldier  who  was  ruptured  while  in 
the  line  of  duty  as  may  be  best  suited  for 
his  disability. 

Application  for  such  truss  must  be 
made  by  the  ruptured  soldier  to  an  ex- 
amining surgeon  for  pensions,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  examine  the  applicant,  and 
when  found  to  have  a  rupture  or  hernia, 
to  prepare  and  forward  to  the  Surgeon- 
General  an  application  for  such  truss 
without  charge  to  the  soldier. 

One  hospital  steward  is  allowed  for 
each  military  post,  who  may  be  enlisted 
in  that  grade,  or  appointed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  from  the  enlisted  men  of  the 
army;  and  the  Secretary  of  War  may 
cause  to  be  enlisted,  or  appointed  from 
the  enlisted  men  of  the  army,  as  many 
hospital  stewards  as  the  service  may  re- 
quire. Hospital  stewards  must  be  graded 
in  first,  second,  and  third  classes. 


ARMY  MEDICAL  MUSEUM. 

This  institution,  which  forms  a  very 
interesting  and  valuable  portion  of  the 
Surgeon-General's  Office,  derived  its  ori- 
gin from  the  specimens  forwarded  by 
medical  officers,  in  obedience  to  a  circu- 
lar issued  by  the  Surgeon-General,  in 
May,  1862,  requiring  to  be  collected  and 
forwarded  to  the  office  of  the  Surgeon- 
General  <k  all  specimens  of  morbid  anat- 
omy, surgical  or  medical,  which  may  be 
regarded  as  valuable,  together  with  pro- 
jectiles, and  foreign  bodies  removed,  and 
such  other  matters  as  may  prove  of  in- 
terest in  the  study  of  military  medicine 
or  surgery." 

The  collection  is  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  valuable  of  the  kind  in  the  world. 
It  contains  also  many  archives  of  the 
Medical  Department.  From  these  and  the 
specimens  collected  has  been  compiled 
the  "  Medical  and  Surgical  History  of 
the  Rebellion,"  so  far  as  published, — a 
work  recognized  as  of  the  highest  scien- 
tific worth  in  Europe  and  in  this  country. 
Several  volumes  of  finely-executed  photo- 
graphs of  specimens  in  the  museum, 
illustrative  of  every  kind  of  surgical  in- 
jury, modes  of  repair,  and  results  ob- 
tained, have  been  distributed  among 
learned  societies  of  Europe,  and  exhibited 
at  international  exhibitions,  which  have 
received  high  commendations  from  men 
most  eminent  in  medical  and  surgical 
knowledge. 


FORCE  OF  THE  SURGEON-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

Army  Officers. 
Surgeon-General,     with      rank     of 

brigadier-general A rmy  Pay. 

1  assistant    surgeon-general,     with 

rank  of  colonel " 

1  chief  medical  purveyor,  with  rank 

of  colonel " 

3  surgeons,  with  rank  of  major " 

1  assistant   surgeon,   with    rank   of 

captain " 


Civilian  Employes. 

Per  Annum. 
1  chief  clerk S2000 

8  clerks,  each 1800 

6       "           "    1600 

9  "           "    1400 

106  "           "    1200 

14     "           «    1000 

1  anatomist  in  Army  Medical  Museum...  1600 

I  engineer 1400 

II  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

4  watchmen,  each 720 

40  clerks,  each 1000 

8  laborers,  each 660 

22  enlisted  men  for  clerical  service. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


173 


CHIEF  OF  ORDNANCE. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  CHIEF  AND  BUSINESS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance, 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary 
of  War,  to  organize  and  detail  to  regi- 
ments, corps,  or  garrisons,  such  num- 
bers of  ordnance  enlisted  men,  furnished 
with  proper  tools,  carriages,  and  appa- 
ratus, as  may  be  necessary,  and  to  make 
regulations  for  their  government.  It  is 
his  duty  to  furnish  estimates,  and,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to 
make  contracts  and  purchases,  for  procur- 
ing the  necessary  supplies  of  ordnance  and 
ordnance  stores  for  the  use  of  the  armies  of 
the  United  States ;  to  direct  the  inspection 
and  proving  of  the  same,  and  to  direct 
the  construction  of  all  cannon  and  car- 
riages, ammunition-wagons,  travelling- 
forges,  artificers'  wagons,  and  of  every 
implement  and  apparatus  for  ordnance, 
and  the  preparation  of  all  kinds  of 
ammunition  and  ordnance  stores  con- 
structed or  prepared  for  said  service. 

He  may  establish,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  War,  depots  of  ord- 
nance and  ordnance  stores  in  such  parts 
of  the  United  States,  and  in  such  num- 
bers, as  may  be  deemed  necessary. 

The  Chief  of  Ordnance,  or  the  senior 
officer  of  that  corps  for  any  district,  must 
execute  all  orders  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  and,  in  time  of  war,  the  orders  of 
any  general  or  field  officer  commanding 
an  army,  garrison,  or  detachment,  for 
the  supply  of  all  ordnance  and  ordnance 
stores  for  garrison,  field,  or  siege  service. 

He  must,  half-yearly,  or  oftener  if  so 
directed,  make  a  report  to  the  Secretary 
of  War  of  all  the  officers  and  enlisted 
men  in  his  department  of  the  service,  and 
of  all  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  under 
his  control. 

Every  officer  of  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment, every  ordnance  storekeeper,  every 
post  ordnance  sergeant,  each  keeper  of 
magazines,  arsenals,  and  armories,  every 
assistant  and  deputy  of  such,  and  all 
other  officers,  agents,  or  persons  who  shall 
have  received  or  who  may  have  been  in- 
trusted with  any  stores  or  supplies,  must 
quarterly,  or  oftener,  if  so  directed,  and 
in  such  manner  and  on  such  forms  as 
may  be  directed  or  prescribed  by  the 
Chief  of  Ordnance,  make  true  and  cor- 
rect returns  to  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  of 
all  ordnance  arms,  ordnance  stores,  and 
all  other  supplies  and  property  of  every 
kind  received  by  or  intrusted  to  them 
and  each  of  them,  or  which  may  in  any 


manner  come  into  their  and  each  of  their 
possession  or  charge. 

A  very  complete  system  of  rules,  regu- 
lations, and  forms,  covering  every  branch 
of  the  subject,  was  prepared  by  the  Chief 
of  Ordnance,  and  published  by  authority 
of  the  Secretary  of  War  in  May,  1877. 

The  Chief  of  Ordnance,  under  the  Sec- 
retary of  War,  is  charged  with  the  com- 
mand, administration,  and  government  of 
the  Ordnance  Department,  and  is  au- 
thorized to  issue  such  orders  and  direc- 
tions to  its  officers,  soldiers,  and  employes 
as  the  necessities  of  the  ordnance  service 
demand. 

He  is  also  charged  with  the  examina- 
tion and  settlement  of  the  property  ac- 
countability of  all  officers  or  other  persons 
in  the  military  establishment  to  whom 
ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  are  in- 
trusted. 

FORCE  OP  THE  ORDNANCE  OFFICE. 
Army  Officers. 

Chief  of  Ordnance,  with   rank  of 

brigadier-general Army  Pay. 

1  major  of  ordnance " 

Civilian  Employes. 

Per  Annum. 
1  chief  clerk $2000 

1  clerk 1800 

2  clerks,  each 1600 

2      "          "   1400 

6      "         "   1200 

2      "         "    1000 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer 660 

20  enlisted  men  for  clerical  service.... 


ORDNANCE  STATIONS. 

Ordnance  Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Ordnance  Board,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Ordnance  Agency,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

The  Proving  Ground,  Sandy  Hook, 
N.  J. 

The  Department  of  Ordnance  and  Gun- 
nery at  the  Military  Academy,  West 
Point,  N.  Y. 

Saint  Louis  Powder  Depot,  Jefferson 
Barracks,  Mo. 

National  Armory,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Augusta  Arsenal,  Augusta,  Ga. 

Benicia  Arsenal,  Benicia,  Cal. 

Fort  Monroe  Arsenal,  Fort  Monroe,  Va. 

Fort  Union  Arsenal,  Fort  Union,  N.  M. 

Frankford  Arsenal,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Indianapolis  Arsenal,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Kennebec  Arsenal,  Augusta,  Me, 

New  York  Arsenal,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Pikesville  Arsenal,  Pikesville,  Md. 

Rock  Island  Arsenal,  Rock  Island,  111. 


174 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


San  Antonio  Arsenal,  San  Antonio, 
Texas. 

Vancouver  Arsenal,  Vancouver,  Wash- 
ington Ty. 

Washington  Arsenal,  Washington,  D.C. 

Watertown  Arsenal,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 

Watervliet  Arsenal,  West  Troy,  N.  Y. 

ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT  AT  LARGE. 

There  are  employed  at  the  several  ord- 
nance stations  by  the  commanding  offi- 
cers thereof  a  large  number  of  civilian 
employes,  aggregating  about  500  persons, 
including  armorers,  clerks,  draughtsmen, 
machinists,  foremen,  mechanics,  engi- 
neers, firemen,  watchmen,  storekeepers, 
laborers,  teamsters,  etc.,  who  receive  the 
usual  yearly  pay  of  their  several  classes. 

CHIEF  OF  ENGINEERS  OF  THE  ARMY. 
-ENGINEER  CORPS. 

POWERS,  DUTIES,  AND  BUSINESS. 

The  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  army 
has  power  to  regulate  and  determine  the 
number,  quality,  form,  and  dimensions 
of  the  necessary  vehicles,  pontoons,  tools, 
implements,  arms,  and  other  supplies  for 
the  use  of  the  battalion  of  engineer  sol- 
diers. He  commands  the  Corps  of  Engi- 
neers, which  is  charged  with  all  duties 
relating  to  fortifications ;  with  torpedoes 
for  coast  defence ;  with  all  works,  offen- 
sive and  defensive ;  with  all  military 
bridges,  and  with  such  surveys  as  may 
be  required  for  these  objects,  or  the 
movements  of  armies  in  the  field.  It  is 
also  charged  with  river  and  harbor  im- 
provements ;  with  military  and  geo- 
graphical explorations  and  surveys  ;  with 
the  survey  of  the  lakes  ;  and  with  such 
other  engineer  work  as  may  be  assigned 
to  it  by  acts  of  Congress,  or  by  orders  of 
the  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Chief  of  Engineers  has  charge  of 
the  public  buildings  and  grounds  in  the 
District  of  Columbia,  under  such  regula- 
tions as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Presi- 
dent through  the  War  Department,  except 
those  which  are  otherwise  provided  for 
by  law. 

Another  officer  of  Engineers  is  desig- 
nated by  the  President  as  Commissioner 
of  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

The  following  force  is  employed  in  the 
office  of  and  about  the  Public  Buildings 
and  Grounds  at  Washington,  D.  C. : 

Per  Annum. 

1  clerk $1400 

1  messenger 840 


Per  Annum. 

1  gardener $1,600 

For  foreman  and  laborers  employed 24,000 

2  bridge-keepers,  each 720 

1  watchman,  Franklin  Square 660 

1  "  Lafayette      "      660 

2  watchmen,  Smithsonian  grounds,  each        660 
2  night  watchmen,  Smithsonian  grounds, 

each 720 

1  watchman,  Judiciary  Square 660 

1         «  Lincoln          "       660 

1  bridge-keeper,  Chain  Bridge 660 

1  watchman,  Iowa  Circle 660 

1         "  Fourteenth  Street  Circle...        660 

1         "  Rawlings,  McPherson,arm 

Farragut  Squares,   and  Washington 

Circle 660 

1  watchman,  Stanton  Place 660 

The  Chief  of  Engineers  has  immediate 
superintendence  of  the  Washington  Aque- 
duct, and  of  all  other  public  works  and 
improvements  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
in  which  the  government  has  an  interest, 
not  otherwise  specially  provided  for  by 
law.  He  must  keep  in  his  office  a  com- 
plete record  of  all  the  lands  and  other 
property  connected  with  or  belonging  to 
the  Washington  Aqueduct  and  other 
public  works  under  his  charge,  together 
with  accurate  plans  and  surveys  of  the 
public  grounds  and  reservations  in  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers 
to  submit  annually  the  following  reports 
to  the  Secretary  of  War : 

First.  A  report  of  his  operations  for 
the  preceding  year,  with  an  account  of 
the  manner  in' which  all  appropriations 
for  public  buildings  and  grounds  have 
been  applied,  including  a  statement  of 
the  number  of  public  lots  sold  or  remain- 
ing unsold  each  year,  of  the  condition  of 
the  public  buildings  and  grounds,  and  of 
the  measures  necessary  to  be  taken  for 
the  care  and  preservation  of  all  public 
property  under  his  charge. 

Second.  A  report  of  the  condition, 
progress,  repairs,  casualties,  and  expen- 
ditures of  the  Washington  Aqueduct  and 
other  public  works  under  his  charge. 

FORCE  IN  THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  CHIEF  ENGINEEU 

OF  THE  ARMY. 

Army  Officers. 
Chief  of  Engineers,  with  rank  of 

brigadier-general Army  Pay. 

1  lieutenant-colonel  of  engineers... 

1  major  of  engineers 

1  captain 

Civilian  Employes. 

Per  Annum. 

1  chief  clerk $2000 

1  clerk  and  superintendent 1850 

4  clerks,  each 1800 

1  clerk 1600 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


175 


Per  Annum. 
3  clerks,  each $1400 

3  "          "   1200 

1  clerk 1000 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

2  laborers,  each 660 

17  enlisted  men  for  clerical  service. 

WAR    DEPARTMENT   BUILDINGS. 

The  following  employes  are  authorized 
in  connection  with  the  heating,  watching, 
and  cleaning  of  the  several  War  Depart- 
ment buildings: 

Per  Anmnn. 
1   engineer $1200 

1  assistant  engineer 1000 

4  watchmen,  each 720 

2  laborers,        "    660 

5  watchmen,  Paymaster- General's,  each..     720 

1  conductor  of  elevator 720 

2  laborers,  Paymaster-General's,  each 660 

4  watchmen,  building  Seventeenth  and  F 

Streets,  each 720 

2  laborers,  building  Seventeenth  and  F 

Streets,  each 660 

12  charwomen,  new  building,  each 180 


THE  WASHINGTON  AQUEDUCT. 

In  charge  of  the  War  Department. 

The  distributing  reservoir  is  situated 
two  miles  from  Georgetown.  The  water- 
surface  of  the  reservoir  is  33  acres  ca- 
pacity, 150,000,000  gallons  at  depth  of 
11  feet.  From  this  point  the  water  is 
carried  by  iron  mains  into  the  city.  The 
aqueduct  terminates  here,  and  it  consists 
of  a  cylindrical  conduit,  of  9  feet  internal 
diameter,  constructed  of  stone  and  brick. 
It  is  laid  in  hydraulic  cement,  is  covered 
by  an  embankment  or  tunnelled  through 
the  hills,  is  carried  across  the  streams  by 
means  of  bridges,  and  has  a  fall  of  9£ 
inches  to  the  mile.  The  capacity  of  the 
conduit,  full,  is  80,000,000  gallons  every 
24  hours.  The  present  mains  carry  off 
30,000,000  gallons.  The  receiving  reser- 
voir is  a  natural  basin,  formed  by  an  em- 
bankment 65  feet  high,  across  Powder 
Mill  Creek.  It  has  a  surface  area  of  52 
acres,  greatest  depth  53  feet,  and  its 
capacity  is  163,000,000  gallons. 

CABIN-JOHN  BRIDGE. 

This  structure  spans  the  chasm  of 
Cabin-John  Creek,  to  facilitate  the  pas- 
sage of  the  aqueduct,  at  a  height  of  101 
feet.  The  bridge  is  20  feet  wide  and  420 
feet  long,  and  is  a  single  arch  of  220  feet, 
with  57£  feet  rise  from  the  springing  line, 
built  of  large  blocks  of  granite,  with 


Seneca  parapets  and  coping..     The  cost 
of  construction  was  $237,000. 

This  great  work  of  art  was  completed 
in  1858.  It  is  unequalled  in  the  history 
of  bridge-building,  and  is  the  largest  stone 
arch  in  the  world,  the  second  being  that 
of  Grosvenor  Bridge,  with  a  span  of  200 
feet,  which  crosses  the  river  Dee  in  Scot- 
land. One  mile  above  is  Mountain-Spring 
Brook,  crossed  by  an  elliptical  arch  of 
masonry,  75  feet  span.  The  bridge  is  200 
feet  long,  and  cost  $76,000.  The  aque- 
duct above  this  point  to  the  river  consists 
of  two  tunnels. 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  COMMISSION. 

This  Commission  was  established  by 
act  of  Congress,  June  28,  1879,  for  the 
improvement  of  navigation. 

It  consists  of  seven" members,  three  of 
whom  must  be  selected  from  the  Engineer 
Corps  of  the  army,  one  from  the  Coast 
and  Geodetic  Survey,  and  three  from 
civil  life,  two  of  whom  must  be  civil 
engineers.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  to  designate 
one  of  the  Commissioners  selected  from 
the  Engineer  Corps  to  be  President  of 
the  Commission.  The  Commissioners 
appointed  from  the  Engineer  Corps  of 
the  army  and  the  Coast  and  Geodetic 
Survey  receive  only  the  pay  of  their 
respective  positions  in  said  services,  and 
the  other  three  receive  $3000  per  annum 
each.  Their  tenure  of  office  depends 
upon  the  pleasure  of  the  President. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  COMMISSIONERS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Commissioners  to 
direct  and  complete  such  surveys  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  between  the  Head  of 
the  Passes,  near  its  mouth,  to  its  head- 
waters, as  were  in  progress  at  the  date  of 
the  establishment  of  the  Commission, 
and  to  make  such  additional  surveys, 
examinations,  and  investigations,  topo- 
graphical, hydrographical,  and  hydro- 
metrical,  of  said  river  and  its  tributaries 
as  may  be  deemed  by  them  necessary  to 
carry  out  the  objects  of  the  survey ;  to 
take  into  consideration  and  mature  such 
plans  and  estimates  as  will  correct,  per- 
manently locate,  and  deepen  the  channel, 
and  protect  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi 
River ;  improve,  and  give  safety  and  ease 
to  the  navigation  thereof;  prevent  de- 
structive floods ;  promote  and  facilitate 
commerce,  trade,  and  the  postal  service ; 
and  when  so  prepared  and  matured,  to 
submit  a  full  and  detailed  report  to  the 


176 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Secretary  of  War  of  their  proceedings 
and  actions,  and  of  such  plans,  with 
estimates  of  the  cost  thereof,  to  be  by 
him  transmitted  to  Congress. 

They  must  also  report  in  full  upon  the 
practicability,  feasibility,  and  probable 
cost  of  the  various  plans  known  as  the 
jetty  system,  the  levee  system,  and  the 
outlet  system,  as  well  as  upon  such  others 
as  they  deem  necessary. 

At  the  request  of  the  Commission  the 
Secretary  of  War  is  directed  to  detail 
from  the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  army, 
and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  from 
the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  such 
officers  and  men  as  may  be  necessary, 
and  to  place  in  their  charge  and  for  their 
use  such  vessels,  machinery,  and  instru- 
ments, under  their  control  respectively, 
as  may  be  necessary. 

The  Secretary  of  War  may  detail  an 
officer  of  engineers  to  act  as  Secretary  of 
the  Commission. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

The  Army  of  the  United  States  con- 
sists of  the  following : 

One  general. 

One  lieutenant-general. 

Three  major-generals. 

Six  brigadier-generals. 

Five  regiments  of  artillery. 

Ten  regiments  of  cavalry. 

Twenty-five  regiments  of  infantry. 

An  Adjutant-General's  Department. 

An  Inspector-General's  Department. 

A  Quartermaster's  Department. 

A  corps  of  engineers. 

A  battalion  of  engineer  soldiers. 

An  Ordnance  Department. 

The  enlisted  men  of  the  Ordnance  De- 
partment. 

The  Medical  Department. 

The  hospital  stewards  of  the  Medical 
Department. 

A  Pay  Department. 

A  chief  signal  officer. 

A  Bureau  of  Military  Justice. 

Eight  judge-advocates. 

Thirty  post  chaplains. 

Four  regimental  chaplains. 

An  ordnance  sergeant  and  a  hospital 
steward  for  each  military  post. 

One  band  stationed  at  the  Military 
Academy. 

A  force  of  Indian  scouts,  not  exceeding; 
1000. 

The  officers  of  the  army  on  the  retired 
list. 

The  professors  and  corps  of  cadets  at 


the  United  States  Military  Academy  at 
West  Point. 

The  offices  of  general  and  lieutenant- 
general  expire  with  the  present  incum- 
bents. 

Each  regiment  of  artillery  consists  of 
twelve  batteries,  one  colonel,  one  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, one  major  for  every  four 
batteries,  one  adjutant,  one  quartermaster 
and  commissary,  one  sergeant-major,  one 
quartermaster  sergeant,  one  chief  musi- 
cian, who  shall  be  instructor  of  music, 
and  two  principal  musicians. 

Each  battery  of  artillery  consists  of 
one  captain,  one  first  lieutenant,  one 
second  lieutenant,  one  first  sergeant,  one 
quartermaster  sergeant,  four  sergeants, 
four  corporals,  two  musicians,  two  arti- 
ficers, one  wagoner,  and  as  many  privates, 
not  exceeding  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
two,  as  the  President  may  direct.  And 
the  President  may  add  one  first  lieu- 
tenant, one  second  lieutenant,  two  ser- 
geants, and  four  corporals. 

One  battery  in  each  regiment  is 
equipped  as  light  artillery,  and  the 
President  may  so  equip  one  other  battery. 

Each  regiment  of  cavalry  consists  of 
twelve  troops,  one  colonel,  one  lieutenant- 
colonel,  three  majors,  one  surgeon,  one 
assistant  surgeon,  one  adjutant,  one 
quartermaster,  one  veterinary  surgeon, 
one  sergeant-major,  one  quartermaster 
sergeant,  one  saddler  sergeant,  one  chief 
musician,  and  one  trumpeter. 

Each  troop  of  cavalry  consists  of  one 
captain,  one  first  lieutenant,  one  second 
lieutenant,  one  first  sergeant,  one  quar- 
termaster sergeant,  five  sergeants,  four 
corporals,  two  trumpeters,  two  farriers, 
one  saddler,  one  wagoner,  and  such  num- 
ber of  privates,  not  exceeding  seventy- 
eight,  as  the  President  may  direct. 

The  enlisted  men  of  two  regiments  of 
calvary  are  colored  men. 

Each  regiment  of  infantry  consists  of 
ten  companies,  one  colonel,  one  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, one  major,  one  adjutant, 
one  quartermaster,  one  sergeant-major, 
one  quartermaster  sergeant,  one  chief, 
and  two  principal  musicians. 

Each  company  of  infantry  consists  of 
one  captain,  one  first  lieutenant,  one 
second  lieutenant,  one  first  sergeant,  one 
quartermaster  sergeant,  four  sergeants, 
four  corporals,  two  artificers,  two  musi- 
cians, one  wagoner,  and  fifty  privates, 
and  the  President  may  increase  the  num- 
ber of  privates  to  one  hundred  in  emer- 
gencies. * 

The  enlisted  men  of  two  regiments  of 
infantry  are  colored  men. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


177 


There  is  one  band  for  the  army,  con- 
sisting of  one  leader  and  twenty-four 
musicians,  which  is  ordinarily  stationed 
at  the  West  Point  Military  Academy. 

Two  regiments  of  infantry  or  of  cav- 
alry constitute  a  brigade,  commanded  by 
a  brigadier-general ;  two  brigades  consti- 
tute a  division,  commanded  by  a  major- 
general  ;  but  it  is  in  the  discretion  of  the 
commanding  general  to  vary  this  dispo- 
sition. 

The  army  is  limited  by  general  statute 
to  30,000  enlisted  men,  and  at  this  time 
it  numbers  only  25,000,  including  Indian 
scouts  and  hospital  stewards  ;  the  act  of 
June  18,  1878,  prohibiting  the  use  of  the 
appropriations  thereby  made  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  army  to  recruit  a  larger 
number. 

Enlistments  are  for  five  years. 

There  is  a  chaplain  for  each  regiment 
of  colored  troops,  and  thirty  post  chap- 
lains. They  have  the  rank  of  captain 
of  infantry  without  command.  Chap- 
lains act  as  school-teachers  as  well  as 
clergymen. 


ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 

This  corps  consist  of  one  Adjutant- 
General,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen- 
eral 5  two  Assistant  Adjutants-General, 
with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry ;  four 
Assistant  Adjutants-General,  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry  ; 
and  thirteen  Assistant  Adjutants-Gen- 
eral, with  the  rank  of  major  of  cavalry. 


CORPS  OF  INSPECTORS-GENERAL. 

There  are  five  Inspectors-General,  with 
the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry ;  one 
Assistant  Inspector-General,  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry  ; 
and  two  Assistant  Inspectors-General, 
with  the  rank  of  major  of  cavalry. 


QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

This  corps  consists  of  one  Quartermas- 
ter-General, with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general  ;  six  Assistant  Quartermasters- 
General,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  of 
cavalry ;  ten  Deputy  Quartermasters- 
General,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-col- 
onel ;  twelve  Quartermasters,  with  the 
rank  of  major;  thirty  Assistant  Quarter- 
masters, with  the  rank  of  captain  ;  and 
sixteen  Military  Storekeepers,  with  the 
rank  of  captain. 


SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT. 

This  corps  consists  of  one  Commissary- 
General,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen- 
eral 5  two  Assistant  Commissaries  of 
Subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  of 
cavalry ;  two  Assistant  Commissaries  of 
Subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  ;  eight  Commissaries  of  Subsist- 
ence, with  the  rank  of  major ;  and  six- 
teen Commissaries  of  Subsistence,  with 
the  rank  of  captain. 

The  ration  consists  of  one  pound  and  a 
quarter  of  beef,  or  three-quarters  of  a 
pound  of  pork,  eighteen  ounces  of  bread 
or  flour,  and  at  the  rate  of  ten  pounds  of 
coffee,  fifteen  pounds  of  sugar,  two  quarts 
of  salt,  four  quarts  of  vinegar,  four  ounces 
of  pepper,  four  pounds  of  soap,  and  one 
pound  and  a  half  of  candles  to  every 
hundred  rations. 

CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS. 

This  corps  consists  of  one  Chief  of 
Engineers,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general,  six  Colonels,  twelve  Lieutenant- 
Colonels,  twenty-four  Majors,  thirty  Cap- 
tains, twenty-six  First  Lieutenants,  and 
ten  Second  Lieutenants,  and  a  battalion 
of  Engineers. 

The  battalion  of  Engineers  consists 
of  five  companies,  one  quartermaster  ser- 
geant, and  one  sergeant-major. 

Each  company  of  Engineers  consists  of 
ten  sergeants,  ten  corporals,  two  musi- 
cians, and  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight 
privates. 

The  enlisted  men  of  the  Engineer  bat- 
talion are  required  to  perform  the  duties 
of  sappers,  miners,  and  pontoniers,  and 
may  be  detailed  to  oversee  laborers  upon 
fortifications  and  other  works. 

CORPS  OF  ORDNANCE. 

This  corps  consists  of  one  Chief  of 
Ordnance,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general,  three  Colonels,  four  Lieutenant- 
Colonels,  ten  Majors,  twenty  Captains, 
sixteen  First  Lieutenants,  and  ten  Ord- 
nance Storekeepers  ;  one  with  the  rank 
of  major  of  cavalry,  and  nine  with  the 
rank  of  captain.  As  many  sergeants, 
corporals,  and  privates  of  Ordnance  are 
allowed  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  di- 
rect. 


MEDICAL   CORPS. 


This  corps   consists  of  one   Surgeon- 
General,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-geu- 


12 


178 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


eral ;  one  Assistant  Surgeon-General, 
with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry ;  one 
Chief  Purveyor,  and  four  Assistant  Pur- 
veyors with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-col- 
onel ;  sixty  Surgeons,  with  the  rank  of 
major  ;  one  hundred  and  fifty  Assistant 
Surgeons,  with  the  rank  of  first  lieu- 
tenant for  the  first  three  years  of  service, 
and  thereafter  with  the  rank  of  captain  ; 
and  five  Medical  Storekeepers,  with  the 
rank  of  captain  of  cavalry. 

PAY  DEPARTMENT. 

This  department  consists  of  one  Pay- 
master-General, with  the  rank  of  colonel ; 
two  Assistant  Paymasters-General,  with 
the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry ;  two 
Deputy  Paymasters-General,  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel ;  and  fifty  Pay- 
masters, with  the  rank  of  major. 

The  army  is  paid  once  in  two  months. 

SIGNAL  SERVICE. 

The  head  of  this  service  is  the  Chief 
Signal  Officer,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

BUREAU  OF  MILITARY  JUSTICE. 

This  consists  of  one  Judge-Advocate- 
General,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen- 
eral ;  one  Assistant  Judge-Advocate-Gen- 
eral, with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry  ; 
and  eight  Judge-Advocates,  with  the 
rank  of  major. 

The  Chiefs  of  the  several  Departments 
and  Corps  aforementioned  exercise  their 
powers  subject  to  the  supervision  and 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 

No  person  who  has  served  in  any  ca- 
pacity in  the  military,  naval,  or  civi] 
service  of  the  so-called  Confederate  States 
or  of  either  of  the  States  in  insurrection 
during  the  Rebellion  of  1861,  can  be  ap- 
pointed to  any  position  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States. 

All  officers  who  served  during  the 
Rebellion  as  volunteers  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States,  honorably  mustered 
out  of  the  service,  are  entitled  to  bear 
the  official  title,  and  upon  occasions  of 
ceremony  to  wear  the  uniform  of  th 
highest  grade  they  held,  by  brevet  or 
other  commissions,  in  the  volunteer  ser 
vice. 

The  use  by  officers  of  private  soldiers 
as  servants  is  prohibited  by  law. 


Four  women    to    each    company  are 
allowed  as  laundresses. 


RETIREMENT. 

An  officer  who  has  served  thirty  years 
may  on  his  own  application,  in  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  President,  be  placed  on  the 
retired  list.  One  who  has  served  forty- 
ive  years,  or  is  sixty-two  yea^s  old,  may 
DC  retired  from  active  service  in  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  President. 

The  army  is  governed  by  what  are 
called  Articles  of  War,  one  hundred  and 
;wenty-eight  in  number,  prescribed  by 
act  of  Congress.  They  are  read  to  every 
enlisted  man  at  the  time  of  his  enlist- 
ment, and  must  be  read  to  every  regi- 
ment once  in  six  months.  Every  officer 
must  subscribe  to  these  rules  and  articles 
before  entering  on  duty. 

MILITAKY  ACADEMY  AT  WEST  POINT, 
NEW  YORK. 

One  Superintendent ;  one  Commandant 
of  Cadets  ;  one  Senior  Instructor  in  the 
Tactics  each  of  Artillery,  of  Cavalry, 
and  of  Infantry ;  one  Professor  and  one 
Assistant  Professor  of  Civil  and  Military 
Engineering ;  one  Professor  and  one  As- 
sistant Professor  of  Natural  and  Experi- 
mental Philosophy ;  one  Professor  and 
one  Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics  ; 
one  Chaplain,  who  is  also  a  Professor  of 
History,  Geography,  and  Ethics,  and  one 
Assistant  Professor  of  the  same ;  one 
Professor  and  one  Assistant  Professor  of 
Chemistry,  Mineralogy,  and  Geology ;  one 
Professor  and  one  Assistant  Professor  of 
Drawing  ;  one  Professor  and  one  Assist- 
ant Professor  each  of  the  French  and 
Spanish  Languages  ;  one  Adjutant ;  one 
Master  of  Sword ;  and  one  Teacher  of 
Music. 

The  Superintendent  and  Commandant 
of  Cadets,  while  serving  as  such,  rank 
respectively  as  colonel  and  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  engineers. 

APPOINTMENT     AND     ADMISSION    OF 
CADETS. 

APPOINTMENTS. 

Each  Congressional  District  and  Terri- 
tory— also  the  District  of  Columbia — is 
entitled  to  have  one  Cadet  at  the  United 
States  Military  Academy.  Ten  are  also 
appointed  at  large.  The  appointments 
(excepting  those  at  large]  are  made  by 
the  Secretary  of  War,  at  the  request  of 
the  Representative,  or  Delegate,  in  Con- 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


179 


gress  from  the  District  or  Territory ;  and 
the  person  appointed  must  be  an  actual 
resident  of  the  District  or  Territory  from 
which  the  appointment  is  made.  The 
appointments  at  large  are  specially  con- 
ferred by  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 

Manner  of  making  Applications. 

Applications  can  at  any  time  be  made, 
by  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  have 
the  name  of  the  applicant  placed  upon 
the  register,  that  it  may  be  furnished  to 
the  proper  Representative,  or  Delegate, 
when  a  vacancy  occurs.  The  application 
must  exhibit  the  full  name,  exact  age, 
and  permanent  abode  of  the  applicant, 
with  the  number  of  the  Congressional 
District  in  which  his  residence  is  situ- 
ated. 

Date  of  Appointment. 

Appointments  are  required  by  law  to 
be  made  one  year  in  advance  of  the  date 
of  admission,  except  in  cases  where,  by 
reason  of  death  or  other  cause,  a  vacancy 
occurs  which  cannot  be  provided  for  by 
such  appointment  in  advance.  These 
vacancies  are  filled  in  time  for  the  next 
annual  examination. 

ALTERNATES. 

Should  the  Representative,  or  Delegate, 
in  Congress  have  reason  to  doubt  the  suc- 
cess of  his  nominee  in  passing  the  enter- 
ing examination,  he  can  nominate  a 
legally  qualified  alternate.  The  alternate 
will  be  examined  with  the  regular  nomi- 
nee, and  admitted  in  the  event  of  his  suc- 
cess and  the  latter' s  failure  to  pass  the 
prescribed  preliminary  examinations. 

Like  the  nominee,  the  alternate  should 
be  designated  as  nearly  one  year  in  ad- 
vance of  date  of  admission  as  practicable. 

QUALIFICATIONS. 

The  age  for  the  admission  of  Cadets  to 
the  Academy  is  between  sevenieen  and 
twenty-two  years.  Candidates  must  be 
at  least  five  feet  in  height,  and  free  from 
any  infectious  or  immoral  disorder,  and, 
generally,  from  any  deformity,  disease, 
or  infirmity  which  may  render  them  unfit 
for  military  service.  They  must  be  well 
versed  in  reading,  in  writing,  including 
orthography,  and  in  arithmetic,  and  have 
a  knowledge  of  the  elements  of  English 
grammar,  of  descriptive  geography,  par- 
ticularly of  our  own  country,  and  of  the 
history  of  the  United  States. 


Each  Cadet  upon  his  admission  shall 
take  the  oath  of  office  prescribed  by  act 
of  Congress  of  July  2,  1862,  and  before 
receiving  his  warrant  shall,  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  Superintendent,  or  some 
officer  deputed  by  him,  subscribe  to  an 
engagement  to  serve  eight  years,  unless 
sooner  discharged,  which  includes  four 
years  at  the  Academy  and  four  in  the 
army  after  graduation  ;  but  in  time  of 
peace  they  are  allowed  to  resign  upon 
graduation. 

CHARACTER  OP  EXAMINATIONS. 
Physical  Examination. 

NOTE. — It  is  suggested  to  all  candidates  for 
admission  into  the  Military  Academy  that,  be- 
fore leaving  their  places  of  residence  for  West 
Point,  they  should  cause  themselves  to  bo 
thoroughly  examined  by  a  competent  phy- 
sician, and  by  a  teacher  or  instructor  in  good 
standing.  By  such  an  examination  any  serious 
physical  disqualification  or  deficiency  in  mental 
preparation  would  be  revealed,  and  the  candi- 
date probably  spared  the  expense  and  trouble 
of  a  useless  journey,  and  the  mortification  of 
rejection. 

It  should  be  understood  that  the  informal 
examination  herein  recommended  is  solely  for 
the  convenience  and  benefit  of  the  candidate 
himself,  and  can  in  no  manner  affect  the  de- 
cision of  the  Academic  and  Medical  Examining 
Boards  at  West  Point. 

There  being  no  provision  whatever  for  the 
payment  of  the  travelling  expenses  of  either  ac- 
cepted or  rejected  candidates  for  admission,  no 
candidate  should  fail  to  provide  himself  in  ad- 
vance with  the  means  of  returning  to  his  home 
in  case  of  his  rejection  before  either  of  the  Ex- 
amining Boards,  as  he  may  otherwise  be  put 
to  considerable  trouble,  inconvenience,  and 
even  suffering  on  account  of  his  destitute  situa- 
tion. If  admitted,  the  money  brought  by  him 
to  meet  such  a  contingency  can  be  deposited 
with  the  Treasurer  on  account  of  his  equipment 
as  a  cadet,  or  returned  to  his  friends.  . 

Every  candidate  is,  soon  after  his 
arrival  at  West  Point,  subjected  to  a 
rigid  physical  examination  by  an  ex- 
perienced Medical  Board,  and  if  there  is 
found  to  exist  in  him  any  of  the  follow- 
ing causes  of  disqualification,  to  such  a 
degree  as  would  immediately  or  at  no 
very  distant  period  impair  his  efficiency, 
he  is  rejected  : 

1.  Feeble   constitution    and    muscular 
tenuity  ;  unsound  health,  from  whatever 
cause ;    indications   of    former    disease  ; 
glandular  swellings,  or  other  symptoms 
of  scrofula. 

2.  Chronic  cutaneous  affections,  espe- 
cially of  the  scalp. 

3.  Severe  injuries  of  the  bones  of  the 
lead  5  convulsions. 


180 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


4.  Impaired    vision,    from     whatever 
cause ;    inflammatory   affections    of    the 
eyelids ;    immobility    or    irregularity  of 
the  iris  ;  fistula,  lachrymalis,  etc.,  etc. 

5.  Deafness  ;    copious  discharge    from 
the  ears. 

6.  Loss   of  many  teeth,  or  the  teeth 
generally  unsound. 

7.  Impediment  of  speech. 

8.  Want  of  due  capacity  of  the  chest, 
and  any  other  indication  of  a  liability  to 
a  pulmonic  disease. 

9.  Impaired  or  inadequate  efficiency  of 
one  or  both  of  the  superior  extremities 
on  account  of  fractures,  especially  of  the 
clavicle,  contraction  of  a  joint,  extenua- 
tion, deformity,  etc.,  etc. 

10.  An  unusual  excurvature  or  incur- 
vature of  the  spine. 

11.  Hernia. 

12.  A  varicose  state  of  the  veins  of  the 
scrotum  or  spermatic  cord  (when  large), 
sarcocele,  hydrocele,   hemorrhoids,  fistu- 
las. 

13.  Impaired  or  inadequate  efficiency 
of  one  or  both  of  the  inferior  extremities 
on  account  of  varicose  veins,  fractures, 
malformation  (flat    feet,  etc.),  lameness, 
contraction,    unequal     length,    bunions, 
overlying  or  supernumerary  toes,  etc.,  etc. 

14.  Ulcers,  or  unsound    cicatrices    of 
ulcers  likely  to  break  out  afresh. 

The  newly-appointed  Cadets  are  then 
examined  by  the  Academic  Board,  and 
those  not  properly  qualified  are  rejected. 

Academical    Examination. 
Heading. 

In  Reading,  candidates  must  be  able 
to  read  understandingly,  and  with  proper 
accent  and  emphasis. 

Writing  and   Orthography. 

In  Writing  and  Orthography,  they 
must  be  able  to  write,  from  dictation, 
sentences  from  standard  pieces  of  English 
literature,  both  prose  and  poetry. 

Arithmetic. 

In  Arithmetic,  they  must  be  able — 
1st.  To  explain,  accurately  and  clearly, 
its  objects,  and  the  manner  of  writing  and 
reading   numbers  —  entire  —  fractional — 
compound,  or  denominate. 

2d.  To  perform  with  facility  and  ac- 
curacy the  various  operations  of  addition 
— subtraction — multiplication  and  divi- 
sion of  whole  numbers,  abstract  and  com- 
pound or  denominate,  giving  the  rule  for 
each  operation,  with  its  reasons,  and  also 


for  the  different  methods  of  proving  the 
accuracy  of  the  work. 

3d.  To  explain  the  meaning  of  reduc- 
tion— its  different  kinds — its  application 
to  denominate  numbers  in  reducing  them 
from  a  higher  to  a  lower  denomination 
and  the  reverse,  and  to  equivalent  deci- 
mals ;  to  give  the  rule  for  each  case,  with 
its  reasons,  and  to  apply  readily  these 
rules  to  practical  examples  of  each  kind. 

4th.  To  explain  the  nature  of  prime 
numbers,  and  factors  of  a  number — of  a 
common  divisor  of  two  or  more  numbers, 
particularly  of  their  greatest  common  di- 
visor— with  its  use,  and  to  give  the  rule, 
with  its  reasons,  for  obtaining  it ;  also  the 
meaning  of  a  common  multiple  of  several 
numbers,  particularly  of  their  least  com- 
mon multiple,  and  its  use,  and  to  give  the 
rule,  with  its  reasons,  for  obtaining  it, 
and  to  apply  each  of  these  rules  to  ex- 
amples. 

5th.  To  explain  the  nature  of  fractions, 
common  or  vulgar,  and  decimal — to  define 
the  various  kinds  of  fractions,  with  the 
distinguishing  properties  of  each — to  give 
to  all  the  rules  for  their  reduction  ;  par- 
ticularly from  mixed  to  improper  and  the 
reverse — from  compound  or  complex  to 
simple — to  their  lowest  terms — to  a  com- 
mon denominator — from  common  to  deci- 
mal and  the  reverse  ;  for  their  addition 
— -subtraction — multiplication,  and  divi- 
sion, with  the  reason  for  each  change  of 
rule,  and  to  apply  each  rule  to  examples. 

6th.  To  define  the  terms  ratio  and  pro- 
portion— to  give  the  properties  of  propor- 
tion and  the  rules,  and  their  reasons, 
for  stating  and  solving  questions  in  both 
simple  and  compound  proportion,  or 
single  and  double  rule  of  three,  and  to 
apply  these  rules  to  examples. 

7th.  The  candidates  must  not  only 
know  the  principles  and  rules  referred  to 
above,  but  they  are  required  to  possess 
such  a  thorough  understanding  of  all  the 
fundamental  operations  of  arithmetic  as 
will  enable  them  to  combine  the  various 
principles  in  the  solution  of  any  complex 
problem  which  can  be  solved  by  the 
methods  of  arithmetic.  In  other  words, 
they  must  possess  such  a  complete  knowl- 
edge of  arithmetic  as  will  enable  them  to 
take  up  at  once  the  higher  branches  of 
mathematics  without  further  study  of 
arithmetic. 

8th.  It  is  to  be  understood  that  the 
examination  in  these  branches  may  be 
either  written  or  oral,  or  partly  written 
and  partly  oral ;  that  the  definitions  and 
rules  must  be  given  fully  and  accurately, 
and  that  the  work  of  all  examples, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


181 


whether  upon  the  blackboard,  slate,  or 
paper,  must  be  written  plainly  and  in 
full,  and  in  such  a  manner  as  to  show 
clearly  the  mode  of  solution. 

Grammar. 

In  English  Grammar,  candidates  must 
exhibit  a  familiarity  with  all  the  parts  of 
speech,  and  the  rules  in  relation  thereto  ; 
must  be  able  to  parse  any  ordinary  sen- 
tence given  to  them,  and,  generally,  must 
understand  those  portions  of  the  subject 
usually  taught  and  comprehended  under 
the  heads  of  Orthography,  Etymology, 
Syntax,  and  Prosody. 

The  examination  will  be  either  written 
or  oral,  or  partly  written  and  partly  oral. 
The  questions  will  usually  be  arranged 
in  three  divisions.  The  first  division  will 
contain  questions  somewhat  like  these  : 

"  Name  all  the  different  kinds  of  Verbs, 
and  give  examples  of  each."  "  What  is 
a  Pronoun?"  "  Write  a  short  sentence, 
using  a  personal,  a  relative,  and  an  interro- 
gative Pronoun,  and  specify  each." 

The  second  division  will  contain  one  or 
more  sentences  to  be  parsed,  e.  g. : 

"  Many  would  gladly  exchange  their 
honors  for  that  more  quiet  and  humble 
station  with  which  thou  art  now  dissatis- 
fied" Such  a  sentence  must  be  parsed 
fully,  giving  the  part  of  speech,  and  kind, 
case,  voice,  mood,  tense,  number,  person, 
degree  of  comparison,  etc.,  as  the  case 
may  be,  of  each  word,  and  its  relation  to 
the  other  words. 

Composition. 

The  third  division  will  contain  a  large 
number  of  incorrect  sentences  to  be  cor- 
rected, thus : 

"  To  these  precepts  are  subjoined  a 
copious  selection  of  rules."  "  Which  of 
the  two  is  the  eldest  F '  Among  these,  cor- 
rect sentences  will  sometimes  be  intro- 
duced, to  more  thoroughly  test  the 
knowledge  of  the  candidate. 

Geography. 

Candidates  will  be  required  to  pass  a 
satisfactory  examination,  written  or  oral, 
or  both,  in  Descriptive  Geography,  par- 
ticularly of  our  own  country.  To  give  a 
candidate  a  clear  idea  of  what  is  required, 
the  following  synopsis  is  added  as  a  type 
of  the  character  and  extent  of  the  exami- 
nation: 

1st.  Definitions  of  all  the  natural  divi- 
sions of  the  earth's  surface,  such  as  zones, 
Miose  relating  to  latitude  and  longitude, 


etc.,  are  to  be  clearly  and  concisely 
given. 

2d.  The  Eastern  and  Western  Hemi- 
spheres : 

Their  grand  divisions,  what  large 
bodies  of  water  partly  or  wholly  surround 
them?  Their  oceans  and  their  loca- 
tions ; 

The  mountains,  their  locations,  direc- 
tions, and  extent ;  the  capes,  from  what 
parts  do  they  project,  and  into  what, 
waters  ? 

The  peninsulas,  their  locations,  and  by 
what  waters  are  they  embraced  ? 

The  parts  connected  by  an  isthmus,  its 
name  and  location ; 

The  islands,  their  locations  and  sur- 
rounding Welters  ; 

The  seas,  gulfs,  and  bays,  the  coasts 
they  indent,  and  to  what  other  waters 
are  they  subordinate  ? 

The  straits,  the  lands  they  separate, 
and  the  waters  they  connect ; 

The  rivers,  their  sources,  directions  of 
flow,  and  the  waters  into  which  they 
empty  j 

The  lakes,  their  location  and  extent. 

3d.  The  subdivisions  of  the  grand  di- 
visions : 

Their  names,  locations,  boundaries, 
and  capitals ;  general  questions  of  the 
same  character  as  indicated  in  the  second 
section,  made  applicable  to  each  of  the 
countries  of  each  of  the  grand  divisions. 

4th.  The  United  States. 

The  knowledge  under  this  head  cannot 
be  too  full  or  specific.  The  candidate 
should  be  thoroughly  informed  as  to  its 
general  features,  location,  configuration, 
and  boundaries  (both  with  respect  to 
neighboring  countries,  and  latitude  and 
longitude)  ;  its  adjacent  oceans,  seas, 
bays,  gulfs,  sounds,  straits,  and  islands ; 
its  mountain  ranges,  their  location  and 
extent ;  the  sources,  directions,  and  ter- 
minations of  the  important  rivers  and 
their  principal  tributaries,  the  lakes,  and, 
in  short,  every  geographical  feature  of 
the  country,  as  indicated  above.  The 
location  and  termination  of  important 
railroad  lines  and  other  means  of  com- 
munication from  one  part  of  the  country 
to  another  should  not  be  omitted. 

The  States  and  Territories  are  to  be 
accurately  located  with  respect  to  each 
other  by  their  boundaries,  and  as  to  their 
order  on  the  Atlantic  Coast,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  on  the 
Northern  frontier,  on  the  Mexican  fron- 
tier, and  on  the  Mississippi,  Missouri, 
and  Ohio  Rivers. 

The  boundary  and  other  rivers  of  each 


182 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


State,  as  well  as  all  other  prominent  geo- 
graphical features,  should  be  known. 

Ihe  name  and  locations  of  their  capi- 
tals, and  other  important  cities  and  towns, 
are  likewise  to  be  known. 


ffist< 


>ry. 


The  candidate  should  make  himself 
familiar  with  so  much  of  the  History  of 
the  United  States  as  is  contained  in  the 
ordinary  school  histories.  The  examina- 
tion may  be  written  or  oral,  or  partly 
written  and  partly  oral,  and  will  usually 
consist  of  a  series  of  questions  similar  to 
the  following: 

I.  Name  the  earliest  European  settle- 
ments within  the  present  limits  of  the 
United    States — when,  where,    and    by 
whom  made?     When  did  the  settlements 
made  by  other  nations  than  the  English 
come     under    the    Dominion    of    Great 
Britain  and  of  the  United  States  ? 

II.  What  was  the  difference  between 
the  Royal,  the  Chartered,  and  the  Pro- 
prietary colonies?     How  many  colonies 
were   there  originally  in   Massachusetts 
and  Connecticut?    when  were  they  uni- 
ted ?    How  many  in  Pennsylvania  ?  when 
were  they  separated  ? 

III.  In  what  wars  were  the  colonies 
engaged  before  the  Revolution?     What 
were  the  principal  events  and  results  of 
those    of  King   William,    Queen   Anne, 
King  George,  and   the  French   and  In- 
dian ? 

IV.  What  were  the  remote  and  the  im- 
mediate causes  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion?    Explain  the  Navigation  Act,  the 
Stamp  Act,  Writs  of  Assistance.     When 
did  the  War  of  the  Revolution  properly 
begin  ?  when,  where,  and  how  did  it  end  ? 
Give  the  particulars  of  Arnold's  treason. 
Who  were  the  most  prominent  generals 
in  this  war?     Name  the  most  important 
battles,  and  their  results. 

V.  The   Constitution   of   the    United 
States — why   and  when  was  it   formed  ? 
when  was  it  adopted  ? 

VI.  Give  the  names  of  the  Presidents 
of  the  United  States  in  their  order.     Give 
the  leading  events  of  the  administration 
of  each  one  ;  for  example,  that  of 

WASHINGTON,  e.g. — Indian  war  ;  trouble 
with  France  ;  Jay's  treaty  ;  the  whiskey 
rebellion,  etc. 

JEFFERSON. — War  with  Tripoli ;  pur- 
chase of  Louisiana ;  the  embargo,  etc. 

MADISON. — War  of  1812;  its  causes ; 
the  principal  battles  on  land  and  sea  ; 
peculiarity  of  its  last  battle,  when  ended, 
etc. 


MONROE. — Indian  war  ;  cession  of 
Florida ;  Missouri  compromise,  etc. 

JACKSON. — Black  Hawk  and  Seminole 
wars  j  the  United  States  Bank  :  nullifica- 
tion, etc. 

POLK. — The  Mexican  war  ;  its  causes  ; 
principal  battles  ;  results  of  it,  etc. 

PIERCE. — Repeal  of  Missouri  compro- 
mise ;  troubles  in  Kansas,  etc. 

BUCHANAN.— Civil  war;  how  begun, 
etc. 

LINCOLN. — Principal  battles  of  that 
war  ;  its  results,  social  and  political. 

ADMISSION  OF  CADETS. 

Those  candidates  who  have  successfully 
passed  both  the  physical  and  academical 
examinations  are  admitted  as  Cadets, 
subject  to  the  result  of  the  examination 
in  the  following  January. 

ACADEMIC  DUTIES. 

The  academic  duties  and  exercises 
commence  on  the  1st  of  September,  and 
continue  until  about  the  last  of  June. 
Examinations  of  the  several  classes  are 
held  in  January  and  June,  and,  at  the 
former,  such  of  the  new  Cadets  as  are  found 
proficient  in  studies,  and  have  been  cor- 
rect in  conduct,  are  given  the  particular 
standing  in  their  class  to  which  their 
merits  entitle  them.  After  either  exami- 
nation, Cadets  found  deficient  in  conduct 
or  studies  are  discharged  from  the  Acad- 
emy, unless,  for  special  reasons  in  each 
case,  the  Academic  Board  should  other- 
wise recommend.  Similar  examinations 
are  held  every  January  and  June  during 
the  four  years  comprising  the  course  of 
studies. 

These  examinations  are  very  thorough, 
and  require  from  the  Cadet  a  close  and 
persevering  attention  to  study,  without 
evasion  or  slighting  of  any  part  of  the 
course,  as  no  relaxations  of  any  kind  can 
be  made  by  the  examiners. 

Military  Instruction. 

During  the  months  of  July  and  August 
the  Cadets  live  in  camp,  engaged  only  in 
military  duties  and  exercises,  and  receiv- 
ing practical  military  instruction. 

PAY  OP  CADETS. 

The  pay  of  a  Cadet  is  $540  per  year,  to 
commence  with  his  admission  into  the 
Academy,  and  is  sufficient,  with  proper 
economy,  for  his  support.  No  Cadet  is 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


J83 


permitted  to  receive  money,  or  any  other 
supplies,  from  his  parents,  or  from  any 
person  whomsoever,  without  the  sanction 
of  the  Superintendent. 

Each  Cadet  must  keep  himself  supplied 
with  the  following-mentioned  articles, 
viz. : 

One  gray  cloth  coatee  ;  one  gray  cloth 
riding-jacket ;  one  regulation  great-coat ; 
two  pairs  of  gray  cloth  pantaloons,  for 
winter  ;  six  pairs  of  drilling  pantaloons, 
for  summer ;  one  fatigue-jacket,  for  the 
encampment ;  one  black  dress-cap  ;  one 
forage-cap  ;  one  black  stock  ;  two  pairs 
of  ankle-boots ;  six  pairs  of  white  gloves  ; 
two  sets  of  white  belts ;  *seven  shirts ; 
twelve  collars  ;  *six  pairs  winter  socks  : 
*six  pairs  summer  socks ;  *four  pairs 
summer  drawers;  *three  pairs  winter 
drawers ;  *six  pocket-handkerchiefs ; 
*six  towels  5  one  clothes-bag,  made  of 
ticking ;  *one  clothes-brush ;  *one  hair- 
brush ;  *one  tooth-brush ;  *one  comb ; 
one  mattress;  one  pillow;  two  pillow- 
cases ;  *two  pairs  sheets ;  one  pair 
blankets  ;  one  quilted  bed-cover ;  one 
chair ;  one  tumbler ;  *one  trunk  ;  one 
account-book ;  and  will  unite  with  his 
room-mate  in  purchasing,  for  their  com- 
mon use,  one  looking-glass,  one  wash- 
stand,  one  wash-basin,  one  pail,  and  one 
broom,  and  shall  be  required  to  have  one 
table,  of  the  pattern  that  may  be  pre- 
scribed by  the  Superintendent. 

The  articles  marked  thus  *  candidates 
are  required  to  bring  with  them ;  the 
others  are  to  be  had  at  West  Point  at 
regulated  prices  ;  and  it  is  better  for  a 
candidate  to  take  with  him  as  little  cloth- 
ing of  any  description  as  is  possible  (ex- 
cepting what  is  marked),  and  no  more 
money  than  will  defray  his  travelling 
expenses  :  but  for  the  parent  or  guardian 
to  send  to  "  The  Treasurer  of  the  Military 
Academy"  a  sum  sufficient  for  his  neces- 
sary expenses  until  he  is  admitted,  and 
for  his  clothes,  etc.,  thereafter. 

The    expenses  of  the  candidate    for 


board,  washing,  lights,  etc.,  prior  to  ad- 
mission, will  be  about  $5  per  week,  and 
immediately  after  being  admitted  to  the 
Institution  he  must  be  provided  with  an 
outfit  of  uniform,  etc.,  the  cost  of  which 
will  be  about  $90.  If,  upon  arrival,  he 
has  the  necessary  sum  to  his  credit  on  the 
Books  of  the  Treasurer,  he  will  start  with 
many  advantages  in  a  pecuniary  point  of 
view  over  those  whose  means  are  more 
limited,  and  who  must,  if  they  arrive,  as 
many  do,  totally  unprovided  in  this  way, 
go  in  debt  on  the  credit  of  their  pay,  a 
burden  from  which  it  requires  many 
months  to  free  themselves;  while,  if  any 
accident  compel  them  to  leave  the  Acad- 
emy, they  must  of  necessity  be  in  a  des- 
titute condition. 

ASSIGNMENT   TO  CORPS  AFTER  GRADUATION. 

"When  a  Cadet  shall  receive  a  regular 
degree  from  the  Academic  Board,  after 
going  through  the  classes,  he  is  con- 
sidered as  among  the  candidates  for  a 
commission  in  the  Engineer,  Ordnance, 
Artillery,  Cavalry,  or  Infantry,  according 
to  the  duties  he  may  be  judged  competent 
to  perform. 

GENERAL  QUALIFICATIONS. 

A  sound  body  and  constitution,  suitable 
preparation,  good  natural  capacity,  an 
aptitude  for  study,  industrious  habits, 
perseverance,  an  obedient  and  orderly 
disposition,  and  a  correct  moral  deport- 
ment are  such  essential  qualifications,  that 
candidates,  knowingly  deficient  in  any 
of  these  respects,  should  not,  as  many  do, 
subject  themselves  and  their  friends  to 
the  chances  of  future  mortification  and 
disappointment  by  accepting  appoint- 
ments at  the  Academy,  and  entering  upon 
a  career  which  they  cannot  successfully 
pursue. 

Cadets  are  subject  to  court-martial  and 
punishment. 


184 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Pay  of  Officers  of  the  United  States  Army. 


GBADE. 

PAY  OF  OFFICERS  IN  ACTIVE  SERVICE. 

YEARLY 
PAT. 

MONTHLY  PAY. 

Prior  to  5 
Years' 
Service. 

5  Years' 
Service. 

10  Years' 
Service. 

15  Years' 
Service. 

20  Years' 
Service. 

$13,500.00 
11,000.00 
7,500.00 
5,500.00 
3,500.00 
3,000.00 
2,500.00 
2,000.00 
1,800.00 
1,800.00 
1,800.00 
1,600.00 
1,500.00 
1,500.00 
1,400.00 
1,500.00 

$1125.00 
916.67 
625.00 
458.33 
291.67 
250.00 
208.33 
166.67 
150.00 
150.00 
150.00 
133.33 
125.00 
125.00 
116.67 
125.00 

10  per  ct. 

20  per  ct. 

30  per  ct. 

40  per  ct. 

Brigadier-general  

$320.83 
275.00 
229.17 
183.33 
165.00 
165.00 
165.00 
146.67 
137.50 
137.50 
128.33 
137.50 

$350.00 
300.00 
250.00 
200.00 
180.00 
180.00 
180.00 
160.00 
150.00 
150.00 
140.00 
150.00 

$375.00 
325.00 
270.83 
216.67 
195.00 
195.00 
195.00 
173.33 
162.50 
162.50 
151.67 
162.50 

*$375.00 
f333.33 
291.67 
233.33 
210.00 
210.00 
210.00 
186.67 
175.00 
175.00 
163.33 
175.00 

Lieutenant-colonel  

Major  

Captain,  mounted  

Captain,  not  mounted 

Regimental  adjutant  

Regimental  quartermaster  
First  lieutenant,  mounted  

First  lieutenant,  not  mounted.. 
Second  lieutenant,  mounted  
Second  lieutenant,  not  mounted. 
Chaplain  

GRADE. 

PAY  OF  RETIRED  OFFICERS. 

YEARLY 
PAY. 

MONTHLY  PAY. 

Prior  to  5 
Years' 
Service. 

5  Years' 
Service. 

10  Years' 
Service. 

15  Years' 
Service. 

20  Years' 
Service. 

$5625.00 
4125.00 
2625.00 
2250.00 
1875.00 
1500.00 
1350.00 

$468.75 
343.75 
218.75 
187.50 
156.25 
125.00 
112.50 

Brigadier-general  

Colonel                     

$24062 
206.25 
171.87 
137.50 
123.75 

$262.50 
225.00 
187.50 
150.00 
135.00 

$281.25 
243.75 
203.12 
162.50 
146.25 

$281.25 
250.00 
218.75 
175.00 
157.50 

Lieutenant-colonel  

Captain,  mounted  

First  lieutenant,  mounted  
First  lieutenant,  not  mounted.. 
Second  lieutenant,  mounted  
Second  lieutenant,  not  mounted. 
Chaplain  

1200.00 
1125.00 
1125.00 
1050.00 
1350.00 

100.00 
93.75 
93.75 
87.50 
112.50 

110.00 
103.12 
103.12 
96.25 
123.75 

120.00 
112.50 
112.50 
105.00 
135.00 

130.00 
121.87 
121.87 
113.75 
146.25 

140.00 
131.25 
131.25 
122.50 
157.50 

*  The  maximum  pay  of  a  colonel  is  by  law  $4500  per  annum ;  hence  full  40  per  cent,  cannot  accrue. 
t  The  maximum  pay  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  is  by  law  $4000  per  annum;  hence  full  40  per  cent,  cannot 
accrue. 

NOTES. 

An  aide-de-camp  to  a  major-general  is  allowed  $200  per  year  in  addition  to  the  pay  of  his 
rank;  an  aide-de-camp  to  a  brigadier-general  is  allowed  $150  per  year  in  addition  to  the  pay 
of  his  rank ;  and  an  acting  commissary  of  subsistence  is  allowed  $100  per  year  in  addition  to 
the  pay  of  his  rank,  not  to  be  included  in  computing  the  service  increase. 

Assistant  surgeons  are  entitled  to  pay  of  captain  after  five  years'  service. 

Retired  officers  receive  75  per  cent,  of  pay  (salary  and  increase)  of  their  rank,  but  no 
increase  accrues  for  time  subsequent  to  date  of  retirement. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


185 


A  retired  chaplain  receives  three-fourths  of  the  pay  (salary  and  increase)  of  his  rank 
(captain,  not  mounted). 

The  officer  in  charge  of  the  public  buildings  and  grounds  (Washington)  has,  while  so 
serving,  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel. 

The  aides-de-camp  to  the  general,  selected  by  him  from  the  army,  have,  while  so  serving, 
the  rank  and  pay  of  colonel. 

The  aides-de-camp  and  military  secretary  to  the  lieutenant-general,  selected  by  him  from 
the  army,  have,  while  so  serving,  the  rank  and  pay  of  lieutenant-colonel. 

Officers  of  the  army  and  of  volunteers,  assigned  to  duty  which  requires  them  to  be  mounted, 
shall,  during  the  time  they  are  employed  on  such  duty,  receive  the  pay,  emoluments,  and  allow- 
ances of  cavalry  officers  of  the  same  grade,  respectively. 

REMARKS. 

Mileage,  at  the  rate  of  eight  cents  per  mile,  is  allowed  to  officers  for  travel  under  orders. 
Regulations  governing  the  subject  of  mileage  are  contained,  entire,  in  General  Orders  No.  97, 
Adjutant-General's  Office,  series  of  1876. 

Commutation  of  quarters  to  be  paid  by  Pay  Department,  as  follows:  General,  $125  per 
month;  lieutenant-general,  $70  per  month;  all  other  grades  not  to  exceed  $10  per  month  per 
room.  General  Orders  Nos.  37  and  66,  Adjutant-General's  Office,  series  of  1878. 

Pay  of  Officers  and  Cadets  at  the  Military  Academy. 


Grade. 

Grade,  or  Assimilated  Pay. 

Yearly 
Pay. 

Pay  of  colonel  

i 

£  §  See  preceding  table. 

0  0 

o  o 

Commandant  of  cadets    .  ..                    . 

Pay  of  lieutenant-colonel 

Adjutant  

Pay  of  regimental  adjutant 

Quartermaster  and  commissary  of  the  battal- 

Pay  of  his  grade  in  the  army 

Treasurer  

<(                 n                 a 

((              ti              « 

Assistant  surgeon  

(t              tt              (( 

Professor,  of  more  than  ten  years'  service  at 
the  Academy  

Pay  of  colonel 

Professor,  of  less  than  ten  years'  service  
Assistant  professor  

Pay  of  lieutenant-colonel     . 

Pay  of  captain  mounted 

Senior  assistant  instructor  of  tactics  

(i            <t            a 

Assistant  instructor  of  tactics,  commanding 

(I                    (I                    U 

Acting  assistant  professor  

Pay  of  his  grade  in  the  army 

«              <»              « 

Instructors  of  ordnance  and  science  of  gun- 

Pay  of  major  .... 

S  word-master  

Cadet  

$540  per  annum  

FORAGE  FOR  HORSES. 


keeper,  each  for  two  horses, 
of  the  Mississippi  River. 


Forage  is  now  issued  only  to  those  officers  on  duty  at  posts  west 


Average  Pay  per  Month,  for  Five  Years,  of  Enlisted  Men  of  the  Signal  Corps. 


Bank. 

When    at    Fort 
Whipple,   Vn., 
or  at    a  Mili- 
tary Post. 

When    on    Sta- 
tion. 

When  at  Signal 
Office. 

$38.86 
24.82 
21.70 
17.64 

$79.36 
65.42 
62.20 
58.14 

$98.86 
84.82 
81.70 
77.64 

Corporals  

First-class  privates  

NOTE. — In  addition  to  the  above,  corporals  and  privates  in  charge  of  stations,  or  serving  as 
operators  or  repairmen  on  the  United  States  telegraph  lines  carrying,  or  Avhich  may  carry, 
commercial  business,  arid  sergeants  in  charge  of  display  sections,  receive  35  cents  per  day 


extra. 


186  THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Table  of  Monthly  Pay  of  Enlisted  Men  of  the  United  States  Army. 


FIRST  ENLISTMENT. 

FIRST  RE-ENLISTMENT.* 

$2  EXTRA. 

1st 
Year. 

2d 

Year. 

3d 

Year. 

4th 
Year. 

5th 
Year. 

1st 
Year. 

2d 
Year. 

3d 
Year. 

4th 

Year. 

5th 
Year. 

YEAR  OF  TOTAL  CONTINUOUS  SERVICE 

1st 
Year. 

2d 
Year. 

3d 
Year. 

4th 
Year. 

5th 
Year. 

6th 
Year. 

7th 

Year. 

8th 
Year. 

9th 
Year. 

10th 
Year. 

8 

II 

Retain  $1. 

Retain  $2. 

* 

c 

I 

Retain  $1. 

Retain  $1. 

Retain  $1. 

Retain  $1. 

Retain  $1. 

RANK  AND  SERVICE. 

•  COMPANY. 

Private  —  Artillery,  Cavalry,  ' 
and  Infantry  

$13 
14 

$13 

$14 

$15 

$16 

$18 

$18 

$18 

$18 

$18 

Private  —  (second  class)  En- 
gineers and  Ordnance  • 
Musician  —  Engineers,  Artil- 
lery, and  Infantry  

Trumpeter  —  Cavalry 

WagonerJ  —  Artillery,        Cav- 
alry, and  Infantry               .. 

Artificer^  —  Artillery  and   In- 
fantry   . 

15 

Corporal  —  Artillery,       Cav- 
airy,  and  Infantry             . 

15 
17 

15 

16 

17 

18  • 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

Blacksmith     and     farrier  — 
Cavalry  

Saddler  —  Cavalry  

Quartermaster  sergeanti3  

Sergeant  —  Artillery,       Cav-1 
airy,  and  Infantry..              1 

17 

20 
22 

34 

22 
60 

17 

20 
22 

34 
22 

18 

21 
23 

35 
23 

19 

22 
24 

36 
24 

20 

23 
25 

37 
25 

22 

25 

27 

39 

27 

22 

25 

27 

39 

27 

22 

25 

27 

39 

27 

22 

25 

27 

39 

27 

22 

25 
27 

39 
27 

Private  —  (first  class)     Engi-  [ 
neers  and  Ordnance  .   .        J 

Corporal  —  Engineers  and  Ord- 
nance                        . 

First       sergeant  —  Artillery,  "j 
Cavalry,  and  Infantry  V 
Saddler  sergeant  —  Cavalry...  J 
Sergeant  —  Engineers  and  Ord- 

REGIMENT. 

Chief  trumpeter  —  Cavalry...  ") 
Principal     musician  —  Artil-  > 
lery  and  Infantry                 J 

Chief     musician^  —  Artillery, 

Sergeant-major  —  Artillery, 
Cavalry,  and  Infantry  
Quartermaster  sergeant  —  Ar- 
tillery,  Cavalry,  and   In- 
fantry 

23 

23 

24 

25 

26 

28 

28 

28 

i 

28 

28 

*  Subsequent  re-enlistments  $1  more. 

f  The  pay  of  a  man  who  has  ever  re-enlisted  under  the  act  of  August  4, 1854,  and  who  comes  into  the 
service  again,  commences  witli  amount  stated  in  this  column — $1  per  month  to  be  retained. 

J  Not  affected  by  act  of  May  15,  1872.  No  pay  retained  in  these  cases;  but  they  are  entitled  to  benefits 
of  act  of  August  4,  1854,  for  re-enlistment. 

$  Company  quartermaster  sergeants  of  any  branch  of  the  service  not  to  be  appointed  (see  General  Orders 
No.  61,  series  of  1873),  but  reduction  to  be  gradual  by  not  filling  vacancies. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


187 


FIRST  ENLISTMENT. 

FIRST  RE-ENLISTMENT.* 

$2  EXTRA. 

YEAR  IN  EACH  ENLISTMENT  

1st 
Year. 

2d 
Year. 

3d 
Year. 

4th 
Year. 

5th 
Year. 

1st 
Year. 

2d 
Year. 

3d 
Year. 

4th 
Year. 

5th 
Year. 

YEAR  OP  TOTAL  CONTINUOUS  SERVICE 

1st 

Year. 

2d 
Year. 

3d 
Year. 

4th 

Year. 

5th 
Year. 

6th 
Year. 

7th 
Year. 

8th 
Year. 

9th 

Year. 

10th 
Year. 

ctb 

cy> 

8 

A 

£ 

B 

& 

d 

£ 

£ 

II 

P 

.2 
'3 

a 

3 

a 

1 

.2 

_H 

^a 

** 

^fc 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

1 

9 

1 

Sergeant-major   and   quarter- 
master sergeant  —  Engineers. 

$36 

$36 

$37 

$38 

$39 

$41 

$41 

$41 

$41 

$41 

100 

"                "        (  iunior). 

75 

POST. 

10 

"        steward  (first  class)... 

30 

30 

31 

32 

33 

35 

35 

35 

35 

35 

"              "      (second  "  )... 

22 

22 

23 

24 

25 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

"              "      (third    "  )... 

20 

20 

21 

22 

23 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

Ordnance  sergeant  | 

34 

34 

35 

36 

37 

39 

39 

39 

39 

39 

*  Subsequent  re-enlistments  $1  more. 

t  Only  one  veterinary  surgeon,  at  $75  per  month,  allowed  each  of  the  cavalry  regiments,  from  the  First 
to  the  Sixth  Regiment,  inclusive;  two,  one  at  $100  and  one  at  $75  per  month,  allowed  each  of  the  Seventh, 
Eighth,  Ninth,  and  Tenth  Regiments;  the  senior  in  date  of  appointment  entitled  to  the  higher  grade. — 
Decision  of  Adjutant-General  of  December  3, 1874. 

CLOTHING. 

Settled  June  30  and  December  31  of  each  year.  Balances  found  due  United  States  to  be 
charged  soldier  on  muster-rolls  of  those  dates.  Balances  due  soldier  to  be  carried  forward  on 
company  books  credited  to  his  current  clothing  account;  any  balance  remaining  due  him  at 
discharge  to  be  credited  on  final  statements. 

For  causes  of  withholding  retained  pay  on  discharge  of  the  soldier,  see  paragraph  10, 
General  Orders  No.  51,  series  of  1872. 

Enlisted  men  of  Signal  Corps  to  have  pay  of  Engineer  soldiers  of  similar  grades.  Act 
approved  June  20,  1878.  (G.  0.  46,  A.  G.  0.,  1878.) 

List  of  Military  Posts,  Garrisons,  and  Stations  of  the  United  States,  with  their 

Post- Offices. 

Post  or  Station.  Post-Offlce. 

Abraham  Lincoln,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Abraham  Lincoln,  Dakota. 

Adams,  Fort,  Rhode  Island Newport,  Khode  Island. 

Alcatraz  Island,  California Alcatraz  Island,  California. 

Allegheny  Arsenal,  Pennsylvania Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania. 

Andrew,  Fort,  Massachusetts Plymouth,  Massachusetts. 

Angel  Island,  California Angel  Island,  California. 

Apache,  Fort,  Arizona Allen,  Arizona. 

Assinniboine,  Fort,  Montana Fort  Assinniboine,  Montana. 

Atlanta,  Georgia Atlanta,  Georgia. 

Augusta  Arsenal,  Georgia Augusta,  Georgia. 

Barrancas,  Fort,  Florida Warrington,  Florida. 

Baton  Rouge  Barracks,  Louisiana Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana. 

Battery  Bienvenue,  Louisiana New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

Bayard,  Fort,  New  Mexico Fort  Bayard,  New  Mexico. 

Benicia  Arsenal,  California Benicia,  California. 

Benicia  Barracks,  California Benicia,  California. 

Bennett,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Bennett,  Dakota. 

Benton,  Fort,  Montana Fort  Benton,  Montana. 


188  THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Post  or  Station.  Post-Office. 

Bidwell,  Fort,  California Fort  Bidwell,  California. 

Bliss,  Fort.  Texas .El  Paso,  Texas. 

Boise  Barracks,  Idaho Boise  City,  Idaho. 

Bowie,  Fort,  Arizona Apache  Pass,  Arizona. 

Brady,  Fort,  Michigan Sault  de  Ste.  Marie,  Michigan. 

Brooke,  Fort,  Florida Tampa,  Florida. 

Brown,  Fort,  Texas Brownsville,  Texas. 

Buford,  Fo.rt,  Dakota Fort  Biiford,  Dakota. 

Cameron,  Fort,  Utah Beaver  City,  Utah. 

Canby,  Fort,  Washington Astoria,  Oregon. 

Carlisle  Barracks,  Pennsylvania Carlisle,  Pennsylvania. 

Carroll,  Fort,  Maryland Baltimore,  Maryland. 

Caswell,  Fort,  North  Carolina Smithville,  North  Carolina. 

Charleston  Barracks,  South  Carolina Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Chelan  Camp,  Washington Walla- Walla,  Washington. 

Cheyenne  Depot,  Wyoming Cheyenne  City,  Wyoming. 

Chicago,  Illinois Chicago,  Illinois. 

Clark,  Fort,  Texas Brackettsville,  Texas. 

Clark's  Point,  fort  at,  Massachusetts New  Bedford,  Massachusetts. 

Clinch,  Fort,  Florida Fernandina,  Florida. 

Cceur  d'Alene,  Fort,  Idaho Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho. 

Columbus  Barracks,  Ohio Columbus,  Ohio. 

Columbus,  Fort,  New  York New  York  City,  New  York. 

Colville,  Fort,  Washington Fort  Colville,  Washington. 

Concho,  Fort,  Texas Fort  Concho,  Texas. 

Constitution,  Fort,  New  Hampshire New  Castle,  New  Hampshire. 

Craig,  Fort,  New  Mexico Fort  Craig,  New  Mexico. 

Custer,  Fort,  Montana Fort  Custer,  Montana. 

D.  A.  Russell,  Fort,  Wyoming Cheyenne  City,  Wyoming. 

David's  Island,  New  York Pelham,  New  York. 

Davis,  Fort,  Texas Fort  Davis,  Texas. 

Delaware,  Fort,  Delaware Delaware  City,  Delaware. 

Dodge,  Fort,  Kansas Dodge  City,  Kansas. 

Douglas,  Fort,  Utah Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Duncan,  Fort,  Texas Eagle  Pass,  Texas. 

Dupre's  Tower,  Louisiana New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

Dutch  Island,  fort  on,  Rhode  Island Jamestown,  Rhode  Island. 

Elliott,  Fort,  Texas Fort  Elliott,  Texas. 

Ellis,  Fort,  Montana Fort  Ellis,  Montana. 

Fetterman,  Fort,  Wyoming Fort  Fetterman,  Wyoming. 

Finn's  Point,  battery  at,  New  Jersey Salem,  New  Jersey. 

Foote,  Fort,  Maryland Fort  Foote,  Maryland. 

Fort  Monroe  Arsenal,  Virginia Old  Point  Comfort,  Virginia. 

Fort  Point,  California San  Francisco,  California. 

Fort  Union  Arsenal,  New  Mexico Fort  Uuion,  New  Mexico. 

Frankford  Arsenal,  Pennsylvania Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

Fred  Steele,  Fort,  Wyoming Fort  Fred  Steele,  Wyoming. 

Gaines,  Fort,  Alabama via  Mobile,  Alabama. 

Garland,  Fort,  Colorado Fort  Garland,  Colorado. 

Gaston,  Fort,  California Hoopa  Valley,  California. 

Gerrish's  Island,  battery  on,  Maine Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire. 

Gibson,  Fort,  Indian  Territory Fort  Gibson,  Indian  Territory. 

Gorges,  Fort,  Maine Portland,  Maine. 

Governor's  Island,  New  York  Harbor New  York  City,  New  York. 

Grant,  Fort,  Arizona Fort  Grant,  Arizona. 

Gratiot,  Fort,  Michigan Gratiot,  Michigan. 

Griffin,  Fort,  Texas Fort  Griffin,  Texas. 

Griswold,  Fort,  Connecticut New  London,  Connecticut. 

Hale,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Hale,  Dakota. 

Hall,  Fort,  Idaho Blackfoot,  Idaho. 

Halleck,  Fort,  Nevada Fort  Halleck,  Nevada. 

Hamilton,  Fort,  New  York Fort  Hamilton,  New  York. 

Harney,  Fort,  Oregon Camp  Harney,  Oregon. 

Hartsuff,  Fort,  Nebraska Calamus,  Nebraska. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT.  189 

Post  or  Station.  Post-Office. 

Hays,  Fort,  Kansas Hays  City,  Kansas. 

Howard,  Camp,  Idaho Mount  Idaho,  Idaho. 

Huachuca,  Camp,  Arizona Tucson,  Arizona. 

Independence,  Fort,  Massachusetts Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Indianapolis  Arsenal,  Indiana Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

Jackson  Barracks,  Louisiana New  Orleans,  Louisiana 

Jackson,  Fort,  Georgia Savannah,  Georgia. 

Jackson,  Fort,  Louisiana via  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

J.  A.  Rucker,  Camp,  Arizona Fort  Bowie,  Arizona. 

Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri. 

Jefferson,  Fort,  Florida via  Key  West,  Florida. 

Jerry's  Point,  battery  on,  New  Hampshire Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire. 

Johnson,  Fort,  South  Carolina Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Johnston,  Fort,  North  Carolina Smithville,  North  Carolina. 

Kennebec  Arsenal,  Maine Augusta,  Maine. 

Keogh,  Fort,  Montana Fort  Keogh,  Montana. 

Key  West  Barracks,  Florida Key  West,  Florida. 

Klamath,  Fort,  Oregon Linkville,  Oregon. 

Knox,  Fort,  Maine Bucksport,  Maine. 

Lafayette,  Fort,  New  York Fort  Hamilton,  New  York. 

Lapwai,  Fort,  Idaho Fort  Lapwai,  Idaho. 

Laramie,  Fort,  Wyoming Fort  iiaramie,  Wyoming. 

Lazaretto  Point,  fort  at,  Maryland Baltimore,  Maryland. 

Leavenworth,  Fort,  Kansas Fort  Leavenworth,   Kansas. 

Leavenworth  Military  Prison,  Kansas Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas. 

Lee,  Fort,  Massachusetts Salem,  Massachusetts. 

Lewis,  Fort,  Colorado Pagosa  Springs,  Colorado. 

Lime  Point,  fort  at,  California San  Francisco,  California. 

Little  Rock  Barracks,  Arkansas Little  Rock,  Arkansas. 

Livingston,  Fort,  Louisiana via  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

Logan,  Fort,  Montana Fort  Logan,  Montana. 

Long  Island  Head,  battery  at,  Massachusetts.. ..Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Long  Point  Batteries,  Massachusetts Provincetown,  Massachusetts. 

Lowell,  Fort,  Arizona Tucson,  Arizona. 

Lyon,  Fort,  Colorado Fort  Lyon,  Colorado. 

Mackinac,  Fort,  Michigan Mackinac,  Michigan. 

Macomb,  Fort,  Louisiana via  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

Macon,  Fort,  North  Carolina Beaufort,  North  Carolina. 

Madison  Barracks,  New  York Sacket's  Harbor,  New  York. 

Marcy,  Fort,  New  Mexico Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico. 

Marion,  Fort,  Florida St.  Augustine,  Florida. 

McClary,  Fort,  Maine Kittery,  Maine. 

McDennit,  Fort,  Nevada Fort  McDermit,  Nevada. 

McDowell,  Fort,  Arizona Fort  McDowell,  Arizona. 

McIIenry,  Fort,  Maryland Baltimore,  Maryland. 

Mclntosh,  Fort,  Texas Laredo,  Texas. 

McKavett,  Fort,  Texas Fort  McKavett,  Texas. 

McKinney,  Fort,  Wyoming Fort  McKinney,  Wyoming. 

McPherson,  Fort,  Nebraska Cottonwood  Springs,  Nebraska. 

McRea,  Fort,  New  Mexico Aleman,  New  Mexico. 

McRee,  Fort,  Florida Warrington,  Florida. 

Meade,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Meade,  Dakota. 

Mifflin,  Fort,  Pennsylvania Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

Missoula,  Fort,  Montana Missoula,  Montana. 

Mojave,  Fort,  Arizona Mojave  City,  Arizona. 

Monroe,  Fort,  Virginia Old  Point  Comfort,  Virginia. 

Montgomery,  Fort,  New  York Rouse's  Point,  New  York. 

Morgan,  Fort,  Alabama via  Mobile,  Alabama. 

Moultrie,  Fort,  South  Carolina Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Mount  Vernon  Barracks,  Alabama Mount  Vernon,  Alabama. 

Newport  Barracks,  Kentucky Newport,  Kentucky. 

New  York  Arsenal,  New  York New  York  City,  New  York. 

Niagara,  Fort,  New  York Youngstown,  New  York. 


190  THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Post  or  Station.  Post-Office. 
North  Fork  of  Canadian  River,  camp  on,  In- 
dian Territory via  Wichita,  Kansas. 

North  Platte  Station,  Nebraska North  Platte,  Nebraska. 

Oglethorpe  Barracks  (see  Savannah)  Georgia... Savannah,  Georgia. 

Omaha,  Fort,  Nebraska Omaha,  Nebraska. 

Ontario,  Fort,  New  York Oswego,  New  York. 

Pembina,  Fort,  Dakota Pembina,  Dakota. 

Phoenix,  Fort,  Massachusetts Fairhaven,  Massachusetts. 

Pickens,  Fort,  Florida Warrington,  Florida. 

Pike,  Fort,  Louisiana via  New  Orleans,  Louisiana, 

Pikesville  Arsenal,  Maryland Pikesville,  Maryland. 

Pinckney,  Castle,  South  Carolina Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Plattsburgh  Barracks,  New  York Plattsburgh,  New  York. 

Point  San  Jose",  California San  Francisco,  California. 

Popham,  Fort,  Maine Parker's  Head,  Maine. 

Porter,  Fort,  New  York Buffalo,  New  York. 

Portland  Head,  battery  on,  Maine Portland,  Maine. 

Preble,  Fort,  Maine Portland,  Maine. 

Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  California San  Francisco. 

Priest's  Rapids,  Washington 

Pulaski,  Fort,  Georgia Savannah,  Georgia. 

Randall,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Randall,  Dakota. 

Reno,  Fort,  Indian  Territory Fort  Reno,  Indian  Territory 

Riley,  Fort,  Kansas Fort  Riley,  Kansas. 

Ringgold,  Fort,  Texas Rio  Grande  City,  Texas. 

Robinson,  Fort,  Nebraska Fort  Robinson,  Nebraska. 

Rock  Island  Armory  and  Arsenal,  Illinois Rock  Island,  Illinois. 

San  Antonio,  Texas San  Antonio,  Texas. 

San  Antonio  Arsenal,  Texas San  Antonio,  Texas. 

Sanders,  Fort,  Wyoming Laramie  City,  Wyoming. 

San  Diego  Barracks,  California San  Diego,  California. 

San  Diego,  Texas.. San  Diego,  Texas. 

Sandy  Hook,  fort  at,  New  Jersey New  York  City,  New  York. 

San  Felipe,  Texas Del  Rio,  Texas. 

Savannah  (Oglethorpe  Barracks),  Georgia Savannah,  Georgia. 

Scaminel,  Fort,  Maine Portland,  Maine. 

Schuyler,  Fort,  New  York Westchester,  New  York. 

Selden,  Fort,  New  Mexico Fort  Selden,  New  Mexico. 

Sewell,  Fort,  Massachusetts Marblehead,  Massachusetts. 

Shaw,  Fort,  Montana Fort  Shaw,  Montana. 

Sheridan,  Camp,  Nebraska Camp  Sheridan,  Nebraska. 

Ship  Island,  Mississippi Mississippi  City,  Mississippi. 

Sidney,  Fort,  Nebraska Sidney,  Nebraska. 

Sill,  Fort,  Indian  Territory Fort  Sill,  Indian  Territory. 

Sisseton,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Sisseton,  Dakota. 

Snelling,  Fort,  Minnesota Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota. 

Springfield  Armory  and  Arsenal,  Massachusetts.Springfield,  Massachusetts. 

Standish,  Fort,  Massachusetts Plymouth,  Massachusetts. 

Stanton,  Fort,  New  Mexico Fort  Stanton,  New  Mexico. 

Stevens,  Fort,  Oregon Astoria,  Oregon. 

Stevenson,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Stevenson.  Dakota. 

Stockton,  Fort,  Texas Fort  Stockton,  Texas. 

St.  Augustine  (St.  Francis  Barracks),  Florida. ..St.  Augustine,  Florida. 

St.  Louis  Barracks,  Missouri St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

St.  Louis  Powder  Depot,  Missouri Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri. 

St.  Philip,  Fort,  Louisiana via  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

Sullivan,  Fort,  Maine Eastport,  Maine. 

Sully,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Sully,  Dakota. 

Sumter,  Fort,  South  Carolina Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Supply,  Fort,  Indian  Territory Fort  Supply,  Indian  Territory. 

Taylor,  Fort,  Florida Key  West,  Florida. 

Thomas,  Camp,  Arizona Camp  Thomas,  Arizona. 

Totten,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Totten,  Dakota. 

Townsend,  Fort,  Washington Port  Townsend,  Washington 

Trumbull,  Fort,  Connecticut New  London,  Connecticut 


WAR  DEPARTMENT.  191 

Post  or  Station.  Post-Office. 

Union,  Fort,  New  Mexico Fort  Union,  New  Mexico. 

Vancouver  Arsenal,  Washington Vancouver,  Washington. 

Vancouver,  Fort,  Washington Vancouver^  Washington. 

Verde,  Fort,  Arizona Fort  Verde,  Arizona. 

Wadsworth,  Fort,  New  York Stapleton,  New  York. 

Wallace,  Fort,  Kansas Fort  Wallace,  Kansas. 

Walla-Walla,  Fort,  Washington Walla- Walla,  Washington. 

Warren,  Fort,  Massachusetts Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Washakie,  Fort,  Wyoming Fort  Washakie,  Wyoming. 

Washington  Arsenal,  District  of  Columbia Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 

Washington,  Fort,  Maryland Fort  Washington,  Maryland. 

Watertown  Arsenal,  Massachusetts Watertown,  Massachusetts. 

Watervliet  Arsenal,  New  York West  Troy,  New  York. 

Wayne,  Fort,  Michigan Detroit,  Michigan. 

West  Point  Military  Academy,  New  York West  Point,  New  York. 

Whipple  Barracks,  Arizona Prescott,  Arizona. 

Whipple,  Fort,  Virginia Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia. 

Willet's  Point,  New  York Whitestone,  Long  Island. 

Wingate,  Fort,  New  Mexico Fort  Wingate,  New  Mexico. 

Winthrop,  Fort,  Massachusetts Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Wolcott,  Fort,  Rhode  Island Newport,  Rhode  Island. 

Wood,  Fort,  New  York New  York  City,  New  York. 

Wool,  Fort,  Virginia Old  Point  Comfort,  Virginia. 

Yates,  Fort,  Dakota Fort  Yates,  Dakota. 

Yerba  Buena  Island,  California San  Francisco,  California. 

Yuma,  Fort,  California Yuma,  Arizona. 


UNIVERSITY 


N AYT   DEPAETMENT. 


The  Navy  Department  was  established 
by  the  act  of  Congress  of  April  30,  1798, 
and  went  into  practical  operation  in  the 
month  of  June  following,  the  charge  of 
naval  affairs  prior  to  that  date  having 
been  in  the  War  Department. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Navy  is  the  head 
of  this  Department. 

The  Department  is  divided  into  the 
following  bureaus : 

Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks ; 

Bureau  of  Equipment  and  Recruiting ; 

Bureau^of  Navigation ; 

Bureau  of  Ordnance  ; 

Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repairs  ; 

Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering  ; 

Bureau  of  Provisions  and  Clothing  ; 

Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

POWERS  AND  DUTIES  OF  THE  SEC- 
RETARY. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  to  provide  naval  stores  and  mate- 
rials for  the  construction,  armament, 
equipment,  and  employment  of  vessels 
of  war,  and  all  other  matters  connected 
with  the  naval  establishment. 

He  must  cause  all  flags,  standards,  and 
colors  taken  by  the  navy  from  the  ene- 
mies of  the  United  States  to  be  collected 
and  transmitted  to  him  at  the  seat  of 
Government. 

He  is  authorized  to  cause  to  be  pre- 
pared by  the  Hydrographic  Office  maps, 
charts,  and  nautical  books  relating  to 
and  required  in  navigation,  and  to  pub- 
lish and  furnish  them  to  navigators  at 
the  cost  of  printing  and  paper ;  and  to 
purchase  the  plates  and  copyright  of  such 
existing  maps,  charts,  navigators'  sailing 
directions  arid  instructions  as  he  may 
consider  necessary. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Navy  must  make 
the  following  annual  reports  to  Con- 
gress : 

192 


A  statement  of  the  appropriations  of 
the  preceding  fiscal  year  for  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Navy,  showing  the  amount 
appropriated  under  each  specific  head,  the 
amount  expended  under  each  head,  and 
the  balance  remaining  unexpended  June 
30  preceding ;  to  be  accompanied  with 
estimates  of  the  probable  demands  which 
remain  on  each  appropriation. 

A  statement  of  all  offers  for  contracts 
for  supplies  and  services  made  during 
the  preceding  year,  by  classes,  indicat- 
ing those  which  have  been  accepted. 

A  statement  showing  the  amounts  ex- 
pended during  the  preceding  fiscal  year 
for  wages  of  mechanics  and  laborers  em- 
ployed in  building,  repairing,  or  equip- 
ping vessels  of  the  navy,  or  in  receiving 
and  securing  stores  and  materials  for  those 
purposes,  and  for  the  purchase  of  mate- 
rial and  stores  for  the  same  purpose  ;  and 
showing  the  cost  or  estimated  value  of 
the  stores  on  hand,  under  this  appropria- 
tion, in  the  navy-yards  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  preceding  fiscal  year;  and 
the  cost  or  estimated  value  of  the  articles 
belonging  to  this  appropriation  which 
may  be  on  hand  at  the  navy-yards  at  the 
close  of  the  preceding  fiscal  year. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Navy  may  cause 
persons  in  the  naval  service  or  Marine 
Corps,  who  become  insane  while  in  ser- 
vice, to  be  placed  in  such  hospital  as  will 
be  most  convenient  and  best  calculated  to 
promise  a  restoration  of  reason. 

He  may  establish,  at  such  places  as  he 
may  deem  necessary,  suitable  depots  of 
coal,  and  other  fuel,  for  the  supply  of 
steam  ships  of  war. 

He  is  authorized  and  directed  to  sell 
at  public  sale  such  vessels  and  materials 
of  the  navy  as,  in  his  judgment,  cannot 
be  advantageously  used,  repaired,  or 
fitted  out ;  and  he  must  report  the  sales 
of  such  vessels  or  materials,  the  names 
of  the  parties  buying  the  same,  the 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


193 


amount  realized  therefrom,  and  all  other 
facts  connected  therewith  to  Congress, 
annually. 

He  is  authorized,  under  the  direction 
of  the  President,  to  cause  such  vacant  and 
unappropriated  lands  of  the  United  States 
as  produce  the  live-oak  and  red-cedar 
timbers  to  be  explored,  and  selection  to 
be  made  of  such  tracts  or  portions  thereof, 
when  the  principal  growth  is  of  either  of 
such  timbers,  as  in  his  judgment  may  be 
necessary  to  furnish  the  navy  a  sufficient 
supply  of  the  same. 

The  Secretary  must  annually  submit 
to  Congress  estimates  of  the  claims  and 
demands  chargeable  upon  and  payable 
out  of  the  Naval  Pension  Fund.  He  is 
trustee  of  that  fund. 

All  appropriations  for  specific,  general, 
and  contingent  expenses  of  the  Navy  De- 
partment are  under  the  control  and  ex- 
pended by  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  and  the  appropriation  for  each 
bureau  is  kept  separate  in  the  Treasury 
Department. 

All  appropriations  made  for  the  prep- 
aration or  publication  of  foreign  hydro- 
graphic  surveys  are  only  applicable  to 
their  object  upon  the  approval  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  after  a  report 
from  three  competent  naval  officers  to 
the  effect  that  the  original  data  for  pro- 
posed charts  are  such  as  to  justify  their 
publication. 

All  provisions,  clothing,  hemp,  and 
other  materials  of  every  name  and  na- 
ture for  the  use  of  the  navy,  and  the 
transportation  thereof,  when  time  will 
permit,  must  be  furnished  by  contract  by 
the  lowest  bidder,  after  due  advertise- 
ment for  proposals  to  furnish  the  pro- 
visions and  materials  wanted. 

All  ransom-money,  salvage,  bounty,  or 
proceeds  of  condemned  property,  accru- 
ing or  awarded  to  any  vessel  of  the  navy, 
must  be  distributed  and  paid  to  the  offi- 
cers and  men  entitled  thereto  in  the  same 
manner  as  prize-money. 

NAVY  PENSION  FUND. 

All  money  accruing  and  which  has  ac- 
crued to  the  United  States  from  the  sale 
of  prizes  shall  be  and  remain  forever  a 
fund  for  the  payment  of  pensions  to  the 
officers,  seamen,  and  marines  who  may 
be  entitled  to  receive  the  same ;  and  if 
such  fund  be  insufficient  for  the  purpose, 
the  public  faith  is  pledged  to  make  up  the 
deficiency  ;  but  if  it  should  be  more  than 
sufficient,  the  surplus  shall  be  applied  to 
the  making  of  future  provision  for  the 


comfort  of  the  disabled  officers,  seamen, 
and  marines. 

The  surplus  fund,  after  paying  the  pen- 
sions due,  is  invested  in  the  registered 
securities  of  the  United  States;  and  it 
draws  interest  at  the  rate  of  three  per 
centum  per  annum. 

PRIVATEER  PENSION  FUND. 

The  Secretary  is  also  trustee  of  the 
Privateer  Pension  Fund.  Two  per  centum 
of  the  net  amount  of  the  prize-money 
arising  from  captured  vessels  and  cargoes, 
and  on  the  net  amount  of  salvage  of  ves- 
sels and  cargoes  recaptured  by  the  private 
armed  vessels  of  the  United  States,  must 
be  paid  over  to  the  Collector  of  Customs 
at  the  port  at  which  the  captured  vessel 
may  arrive,  or  to  the  Consul  residing  at 
the  port,  not  within  the  United  States,  at 
which  such  vessel  may  arrive  ;  and  the 
moneys  arising  therefrom  are  pledged  by 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  as 
a  fund  for  the  support  and  maintenance 
of  the  widows  and  orphans  of  such  per- 
sons as  may  be  slain,  and  of  such  persons 
as  may  be  wounded  and  disabled  on  board 
of  the  private  armed  vessels  of  the  United 
States  in  any  engagement  with  the  en- 
emy, to  be  assigned  and  distributed  in 
such  manner  as  maybe  provided  by  law. 
The  Collectors  and  Consuls  must  deposit 
the  said  two  per  centum  in  the  Treasury 
Department. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk §2500 

1  di.?l>u'-sing  clerk  and  superintendent...  2250 
4clerks,  oach 1800 

1  stenographer 1600 

3  clerks,  each 1600 

4  "           "     1200 

3      "           "     1000 

2  messengers,  each 840 

2  laborers,  each 660 

The  Chief  Clerk  has  the  general  charge, 
subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Secretary, 
of  this  office,  conducts  the  correspond- 
ence, and  supervises  the  duties  of  the 
other  clerks. 

The  chiefs  of  the  several  bureaus  have 
charge  and  custody  of  the  books,  records, 
and  accounts  pertaining  to  their  respect- 
ive duties,  and  all  of  the  duties  of  the 
bureau  chiefs  are  performed  under  the 
authority  of  the  Secretary,  and  their 
orders  are  considered  as  emanating  from 
him,  and  they  have  full  force  and  effect 
as  such.  All  estimates  for  specific,  gen- 
eral, and  contingent  expenses  of  the  De- 


13 


194 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


partinent  And  of  the  several  bureaus  mus 
be  furnished  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 
by  the  chiefs  of  the  respective  bureaus. 

BUREAU  OF  YARDS  AND  DOCKS. 

This  Bureau  has  charge  of  the  navy- 
yards  and  naval  stations,  their  construc- 
tion and  repair ;  the  purchase  of  timber 
and  various  other  materials. 

The  chief  of  this  Bureau  has  the  rank 
of  commodore,  navy  pay. 

CIVIL  EMPLOYES. 

Per  Annum. 

Ohief  clerk $1800 

1  draughtsman 1800 

1  clerk 1800 

1      "    1600 

1      "    1400 

1      "    1200 

1      "    1000 

]  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer....  .     £ 


BUREAU  OF  EQUIPMENT  AND  RE- 
CRUITING. 

This  Bureau  has  charge  of  the  equip- 
ment of  all  vessels  of  war,  the  supply  of 
their  sails,  rigging,  anchors,  and  fuel ; 
also  the  recruiting  of  sailors  of  the  vari- 
ous grades  for  the  navy. 

The  chief  of  this  Bureau  has  the  rank 
of  commodore,  navy  pay. 

CIVIL  EMPLOYES. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $1800 

1  clerk 1800 

1  "    1600 

2  clerks,  each 1400 

2       "          "   1200 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer 660 


BUREAU  OF  NAVIGATION. 

This  Bureau  supplies  vessels  of  war 
•with  maps,  charts,  chronometers,  barom- 
eters, flags,  signal-lights,  glasses,  and 
stationery  5  has  charge  of  the  publication 
of  charts,  the  Nautical  Almanac,  and 
surveys.  The  Naval  Observatory  and 
Hydrographic  Office  are  under  the  direc- 
tion of  this  Bureau. 

The  chief  of  this  Bureau  has  the  rank 
of  commodore,  navy  pay. 

CIVIL  EMPLOYES. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $1800 

1  clerk 1600 

1      "   1400 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer 660 


UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  OBSERVA- 
TORY. 

PURPOSES  AND  USES  OP  THE  NAVAL 
OBSERVATORY. 

The  Naval  Observatory,  at  Washing- 
ton, owes  its  origin  to  those  wants  and 
uses  of  the  navy  that  pertain  to  naviga- 
tion, as  that  at  Greenwich,  England,  es- 
tablished in  1675,  owes  its  origin  to  the 
demands  of  a  maritime  nation  for  im- 
provements in  navigation. 

As  is  well  known,  it  is  by  the  science 
of  astronomy — by  methods  of  lunar  dis- 
tances— that  longitudes  at  sea  are  found. 
This  is  of  incalculable  benefit  to  com- 
merce and  navigation. 

FORCE    EMPLOYED   IN   NAVAL    OBSERVATORY. 
Navy  Officers. 

Rear-Admiral,    superintendent     in 

charge Navy  Pay. 

4  assistants,  with  rank  of  lieutenant     "        " 

1  master "        " 

3  professors   of    mathematics,    with 

rank  of  captain "       " 

2  professors   of    mathematics,    with 

rank  of  commander "       '« 

professor    of    mathematics,    with 

rank  of  lieutenant "       " 

Civil  Officers  and  Employes. 

Per  Annum. 
1  clerk $1800 

3  assistant  astronomers,  each 1500 

1  instrument-maker 1500 

Per  Month. 

1  employe1  in  charge  of  grounds $80.00 

3  watchmen,  each 60.00 

1  messenger 53.22 

1  porter 53.22 

The  following  observations  on  the  use- 
fulness of  Government  observatories  were 
made  in  a  report  submitted  to  Congress 
n  1878,  by  Rear-Admiral  John  Rodgers, 
superintendent  of  the  Naval  Observatory 
at  "Washington  : 

"As  European  sailors  did  in  former 
times,  Chinese  sailors  now  grope  along 
;he  shore,  running  from  point  to  point, 
anchoring  at  night,  and  lost  when  at  sea. 
By  means   of  observatories,    men   were 
nabled  to  tabulate  the  motions  and  the 
jlaces  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  and  to  cal- 
mlate  a  nautical  almanac,  which,  being 
published  for  some  three  years  in  advance 
f  its  time  of  use,  enables  vessels  en- 
gaged on   the  longest  voyages  to  have 
Iways  in  possession  the  accurate  places 
f  the  sun,  moon,  and  stars,   arranged 
or  every  day  of  the  year.     Every  time 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


195 


the  position  of  a  ship  at  sea  is  put  upon 
the  chart,  this  position  is  found  by  obser- 
vation of  some  heavenly  body  by  the 
navigator,  and  made  useful  by  reference 
to  the  nautical  almanac.  When  fogs  or 
storms  hinder  observations,  the  position 
is  carried  by  estimation  and  rough  meas- 
urements of  speed  and  direction  from  the 
last  celestial  observation. 

"  It  thus  appears  that  the  work  of  ob- 
servatories blends  so  intimately  with 
modern  navigation,  that  no  cargo  can  be 
exported  or  brought  home  except  through 
the  agency  of  astronomical  results. 

"  That  astronomical  observatories  are 
absolutely  necessary  to  the  ocean  com- 
merce of  the  world,  is  a  proposition  which 
no  man  can  deny.  There  are  many  pri- 
vate observatories  in  the  United  States, 
generally  conducted  by  men  of  great 
abilities,  some  of  them  directed  by  men 
of  supreme  talents. 

"  It  may  be  asked  why  these  private 
observatories  cannot  do  the  work  of  Gov- 
ernment observatories.  These  private 
observatories  are  generally  attached  to 
places  of  instruction,  and  they  are  de- 
voted rather  to  education  than  long-con- 
tinued labor  directed  to  a  particular  end, 
this  end  often  not  a  brilliant  one,  and  not 
calculated  to  bring  any  great  reputation 
to  the  patient  toiler.  For  instance,  a 
professor  now  in  the  Naval  Observatory 
has  been  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury employed  every  fair  night,  when  not 
sick  from  malaria,  in  making  a  catalogue 
pf  the  stars  and  in  tabulating  their  places 
more  accurately  than  has  been  done  be- 
fore. Some  of  the  more  important  stars 
have  had  their  places  measured  and  re- 
measured  as  often  as  six  hundred  times ; 
generally  the  standard  stars  are  measured 
more  than  two  hundred  times. 

"This  work,  'rectifying  the  tables  of 
the  motions  of  the  heavens  and  the  places 
of  the  fixed  stars,  for  perfecting  the  art 
of  navigation,'  was  included  in  the  war- 
rant of  Charles  II.  for  the  erection  of 
Greenwich  Observatory. 

"  The  patient,  sustained  work  of  the 
Government  observatory  would  be  for- 
eign to  the  intention  of  the  private  ob- 
servatory ;  and  when  the  private  astron- 
omer, urged  by  his  genius  and  his  thirst 
for  knowledge,  engages  in  work  aside 
from  his  regular  occupation,  it  is  more 
apt  to  be  in  fields  of  discovery,  or  of 
astronomical  investigation  of  recent  facts, 
than  in  plain  plodding  tables,  such  as  are 
,  old  in  science,  though  new  in  accuracy. 

u  The  Naval  Observatory  is  very  re- 
motely a  means  of  education,  and  its  field 


does  not  clash  with  the  one  in  which 
private  observatories  labor.  As  the  aims 
of  the  two  are  different,  their  work  is 
not  alike.  The  Government  observatory 
works  on  old  themes  ;  the  private  observ- 
atory devises  new  ones.  Both  are  neces- 
sary in  the  world,  and  neither  can  be 
spared.  Very  fortunately,  only  one 
claims  Government  aid." 


HYDROGRAPHIC   OFFICE. 

In  this  office  all  charts  for  the  use  of 
the  navy,  and  for  mariners  generally,  are 
drawn,  engraved,  printed,  and  photolith- 
ographed ;  sailing  directions  are  prepared 
and  published,  and  other  hydrographic 
information  collected  and  issued  for  the 
improvement  of  the  means  of  navigating 
safely  the  vessels  of  the  navy  and  of  the 
mercantile  marine. 

FORCE  EMPLOYED  IN  THE  HYDROGRAPHIC 
OFFICE. 

Naval  Officers. 

Captain  and  hydrographer  to   Bu- 
reau of  Navigation Navy  Pay. 

2  commanders,  each 

5  lieutenant-commanders,  each 

6  lieutenants,  each 

7  masters,  each 

2  ensigns,  each 

Civil   Employes. 

Per  Month. 

1  clerk $120.00 

1  draughtsman 175.00 

1  "  120.00 

2  draughtsmen,  each 100.00 

1  draughtsman 50.00 

2  writers,  each 75.00 

1  paint-lights 75.00 

5  laborers,  each 55.00 

1  chief  draughtsman 191.66 

1  draughtsman 133.33 

2  draughtsmen,  each 108.33 

2  "  "     80.00 

1  file  clerk 60.00 

1  laborer 40.00 

Per  Diem. 

2  printers,  each $4.00 

2  engravers,  each 4.00 

1  engraver 3.50 

2  engravers,  each 3.00 


NAUTICAL   ALMANAC. 

This  is  in  charge  of  a  professor  of 
mathematics,  with  the  relative  rank  of 
captain,  navy  pay. 

The  following  civil  employes  are  en- 
gaged in  preparing  for  publication  the 
American  Ephemeris  and  Nautical  Air 


196 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


2  computers,  each. 
2 


Per  Annum. 


I  messenger. 


1500 

1200 

720 


BUREAU  OF  ORDNANCE. 

This  Bureau  has  charge  of  the  manu- 
facture of  naval  ordnance  and  ammu- 
nition 5  the  armament  of  vessels  of  war  ; 
the  arsenals  and  magazines;  the  trials 
and  tests  of  ordnance,  small  arms,  and 
ammunition  ;  of  the  torpedo  service,  the 
torpedo  station  at  Newport,  and  the  ex- 
perimental battery  at  Annapolis. 

Chief  of  Bureau,  with  rank  of  com- 
modore, navy  pay. 

CIVIL  EMPLOYES. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $1800 

1  draughtsman 1800 

1  clerk 1600 

1     "     1400 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer 660 

BUREAU  OF  CONSTRUCTION  AND 
REPAIRS. 

This  Bureau  has  charge  of  dry-docks, 
and  of  all  vessels  undergoing  repairs ; 
the  designing,  building,  and  fitting  out 
of  vessels,  and  the  armor  of  iron-clads. 

Chief  of  Bureau,  Chief  Constructor, 
with  rank  of  commodore,  navy  pay. 

CIVIL  EMPLOYES. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $1800 

1  clerk 1800 

1  draughtsman 1800 

1  clerk 1600 

1     "     1400 

1     " 1200 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer 660 


BUREAU  OF  STEAM  ENGINEERING. 

This  Bureau  directs  the  designing,  fit- 
ting out,  running,  and  repairing  of  the 
steam-marine  engines,  boilers,  and  ap- 
purtenances used  on  vessels  of  war,  and 
the  work-shops  in  the  navy-yards  where 
they  are  made  and  repaired. 

Chief  of  Bureau,  Engineer-in-Chief, 
with  rank  of  commodore,  navy  pay. 

CIVIL  EMPLOYES. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $1800 

1  chief  draughtsman 2250 

1  assistant  draughtsman 1600 

1  clerk...,  ..  1400 


Per  Annum. 

1  clerk $1200 

1     "     3000 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

2  laborers,  each 660 


BUREAU    OF    PROVISIONS    AND 
CLOTHING. 

This  Bureau  has  charge  of  all  contracts 
and  purchases  for  the  supply  of  provis- 
ions, water  for  cooking  and  drinking  pur- 
poses, clothing,  and  small  stores  for  the 
use  of  the  navy. 

Chief  of  Bureau,  Paymaster-General, 
with  the  rank  of  commodore,  navy  pay. 

Per  Annum. 
Chief  clerk $1800 

1  clerk ]800 

2  clerks,  each 1600 

2  "    "  1400 

3  "    "  1200 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer....  .     660 


BUREAU  OF  MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY. 

This  Bureau  superintends  everything 
relating  to  medicines,  medical  stores, 
surgical  instruments,  and  hospital  sup- 
plies required  for  the  treatment  of  the 
sick  and  wounded  for  the  navy  and  Ma- 
rine Corps. 

Chief  of  Bureau,  Surgeon-General, 
with  rank  of  commodore,  navy  pay. 

CIVIL  EMPLOYES. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $1800 

1  clerk 1600 

1     «     1200 

1     "     1000 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer 660 

For  the  hospitals  and  laboratory,  $40,000. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Per  Annum. 

9  watchmen,  each $720 

4  laborers,  each 660 

1  engineer 1200 

1  assistant  engineer 1000 

1  conductor  for  elevator 720 

3  firemen,  each 720 

12  charwomen,  each 180 

UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  ASYLUM,  AT 
PHILADELPHIA,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

OBJECT. 

The  object  of  this  Asylum  is  to  provide 
a  comfortable  home  for  disabled  and  de- 
crepit naval  officers,  seamen,  and  marines, 
who  are  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  the 
institution. 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


197 


KEQUIREMENTS  FOR  ADMISSION. 

Applicants  for  admission  into  the  Asy- 
lum are  required  to  produce  evidence  of 
having  served  twenty  years  in  the  navy. 
They  must  state  their  age,  birthplace, 
and  physical  condition,  the  vessels  in 
which  they  have  served,  the  names  of  the 
commanding  officers,  and  the  dates  of 
such  service.  They  must  produce  a  cer- 
tificate from  a  surgeon  of  the  navy 
stating  that  they  are  not  able  to  support 
themselves  by  manual  labor.  Pensioned 
applicants  may  commute  their  pensions 
for  places  in  the  Asylum,  a  similar  cer- 
tificate being  required. 

Duties. — Beneficiaries  are  required  to 
perform  such  duties  for  their  own  benefit, 
and  that  of  the  institution,  as  their  age, 
physical  abilities,  and  condition  will 
admit. 

Pocket- Monet/. — For  good  conduct  and 
faithful  performance  of  duty  each  bene- 
ficiary receives  one  dollar  per  month. 

Discipline. — For  misconduct,  such  as 
drunkenness,  fighting,  abusive  and  pro- 
fane language,  beneficiaries  will  be  pun- 
ished by  the  stoppage  of  their  pocket- 
money  and  tobacco,  restriction  of  their 
liberty,  confinement  in  cells,  and  curtail- 
ment of  the  ration,  and  in  aggravated 
cases  by  dismissal  from  the  Asylum, 
which  latter  punishment  requires  the 
sanction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

No  liquors  of  any  kind  are  allowed  the 
inmates  of  the  institution,  and  none  are 
permitted  within  its  enclosures.  Inmates 
are  not  allowed  to  leave  without  permis- 
sion, and  no  leave  is  granted  for  a  longer 
period  than  one  week,  except  by  authority 
of  the  Navy  Department. 

OFFICERS  OP  NAVAL  ASYLUM. 

Governor Navy  Pay. 

1  executive  officer " 

1  surgeon " 

1  chaplain " 

1  secretary " 

1  carpenter " 

CIVIL  EMPLOYES. 

Per  Annum. 
1  superintendent $600 

1  matron 360 

2  assistant  cooks,  each 168 

4  laundresses,  each 168 

6  laborers,  each 240 

1  master-at-arms 480 

1  barber 360 

1  steward 480 

1  cook 240 

1  chief  laundress 192 

8  scrubbers  and  waiters,  each 168 

1  stable-keeper  and  driver 360 

1  corporal 300 


Per  Annum. 

1  carpenter $845 

Support  of  beneficiaries,  all  out  of  Naval 
Pension  Fund,  $43,500  per  annum. 

UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  HOSPITALS. 

There  is  a  Naval  Hospital  at  each  of 
the  following  cities,  at  which  medical 
officers  of  the  navy  are  on  duty,  and  for 
the  support  of  which  the  sum  of  §50,000 
yearly  is  appropriated : 

Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire ;  Chelsea, 
Massachusetts ;  Brooklyn,  New  York  ; 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania ;  Annapolis, 
Maryland ;  Washington,  District  of  Co- 
lumbia; Norfolk,  Virginia;  Pensacola, 
Florida ;  Mare  Island,  California ;  Yoko- 
hama, Japan. 

NAVAL  ACADEMY  AT  ANNAPOLIS, 
MARYLAND. 

The  Naval  Academy  is  an  institution 
for  the  instruction  of  young  men  in  the 
arts  of  naval  warfare  and  to  fit  them  as 
officers  in  the  navy,  and  it  bears  the 
same  relation  to  the  navy  as  the  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point,  New  York,  does 
to  the  army. 

It  is  governed  by  an  officer  of  the  navy 
of  high  rank  (at  present  a  rear-admiral) 
as  Superintendent,  who  has  two  assist- 
ants, also  naval  officers,  of  lower  rank. 

The  Academy  is  divided  into  Depart 
ments,  as  follows : 

Commandant  and  Assistant  Comman- 
dants of  Cadets. 

Department  of  Seamanship. 

Department  of  Ordnance  and  Gunnery. 

Department  of  Mathematics. 

Department  of  Steam  Engineering. 

Department  of  Astronomy  and  Navi- 
gation. 

Department  of  Physics  and  Chemistry. 

Department  of  Mechanics  and  Applied 
Mathematics. 

Department  of  English  Studies,  His- 
tory, and  Law. 

Department  of  Modern  Languages. 

Department  of  Drawing. 

In  each  of  these  Departments  naval 
officers  serve  as  instructors,  there  being 
upwards  of  fifty  in  all,  and  these  are 
called  the  "Academic  staff."  There  are 
a  number  of  other  officers  not  attached  to 
the  Academic  staff,  but  on  duty  at  the 
Academy,  including  medical  officers, 
officers  of  the  pay  corps,  chaplains,  etc. 

Besides  the  naval  officers  there  are  the 
following  professors,  civil  officers,  and 
employes  allowed  and  on  duty  in  the 
Academy : 


198 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 

2  professors,  I  of  drawing  and  1  of 

modern  languages,  each $2500.00 

4  professors,  1  of  physics,  1  cf  chemis- 
try, 1  of  Spanish,  1  of  English 

studies,  history,  and  laws,  each 2200.00 

6  assistant  professors,  4  of  French,  1 

of  English    studies,  histories,  and 

laws,  and  1  of  drawing,  each 1800.00 

Secretary  of  Naval  Academy 1800.00 

1  swordmaster 1500.00 

2  assistant  swordmasters,  each 1000.00 

1  boxing-master  and  gymnast 1200.00 

1  assistant  librarian 1400.00 

1  clerk  to  superintendent 1200.00 

1       "                      "               1000.00 

1       "                      "               800.00 

1       "          paymaster 1000.00 

1       "         commandant  of  cadets 1000.00 

1  dentist 1600.00 

1  mechanic 600.00 

1  cook 325.50 

1  armorer 529.50 

1  quarter-gunner 409.50 

1  baker 600.00 

1  messman 288.00 

1  messenger  to  superintendent 600.00 

1  gunner's  mate 469.50 

1  coxswain 469.50 

1  seaman  in  department  of  seamanship     349.50 

1         "                      "              astronomy..  349.50 

1         "                     "              chemistry...  349.50 

1  bandmaster 528.00 

21  first-class  musicians,  each 348.00 

7  second-class  musicians,  each 300.00 

1  steam-pipe  fitter 730.00 

Per  Diem. 

Captain  of  watch  and  weigher $2.50 

4  watchmen,  each 2.00 

1  foreman  of  the  gas  and  steam-heating 

works 5.00 

1  attendant  of  the  gas  and  .-team  heating 

works 3.00 

1  attendant  of  the  gas  and  stc-am-heating 

works 2.50 

8  attendants  of  the  gas  and  steam-heating 

works,  each 2.00 

1  foreman  of  joiners..., 3.50 

1         "  painters 3.50 

1  "  masons 3.50 

2  joiners,  each 2.50 

1  painter 2.50 

1  mason 2.50 

1  tinner 2.50 

1  gasfitter 2.50 

1  mechanic 2.25 

I  master-laborer 2.28 

3  laborers,  each 2.00 

II  "  "     1.50 

1  laborer  to  superintend  cade's'  quarters..  2.00 

1  master  boiler-maker 3.50 

1         "      machinist 3.50 

1  pattern-maker 3.50 

2  machinists,  each 2.50 

2  blacksmiths,  each 2.50 

1  moulder  2.50 

2  laborers,  each 1.50 


6  attendants,  each. 
20  servants,  each.. 


Per  Month. 

$20.00 

..  20.00 


REGULATIONS  GOVERNING  THE  AS- 
MISSION  OF  CANDIDATES  INTO  THE 
NAVAL  ACADEMY  AS  CADET-MID- 
SHIPMEN. 

NOMINATION. 

I.  The   number  of  Cadet-Midshipmen 
allowed  at  the  Academy  is  one  for  every 
Member  and  Delegate  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  ;  one  for  the  District  of 
Columbia  ;  and  ten  appointed  at  large. 

II.  The  nomination  of  candidates  for 
admission  from  the  District  of  Columbia 
and  at  large  is  made  by  the  President. 
The  nomination  of  a  candidate  from  any 
Congressional    District    or   Territory   is 
made   on    the    recommendation   of    the 
Member  or  Delegate  from  actual  residents 
of  his  District  or  Territory. 

III.  Each  year,  as  soon  after  the   5th 
of  March  as  possible,  Members  and  Dele- 
gates will  be  notified  in  writing  of  vacan- 
cies that  may  exist  in  their  districts.     If 
such    Members  or   Delegates   neglect  to 
recommend  candidates  by  the  1st  of  July 
in  that   year,  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 
is  required  by  law  to  fill  the  vacancies 
existing  in  districts  actually  represented 
in  Congress.     They  will  be  filled  by  ap- 
pointments   from  the  districts  in  which 
the  vacancies  exist. 

IV.  The  nomination  of  candidates  is 
made  annually  between  the  5th  of  March 
and  the  1st  of  July.     Candidates  who  are 
nominated  in  time  to  enable  them  to  reach 
the  Academy  on  the  llth  of  June  will 
receive  permission  to  present  themselves 
at  that  time  to  the  Superintendent  of  the 
Naval    Academy  for   examination   as  to 
their  qualifications  for  admission.     Those 
who  are  nominated  prior  to  July  1,  but 
not  in  time  to  attend  the  June  examina- 
tion, will  be  examined  on  the  22d  of  Sep- 
tember following  ;  and  should  any  candi- 
date fail  to  report,  or  be  found  physically 
or  mentally  disqualified  for  admission,  in 
June,  the  Member  or  Delegate  from  whose 
district  he  was  nominated  will  be  notified 
to    recommend    another  candidate,   who 
shall  be  examined  on  the  22d  of  Septem- 
ber following.     When  any  of  the  dates 
assigned  for  examinations  fall  on  Sunday, 
the  examination  will  take  place  on  the 
following  Monday. 

V.  A  sound  body  and  healthy  consti- 
tution, good  mental  abilities,  a  natural 
aptitude  for  study  and  habits  of  applica- 
tion, persistent   effort,  an  obedient   and 
orderly   disposition,    and   correct   moral 
principles  and  deportment,  are  so  neces- 
sary to  success  in  pursuing  the  course  at 
the  Academy,  that  persons  conscious  of 
any    deficiency    in    these    respects    are 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


199 


earnestly  recommended  not  to  subject 
themselves  or  their  friends  to  the  morti- 
fication and  disappointment  consequent 
upon  failure,  by  accepting  nominations 
and  attempting  to  enter  a  service  for 
which  they  are  not  fitted. 

EXAMINATION. 

VI.  Each  candidate  for  appointment  as 
Cadet-Midshipman  must  present  to   the 
Academic  Board  satisfactory  testimonials 
of  good  moral  character,  and  must  certify 
on  honor  to  his  precise  age,  which  must 
be  over  fourteen  and  less  than  eighteen 
years  at  the  time  of  the  examination.    No 
candidate  will    be  examined  whose  age 
does    not    fall    within     the     prescribed 
limits. 

VII.  Candidates   must   be  physically 
sound,  well  formed,  and  of  robust  consti- 
tution 5  they  will  be  required  to  pass  a 
satisfactory  examination  before  a  Medical 
Board  composed  of  the   surgeon  of  the 
Naval  Academy  and  two  other  medical 
officers,  to  be  designated  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Navy. 

VIII.  Any  one  of  the  following  con- 
ditions will  be  sufficient  to  cause  the  re- 
jection of  a  candidate  : 

Feeble  constitution,  inherited  or  ac- 
quired 5 

Greatly-retarded  development ; 

Permanently-impaired  general  health  ; 

Decided  cachexia,  diathesis,  or  predis- 
position ; 

All  chronic  diseases,  or  results  of  in- 
juries that  would  permanently  impair 
efficiency,  viz. : 

Weak  or  disordered  intellect ; 

Cutaneous  and  communicable  diseases ; 

Unnatural  curvature  of  spine,  torti- 
collis, or  other  deformity : 

Permanent  inefficiency  of  either  of  the 
extremities  or  articulations  from  any 
cause  ; 

Epilepsy  or  other  convulsions  within 
five  years ; 

Impaired  vision,  or  chronic  disease  of 
the  organs  of  vision  ; 

Great  hardness  of  hearing,  or  chronic 
disease  of  the  ears  ; 

Chronic  nasal  catarrh,  ozoena,  polypi, 
or  great  enlargement  of  the  tonsils  ; 

Impediment  of  speech  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  impair  efficiency  in  the  performance 
of  duty  ; 

Chronic  diseases  of  heart  or  lungs,  or 
decided  indications  of  liability  to  cardiac 
or  pulmonary  affections ; 

Hernia,or  retention  of  testes  in  inguinal 
cavity  ; 


Sarcocele,  hydrocele,  stricture,  fistula, 
or  hemorrhoids  ; 

Large  varicose  veins  of  lower  limbs, 
scrotum,  or  cord  ; 

Chronic  ulcers. 

Attention  will  also  be  paid  to  the  stat- 
ure of  the  candidate  ;  and  no  one  mani' 
festly  under  size  for  his  age  will  be  re- 
ceived into  the  Academy.  In  case  of 
doubt  about  the  physical  condition  of  the 
candidate,  any  marked  deviation  from  the 
usual  standard  of  height  will  add  materi- 
ally to  the  consideration  for  rejection. 
Five  feet  will  be  the  minimum  height  for 
the  candidate. 

The  Board  will  exercise  a  proper  dis- 
cretion in  the  application  of  the  above 
conditions  to  each  case,  rejecting  no  can-; 
didate  who  is  likely  to  be  efficient  in  the 
service,  and  admitting  no  one  who  is 
likely  to  prove  physically  inefficient.  No1 
candidate  rejected  by  the  Board  will  be 
allowed  a  re-examination. 

IX.  The  candidate  must  pass  a  satis- 
factory examination  before  the  Academic 
Board  in  reading,  writing,  spelling,  arith- 
metic, geography,  and  English  grammar. 

X.  All  the   examinations,    except   in 
reading,  will  be  written.     Candidates  who 
fall    below   the   standard  will   receive  a 
second  and  final  examination  in  the  sub- 
jects in  which  they  fail.      Deficiency  in 
any  one  of  the  subjects  at  the  second  ex- 
amination will  be  sufficient  to  insure  re- 
jection. 

XL  "  Candidates  rejected  at  such  ex- 
aminations  shall  not  have  the  privilege 
of  another  examination  for  admission  to 
the  same  class  unless  recommended  by 
the  Board  of  Examiners."  (Rev.  Stat., 
\  1515.) 

GENERAL  CHARACTER  OP  THE  QUESTIONS. 

XII.  ARITHMETIC. — Notation  and  NU* 
meration. — The  candidate  is  required  to 
express  in  figures  any  whole  number, 
decimal,  or  mixed  number;  to  write  in 
words  any  given  number ;  and  to  explain 
the  Roman  and  Arabic  systems  of  nota- 
tion. 

Denominate  Numbers. — The  tables  of 
money,  weights,  and  measures  in  com- 
mon use,  including  English  money ;  ad- 
dition, subtraction,  multiplication,  and 
division  of  denominate  numbers :  the 
relation  existing  between  the  troy  and 
avoirdupois  pound ;  number  of  cubic 
inches  in  a  gallon  ;  reduction  of  differ- 
ences of  longitude  to  their  equivalents  in 
time,  and  vice  versa. 

Fractions. — The    candidate     must    be 


200 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


familiar  with  all  processes  of  common 
and  decimal  fractions,  and  is  expected  to 
be  able  to  give  clearly  the  reasons  for 
such  processes,  and  to  be  familiar  with 
the  contracted  methods  of  multiplication 
and  division  given  in  the  ordinary  text- 
books on  arithmetic. 

Properties  of  Numbers. — Test  of  divisi- 
bility of  numbers  by  2,  3,  5,  8,  9,  11,  25, 
125,  etc. ;  the  resolution  of  composite 
numbers  into  prime  factors ;  the  method 
of  determining  whether  any  number  is 
prime  or  composite,  and  of  finding  the 
greatest  common  divisor  and  the  least 
common  multiple  of  large  as  well  as  of 
email  numbers. 

Ratio  and  Proportion. — Definitions  and 
explanations  of  the  nature  of  ratio  and 
proportion  ;  different  methods  of  writing 
a  proportion  ;  solution  of  problems  in 
simple  and  compound  proportion. 

Percentage,  Interest,  and  Discount. — Ex- 
amples usually  given  under  these  heads 
in  arithmetics. 

Mensuration. — The  measurement  of 
rectangular  surfaces  and  volumes. 

Evolution. — The  extraction  of  square 
and  cube  roots. 

Analysis.  —  Miscellaneous  problems 
usually  classed  under  this  head,  similar 
to  those  found  in  school  arithmetics.  It 
is  essential  that  the  candidate  shall  be 
thoroughly  proficient  in  .all  branches  of 
arithmetic;  unusual  excellence  in  this 
will  be  allowed  to  count  in  his  favor  in 
case  of  a  slight  deficiency  in  other  sub- 
jects. 

Should  persons  intending  to  present 
themselves  as  candidates  acquire  a  knowl- 
edge of  algebra,  it  will  be  found  to  be  of 
material  assistance  in  the  course  of  study 
pursued  at  the  Academy,  although  not 
required  for  admission. 

When  practicable,  should  the  candi- 
date so  prefer,  algebraic  solutions  of 
problems  may  be  substituted  for  arith- 
metical solutions. 

GEOGRAPHY. — Candidates  will  be  ques- 
tioned on  the  grand  divisions  of  the  land 
and  water  ;  the  character  of  coast-lines  ; 
the  direction  and  position  of  mountain- 
chains,  and  the  locality  of  important 
peaks  5  the  position  and  course  of  rivers, 
their  tributaries,  and  the  bodies  of  water 
into  which  they  empty;  the  position  of 
important  seas,  bays,  gulfs,  and  arms  of 
the  sea  ;  the  political  divisions  of  the  land, 
their  position,  boundaries,  and  capital 
cities ;  the  position  and  direction  of  great 
peninsulas,  and  the  situation  of  impor- 
tant and  prominent  capes  ;  straits,  sounds, 
channels,  and  the  most  important  canals  ; 


great  lakes,  and  inland  seas ;  position 
and  political  connection  of  imp'ortant 
islands  and  colonial  possessions  ;  locality 
of  cities  of  historical,  political,  or  com- 
mercial importance  (attention  is  specially 
called  to  the  rivers  and  bodies  of  water 
on  which  cities  are  situated)  ;  the  course 
of  a  vessel  in  making  a  voyage  between 
well-known  seaports. 

GRAMMAR. — Candidates  will  be  ex- 
amined in  the  whole  of  English  grammar 
as  treated  in  the  common-school  text- 
books, embracing  the  following  subjects  : 
The  divisions  of  letters  and  the  use  of 
capitals ;  the  parts  of  speech  ;  the  classi- 
fication of  nouns,  and  the  distinctions  of 
persons,  gender,  and  number ;  under 
number,  the  rules  for  the  formation  of 
the  plural,  nouns  irregular  and  defective 
in  number,  the  plural  of  proper  names  ; 
under  case,  the  different  uses  of  the  three 
cases,  the  rules  for  inflection,  the  changes 
in  ending  to  denote  case ;  the  difference 
between  the  definite  and  indefinite  article, 
and  the  use  of  a  or  an;  the  classification 
of  adjectives;  the  explanation  of  the 
different  degrees  of  comparison  ;  the  rules 
for  comparing  adjectives  ;  irregular  and 
defective  comparison;  numerals  and  their 
classification ;  the  double  classification 
of  pronouns,  first,  into  substantives  and 
adjectives,  secondly,  into  personals,  rela- 
tives, etc.  ;  peculiarities  in  the  use  of 
personal  pronouns,  as  the  difference  be- 
tween my  and  mine,  between  thou  and 
you,  and  the  various  uses  of  it ;  com- 
pound personal  pronouns  ;  the  double 
office  of  relatives,  and  the  different  classes 
of  objects  to  which  each  of  them  is 
applied  ;  compound  relative  pronouns ; 
interrogative  pronouns  ;  adjective  pro- 
nouns, or  pronominal  adjectives,  and 
their  classification  ;  the  classification  and 
conjugation  of  verbs;  the  relations  be- 
tween transitive  and  intransitive  verbs ; 
the  principal  parts  of  regular,  irregular, 
and  defective  verbs  ;  the  uses  and  inflec- 
tion of  auxiliaries ;  the  essential  pecu- 
liarities in  the  use  of  voice,  mood,  tense, 
number,  and  person  ;  tense-endings  and 
personal  endings  ;  impersonal  verbs  ;  the 
classification,  formation,  and  comparison 
of  adverbs  ;  conjunctive  adverbs ;  the  use 
of  prepositions,  interjections,  and  conjunc- 
tions, with  the  classification  of  the  latter. 

The  rules  for  the  construction  and  ar- 
rangement of  words  and  sentences,  given 
under  syntax. 

Parsing,  according  to  the  following 
model ;  giving  in  the  case  of  each  word 
the  explanation  of  its  grammatical  rela- 
tion to  the  other  words  in  the  sentence 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


201 


Noun:  Class,  gender,  number,  person, 
case. 

Article :  Definite  or  indefinite  j  quali- 
fied noun. 

Adjective:  Class,  compared  or  not  com- 
pared ;  comparison,  if  admitting  it ;  de- 
gree of  comparison  ;  qualified  noun. 

Personal  pronoun:  Person,  gender, 
number,  case. 

Relative  pronoun:  Person,  gender, 
number,  case,  antecedent. 

Interrogative  pronoun :  Gender,  num- 
ber, case. 

Adjective  pronoun  (or  pronominal  ad- 
jective) :  Class  ;  qualified  word. 
«     Verb:    Class,   form,    principal    parts, 
tense,  mood,  voice,  person,  number,  sub- 
ject. 

Adverb :  Class,  derivation  and  compar- 
ison, if  derived  and  compared  ;  qualified 
word. 

Preposition  :  Words  between  which  the 
relation  is  shown  by  the  preposition. 

Interjection :  The  kind  of  emotion  ex- 
pressed. 

Conjunction :  Class ;  words  or  sen- 
tences connected. 

READING. — Candidates  will  be  ex- 
amined in  reading  aloud  English  prose. 

WRITING  AND  SPELLING. — Candidates 
will  be  required  to  write  a  short  original 
letter,  and  an  exercise  in  dictation,  and 
to  spell  twenty-four  words  in  common  use. 

An  examination  in  English  branches 
containing  eight  or  more  mistakes  in 
spelling  will  not  be  considered  satis- 
factory, and  will  be  sufficient  of  itself 
to  cause  the  rejection  of  the  candidate. 

ADMISSION. 

XIII.  Candidates  who  pass  the  physi- 
cal and  mental  examinations  will  receive 
appointments  as  Cadet-Midshipmen,  and 
become  inmates  of  the  Academy.     Each 
Cadet  will  be  required  to  sign  articles  by 
which  he  binds  himself  to  serve  in  the 
United  States  Navy  eight  years  (includ- 
ing his  time  of  probation   at  the  Naval 
Academy),    unless     sooner     discharged. 
The  Academic  course  is  six  years.     The 
pay  of  a   Cadet-Midshipman   is  $500  a 
year,  commencing  at  the  date  of  his  ad- 
mission. 

XIV.  Cadets,  immediately  after  their 
admission,  will  supply  themselves  with 
the  following  articles,  viz. : 

parade-suit $37.72 

undress-suit  20.95 

working-suit 2.41 

overcoat 23.30 

rubber  coat 4.54 


1  parade-cap $4.10 

1  undress-cap 1.63 

*2  pairs  high  shoes 11.50 

*8  white  shirts 11.04 

*2  night-shirts 2.10 

*4  under-shirts 2.24 

12  linen  collars 1.68 

*8  pairs  socks 2.00 

*4  pairs,  drawers 2.12 

#6  handkerchiefs 1.62 

*8  towels 2.06 

2  pairs  drill-gloves 1.16 

2  pairs  Lisle-thread  gloves 50 

#1  pair  suspenders 38 

1  neck-tie 50 

2  clothes-bags 50 

1  hair  mattress 6.75 

1  straw  mattress 1.32 

1  hair  pillow 83 

1  pair  blankets 3.87 

2  bedspreads 2.10 

6  sheets 3.66 

4  pillow-cases 1.00 

•1  tooth-brush 23 

*1  hair-brush 73 

*1  whisk 17 

#1  coarse  comb 10 

#1  fine  comb 39 

1  mug 10 

*1  cake  soap 10 

1  soap-dish 10 

1  requisition-book 30 

1  laundry-book 30 

1  pass-book 30 

1  stencil  and  ink  ;  1  brush 41 

#1  thread-and-needle  case 53 

1  rug 1.55 

1  wash-basin  and  pitcher 1.30 

1  looking-glass 85 

1  water-pail 65 

1  slop-bucket 57 

1  broom 27 

Total $162.47 

The  articles  marked  *,  not  being  re- 
quired to  conform  to  a  standard  pattern, 
may  be  brought  by  the  Cadet  from  home, 
but  all  other  articles  must  conform  to  the 
regulations,  and  must,  therefore,  be  sup- 
plied by  the  storekeeper. 

Each  Cadet-Midshipman  must,  on  ad- 
mission, deposit  with  the  paymaster  the 
sum  of  $20,  for  which  he  will  be  credited 
on  the  books  of  that  officer,  to  be  ex- 
pended, by  direction  of  the  Superintend- 
ent, in  the  purchase  of  text-books  and 
other  authorized  articles  besides  those 
enumerated  in  the  preceding  article. 

All  the  deposits  for  clothing,  and  the 
entrance-deposits  of  $20,  must  be  made 
before  a  candidate  can  be  received  into 
the  Academy. 

SUMMARY  OF  EXPENSES. 

Deposit  for  clothing $162.47 

Deposit  for  books,  etc 20.00 


Total  deposit  required $182.47 


202 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


The  value  of  clothing  brought  from 
home  is  to  be  deducted  from  this  amount. 

Each  Cadet-Midshipman,  one  month 
after  admission,  will  be  credited  with  the 
amount  of  his  actual  expenses  in  travel- 
ling from  his  home  to  the  Academy. 

XV.  A  Cadet-Midshipman  who  volun- 
tarily resigns  his  appointment  within  a 
year  of  the  time  of  his  admission  to  the 
Academy  will  be  required  to  refund  the 
amount  paid  him  for  travelling  expenses. 

Upon  graduation,  to  complete  which 
two  years'  service  at  sea,  after  passing 
the  academic  course,  is  requisite,  Cadets 
receive  appointments  as  Midshipmen  in 
the  navy,  and  according  to  their  pro- 
ficiency as  shown  by  their  order  of  merit 
at  the  date  of  graduation. 

REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  APPOINT- 
MENT OF  CADET-ENGINEERS  IN 
THE  UNITED  STATES  NAVY. 

I.  In  pursuance  of  law,  applications 
will  be  received  by  the  Navy  Department 
for  the  appointment  of  Cadet-Engineers. 

II.  The  application  is  to  be  addressed 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  can  be 
made  by  the  candidate  or  by  any  person 
for  him,  and  his  name  will  be  placed  on 
the  register.      The  registry  of  a  name, 
however,  gives  no  assurance  of  an  ap- 
pointment,   and   no    preference  will    be 
given  in  the  selection  to  priority  of  appli- 
cation. 

III.  The    number    of    appointments 
which  can  be  made  is  limited  by  law  to 
twenty-five   each   year.      The   candidate 
must  not  be  less  than  sixteen  nor  more 
than  twenty  years  of  age  ;  he  will  be  re- 
quired to  certify  on  honor  to  his  precise 
age,  to  the  Academic  Board,  previous  to 
his  examination,  and  no  one  will  be  ex- 
amined who  is  over  or  under  the  pre- 
scribed age.      His  application   must  be 
accompanied  by  satisfactory  evidence  of 
moral  character  and  health,  with  infor- 
mation regarding  date  of  birth  and  edu- 
cational   advantages    hitherto    enjoyed. 
Candidates  who  receive  permission  will 
present  themselves  to  the  Superintendent 
of  the  Naval  Academy  on  the  15th  of 
September  for  examination   as   to  their 
qualifications  for  admission. 

IV.  The  course  of  study  will  comprise 
four  years  at  the  Naval  Academy,  and 
two  additional  years  at  sea.     All  Cadets 
who   finally   graduate   will    be   commis- 
sioned Assistant  Engineers  in  the  Navy 
as  vacancies  occur.     The  pay  of  a  Cadet- 
Engineer  while  at  the  Naval  Academy  is 
$500  per  annum. 


V.  The  academic  examination  previous 
to  appointment  will  be  competitive,  and 
will  be  on  the  following  subjects,  namely : 
Arithmetic ;  algebra,  through  equations  of 
the  first  degree;  plane  geometry ;  rudimen- 
tary natural  philosophy  ;  reading  ;  writ- 
ing; spelling;  English  grammar;  English 
composition  ;  geography  ;  free-hand  draw- 
ing, and  an  elementary  knowledge  of  the 
principles  governing   the  action  of  the 
steam-engine.      Candidates  who   possess 
the  greatest  skill  and  experience  in  the 
practical  knowledge  of  machinery,  other 
qualifications  being  equal,  shall  have  pre- 
cedence for  admission. 

Persons  who  contemplate  presenting 
themselves  as  candidates  for  admission  as 
Cadet-Engineers  are  cautioned  that  the 
number  of  applicants  is  large,  and  the 
competition  exceedingly  close.  It  is, 
therefore,  useless  for  candidates  to  pre- 
sent themselves  unless  well  prepared  on 
the  subjects  of  the  examination,  and  un- 
less their  physical  qualifications  are 
within  the  prescribed  standard. 

VI.  Candidates    must    be    physically 
sound,  well  formed,  and  of  robust  con- 
stitution ;  they  will  be  required  to  pass  a 
satisfactory  examination  before  a  Medical 
Board  composed  of  the  surgeon  of  the 
Naval  Academy  and  two  other  medical 
officers  to  be  designated  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Navy. 

The  requirements  relative  to  the  phys- 
ical condition  of  candidates  for  admission 
as  Engineer  Cadets  are  the  same  as  those 
prescribed  for  Cadet-Midshipmen,  as  set 
forth  on  page  179. 

VII.  Cadets,  immediately   after   their 
admission,  will   supply  themselves  with 
the  same  articles  as  required  of  Cadet- 
Midshipmen. 

VIII.  Each  Cadet-Engineer  must,  on 
admission,  deposit  with  the  paymaster  the 
sum  of  $50,  for  which  he  will  be  credited 
on  the  books  of  that  officer,  to  be  ex- 
pended, by  direction  of  the  Superintend- 
ent, in   the  purchase  of  text-books  and 
other  authorized  articles. 

All  the  deposits  for  clothing,  and  the 
entrance  deposit  of  $50,  must  be  made 
before  a  candidate  can  be  received  into 
the  Academy. 

SUMMARY  OP  EXPENSES. 

Deposit  for  clothing $162.47 

Deposit  for  books  and  instruments 50.00 

Total  deposit  required $212.47 

The  value  of  clothing  brought  from 
home  is  to  be  deducted  from  this  amount. 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


203 


Each  Cadet-Engineer,  one  month  after 
admission,  will  be  credited  with  the 
amount  of  his  actual  expenses  in  travel- 
ling from  his  home  to  the  Academy. 

IX.  A  Cadet-Engineer  who  voluntarily 
resigns  his  appointment  within  a  year  of 
the  time  of  his  admission  to  the  Academy 
will  be  required  to  refund  the  amount 
paid  him  for  travelling  expenses. 


UNITED  STATES  NAVY. 

The  Line-Officers  of  the  navy  are 
classed  as  follows : 

Admiral.          Lieutenant-Commander. 

Vice-Admiral.  Lieutenant. 

Rear-Admiral. Master. 

Commodore.     Ensign. 

Captain.  Midshipman. 

Commander. 

Naval  command  is  exercised  by  the 
above-designated  officers  in  the  order 
named. 

The  officers  of  the  Staff  of  the  navy 
consist  of  the  Medical,  Pay,  and  Engi- 
neer Corps,  Chaplains,  Professors  of 
Mathematics,  Naval  Constructors,  and 
Secretaries  to  Admiral  and  Vice-Admiral. 

When  the  offices  of  Admiral  and  Vice- 
Admiral  become  vacant,  the  grades  will 
cease  to  exist. 

The  present  active  list  of  the  navy 
comprises  the  following:  One  Admiral ; 
one  Vice-Admiral,  eleven  Rear- Admirals, 
twenty-five  Commodores,  fifty  Captains, 
ninety-one  Commanders,  eighty  Lieu- 
tenant-Commanders, two  hundred  and 
eighty  Lieutenants,  one  hundred  Mas- 
ters, one  hundred  Ensigns,  and  forty-four 
Midshipmen. 

The  Admiral  and  Vice-Admiral  each 
are  allowed  a  secretary,  with  the  rank 
and  allowances  of  a  lieutenant. 


MEDICAL  CORPS. 

This  Corps  consists  of  fifteen  Medical 
Directors,  fifteen  Medical  Inspectors, 
fifty  Surgeons,  and  one  hundred  Assist- 
ant Surgeons. 

PAY  CORPS. 

This  Corps  consists  of  thirteen  Pay 
Directors,  thirteen  Pay  Inspectors,  fifty 
Paymasters,  thirty  Passed  Assistant 
Paymasters,  and  twenty  Assistant  Pay- 
masters. 

Paymasters  of  the  fleet  of  vessels 
having  complements  of  more  than  175 
persons,  on  supply  steamers,  store-vessels, 


and  receiving-ships,  at  stations  and  at 
the  Naval  Academy,  and  those  detailed 
at  stations  as  inspectors  of  provisions  and 
clothing,  are  each  allowed  a  clerk. 

ENGINEER  CORPS. 

This  Corps  consists  of  seventy  Chief 
Engineers,  of  three  grades,  viz. :  ten  with 
the  relative  rank  of  captain,  fifteen  with 
that  of  commander,  and  forty-five  with 
that  of  lieutenant-commander,  or  lieu- 
tenant-, one  hundred  and  forty  Assistant 
Engineers,  with  the  relative  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant, master,  or  ensign. 

Twenty-four  chaplains  are  allowed  for 
the  public  armed  vessels  in  actual  service. 

Twelve  professors  of  mathematics  are 
allowed. 

Naval  constructors  and  assistant  naval 
constructors,  in  such  number  as  may  be 
necessary,  are  appointed,  and  they  have 
rank  and  pay  as  officers  of  the  navy. 

A  civil  engineer  and  naval  storekeeper 
is  allowed  for  each  of  the  navy-yards. 

The  number  of  persons  who  may  at 
one  time  be  enlisted  in  the  Navy  of  the 
United  States,  including  seamen,  ordinary 
seamen,  landsmen,  mechanics,  firemen, 
coal-heavers,  and  including  750  appren- 
tices and  boys,  shall  not  exceed  8250. 

The  term  of  enlistment  is  not  less  than 
three  nor  more  than  five  years ;  boys  be- 
tween the  ages  of  fifteen  and  eighteen 
may  be  enlisted  until  they  arrive  at  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years,  with  the  consent 
of  parents  or  guardians. 


PROVISIONS  FOR  THE  RETIREMENT 
OF  NAVY  OFFICERS. 

Officers  are  retired  on  their  own  appli- 
cation, after  forty  years'  service ;  and 
when  sixty-two  years  old,  with  some  ex- 
ceptions, they  are  retired.  They  are,  also, 
retired  on  account  of  disability,  to  be 
inquired  into  and  reported  upon  by  a 
board  ;  and  if  the  disability  is  the  result 
of  an  incident  of  the  service,  the  officer 
is  entitled  to  full  retired  pay, — that  is, 
seventy-five  per  cent,  of  active  pay, — but 
if  the  disability  is  not  the  result  of  ah 
incident  of  the  service,  the  officer  will 
only  be  entitled  to  furlough  pay. 

Officers  of  the  Medical,  Pay,  and  Engi- 
neer Corps,  chaplains,  professors  of  math- 
ematics, and  constructors  who  shall  have 
served  faithfully  for  forty-five  years,  shall, 
when  retired,  have  the  relative  rank  of 
commodore  ;  and  officers  of  these  several 
corps  who  have  been  or  shall  be  retired 
at  the  age  of  sixty-two  years,  before  hav- 


204 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


ing  served  for  forty-five  years,  but  who 
shall  have  served  faithfully  until  retired, 
shall,  on  the  completion  of  forty  years 
from  their  entry  into  service,  have  the 
relative  rank  of  commodore. 


KELATIVE  NAVY  RANK. 

Admiral,  with  general. 

Vice-Admiral,  with  lieutenant-general. 

Rear-Admiral,  with  major-general. 

Commodore,  with  brigadier-general. 

Captain,  with  colonel. 

Commander,  with  lieutenant-colonel. 

Lieutenant-Commander,  with  major. 

Lieutenant,  with  captain. 

Master,  with  first  lieutenant. 

Ensign,  with  second  lieutenant. 

The  Chiefs  of  the  Bureaus  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery ;  Provisions  and  Clothing ; 
Steam  Engineering;  and  Construction 
and  Repair,  Navy  Department,  have  the 
relative  rank  of  commodore  while  hold- 
ing said  positions,  and  have  respectively 
the  title  of  Surgeon-General,  Paymaster- 
General,  Chief  Engineer,  and  Chief  Con- 
structor. 

Officers  of  the  Medical  Corps  on  the 
active  list  have  relative  rank  in  the  navy 
as  follows : 

Medical  directors,  the  rank  of  captain. 

Medical  inspectors,  rank  of  comman- 
der. 

Surgeons,  rank  of  lieutenant-comman- 
der, or  lieutenant. 

Passed  assistant  surgeons,  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant, or  master. 

Assistant  surgeons,  rank  of  master,  or 
ensign. 

Officers  of  the  Pay  Corps  rank  as  fol- 
lows : 

Pay  directors,  rank  of  captain. 

Pay  inspectors,  rank  of  commander. 

Paymasters,  rank  of  lieutenant-com- 
mander, or  lieutenant. 

Passed  assistant  paymasters,  rank  of 
lieutenant,  or  master. 

Assistant  paymasters,  rank  of  master, 
or  ensign. 

Chaplains  rank  as  follows  : 

Four  have  relative  rank  of  captain ; 
seven  of  commander  ;  and  seven  of  lieu- 
tenant-commander, or  lieutenant. 

Professors  of  mathematics  rank  as  fol- 
lows : 

Three  have  relative  rank  of  captain ; 
four  of  commander ;  and  five  of  lieuten- 
ant-commander, or  lieutenant. 

Naval  constructors  rank  as  follows  : 

Two  have  relative  rank  of  captain ; 
three  of  commander :  and  all  the  others 
of  lieutenant-commander,  or  lieutenant. 


Assistant  naval  constructors,  rank  of 
lieutenant,  or  master. 

Officers  of  the  Medical,  Pay,  and  Engi- 
neer Corps  have  no  authority  to  exercise 
military  command. 


UNITED  STATES  NAVY  VESSELS. 

The  vessels  of  the  navy  are  classed  as 
follows : 

First-rates  comprise  steamships  of 
4000  tons  displacement  and  upwards ; 
iran-clad  steamers  of  3000  tons  measure- 
ment and  upwards ;  ships-of-the-line, 
commissioned  for  sea  service. 

Second-rates  comprise  steamships  of 
2000  to  4000  tons  displacement;  iron- 
clad steamers  of  2000  to  3000  tons 
measurement ;  frigates  (sailing),  com- 
missioned for  sea  service. 

Third-rates  comprise  steamships  of 
900  to  2000  tons  displacement ;  iron-clad 
steamers  of  1200  to  2000  tons  measure- 
ment ;  sloops-of-war  (sailing),  commis- 
sioned for  sea  service. 

Fourth-rates  comprise  steamships  below 
800  tons  displacement,  despatch-vessels, 
and  store-ships. 

DETAIL  OF  COMMAND. 

Officers  of  the  navy  are  assigned  to 
command  as  follows  : 

An  Admiral  may  command  a  fleet  or 
fleets. 

A  Vice-Admiral  may  command  a  fleet, 
or  a  division  of  a  fleet,  under  the  Admiral; 
be  Commander-in-Chief  of  a  squadron  ;  or 
may  command  a  naval  station. 

A  Rear- Admiral  may  command  a  fleet 
or  squadron,  a  squadron  or  division, 
under  an  Admiral  or  Vice-Admiral  ;  be 
Chief  of  Staff  of  a  naval  force,  under  an 
Admiral  or  Vice-Admiral ;  or  may  com- 
mand a  naval  station. 

A  Commodore  may  command  a  division 
or  a  squadron,  or  be  Chief  of  Staff  of  a 
naval  force  commanded  by  an  Admiral,  a 
Vice-  or  Rear-Admiral ;  or  may  command 
ships  of  the  first  class,  naval  stations,  or 
the  vessel  of  an  Admiral,  Vice-Admiral, 
or  Rear-Admiral  commanding  a  fleet. 

A  Captain  commands  a  vessel  of  the 
second  class,  or  a  vessel  of  the  first  class 
under  an  Admiral,  Vice-  or  Rear-Admiral, 
or  a  Commodore  ;  may  be  employed  as 
aid  to  any  grade  of  Admiral  ;  as  Chief  of 
Staff  to  a  naval  force  or  detached  divi- 
sion, commanded  by  a  Rear-Admiral  or 
Commodore  ;  on  duty  under  a  Bureau  of 
the  Navy  Department ;  act  as  second  in 
command  of  a  shore-station  ;  and  may 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


205 


command  small  practice  or  flying  squad- 
rons. 

A  Commander  commands  vessels  of  the 
third  and  fourth  classes;  may  be  em- 
ployed as  Chief  of  Staff  to  a  Commodore  ; 
on  duty  under  a  Bureau  ;  or  as  aide  to  a 
flag-officer  of  either  grade  on  shore-sta- 
tions. 

A  Lieutenant- Commander  may  act  as 
aid  to  an  Admiral,  Vice-Admiral,  Rear- 
Admiral,  or  Commodore  commanding 
afloat ;  as  aid  or  executive  of  a  command- 
ing officer  5  navigating  or  watch-officer 
in  first,  second,  and  third  rates  ;  and  per- 
forms duty  at  shore-stations  or  under  a 
Bureau,  and  may  be  ordered  to  command 
a  vessel  of  the  fourth  class. 

A  Lieutenant  may  perform  duty  on 
board  vessels  of  all  classes  ;  he  may  per- 
form duty  in  the  engine-room  should  it 
be  necessary,  and  will  perform  such  duty 
on  shore-stations  as  may  be  assigned 
him. 

A  Master  may  be  attached  to  all  classes 
of  vessels,  performing  such  duties  as  may 
be  assigned  by  the  commanding  officer, 
including  duty  in  the  engine-room  if 
necessary. 

Ensigns  are  ordered  to  the  different 
classes  of  vessels  ;  perform  duty  in  the 
engine-room  if  required  ;  the  duties  of 
Masters'  Mates  on  decks,  hold,  and  fore- 
castle, and  such  other  duties  as  may  be 
assigned  by  the  commanding  officer. 

Midshipmen  and  Mates  perform  such 
duties  as  may  be  assigned  them  by  their 
commanding  officer,  including  duties  on 
the  several  decks,  in  the  hold,  and  in  the 
engine-room. 


PETTY  OFFICERS. 

The  Petty  Officers  of  the  navy  are 
divided  into  two  classes :  Petty  Officers 
of  the  Line  and  Petty  Officers. 

The  class  of  Petty  Officers  of  the  Line, 
and  the  order  of  rank,  with  the  order  of 
their  succession  to  command,  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

1.  Boatswains'  Mates. 

2.  Gunners'  Mates. 

3.  Signal  Quartermaster. 

4.  Coxswain  to  Commander-in-Chief. 

5.  Captains  of  Forecastle. 

6.  Quartermasters. 

7.  Quarter-Gunners. 

8.  Coxswains. 

9.  Captains  of  Maintop. 

10.  Captains  of  Foretop. 

11.  Captains  of  Mizzentop. 

12.  Captains  of  Afterguard. 


All  other  Petty  Officers,  except  the 
Master-at-Arms,  who  is  the  chief  Petty 
Officer  in  the  vessel  in  which  he  serves, 
are  called  Petty  Officers,  and  take  prece- 
dence and  have  assimilated  rank  as  fol- 
lows : 

To  rank  next  after  the  Master-at-Arms: 

Ship's  Yeomen. 
Machinists. 
Engineers  Yeomen. 
Apothecaries. 
Paymaster's  Yeomen. 
Masters  of  the  Band. 
Schoolmasters. 
Ship's  Writers. 

To  rank  next  after  Gunner' s  Mates : 

Carpenter's  Mates. 
Boiler-Makers. 
Armorers. 
Sailmaker's  Mates. 

To  rank  next  after  Captain  of  Afterguard: 

Coppersmiths. 

Painters. 

Coopers. 

Armorer's  Mates. 

Ship's  Corporals. 

Captains  of  Hold. 

Ship's  Cooks. 

Bakers. 

Petty  Officers  exercise  no  authority  ex- 
cept in  the  department  in  which  they 
belong,  or  over  those  placed  immediately 
under  their  control.  Precedence  among 
those  of  the  same  rate  is  established  by 
the  commanding  officer. 

Marines. 

Orderly  Sergeants  of  Marines  rank 
next  after  Master-at-Arms ;  all  other 
Sergeants  with  Gunner's  Mates  :  and  all 
Corporals  with  Captain  of  Afterguard. 

Non-commissioned  officers  of  Marines 
cannot  exercise  military  authority  or 
command  over  those  not  of  their  corps, 
unless  on  guard  or  police  duty,  or  when 
specially  authorized  so  to  do  by  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  vessel  or  station. 

When  serving  afloat,  Petty  Officers  of 
the  navy  take  precedence  of  non-com- 
missioned officers  of  Marines  holding  the 
same  relative  rank  ;  but  when  serving  as 
troops  on  shore,  the  non-commissioned 
officers  take  precedence. 

The  officers  of  vessels  of  the  United 
States  Navy  shall  in  all  cases  be  citizens 
of  the  United  States. 


206 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


RATIONS. 

All  officers  and  seamen  are  entitled  to 
rations. 

The  daily  ration  of  the  navy  consists 
of  one  pound  of  salt  pork,  with  half  a 
pint  of  beans  or  peas ;  or  one  pound  of 
salt  beef,  with  half  a  pound  of  flour  and 
two  ounces  of  dried  apples,  or  other  dried 
fruit ;  or  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of 
preserved  meat,  with  half  a  pound  of  rice, 
two  ounces  of  butter,  and  one  ounce  of 
desiccated  "  mixed  vegetables  ;"  or  three- 
quarters  of  a  pound  of  preserved  meat, 
two  ounces  of  butter,  and  two  ounces  of 
desiccated  potatoes, together  with  fourteen 
ounces  of  biscuit,  one-quarter  of  an  ounce 


of  tea,  or  one  ounce  of  coffee  or  cocoa, 
and  two  ounces  of  sugar  ;  and  a  weekly 
allowance  of  half  a  pint  of  pickles,  half  a 
pint  of  molasses,  and  half  a  pint  of  vin- 
egar. 

The  commutation  price  of  a  single 
ration  is  thirty  cents. 

The  commanding  officer  of  any  fleet, 
squadron,  or  vessel  of  the  navy,  acting 
singly,  when  upon  the  high  seas,  or  in 
any  foreign  port,  where  there  is  no  resi- 
dent Consul  of  the  United  States,  is 
authorized  to  exercise  all  the  powers  of 
a  United  States  Consul  in  relation  to 
mariners. 

The  navy  is  governed  by  sixty  articles, 
prescribed  by  act  of  Congress. 


Pay  of  Officers  of  the  United  States  Navy. 


GEADE. 

At  Sea. 

On  Shore 
Duty. 

On  Leave 
or  Waiting 
Orders. 

$13  000 

$13  000 

$13  000 

9,000 

8,000 

6.000 

6  000 

5  000 

4  000 

5,000 

4,000 

3  000 

CAPTAINS  

4  500 

3  500 

2  800 

3,500 

3,000 

2,300 

LIEUTENANT-COMMANDERS  — 
First  four  years  after  date  of  commission  

2,800 

2,400 

2,000 

After  four  years  from  date  of  commission        .         . 

3  000 

2  600 

2  200 

LIEUTENANTS  — 
First  five  years  after  date  of  commission.           ...           . 

2  400 

2  000 

1  600 

After  five  years  from  date  of  commission  

2,600. 

2,200 

1,800 

MASTERS  — 
First  five  years  after  date  of  commission  

1,800 

1,500 

1,200 

After  five  years  from  date  of  commission.        .        .       . 

2  000 

1  700 

1  400 

ENSIGNS  — 
First  five  years  after  date  of  commission.             .          .... 

1  200 

1  000 

800 

1  400 

1,200 

1  000 

MIDSHIPMEN  (after  graduation)    

1  000 

800 

600 

500 

500 

500 

900 

700 

500 

MEDICAL  AND  PAY  DIRECTORS  AN&  MEDICAL  AND  PAY  INSPEC- 
TORS AND  CHIEF  ENGINEERS,  HAVING  THE  SAME  RANK,  AT  SEA.. 

4,400 

FLEET-  SURGEONS,  FLEET-PAYMASTERS,  AND  FLEET-ENGINEERS.. 

4,400 

SURGEONS,  PAYMASTERS,  AND  CHIEF  ENGINEERS  — 
First  five  years  after  date  of  commission 

2  800 

2  400 

2  000 

Second  five  years  after  date  of  commission  

3  200 

2  800 

2  400 

Third  five  years  after  date  of  commission 

3  500 

3  200 

2  600 

Fourth  five  years  after  date  of  commission  

3  700 

3  600 

2  800 

After  twenty  years  from  date  of  commission 

4  200 

4  000 

3  000 

PASSED  ASSISTANT  SURGEONS,  PASSED  ASSISTANT  PAYMASTERS, 
AND  PASSED  ASSISTANT  ENGINEERS  — 
First  five  years  after  date  of  appointment  

2  000 

1  800 

1,500 

After  five  years  from  date  of  appointment               . 

2  200 

2  000 

1  700 

ASSISTANT  SURGEONS,  ASSISTANT  PAYMASTERS,  AND  ASSISTANT 
ENGINEERS  — 

1  700 

1,400 

1,000 

After  five  years  from  date  of  appointment          

1  900 

1  600 

1  200 

CADET-ENGINEERS  — 
Before  final  academic  examination    ,  

500 

500 

500 

1,000 

800 

600 

*  After  leaving  Academy,  at  sea,  $950  per  annum. 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 

Pay  of  Officers  of  the  United  States  Navy.— (Continued.) 


207 


GRADE. 

At  Sea. 

On  Shore 
Duty. 

On  Leave 
or  Waiting 
Orders. 

NAVAL  CONSTRUCTORS  — 

$3,200 

$2,200 

3,400 

2,400 

3,700 

2,700 

4,000 

3,000 

4,200 

3,200 

ASSISTANT  NAVAL  CONSTRUCTORS  — 

2,000 

1,500 

2,200 

1,700 

2,600 

1,900 

CHAPLAINS  — 

$2,500 

2,000 

1,600 

After  five  years  from  date  of  commission             

2  800 

2,300 

1,900 

PROFESSORS  OP  MATHEMATICS  AND  CIVIL  ENGINEERS  — 
First  five  years  after  date  of  appointment            

2  400 

2,400 

1,500 

2,700 

2,700 

1,800 

Third  five  years  after  date  of  appointment         .  .             ... 

3  000 

3,000 

2,100 

3,500 

3,500 

2,600 

BOATSWAINS,  GUNNERS,  CARPENTERS,  AND  SAIL-MAKERS  — 

1,200 

900 

700 

Second  three  years  after  date  of  appointment          .. 

I  300 

1,000 

800 

Third  three  years  after  date  of  appointment  

1,400 

1,300 

900 

1,600 

1,300 

1,000 

1,800 

1,600 

1,200 

NOTE. — Officers  on  furlough  receive  half  of  leave  of  absence  pay. 


Pay  Table. 

SECRETARIES —  Per  Annum. 

To  Admiral  and  Vice-Admiral  (on  shore) $2500 

To  Naval  Academy 1800 

CLERKS — 

First  clerk  to  commandants  of  navy-yards 1500 

Second  clerks  to  commandants  of  navy-yards 1200 

To  commandant  at  navy-yard,  Mare  Island 1800 

To  commandants  of  naval  stations 1500 

CLERKS  TO  PAYMASTERS — 

At  navy-yard,  Mare  Island 1800 

At  navy-yards,  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  Washington 1600 

At  navy-yards,  Kittery,  Norfolk,  and  Pensacola 1400 

At  other  stations 1300 

At  receiving- ship,  Boston,  New  York,  and  Philadelphia 1600 

At  receiving-ship,  Mare  Island 1800 

At  other  receiving-ships,  on  vessels  of  the  first  rate,  at  the  Naval  Academy,  and  at 

the  Naval  Asylum 1300 

On  vessels  of  the  second  rate,  and  to  fleet-paymasters 1100 

On  vessels  of  the  third  rate,  and  supply-vessels  and  store-ships. 1000 

To  inspectors  in  charge  of  provisions  and  clothing  at  navy-yards,  Boston,  New  York, 

Philadelphia,  and  Washington 1600 

At  other  places  of  inspection 1300 

YEOMEN — 

To  paymasters,  first  class 750 

To  paymasters,  second  class  ($50  per  month) 600 

To  paymasters,  third  class  ($40  per  month) 480 

APOTHECARIES — 

At  Mare  Island 1000 

First  class... 750 

Second  class  ($40  per  month) 480 

Third  class  ($30  per  month)....!      360 


208 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 
Pay  Table— Petty  Officers,  Seamen,  etc. 


PAY  PER  MONTH. 

Hag-ship. 

1st  Rate. 

2d  Rate. 

3d  Rate. 

4th  Rate. 

Seamen  gunners  

$33.50 
31.50 
28.50 
31.50 
28.50 
31.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
31.50 
26.50 
76.50 
41.50 
41.50 
36.50 
23.50 
26.50 
31.50 
23.50 
23.50 
21.50 
15.50 
21.50 
17.50 
15.50 
15.50 
11.50 
10.50 
9.50 
31.50 
26.50 
21.50 
61.50 
61.50 
61.50 
36.50 
31.50 

$33.50 
31.50 
28.50 
31.50 
28.50 
31.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
31.50 
26.50 
76.50 
41.50 
41.50 
3650 
23.50 
^26.50 
31.50 
23.50 
23.50 
21.50 
15.50 
21.50 
17.50 
15.50 
15.50 
11.50 
10.50 
9.50 
31.50 
26.50 
21.50 
61.50 
61.50 
61.50 
36.50 
31.50 

$33.50 

$33.50 

Chief  boatswain's  mates 

Boatswains'  mates  

28.50 

28.50 

Chief  gunner's  mates 

Gunners'  mates  ... 

28.50 
31.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
31.50 
26.50 
76.50 
41.50 
41.50 
36.50 
23.50 
26.50 
31.50 
23.50 
23.50 
21.50 
15.50 
21.50 
17.50 
15.50 
15.50 
11.50 
10.50 
9.50 
31.50 
26.50 
21.50 
56.50 
56.50 
56.50 
36.50 
31.50 

28.50 
31.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
31.50 
26.50 
76.50 
41.50 
41.50 
36.50 
23.50 
26.50 
31.50 
23.50 
23.50 
21.50 
15.50 
21.50 
17.50 
15.50 
15.50 
11.50 
10.50 
9.50 
31.50 
26.50 
21.50 
51.50 
51.50 
51.50 
36.50 
31.50 

Quartermasters  

Coxswains.     .                          . 

Captains  of  afterguard  

Quarter-gunners    . 

Coppersmiths  

$31.50 

26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
23.50 
36.50 
31.50 
31.50 
26.50 
21.50 
19.50 
19.50 
15.50 

26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
23.50 
36.50 
31.50 
31.50 
26.50 
21.50 
19.50 
19.50 
15.50 

26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
23.50 
36.50 
31.50 
31.50 
26.50 
21.50 
19.50 
19.50 
15.50 

26.50 
26.50 
26.50 
23.50 
36.50 
31.50 
31.50 
26.50 
21.50 
19.50 
19.50 
15.50 

Painters   first  class 

41.50 

36.50 

31.50 

51.50 

36.50 

31.50 

31.50 

31.50 

31.50 

31.50 

Chief  boatswain's  and  chief  gunner's  mates  allowed  to  vessels  not  having  boatswains. 
Seamen,  ordinary  seamen,  and  landsmen,  who  shall  perform  the  duties  of  firemen  and  coal- 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


200 


heavers  (including  service  with  condensing  apparatus),  shall  be  paid  thirty-three  (33)  centa 
per  diem,  subject  to  the  conditions  of  the  circular  of  the  Navy  Department  dated  June  5,  1871, 
from  and  including  the  day  the  fires  are  lighted  until  and  inclusive  of  the  day  after  they  are  hauled, 
in  addition  to  their  pay  as  seamen,  ordinary  seamen,  or  landsmen,  respectively,  provided  their 
monthly  pay  shall  not  exceed  the  regular  pay  of  firemen  and  coal-heavers. 

Men  enlisted  for  the  engineers'  force  will  be  rated  first  and  second  class  firemen,  and  be  paid 
accordingly,  when  serving  aboard  of  sea-going  vessels. 

Men  enlisting  under  continuous-service  certificates  will  be  entitled  to  receive  one  dollar  per 
month,  in  addition  to  the  pay  of  their  respective  ratings,  for  each  consecutive  re-enlistment  for 
three  years  within  three  months  from  the  date  of  their  discharge,  and  also  three  months'  pay 
as  bounty. 


UNITED  STATES  MARINE  CORPS. 

This  Corps  consists  of  one  commandant, 
with  the  rank  of  colonel ;  one  colonel, 
two  lieutenant-colonels,  four  majors,  one 
adjutant  and  inspector,  with  the  rank  of 
major;  one  paymaster,  with  the  rank  of 
major ;  one  quartermaster,  with  the  rank 
of  major;  two  assistant  quartermasters, 
with  the  rank  of  captain  ;  20  captains, 
30  first  lieutenants,  18  second  lieutenants, 
1  sergeant-major,  I  quartermaster  ser- 
geant, 1  drum-major,  1  principal  musician, 
140  sergeants,  180  corporals,  30  musicians 
for  a  band,  96  drummers  and  fifers,  and 
1500  privates. 

Enlistments  are  for  five  years. 

It  is  provided  by  law  that  the  members 
of  the  "  Marine  Band''  shall  receive  four 
dollars  a  month,  each,  in  addition  to  the 
regular  pay,  for  performing  on  the  Capi- 
tol Grounds,  and  the  grounds  attached  to 
the  Executive  Mansion.  Marines  are 
entitled  to  the  navy  ration,  and  they  may 
be  detached  for  service  on  board  the 
armed  vessels  of  the  United  States :  they 
are  also  liable  for  duty  in  the  forts  and 
garrisons,  on  the  sea-coasts,  and  other 
duty  on  shore.  They  are  subject  to  the 
laws  and  regulations  of  the  navy,  except 
when  detached  for  service  with  the  army 
by  order  of  the  President,  when  they  are 
subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War 
for  the  army. 

Officers  of  the  Marine  Corps  are  retired 
in  the  same  manner  and  on  the  same 
conditions  as  officers  of  the  army. 

Vessels  of  the  United  States  Navy. 
FEBRUARY,  1879. 


1 

6 

§  •"' 

Name,  Rate,  and  Class. 

3 

00 

— 

—  3 

2 

a 

3 

§ 

5TS 

£ 

0 

H 

1ST   RATES. 

Colorado  

Screw... 

4fi 

3032 

4700 

Franklin  

Screw... 

39 

3173 

5170 

Minnesota  

Screw... 

4fi 

3000 

4700 

o 

19 

Wabash  

Screw... 

45 

3000 

465(1 

Name,  Bate,  and  Class. 

Propulsion. 

4 
a 

3 

C5 

Tonnage. 

it! 

IS 

5 

2D  RATES. 

Connecticut,  and  class.... 
Florida  

Screw.. 
Screw 

21 

12 

2869 
2135 

4450 

23 

2019 

Tennessee..  

Screw 

23 

2840 

4840 

Antietarn  
Java.. 

Screw.. 
Screw 

21 
21 

2490 
2490 

4000 

New  York  
Pennsylvania  
Susquohanna..  
Lancaster,  and  class  

Screw.. 
Screw... 
Screw.. 
Screw... 

21 
21 

23 
22 
20 

2490 
2490 
2213 
2120 
2000 

4070 
4000 
3980 
3250 

Pensacola  

Screw 

22 

2000 

3000 

Hartford  

Screw 

18 

Richmond  

14 

2000 

2700 

Congress  

Screw 

16 

2QOQ 

3Q5Q 

Worcester  ..  . 

15 

Trenton 

Powhatan,  and  class  
Alaska  and  cluss 

Paddle. 

17 
12 

2182 
1122 

3980 

Benicia  
Omaha  
Plymouth  
Lackawanna,  and  class... 
Ticonderoga  
Canandaigua  
Monongahela  
Shenandoah...  

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw 

12 
12 
12 
10 
11 
10 
11 
11 

1122 
1122 
1122 
1026 
1019 
955 
960 
9''9 

2400 
2400  , 
2400, 
2220 
2220  . 
2130 
2100 
210O 

3D  RATES. 

Juniata  
Ossipee  

Screw... 

8 

g 

828 

S"S 

1900 

Quiunebang  
Swatara  
Galena  

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw 

8" 
8 
g 

910 
910 
910 

1900 
1900 

Vandalia  
Marion  
Mohican  

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw 

8 
8 
g 

981 
910 
910 

2080 
1900 
1900 

Iroquois  
Wachusett  
Wyoming  
Tuscarora  
Kearsarge  

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 

6 
6 
6 
6 

g 

695 
695 
726 
726 
695 

1575 
1575 
1560 
15(50 
1550 

Adams  
Alliance  

Screw... 

6 
g 

615 
615 

1375 
1375 

Essex 

g 

615 

Enterprise  
Nipsic  

Screw... 

6 
g 

615 
615 

1375 
1375 

Ashuelot,  and  class  
Monocacy  ..  . 

Paddle. 
Paddle 

6 
g 

786 
747 

1370 
1370 

Narragansett  
Alert*  
Ranger  

Kansas,  and  class  
Saco  
Nyack  

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw 

5 

i 

3 
3 

566 
541 

541 
410 
410 

410  i 

1235 
1020 
1020 
900 
900 

Slmwnint  
Yantic  

Michigan,  and  class  

Screw... 
Screw... 
Paddle. 

3 
3 

8 

410  1 
410  | 
450 

900 
900 
685 

14 


210 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Name,  Bate,  and  Class. 

Propulsion  . 

1 

Tonnage. 

Displace- 
ment. 

4TH   RATES. 

Frolic*              

Paddle 

4-0 

614 

1300 

Paddle 

lo 

518 

1100 

Tallapoosa  

Paddle 

•j-2 

650 

1270 

Palos*  

Screw... 
Screw 

te 

4 

306 

1730 

420 

Paddle 

325 

.......*. 

WOODEN  SAILING- 

VESSELS. 

2D  RATES. 

New  Hampshire  
New  Orleans  
Ohio  
Yermont  

Sails.... 
Sails.... 
Sails.... 
Sails  . 

15 

"T 

16 

2600 
2800 
2700 
2600 

4150 
4200 
4250 
4150 

3D   RATES. 

1st  Class. 
Constellation  

Sails  .. 

10 

1236 

1886 

Constitution  
Independence  
Saline  

Sails.... 
Sails.... 
Sails  . 

6 

22 
92 

1335 
1891 
1475 

2200 
3270 
2450 

Santee      

Sails 

48 

1475 

2430 

Savannah  
2d  Clots. 
Portsmouth  
Cyane  

Sails.... 

Sails.... 
Sails  ... 

14 
2 

1475 

846 
695 

2330 

1125 
950 

Jamestown  
Saratoga  
St.  Louis  
St.  Mary's  
Dale 

Sails.... 
Sails.... 
Sails.... 
Sails.... 
Sails 

16 
4 

"ie" 
8 

888 
757 
431 
766 
320 

1150 
1025 
830 
1025 
675 

Pawnee  

4TH   RATES. 

Guard  
Onward  ;  
Belief  
Supply  

Sails.... 

Sails.... 
Sails.... 
Sails.... 
Sails.... 

t2 

t2 
3 
2 
t2 

872 

925 
704 
468 
547 

1650 

*  Iron  vessel. 

J  Old  measurement. 


f  Battery  of  howitzers. 
Iron -Clad  Vessels. 


Name. 

Bate. 

Class. 

Ajax 

Fourth 

Screw 

Amphitrite  

Third- 

Screw  .. 

Canonicus  

Fourth. 
Fourth 

Screw... 

Catskill  

Fourth 

Screw... 

Colossus  
Dictator 

Second.. 

Screw... 

Fourth 

Screw 

Lehigh  
Mahopac  

Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth 

Screw... 
Screw... 

Massachusetts  
Miantonomah  
Monadnock  

Second.. 
Third... 
Third... 
Fourth 

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 

Fourth 

Screw  .. 

Nantucket 

Fourth 

Screw 

Second 

Screw 

Fourth 

Screw 

Puritan  

Second- 

Screw... 

Second 

Screw 

Fourth 

Terror  
Wyandotte  

Third- 
Fourth 

Screw... 
Screw  .. 

1 

2 

If 

550 

4 

874 

2 

550 

2 

496 

2 

496 

10 

2127 

2 

1750 

2 

496 

2 

496 

2 

550 

2 

550 

4 

2127 

4 

1225 

4 

1091 

2 

496 

2 

496 

2 

496 

4 

2127 

2  !  496 

2 

1870 

6 

22HO 

2 

550 

4 

1085 

2 

550 

lorpeaonoats. 

Name.              Kate.            Class. 

c 
2 
U 

1* 

6-1  0 

438 
311 

Intrepid  Four 
Alarm....  Four 

th.   Scre\ 
th.   Fowl 

v  .  . 

er  wheel. 



Tugs,  etc. 

Name. 

Bate. 

Class. 

a? 

c 

5 

1* 

^  a 

Blue  Light  

Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth 

Screw... 
Paddle. 

85 

Burlington  

Catalpa 

191 
100 
30 
306 
80 
139 
306 
306 
52 
306 
317 
168 
306 
111 

m 

62 
125 
68 
306 
306 
116 
306 
399 

""26* 

Cohasset 

Screw 

Emerald  

Fortune  ...   . 

Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth 

Screw... 

2 

Glance 

Jean  Sands  



Leydon  

Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth 

Screw 

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw 

2 
"*i" 

"*2" 

2 

Monterey  
Nina  

Phlox      

Fourth- 
Fourth. 
Fourth 

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw 

Pilgrim 

Pinta  

Bescue  

Rocket 

Fourth. 

Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth 

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw 

Bose 

Snowdrop  
Sorrel    

Speedwell  

Screw... 
Screw 

Standish  

Spuyteu  Duyvil  
Triana 

Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Fourth 

Screw... 
Screw... 
Screw  . 

"*2" 

Wyandank  

Grapeshot  
Seaweed  

Fourth. 
Fourth. 

Screw... 
Screw... 

:'.:::: 

*I 

Pay  Table  of  the 
States  J 

Grade. 
Colonel  coinmandan 
Colonel 

[owitzers. 

Officers  of  the  L 
farine  Corps. 

Per  A 

t 

nited 

nnurn. 
$3500 
3500 
3000 
2500 
2000 
1800 
1500 
1400 

Briga- 
um  in 
given 
years' 
ch  in- 
m  of 
rther, 
$4500 
olonel 
>d  list 
f  pay 
no  in- 
ite  of 

Major  (Staff  and  Li 
Captain  and  assistar 
Caotain 

no)... 

t  quartermaster  

Second  Lieutenant.. 

NOTE.—  All  officer 
dier-General  are  enl 
addition  to  their  cu 
above,  for  each  and 
service,  provided  th 
crease  shall  not  ex 
their  current  yearly 
that  the  pay  of  a  Co' 
per  annum,  and   tha 
$4000  per  annum, 
are  entitled  to  sever 
(salary  and  increase 
crease  accrues  for  t 
retirement. 

3  helow  the  rank  of 
itled  to  ten  per  cent 
[•rent  yearly  pay  as 
every  period  of  five 
e  total  amount  of  su 
seed  forty  per  centi 
my  ;  and  provided  fu 
onel  shall  not  exceed 
t  of  a  Lieutenant-C 
Dfficers  on  the  retin 
ty-five  per  centum  c 
)  of  their  rank,  but 
ime  subsequent  to  d 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


211 


Pay  Table  of  Non-  Commissioned  Officers,   Musicians,  and  Privates  of  the  United 

States  Marine  Corps. 


Grade. 

First  period 
of  5  years' 
service. 

Second    pe- 
riod of   5 
years. 

Third  period 
of  5  years. 

Fourth    pe- 
riod   of  5 
years. 

Fifth  period 
of  5  years. 

Sergeant-major            .             . 

Per  Month. 

$23 

Per  Month. 

$27 

Per  Month. 

$28 

Per  Month. 
$29 

Per  Month. 
$30 

Quartermaster  sergeant  

23 

27 

28 

29 

30 

Drum-major                          .         ... 

22 

26 

27 

28 

29 

22 

26 

27 

28 

29 

Sergeant       

17 

21 

22 

23 

24 

15 

19 

20 

21 

22 

Drummers  and  fifers    

13 

17 

18 

19 

20 

13 

17 

18 

19 

20 

79 

81 

82 

83 

84 

38 

40 

41 

42 

43 

Musician,  second  class  

24 

26 

27 

28 

29 

Musician   third  class                      .. 

21 

23 

24 

25 

26 

All  enlisted  men,  except  musicians  of  the  band,  serving  on  a  first  period  of  five  years'  service, 
are  entitled  to  $1  per  month  for  the  third  year,  $2  per  month  for  the  fourth  year,  and  $3  per 
month  for  the  fifth  year's  service,  in  addition  to  the  sums  given  in  the  first  column  above,  which 
additional  amounts  are  retained  until  expiration  of  service,  and  paid  only  upon  final  settlement 
and  honorable  discharge. 

One  dollar  per  month  is  retained  from  all  enlisted  men  (except  the  Marine  Band)  serving 
under  a  re-enlistment.  This  retained  pay  is  not  included  in  the  above  table,  and  is  to  be  credited 
and  paid  only  upon  final  settlement  and  honorable  discharge  from  service. 


NAVY-YARDS  AND  SHORE  STATIONS. 

Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire. — Navy- 
Yard  and  Marine  Barracks. 

Boston,  Massachusetts.  — Navy-Yard, 
Marine  Barracks,  and  Receiving-Ship 
AVabash. 

Maiden.  Massachusetts. — Nitre  Depot. 

Chelsea,  Massachusetts. — Naval  Hos- 
pital. 

New  York  City. — Navy  Yard,  Receiv- 
ing-Ship Colorado,  Naval  Laboratory, 
Naval  Hospital,  and  Marine  Barracks 
(Brooklyn). 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. — (League 
Island)  Navy-Yard,  Naval  Asylum,  Re- 
ceiving-Ship St.  Louis,  Naval  Hospital, 


Examining  Board  of  Engineers,  and 
Marine  Barracks. 

Washington,  District  of  Columbia. — 
Navy- Yard,  Naval  Hospital,  Receiving- 
Ship  Passaic,  and  Marine  Barracks. 

Norfolk,  Virginia. — Navy-Yard,  Naval 
Hospital,  Receiving-Ship  Franklin,  and 
Marine  Officers. 

Pensacola,  Florida. — Navy-Yard. 

Mare  Island,  California. — Navy-Yard, 
Naval  Hospital,  Receiving-Ship  Inde- 
pendence, and  Marine  Barracks. 

New  London,  Connecticut. — Naval  Sta- 
tion. 

Port  Royal.  South  Carolina. — Store- 
Ship  New  Hampshire,  Pawnee. 


INTERIOR    DEPARTMENT. 


This  Department  was  established  by  act 
of  Congress  of  March  3,  1849. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  the 
head  of  the  Interior  Department. 

There  is  one  Assistant  Secretary. 

DUTIES    OF    THE  SECRETARY  OF   THE 
INTERIOR. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  charged 
with  the  supervision*  of  public  business 
relating  to  the  following  subjects  : 

The  public  lands,  including  mines  ;  the 
Indians ;  pensions  and  bounty  lands ; 
patents  for  inventions  ;  the  custody  and 
distribution  of  publications ;  education  ; 
the  census ;  Government  Hospital  for  the 
Insane  ;  Columbia  Asylum  for  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  ;  and  Territories  of  the  United 
States. 

He  makes  reports  to  Congress  of  his 
operations  annually. 

He  is  charged  with  the  receiving,  ar- 
ranging, and  safe-keeping  for  distribu- 
tion to  the  persons  entitled  by  law  to  re- 
ceive them,  all  printed  journals  of  the 
two  houses  of  Congress,  and  all  books 
and  documents  printed  or  purchased  for 
use  of  the  Government,  except  such  as 
are  printed  or  purchased  for  the  par- 
ticular use  of  Congress,  or  of  the  Execu- 
tive Departments. 

He  is  required  to  furnish  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  Justice  a  sufficient  number  of 
the  statutes  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  for  distribution  to  the 
officers  of  the  Courts  of  the  United  States. 
A  register  of  all  publications  received 
must  be  kept,  and  an  account  of  all  issues 
made.  Publications  are  issued  only  on 
the  written  requisition  of  the  heads  of 
Departments,  Secretary  of  the  Senate, 
Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
the  Librarian  of  Congress,  or  such  other 
officers  as  are  authorized  by  law  to  re- 
ceive the  same.  Copies  of  journals, 
books,  and  public  documents  are  distrib- 
212 


uted  to  such  incorporated  bodies,  insti- 
tutions,  and  associations  within  the  States 
and  Territories  as  may  be  designated  to 
the  Secretary  by  Senators,  Representa- 
tives, and  Delegates  in  Congress. 

He  is  required  to  transmit  one  copy 
each  of  the  public  journals  of  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives  to  the 
Governor  of  each  State  and  Territory,  to 
each  branch  of  the  State  and  Territorial 
Legislatures,  one  to  every  university  and 
college  in  each  State,  and  one  to  the  His- 
torical Society  incorporated  in  each  State ; 
and  fifty  copies  of  the  documents  ordered 
by  Congress  shall  be  used  for  exchange 
with  foreign  Governments. 

Such  public  documents  as  are  ordered 
by  the  Secretary  of  State  are  supplied  to 
legations  and  consulates  of  the  United 
States.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Documents,  subject  to 
the  general  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  to  collect,  arrange,  preserve, 
pack,  and  distribute  the  publications  re- 
ceived at  the  Department  of  the  Interior 
for  distribution. 

The  Secretary  is  charged  with  the  com- 
pilation and  printing,  in  each  year  in 
which  a  new  Congress  assembles,  of  the 
Biennial  Register  or  Blue  Book  of  the 
United  States,  which  contains  the  lists  of 
all  officers,  clerks,  employes,  and  agents, 
civil,  military,  and  naval,  in  the  employ 
of  the  United  States  on  the  1st  of  July 
of  that  year;  which  exhibits  the  amount 
of  compensation,  pay,  and  emoluments 
allowed  to  each,  the  State  or  country  in 
which  each  person  was  born,  the  State  or 
Territory  from  which  appointed  to  office, 
and  where  employed  ;  also  a  list  of  all  ships 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  all  con- 
tractors with  the  Government  for.  carry- 
ing the  mail,  printers  of  United  States 
laws  and  all  printers  employed  by  Con- 
gress or  by  any  department,  and  other 
matters.  An  edition  of  only  750  copies 
of  this  book  is  printed  for  the  use  of  Con- 
gress, heads  of  Departments,  and  a  few 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


213 


chief  officers  of  the  Government.  This 
book  is  compiled  under  the  direction  of 
the  Superintendent  of  Public  Documents. 

The  Secretary  must  provide  a  suitable 
apartment,  to  be  called  the  "  Return 
Office,"  in  which  are  filed  the  returns  of 
contracts  made  by  the  Secretary  of  War, 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior,  to  be  attended  to 
by  a  clerk.  Copies  of  such  returns  are 
furnished  to  any  person,  paying  therefor, 
at  the  rate  of  five  cents  per  100  words. 

He  is  directed  by  law  to  prevent  the 
Improper  appropriation  of  any  public 
street,  avenue,  square,  or  reservation  in 
the  city  of  Washington  belonging  to  the 
United  States. 

He  has  exclusive  control  of  the  public 
park  established  near  the  head-waters  of 
the  Yellowstone  River,  in  the  Territories 
of  Montana  and  Wyoming. 

He  must  cause  to  be  published,  at  the 
close  of  each  session  of^Congress,  11,000 
copies  of  the  acts  and  resolutions  passed 
by  Congress,  the  amendments  to  the  Con- 
stitution adopted,  and  the  public  treaties 
and  postal  conventions  made  and  ratified. 

The  business  of  the  office  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  is  distributed  be- 
tween the  following  divisions  : 

APPOINTMENT  DIVISION. 

As  its  name  implies,  this  Division  has 
charge  of  all  matters  relating  to  appoint- 
ments, removals,  official  misconduct  of 
all  persons  in  the  service  of  the  Interior 
Department,  employed  at  Washington  or 
elsewhere,  and  all  subjects  that  pertain 
to  or  grow  out  of  those  branches  of  busi- 
ness, including  absence  of  employes,  and 
of  the  bonds  of  officers. 


DISBURSEMENT  DIVISION. 

This  Division  is  in  charge  of  the  Dis- 
bursing Clerk  of  the  Interior  Department, 
whose  duty  consists  in  making  all  the 
disbursements  for  the  following  objects: 

Salaries  of  officers  and  einploy6s  of  the 
Department. 

Contingent  expenses. 

Repairs  of  the  United  States  Capitol 
and  the  grounds  thereof. 

Expenses  of  Freedmen's  Hospital. 

Expenses  of  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Requisitions  fur  funds  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  upon  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  are  prepared  in  this  Division, 
for  the  following  objects  : 

Support  and  maintenance  of  Indian 
tribes. 


Pay  of  Indian  Agents. 

Surveyors-General,  Registers,  and  Re- 
ceivers of  Public  Lands. 

Expenses  of  Government  Hospital  for 
the  Insane. 

Expenses  of  Columbia  Hospital  for 
Women. 

Children's  Hospital. 

Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  National  Or- 
phans' Home. 

Columbia  Institution  for  Deaf  and 
Dumb. 

INDIAN  AFFAIRS  DIVISION. 

This  Division  has  charge  of  all  matters 
pertaining  to  the  following  objects  : 

Examination  of  contracts  for  the  pur- 
chase of  supplies  by  Indian  Agents,  and 
of  accounts  for  transportation  on  behalf 
of  the  Indian  tribes. 

Examination  of  deeds  of  lands  made  to 
the  Indians. 

Claims  for  damages  growing  out  of 
depredations  by  Indians. 

Appointment  of  Indian  Commissioners 
and  Boards  of  Appraisement. 

Correspondence  relating  to  Indian  af- 
fairs, except  that  referring  to  charges 
against  officers  of  the  Indian  Service. 

LANDS  AND  RAILROADS  DIVISION. 

This  Division  has  charge  of  corre- 
spondence relating  to  public  lands  and 
land-grant  railroads ;  appeals  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  from  the  de- 
cisions of  the  General  Land  Office,  and 
prepares  lists  of  swarnp,  railroad,  internal 
improvement,  and  other  selections  of 
lands. 

PENSION   DIVISION. 

This  Division  has  charge  of  pension 
lands  and  bounty  lands  ;  matters  relating 
to  the  Government  Hospital  for  the  In- 
sane, Freedmen's  Hospital,  Columbia 
Hospital  for  Women,  Columbia  Institu- 
tion for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  National 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans'  Home, 
and  District  of  Columbia  Jail. 

PUBLIC   DOCUMENT    DIVISION. 

This  Division  has  the  care  of  all  public 
documents  issued  by  the  Government 
which  by  law  are  distributed  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
and  attends  to  the  distribution  of  the 
same;  also  the  management  of  the  De- 
partment Library,  and  the  publication  of 
the  United  States  Biennial  Register. 


214 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


RETURNS  OFFICE. 

In  this  office  are  filed  the  contracts 
made  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  Secretary 
of  the  Navy,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior. 


FORCE  IN  THE  SECRETARY'S  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Assistant  Secretary $3500 

Chief  clerk 2750 

Law  clerk 2250 

7  chiefs  of  divisions,  each 2000 

3  clerks  in  office  Assistant  Attorney-Gen- 

eral, each 2000 

6  clerks,  each 1800 

1  stenographer 1800 

4  clerks,  each 1600 

4  "    "  1400 

7  "    •'  1200 

1  clerk  in  office  Assistant  Attorney-Gen- 
eral   1200 

6  copyists,  each 900 

5  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

4  laborers,  each 660 

1  captain  of  the  watch 1000 

40  watchmen,  each 720 

1  engineer 1200 

1  assistant  engineer 1000 

6  firemen,  each 720 

Temporary  clerks 7000 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Superintendent  Cherokee  School,  North 

Carolina $300 

Superintendent  Government  Hospital  for 

the  Insane,  District  of  Columbia. 2500 

Superintendent  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas...  2500 

Superintendent  of  Yellowstone  National 

Park ..  1500 


GENERAL  LAND  OFFICE, 

This  office  was  established  by  the  act 
of  Congress  of  April  25,  1812,  in  the 
Treasury  Department. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER   OF 
THE  GENERAL  LAND  OFFICE. 

He  performs,  under  the  direction  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  all  exec- 
utive duties  appertaining  to  the  surveying 
and  sale  of  the  public  lands  of  the  United 
States,  or  in  anywise  respecting  such 
public  lands,  and  such  duties  as  relate  to 
private  land  claims,  and  the  issuing  of 
patents  for  all  grants  of  land  under  the 
authority  of  the  Government. 

All  returns  relative  to  the  public  lands 
must  be  made  to  the  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office,  and  he  has  power  to 
audit  and  settle  all  public  accounts  re- 
lating to  the  public  lands.  Upon  the 


settlement  of  any  such  account,  he  must 
certify  the  balance  and  transmit  the 
account,  with  the  vouchers  and  certifi- 
cate, to  the  First  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury,  for  his  examination  and  decis- 
ion thereon. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  he  is  an  ac- 
counting officer,  having  the  same  autho- 
rity in  the  line  of  his  duty  respecting 
accounts  as  the  Auditors  of  the  Treasury. 

Warrants  granted  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  in  pursuance  of  law,  giving 
land  to  persons  for  military  services, 
must  be  recorded  in  the  General  Land 
Office,  and  patents  to  such  lands  are 
issued  therefrom. 

All  patents  for  lands  are  issued  from 
this  office,  in  the  name  of  the  United 
States,  signed  by  the  President  and 
countersigned  by  the  Recorder,  and  they 
are  recdrded  in  the  office. 

The  Recorder  in  the  General  Land 
Office,  in  pursuance  of  instructions  from 
the  Commissioner,  certifies  and  affixes 
the  seal  of  the  office  to  all  patents  for 
public  lands,  and  attends  to  the  engross- 
ing, recording,  and  transmission  of  such 
patents.  He  prepares  alphabetical  in- 
dexes of  the  names  of  patentees,  and  of 
persons  entitled  to  patents. 

Persons  claiming  to  be  interested  in  or 
entitled  to  land  under  any  grant  of  the 
United  States,  may  be  furnished,  on  ap- 
plication, with  copies  of  papers  filed;  the 
same  to  be  made  out  and  authenticated 
under  the  hand  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  and  the  seal  of  the  General  Land 
Office.  Such  exemplifications  of  papers 
are  furnished  upon  the  payment  by  the 
persons  interested  at  the  rate  of  fifteen 
cents  per  hundred  words,  and  $2  for 
copies  of  township  plats  or  diagrams, 
with  an  additional  sum  of  $1  for  the 
Commissioner's  certificate  of  verification 
and  the  seal  of  his  office. 

The  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office  has  power  to  establish  the  maxi- 
mum charges  for  surveys  and  publication 
of  notices  of  mineral  lands,  to  fix  the 
minimum  price  of  lands  to  be  sold,  not 
less  than  $1.25  per  acre,  and  the  prices 
per  mile  of  public  surveys. 

Contracts  for  the  survey  of  public  lands 
are  not  binding  upon  the  United  States 
until  approved  by  the  Commissioner. 

He  is  authorized  to  decide,  in  accord- 
ance with  regulations,  to  be  determined 
by  a  board  to  consist  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  the  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  Commissioner,  all 
cases  of  suspended  entries  of  public 
lands,  and  to  adjudge  in  what  cases  pat- 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


215 


ents  shall  issue  upon  the  same,  his  action 
to  be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  and  the  Attorney-General,  and 
such  adjudications  to  be  reported  to  Con- 
gress. The  Commissioner  must  arrange 
his  decisions  into  two  classes,  the  first  to 
embrace  all  such  cases  as  are  confirmed 
by  the  board,  and  the  second  class  all 
such  cases  as  are  rejected.  For  all  lands 
of  the  first  class  he  shall  issue  patents  to 
the  claimants,  and  all  lands  in  the  second 
class  revert  to  and  become  part  of  the 
public  domain.  He  may  order  into  the 
market  and  sell,  after  thirty  days'  notice, 
all  lands  of  the  second  class. 

He  must  cause  to  be  prepared,  and  cer- 
tify, under  the  seal  of  his  office,  such 
copies  of  records,  books,  and  papers  on 
file  in  his  office  as  may  be  applied  for  to 
be  used  in  evidence  in  courts  of  justice. 


FORCE  IN  THE  GENERAL  LAND 
OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 
Commissioner  ....................................  $4000 

Chief  clerk  ........................................  2000 

Law  clerk  ..........................................  2000 

Recorder  ...........................................  2000 

1  secretary  to  the  President,  to  sign  land 

patents..;.  .....................................   1500 

1  principal  clerk  of  private  land  claims..  1800 


1 

1         "  " 

6  clerks,  each 
22     "          " 
40     "          " 
80     "          " 
30     "          " 
9  copyists,  each 
1  draughtsman 


public  lands  ............  1800 

surveys  ..................  1800 

1800 
1600 
1400 
1200 
1000 
900 
1600 


1  assistant  draughtsman  ......................   1400 

9         "         messengers,  each  .................     720 

12  laborers,  each  .................................     660 

6  packers,  each  ...................................     720 


SERVICE  OUTSIDE  OF  WASHINGTON. 

""^K:"^"-  He,c,q,,ar«era.  ^ 

1  for  Arizona Tucson $2,500 

For  clerks  in  his  office 3,000 

1  for  California San  Francisco.  2,750 

For  clerks  in  his  office 27,250 

1  for  Colorado Denver 2,500 

For  clerks  in  his  office 3,500 

1  for  Dakota Yankton 2,000 

For  clerks  in  his  office 6,000 

1  for  Florida Tallahassee....  1,800 

For  clerks  in  his  office 4,000 

1  for  Idaho BoiseCity 2,500 

For  clerks  in  his  office 2,500 

1  for  Louisiana New  Orleans..  1,800 

For  clerks  in  his  office 8,000 

1  for  Minnesota St.  Paul 2,000 

For  clerks  in  his  office 5,000 

1  for  Montana Helena 2,500 

For  clerks  in  his  office „ 3,000 


Headquarter, 
1  for  Nebraska  and  lowa.PIattsmouth, 
Neb  ........... 

For  clerks  in  his  office  ..................... 

1  for  Nevada  ................  Virginia  City. 

For  clerks  in  his  office  ..........  ,  .......... 

1  for  New  Mexico  .........  Santa  Fe  ...... 

For  clerks  in  his  office  ..................... 

1  for  Oregon  .................  Portland  ........ 

For  clerks  in  his  office  ..................... 

1  for  Utah  ....................  Salt  Lake  City 

For  clerks  in  his  office  ..................... 

1  for  Washington  Terri- 

tory .....................  Olympia  ........ 

For  clerks  in  his  office  .................... 

1  for  Wyoming  .............  Cheyenne  ...... 

For  clerks  in  his  office  ..................... 


$2,000 
3,000 
2,500 
3,000 
2,500 
6,000 
2,500 
4,500 
2,500 
3,000 


2,500 
4,000 
2,500 
3,500 


DUTIES   OF  SURVEYORS-GENERAL. 

Every  Surveyor-General  is  required  to 
employ  a  sufficient  number  of  skilful 
surveyors  as  his  deputies,  and  has  power 
to  administer  to  them  the  necessary 
oaths  ;  to  frame  regulations  for  their  di- 
rection, and  to  remove  them  for  negli- 
gence or  misconduct  in  office. 

He  must  cause  to  be  surveyed, 
measured,  and  marked  all  base  and  meri- 
dian lines  through  such  points,  and  per- 
petuated by  such  monuments,  and  such 
other  correction  parallels  and  meridians 
as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  or  by  instruc- 
tions from  the  General  Land  Office,  in 
respect  to  the  public  lands  within  his 
district  to  which  the  Indian  title  has 
been  extinguished. 

He  must  cause  to  be  surveyed  all  pri- 
vate land  claims  within  his  district,  after 
they  have  been  confirmed  by  authority  of 
Congress,  so  far  as  may  be  necessary  to 
complete  the  survey  of  the  public  lands. 

He  must  transmit  to  the  Register  of 
the  respective  land  offices  within  his  dis- 
trict general  and  particular  plats  of  all 
lands  surveyed  by  him  for  each  land  dis- 
trict, and  forward  copies  of  such  plats  to 
the  General  Land  Office. 

He  must,  so  far  as  compatible  with  the 
desk  duties  of  his  office,  occasionally  in- 
spect the  surveying  operations  while  in 
progress  in  the  field,  sufficiently  to  satisfy 
himself  of  the  faithful  execution  of  the 
work  according  to  contract;  and  where  he 
is  unable,  by  reason  of  the  other  duties 
of  his  office,  to  make  personal  inspection, 
he  is  authorized  to  depute  a  confidential 
agent  to  make  such  examination,  with  an 
allowance  to  such  agent  of  $5  a  day  while 
in  the  field,  and  actual  necessary  travelling 
expenses,  and  not  to  extend  in  any  case 
beyond  thirty  days. 

Whenever  a  Surveyor-General  shall 
have  completed  the  surveys  and  records 


216 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


of  his  district,  he  is  required  to  deliver 
over  to  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the  re- 
spective State,  including  such  surveys,  or 
to  such  other  officer  as  may  be  authorized 
to  receive  them,  all  the  field  notes,  maps, 
records,  and  other  papers  appertaining  to 
land  titles  within  the  same ;  and  the 
office  of  Surveyor-General  in  every  such 
district  thereupon  is  discontinued. 

Surveyors-General  are  authorized  to 
appoint  in  each  land  district  containing 
mineral  lands  as  many  competent  sur- 
veyors as  shall  apply  for  appointment  to 
survey  mining  claims  ;  the  persons  ap- 
pointed to  pay  the  expenses  of  survey  of 
vein  or  lode  claims,  and  the  expenses  of 
survey  and  subdivision  of  placer  claims, 
in  smaller  quantities  than  160  acres,  with 
the  cost  of  publication  of  notices,  must 
be  borne  by  the  applicants. 

The  public  lands  are  surveyed  under 
the  following  rules: 

The  lands  are  divided  by  north  and 
south  lines,  run  according  to  the  true 
meridian,  and  by  other  lines  crossing 
them  at  right  angles,  so  as  to  form  town- 
ships of  six  miles  square. 

The  corners  of  the  townships  are 
marked  with  progressive  numbers  from 
the  beginning ;  each  distance  of  a  mile 
between  such  corners  is  distinctly  marked 
with  marks  different  from  those  of  the 
corners. 

The  township  is  subdivided  into  sec- 
tions, containing  640  acres  each,  by  run- 
ning through  the  same,  each  way,  par- 
allel lines  at  the  end  of  every  two  miles, 
and  by  making  a  corner  on  each  of  such 
lines,  at  the  end  of  every  mile.  The 
sections  are  numbered  respectively,  be- 
ginning with  the  number  one  in  the  north- 
east section,  and  proceeding  west  and 
east  alternately  through  the  township 
with  progressive  numbers  till  the  thirty- 
six  are  completed. 

The  Deputy  Surveyors  must  cause  to 
be  marked  on  a  tree  near  each  corner  the 
number  of  the  section,  and  over  it  the 
number  of  the  township  within  which 
such  section  is,  and  note  carefully  in  their 
field-books  the  names  of  the  corner-trees 
marked  and  the  numbers  so  made. 

Where  the  exterior  lines  of  the  town- 
ships which  may  be  subdivided  into  sec- 
tions or  half-sections  exceed  or  do  not 
extend  six  miles,  the  excess  or  deficiency 
must  be  specially  noted,  and  added  to  or 
deducted  from  the  western  and  northern 
ranges  of  sections  or  half-sections  in  such 
township,  according  as  the  error  may  be 
in  running  the  lines  from  east  to  west,  or 
from  north  to  south  ;  the  sections  and 


half-sections  bounded  on  the  northern 
and  western  lines  of  such  townships  shall 
be  sold  as  containing  only  the  quantity 
expressed  in  the  returns  and  plats  respec- 
tively, and  all  others  as  containing  the 
complete  legal  quantity. 

All  lines  must  be  plainly  marked  upon 
trees,  and  measured  with  chains,  contain- 
ing two  perches  of  16£  fee-t  each,  sub- 
divided into  25  equal  links  ;  the  chain 
to  be  adjusted  to  a  standard  kept  for  that 
purpose. 

Every  Surveyor  must  note  in  his  field- 
book  the  true  situation  of  all  mines,  salt- 
licks, salt  springs,  and  mill-sites  which 
come  to  his  knowledge  ;  all  water-courses, 
and  the  quality  of  the  lands. 

The  field-books  are  to  be  returned  to 
the  Surveyor-General,  whose  duty  it  is  to 
cause  a  description  of  the  whole  of  the 
lands  surveyed  to  be  made  and  transmit- 
ted to  the  officers  who  superintend  the 
sales.  He  must  cause  a  fair  plat  to  be 
made  of  the  townships  and  fractional 
parts  of  townships  contained  in  the  lands, 
describing  the  subdivisions  thereof,  and 
the  marks  of  the  corners.  This  plat  to  be 
recorded  in  books,  and  a  copy  kept  open 
at  the  Surveyor-General's  Office  for  public 
information,  other  copies  to  be  sent  to  the 
places  of  sale,  and  to  the  General  Land 
Office. 

REGISTERS  AND    RECEIVERS  OF 
LAND    OFFICES. 

There  are  98  Registers,  and  the  same 
number  of  Receivers,  who  receive  a  com- 
pensation of  $500  a  year  each,  and  fees 
in  addition,  prescribed  by  law,  their 
maximum  compensation  not  to  exceed 
$3000  a  year  each. 

They  have  their  offices  as  follows  : 

Alabama. — At  Montgomery,  Mobile, 
and  Iluntsville. 

Arizona. — At  Florence  and  Prescott. 

Arkansas. — At  Dardanelle,  Harrison, 
Camden,  and  Little  Rock. 

California. — At  Susanville,  Los  An- 
geles, Shasta,  Sacramento,  Visalia,  Stock 
ton,  Humboldt,  Marysville.  San  Francisco, 
and  Bodie. 

Colorado.— At  Del  Norte,  Pueblo, 
Central  City,  Fair  Play,  Denver,  and 
Lake  City. 

Dakota.— At  Sioux  Falls,  Springfield, 
Fargo,  Yankton,  Bismarck,  Grand  Forks, 
and  Deadwood. 

Florida. — At  Gainesville. 

Idaho. — At  Boise  City,  Lewiston,  and 
Oxford. 

Iowa. — At  Des  Moines. 

Kansas. — At    Larned,    Kirwin,    Con 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


217 


cordia,  Wichita,  Independence,  Salina, 
Topeka,  and  Hays  City. 

Louisiana. — At  New  Orleans,  Monroe, 
and  Natchitoches. 

Michigan. — At  Marquette,  Reed  City, 
East  Saginaw,  and  Detroit. 

Minnesota. — At  Benson,  Crookston, 
New  Ulm,  Worthington,  Fergus  Falls, 
Duluth,  St.  Cloud,  Taylor's  Falls,  and 
Redwood  Falls. 

Mississippi. — At  Jackson. 

Missouri. — At  Boonville,  Ironton,  and 
Springfield. 

Montana. — At  Helena,  Miles  City,  and 
Bozeinan. 

Nebraska. — At  Bloom  in  gton,  North 
Platte,  Grand  Island,  Niobrara,  Lincoln, 
Beatrice,  and  Norfolk. 

Nevada. — At  Eureka  and  Carson  City. 

Neiv  Mexico. — At  Santa  F6  and  La 
Mesilla. 

Oregon. — At  Dalles,  Lake  View,  La 
Grande,  Roseburgh,  and  Oregon  City. 

Utah.— At  Salt  Lake  City. 

Washington  Territory.  —  At  Walla 
Walla,  Vancouver,  Colfax,  Yakama  City, 
and  Olympia. 

Wisconsin. — At  Eau  Claire,  Bay  field, 
La  Crosse,  Wausau,  Saint  Croix  Falls, 
and  Menasha. 

Wyoming. — At  Cheyenne  and  Evans- 
ton. 

FEES  ALLOWED. 

For  each  declaratory  statement  filed, 
and  for  services  in  acting  on  pre-emption 
claims,  $1. 

On  all  moneys  received,  a  commission 
of  one  per  centum. 

A  commission  to  be  paid  by  the  home- 
stead applicant,  at  the  time  of  entry,'  of 
one  per  centum  on  the  cash  price  as  fixed 
by  law  of  the  land  applied  for ;  and  a 
like  commission  when  the  claim  is  finally 
established,  at  which  time  they  issue  a 
certificate  as  the  basis  of  a  patent. 

A  like  commission  on  lands  entered 
under  any  law  to  encourage  the  growth 
of  timber  on  Western  prairies. 

For  locating  military  bounty-land 
warrants,  and  for  locating  agricultural 
college  scrip,  the  same  commission,  to  be 
paid  by  the  holder  or  assignee  of  each 
warrant  or  scrip,  as  is  allowed  for  sales 
of  the  public  lands  for  cash,  at  the  rate 
of  $1.25  per  acre. 

A  fee.  in  donation  cases,  of  $5  for  each 
final  certificate  for  160  acres ;  $10  for  320 
acres  ;  and  $15  for  640  acres. 

In  the  location  of  lands  by  States  and 
corporations,  under  grants  from  Congress, 
for  railroad  or  other  purposes  (except  for 


agricultural  colleges),  a  fee  of  $1,  for 
each  final  location  of  160  acres,  to  be  paid 
by  the  State  or  corporation  making  such 
location. 

A  fee  of  $5  a  day  for  superintending 
public  land  sales  at  their  respective  offices} 
and  to  each  Receiver,  travelling  expenses 
in  going  to  and  returning  from  deposit- 
ing the  public  moneys  received  by  him. 

A  fee  of  $5  for  filing  and  acting  on 
each  application  for  patent  or  adverse 
claim  filed  for  mineral  lands,  to  be  paid 
by  the  respective  parties. 

They  are  allowed  jointly  at  the  rate  of 
15  cents  per  one  hundred  words  for 
testimony  reduced  by  them  to  writing  for 
claimants,  in  establishing  pre-emption 
and  homestead  rights  ;  and  also  the  same 
fee,  when  the  writing  is  done  in  the  land 
office,  in  establishing  claims  for  mineral 
lands. 

The  Registers  and  Receivers  in  Cali- 
fornia, Oregon,  Washington,  Nevada, 
Colorado,  Idaho,  New  Mexico,  Arizona, 
Utah,  Wyoming,  and  Montana  are  al- 
lowed fifty  per  cent,  more  for  declara- 
tory statement,  for  entry  of  land,  and 
for  writing  testimony,  than  the  rates  be- 
fore given. 

The  excess  of  fees  received  at  any  land 
office  over  the  maximum  compensation  of 
$3000  allowed  to  the  Register  and  Re- 
ceiver must  be  paid  into  the  Treasury. 

They  are  required  to  make  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  monthly  returns 
of  the  moneys  received  by  them,  and  pay 
over  such  money  pursuant  to  his  instruc- 
tions ;  they  must  also  make  like  returns 
to  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office,  and  transmit  to  him  quarterly  ac- 
counts current  of  the  debits  and  credits 
of  their  several  offices  with  the  United 
States. 

They  have  authority  to  administer 
oaths  required  by  law,  or  the  instructions 
from  the  General  Land  Office,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  entry  or  purchase  of  public 
lands,  free  of  charge. 

The  Register  of  the  land  office  must 
note  all  applications  for  entry  of  land 
under  the  homestead  laws  on  the  tract- 
books  and  plats  of  his  office,  and  keep  a 
register  of  all  such  entries,  and  make  re- 
turn thereof  to  the  General  Land  Office, 
together  with  the  proof  upon  which  they 
have  been  founded. 

PUBLIC  LANDS. 

The  public  lands  are  included  only 
within  the  States  of  Alabama,  Arkansas, 
California,  Colorado,  Florida,  Illinois, 


218 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Louisiana,  Mich- 
igan, Minnesota,  Mississippi,  Missouri, 
Nebraska,  Nevada.  Ohio,  Oregon,  Wis- 
consin, and  the  Territories  of  Arizona, 
Dakota,  Idaho,  Montana,  New  Mexico, 
Utah,  Washington,  and  Wyoming.  These 
States  and  Territories,  with  the  exception 
of  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  are  divided 
into  land  districts. 

MANNER  OF  ACQUIRING  TITLES  TO  PUBLIC 
LANDS. 

Every  person  may  procure 

Agricultural  Lands : 

The  one  class  at  $1.25  per  acre,  mini- 
mum, and  the  other  at  $2.50  per  acre,  or 
double  minimum,  title  to  which  may  be 
acquired  in  the  following  manner: 

By  Purchase  at  Public  Sale  ;  that  is,  at 
public  auction,  pursuant  to  proclamation 
by  the  proper  authority. 

By  "Private  Entry"  or  Location;  that  is, 
unsold  lands  which  have  been  "offered" 
at  public  auction,  may  be  purchased  for 

Cash 

by  making  written  application  to  the 
Register  of  the  district.  Upon  the  cer- 
tificate of  the  Receiver  that  the  tract  is 
vacant,  the  purchase-money  can  be  paid, 
and  at  the  close  of  the  month  the  General 
Land  Office  will  issue  a  patent.  They 
may  be  purchased  with 

Bounty  Land  Warrants 
by  making  application,  as  in  cash  cases, 
accompanied  by  the  necessary  warrants, 
duly  assigned.  Where  the  warrant  or 
warrants  would  not  be  sufficient  in 
amount,  the  balance  must  be  paid  in  cash. 

FEES. 

The  following  fees  are  chargeable  by 
the  land  officers : 

For  a  40-acre  warrant,  50  cents  each  to  Reg- 
ister and  Receiver,  $1. 

For  a  60-acre  warrant,  75  cents  each  to  Reg- 
ister and  Receiver,  $1.50.  ' 

For  an  80 -acre  warrant,  $1  each  to  Register 
and  Receiver,  $2. 

For  a  120-acre  warrant,  $1.50  each  to  Regis- 
ter and  Receiver,  $3. 

For  a  1 60-acre  warrant,  $2  each  to  Register 
and  Receiver,  $4. 

Public  lands  may  also  be  purchased 
with 

Agricultural  College  Scrip,  by  making1 
application  as  in  cash  and  warrant  cases; 
and  the  lands  that  may  be  so  purchased 
are  limited  to  those  not  mineral,  less 
than  a  quarter-section,  subject  to  private 
entry,  or  to  three  sections  in  a  township, 
or  to  one  million  acres  in  a  State. 


Agricultural  College  Scrip  is  receivable 
for  the  payment  of  pre-emption  claims, 
the  same  as  military  land  warrants. 
Also,  in  payment  for  homesteads,  com- 
muted at  the  rate  at  which  the  land  is 
held,  at  any  time  within  five  years  from 
date  of  settlement. 

Fees  in  these  cases  are  chargeable  the 
same  as  in  warrant  cases. 

By  pre-emption : 

Every  person,  being  the  head  of  a 
family,  or  widow,  or  single  person,  over 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  arrd  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States,  or  having  filed  a 
declaration  of  intention  to  become  a  citi- 
zen, as  required  by  the  naturalization 
laws,  has  the  right  to  pre-empt  one 
quarter-section,  or  160  acres,  of  offered, 
unoffered,  or  unsurveyed  lands,  and  of 
reserved  sections  along  the  line  of  rail 
roads,  under  the  following  limitations  : 

1.  Where  the  tract  is  offered  land,  the 
fact  of  settlement  must  be  filed  within 
thirty  days  after  date  of  said  settlement, 
and  within  one  year  proof  of  actual  resi- 
dence on,  and  cultivation  of  the  tract, 
from  date  of  settlement,  must  be  made. 
Then  upon  payment  of  either  cash,  war- 
rants, college  scrip,  or  private  claim  scrip 
the  land  may  be  secured. 

2.  Where  the  tract  is  unoffered  land, 
the  fact  of  settlement  must  be  filed  within 
three  months   from  date  "of  settlement, 
and  within  thirty-three  months  of  settle- 
ment proof  and  payment  must  be  made. 

3.  Where  the  tract  is  unsurveyed  land, 
the  fact  of  settlement  must  be  filed  at  the 
district  land  office,  within  three  months 
after  the  date  of  the  receipt  at  that  office 
of  the  approved  plat  containing  the  tract, 
and  within  thirty-three  months  proof  and 
payment  must  be  made. 

Joint  entry  may  be  made  where  two 
or  more  settlers  are  found  residing  on  the 
same  portion  of  land ;  and  should  either 
pre-emptor  die,  his  rights  would  inure  to 
his  legal  representatives. 

Exceptions. — Proprietors  of  320  acres 
of  land ;  proprietors  abandoning  their 
own  lands  to  reside  on  public  land. 

By  the  Homestead  Privilege. — Every 
person  who  is  the  head  of  a  family,  or 
who  is  twenty-one  years  or  more  of  age, 
and  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  who 
has  filed  his  declaration  of  intention  to 
become  a  citizen,  is  entitled  to  enter  a 
homestead  of  160  acres  of  ordinary  sur- 
veyed lands,  or  80  acres  of  alternate  sec- 
tions lying  along  the  lines  of  railroads, 
or  other  works  of  internal  improvement, 
under  the  following  conditions: 

1.  The  applicant  must,  in  connection 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


219 


with  his  .application,  make  affidavit  before 
the  Register  or  Receiver  that  he  is  over 
the  age  of  twenty-one,  or  the  head  of  a 
family  ;  that  he  is  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  is  to  become  a  citizen  ;  that  the 
entry  is  made  for  his  exclusive  use  and 
benefit,  and  for  actual  settlement  and 
cultivation.  He  must  then  pay  the  legal 
fee,  and  that  part  of  the  commission 
which  is  payable  when  entry  is  made. 

2.  Where  actual  settlement  has  been 
made  by  the  applicant,  and  he  is  pre- 
vented by  good  cause  from  personally 
appearing  at  the  district  land  office,  the 
affidavit  may  be  made  before  the  clerk  of 
the  court  for  the  county  in  which  the 
land  is  situated.  On  compliance  with  the 
foregoing,  the  Receiver  will  issue  his 
receipt  for  the  fee  and  commission  paid. 

Upon  a  faithful  observance  of  the  law, 
at  the  expiration  of  five  years  from  date 
of  settlement,  or  within  two  years  there- 
after, upon  proper  proof  and  payment  to 
the  Receiver  of  the  balance  of  the  com- 
missions due,  proper  returns  will  be  made 
to  the  General  Land  Office,  upon  which  a 
patent  will  be  issued. 

Any  settler  desiring  to  make  final  proof, 
must  file  a  written  notice  at  the  district 
land  office,  describing  the  land,  and  giv- 
ing the  names  and  residences  of  the  wit- 
nesses by  whom  the  necessary  facts  are 
to  be  established,  with  a  sufficient  deposit 
to  pay  the  cost  of  a  public  notice  stating 
the  fact. 

When  notice  has  been  given  in  a  legal 
manner,  the  applicant  may  appear  in  per- 
8on  at  the  district  land  office  with  his 
witnesses,  and  make  affidavit  and  final 
proof  of  his  claim,  or  he  may  appear 
with  his  witnesses  before  the  judge  of  a 
court  of  record  having  jurisdiction,  and 
make  final  proof,  which,  when  duly  au- 
thenticated by  the  court  seal,  must  be 
transmitted  to  the  Register  and  Receiver, 
together  with  the  proper  fees.  In  the 
absence  of  the  judge  the  clerk  may  act, 
and  so  certify. 

Proof  may  be  made  in  any  adjacent 
county  in  the  State  or  Territory  when 
the  homestead  is  situated  in  an  unorgan- 
ized county. 

If  any  objection  appears  at  any  time, 
the  homestead  settler  will  be  advised  of 
his  rights. 

Final  proof  having  been  made,  and  the 
full  amount  of  money  paid,  proper  re- 
turns will  be  certified  to  the  General  Land 
Office,  and  a  patent  or  title  to  the  land 
will  be  issued. 

In  case  of  the  death  of  the  homestead 
eettler,  the  legal  heir  or  heirs  may  con- 


tinue settlement,  with  all  his  rights  and 
privileges.  If  the  widow  proves  up,  the 
title  passes  to  her.  If  the  heirs,  on  her 
death,  make  the  proof,  the  title  will  pass 
to  them. 

Where  both  parents  die,  the  homestead 
may  be  sold  for  cash  for  the  benefit  of 
their  infant  children. 

No  right  of  sale  inures  to  any  home- 
stead settler  before  completion  of  title, 
and  such  privilege  is  not  recognized  by 
the  General  Land  Office.  A  person  may 
relinquish  his  claim,  but  the  title  to  the 
land  reverts  to  the  Government. 

Where  application  is  made  to  test  the 
validity  of  a  homestead  entry  on  the 
ground  of  abandonment,  an  affidavit  de- 
scribing the  tract,  giving  the  name  of  the 
settler,  and  containing  the  allegations 
on  which  the  claim  is  founded,  must  be 
filed  in  the  district  land  office.  A  day  of 
hearing  will  then  be  set,  and  the  parties 
in  interest  will  be  given  due  notice,  either 
by  personal  service  or  publication.  The 
results  of  the  trial  will  be  transmitted  to 
the  General  Land  Office. 

The  expenses  incident  to  such  a  con- 
test must  be  borne  by  the  contestant;  and 
if  the  informant  desires  the  land,  he  must, 
when  notice  of  cancellation  is  received  at 
the  district  land  office,  make  formal  ap- 
plication, the  land,  after  notice  of  cancel- 
lation, being  open  to  the  first  legal  appli- 
cant, unless  withdrawn.  Bonafide  actual 
settlers  always  receive  preference. 

But  one  homestead  privilege  is  allowed, 
except  where  abandonment  or  relinquish- 
rnent  of  the  tract  is  not  the  wilful  act  of 
the  settler. 

A  pre-emption  declaration  may  be 
changed  into  a  homestead  if  the  pre- 
emption laws  have  been  complied  with, 
and  the  time  will  be  credited  on  the 
period  of  residence  and  cultivation  on 
the  homestead.  In  making  final  proof 
the  settler  must  take  the  additional  "  pre- 
emption homestead  affidavit.'1 

A  homestead  settler  may,  at  any  time 
after  six  months'  residence  on  the  home- 
stead, pay  for  it  with  cash,  warrants,  or 
college  scrip,  or  private  land  scrip. 

All  lands  obtained  under  the  home- 
stead laws  are  exempt  from  liability  for 
debts  contracted  prior  to  the  issuing  of 
patent  therefor. 

For  homestead  entries  on  lands  in 
Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Missouri, 
Minnesota,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Dakota, 
Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Arkan- 
sas, and  Florida  commissions  and  fees 
are  to  be  paid  according  to  the  following 
table : 


220 


EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Commissions. 

Fee. 

Acres. 

Price 
per 
Acre. 

Total  of  Fee  and 
Commissions. 

Payable  when  Entry 
is  made. 

Payable  when 
Certificate  issues. 

Payable  when 
Entry  is  made. 

160 

$2.50 

$8.00 

$8.00 

$10.00 

$26.00 

80 

2.50 

4.00 

4.00 

5.00 

13.00 

40 

2.50 

2.00 

2.00 

5.00 

9.00 

160 

1.25 

4.00 

4.00 

10.00 

18.00 

80 

1.25 

2.00 

2.00 

5.00 

9.00 

40 

1.25 

1.00 

1.00 

5.00 

7.00 

In  addition  to  the  States  and  Territories 
above  named,  the  same  rates  will  apply 
to  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  if  any  va- 
cant tracts  can  be  found  liable  to  entry 
in  these  three  States,  where  but  very  few 
isolated  tracts  of  public  land  remain  un- 
disposed of. 


In  the  Pacific  and  other  political  di- 
visions, viz. :  on  lands  in  California,  Ne- 
vada, Oregon,  Colorado,  New  Mexico, 
and  Washington,  and  in  Arizona,  Idaho, 
Utah,  Wyoming,  and  Montana,  the  com- 
missions and  fees  are  to  be  paid  according 
to  the  following  table : 


Commissions. 

Fee. 

Price 

Total  of  Fee  and 

Acres. 

per 

Commissions. 

Acre. 

Payable  when  Entry 
is  made. 

Payable  when 
Certificate  issues. 

Payable  when 
Entry  is  made. 

160 

$2.50 

$12.00 

$12.00 

$10.00 

$34.00 

80 

2.50 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

17.00 

40 

2.50 

3.00 

3.00 

5.00 

11.00 

160 

1.25 

6.00 

6.00 

10.00 

22.00 

80 

1.25 

3.00 

3.00 

5.00 

11.00 

40 

1.25 

1.50 

1.50 

5.00 

8.00 

ADJOINING  FARM  HOMESTEAD. 

An  applicant  residing  on  an  original 
farm  may  enter  contiguous  land,  which, 
when  added  to  his  original  entry,  does 
not  exceed  160  acres. 

The  applicant  must  make  proof  of  his 
right  to  his  original  farm-tract,  and  of 
his  making  use  of  the  tract  he  desires  to 
enter  as  a  part  of  the  homestead. 

On  any  railroad  or  military  road  land 
grant  heretofore  restricted  to  80  acres,  he 
may  enter  80  acres  additional  upon  the 
same  terms  as  original  entry,  but  must 
in  any  event  reside  upon  and  cultivate 
the  additional  land  for  one  year. 

SURRENDER  OP   EXISTING  ENTRY. 

A  settler  may  surrender  an  existing 
entry  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  new 
one. 

He  must  make  proof  of  his  right  to 
his  original  farm-tract,  after  which  the 
same  rights  will  inure  to  him  as  though 
he  had  made  no  original  entry. 


SOLDIERS'  AND  SAILORS'  PRIVILEGES. 

Every  person  who  has  served  in  the 
army  or  navy  of  the  United  States,  for 
not  less  than  ninety  days,  during  the  Re- 
bellion of  1861,  and  who  was  honorably 
discharged,  may  enter,  under  the  provi- 
sions of  the  homestead  laws,  160  acres 
of  minimum  or  double  minimum  land, 
with  the  following  privileges: 

He  will  be  allowed  to  deduct  his  term 
of  service,  if  honorably  discharged,  or 
the  term  of  enlistment  if  discharged  by 
reason  of  wounds,  from  the  period  of  five 
years'  residence  required,  provided  he 
shall  reside  at  least  one  year  on  the 
homestead. 

Any  person  having  entered  under  the 
above  privilege  a  smaller  quantity  than 
160  acres,  may  enter  additional  land  not 
to  exceed  a  total  of  -160  acres. 

WIDOWS. 

The  unmarried  widow  of  an  officer, 
soldier,  or  sailor,  of  the  army  or  navy,  is 
entitled  to  all  his  acquired  rights  to  the 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


221 


date  of  his  death,  with  the  additional 
privilege,  that  if  her  husband  died  during 
his  term  of  enlistment,  she  shall  have  the 
benefit  of  the  whole  term  of  enlistment, 
to  be  deducted  from  the  five  years  of 
required  residence  on  the  homestead. 

The  minor  orphan  children,  through 
their  guardians,  if  the  widow  be  deceased 
or  married,  are  entitled  to  all  the  rights 
and  privileges  of  the  widow. 

Officers,  soldiers,  sailors,  or  their  wid- 
ows or  minor  children,  after  their  claims 
are  filed,  are  allowed  six  months  in 
which  to  commence  settlement  and  im- 
provement. 

Proof  Required. 

Certified  copy  of  discharge,  showing 
date  of  enlistment,  or  proof  by  disin- 
terested witnesses  of  the  facts,  or  the 
person's  affidavit  to  the  same. 

In  the  case  of  a  widow,  evidence  of 
the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  hus- 
band, proof  of  widowhood,  date  of  hus- 
band's death. 

In  the  case  of  minor  orphan  child,  evi- 
dence of  military  service  of  father,  proof 
of  death  or  marriage  of  mother,  by  wit- 
nesses or  certificate. 

MINERAL  LANDS. 

The  mineral  lands  in  the  public  do- 
main, surveyed  or  unsurveyed,  are  open 
for  exploration,  occupation,  and  purchase 
to  all  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and 
all  persons  who  have  declared  their  in- 
tention to  become  citizens. 

STATUS  OF    LODE   OR   MINE    CLAIMS   LOCATED 
PRIOR  TO  MAY  10,  1872. 

The  Revised  Statutes  do  not  change  the 
status  of  lode  or  mine  claims  located  pre- 
vious to  the  10th  of  May,  1872,  with 
regard  to  their  extent  along  the  lode  or 
width  of  surface,  and  the  mining  rights 
acquired  under  such  pre\ious  locations 
are  enlarged  in  the  following  respect : 

The  locators,  heirs  or  assignees,  so  long 
as  they  comply  with  the  laws,  State  and 
National,  and  local  regulations  not  in 
conflict  therewith,  have  the  exclusive  pos- 
sessory right  to  all  the  surface  included 
within  the  lines  of  their  locations,  and  of 
all  veins  or  lodes  throughout  their  entire 
depth,  the  top  or  apex  of  which  lies  inside 
of  such  surface  lines,  extending  down- 
ward vertically. 

Where  no  patent  has  been  issued  for  a 
mining  claim,  prior  to  May  10,  1872,  $10 
must  be  expended  annually  in  labor  or 
improvements  on  each  claim  of  100  feet 


on  the  course  of  the  vein  or  lode,  until 
the  issue  of  the  patent. 

Where  a  number  of  such  claims  are 
held  in  common,  labor  or  improvement 
may  be  made  at  any  one  point,  at  the  rate 
of  §10  per  each  100  feet,  for  the  entire 
parcel  of  land. 

Failure  to  make  this  improvement  or 
to  perform  this  labor  subjects  the  land  to 
relocation. 

Upon  failure  of  a  co-owner  to  contribute 
his  portion  of  the  expenditures  necessary, 
the  co-owners  who  have  performed  the 
labor  or  made  the  improvement  may  give 
personal  notice  to  said  delinquent  in  the 
newspaper  published  nearest  the  claim, 
and  if  he  fails  to  contribute  his  portion, 
his  interest  passes  to  the  co-owners  who 
have  complied  with  the  law. 

PATENTS  FOR  VEINS  OR  LODES  HERETOFORE 
ISSUED. 

Eights  under  patents  heretofore  issued 
are  enlarged  by  the  Revised  Statutes,  so 
as  to  invest  the  lawful  owner  with  title 
to  all  veins,  lodes,  or  ledges  throughout 
their  entire  depth,  the  top  or  apex  of 
which  lies  within  the  end  and  side 
boundary-lines  of  his  claim  on  the  sur- 
face, as  patented,  extending  downward 
vertically. 

It  is  expressly  provided,  however,  that 
all  veins,  lodes,  or  ledges,  the  top  or  apex 
of  which  lies  inside  of  such  surface  loca- 
tions other  than  the  one  named  in  the 
patent,  which  were  adversely  claimed  on 
the  10th  of  May,  1872,  are  excluded 
from  such  conveyance  by  patent. 

All  such  patents  pending  on  May  10, 
1872,  may  be  prosecuted  in  the  General 
Land  Office  to  a  final  settlement. 

MANNER  OF   LOCATING    CLAIMS,  ON  VEINS  OR 
LODES,  AFTER  MAY  10,  1872. 

From  and  after  May  10,  1872,  a  citi- 
zen, or  a  person  who  has  declared  his 
intention  to  become  one.  or  an  associa 
tion  of  such  persons,  may  locate,  record, 
and  hold  a  mining  claim  of  1500  linear 
feet,  and  no  more,  along  the  course  of 
any  mineral  vein  or  lode,  subject  to 
location. 

The  lateral  extent  of  locations  of  veins 
or  lodes  shall  in  no  case  exceed  300 
feet  on  each  or  either  side  of  the  middle 
of  the  vein  at  the  surface ;  and  no  such 
surface  rights  shall  be  limited  by  any 
mining  regulations  to  less  than  25  feet 
on  each  or  either  side  of  the  middle  of 
the  vein,  at  the  surface;  except  where  ad- 
verse rights  already  exist.  The  end  lines 


222 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


of  all  such  claims  must  in  all  cases  be 
parallel  to  each  other. 

The  miners  of  each  district  may  make 
rules  and  regulations,  not  in  conflict  with 
the  laws  of  the  State  where  the  district  is 
located,  or  with  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  which  may  be  necessary  to  retain 
possession  of  a  claim. 

The  Revised  Statutes  require  that  the 
location  shall  be  distinctly  marked  on  the 
ground,  in  order  that  its  boundaries  may 
be  readily  traced  •,  that  the  records  shall 
contain  the  name  or  names  of  the  locators, 
the  date  of  the  location,  and  such  a  de- 
scription as  will  identify  the  claim  or 
claims. 

No  lode  claim  can  be  recorded  until 
after  the  discovery  of  a  vein  or  lode  within 
its  limits.  The  general  course  of  such 
vein  should  be  given,  in  order  to  deter- 
mine the  boundaries  of  the  claim. 

The  distance  from  the  discovery  shaft 
to  some  prominent  well-known  points  or 
objects  should  be  given,  together  with  the 
names  of  adjoining  claims,  and  in  case 
none  adjoin,  the  relative  position  of  the 
nearest. 

A  post  should  be  driven,  or  a  pile  of 
stone  erected,  at  each  corner  of  the  surface 
ground,  and  a  post,  stick,  or  board  fixed, 
giving  the  name  of  the  lode,  the  name  or 
names  of  the  locators,  the  number  of  feet 
claimed,  and  the  position  of  the  point  of 
discovery  within  the  claim. 

The  above  description  must  be  filed 
for  record  with  the  Recorder  of  the  dis- 
trict within  twenty  days  after  location 
shall  have  been  marked  on  the  ground. 
The  Recorder  will  then  issue  his  certificate 
of  location. 

One  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  labor 
must  be  performed,  or  improvements  to 
that  extent  made  thereon,  within  one 
year,  and  annually  thereafter,  or  the 
claim  will  become  subject  to  relocation. 

TUNNEL  RIGHTS. 

The  owner,  or  owners,  of  a  tunnel  in 
process  of  construction,  have  the  right 
of  possession  to  all  previously  unknown 
veins  or  lodes  within  3000  feet  from 
its  face  on  the  line  thereof;  but  fail- 
ure to  prosecute  work  on  the  tunnel  for 
six  months  is  an  abandonment  of  the 
right  to  all  the  undiscovered  veins  or 
lodes  on  its  line. 

The  face  of  a  tunnel  is  the  point  at 
which  the  tunnel  enters  cover. 

The  proprietors  of  a  mining  tunnel 
are  required,  at  the  time  they  enter  cover, 
to  give  proper  notice  of  their  tunnel  loca- 
tion by  post,  board,  or  monument  at  the 


face  thereof,  giving  names  of  claimants, 
course  and  direction  of  the  tunnel,  height 
and  width  thereof,  and  distance  to  some 
well-known  objects ;  they  should  estab- 
lish the  boundary-lines  thereof  by  stakes 
or  monuments  to  the  terminus  of  the 
3000  feet  from  the  face  of  the  tunnel. 
Prospecting  within  these  boundaries  is 
prohibited  while  work  on  the  tunnel  is 
diligently  prosecuted.  At  this  time  a 
copy  of  such  notice  of  location  must  be 
filed  for  record  with  the  Mining  Recorder 
of  the  district.  To  this  notice  must  be 
attached  a  sworn  statement  as  to  the  ex- 
penditures made  in  prosecuting  the  work 
thereon,  the  extent  of  the  work,  and  that 
it  is  bonafide  the  intention  of  the  parties 
to  prosecute  the  work  on  the  tunnel. 

The  General  Land  Office  will  take  par- 
ticular care  that  no  improper  advantage 
is  taken  of  this  provision  of  law  for  the 
purpose  -of  monopolizing  lands  lying  in 
front  of  tunnels. 

MANNER   OP  PROCEDURE  TO  OBTAIN   GOVERN- 
MENT TITLES  TO  VEIN  OR  LODE  CLAIMS. 

Any  person,  association,  or  corporation, 
having  the  'necessary  qualifications  as  to 
citizenship,  and  holding  the  right  of  pos- 
session to  a  claim,  on  compliance  with 
law  can  obtain  a  patent  for  the  same. 

The  claimant,  association,  or  corpora- 
tion is  required : 

First. — To  have  a  survey  made,  by  the 
authority  of  the  Surveyor-General  having 
jurisdiction,  and  to  show  the  exterior 
surface  boundaries,  distinctly  marked  by 
monuments. 

Second. — To  file  a  copy  of  the  plat  and 
field-notes  with  the  proper  Register. 

Third. — To  post  a  copy  of  the  plat  of 
such  survey  in  a  conspicuous  place  upon 
the  claim,  together  with  a  notice  of  his  in- 
tention to  apply  for  a  patent,  showing  the 
date  of  posting,  name  of  claimant,  name  of 
claim,  mine,  or  lode,  the  mining  district  or 
county  ;  whether  the  location  is  of  record, 
and,  if  so,  where  the  record  may  be  found  : 
the  number  of  feet  claimed  in  the  vein,  and 
the  direction  ;  the  number  of  feet  claimed 
on  the  lode,  in  each  direction  from  the 
point  of  discovery  ;  the  name  or  names  of 
the  adjoining  claimants,  or,  if  none  ad- 
join, the  names  of  the  nearest  claims. 

Fourth. — After  posting,  the  claimant 
will  file  with  the  proper  Register  and  Re- 
ceiver a  copy  of  such  plat  and  field-notes, 
certified  by  the  oath  of  two  responsible 
witnesses  that  such  notice  has  been 
posted  as  required,  giving  date  and  place, 
a  copy  of  such  notice  to  be  attached  to 
said  affidavit ;  and 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


223 


Fifth. — The  claimant  must  attach  to 
the  field-notes  a  sworn  statement  that  he 
has  the  possessory  right  to  the  premises, 
in  virtue  of  all  laws,  rules,  regulations, 
or  customs  governing  the  matter,  such 
sworn  statement  to  narrate  the  facts  in 
the  case. 

This  affidavit  should  be  supported  by 
proper  evidence  from  the  Mining  Re- 
corder's office,  and  a  copy  of  the  location 
duly  attested  by  the  Recorder. 

Where  an  applicant  claims  he  has  pur- 
chased for  a  valuable  consideration,  the 
continuous  chain  of  evidence  must  be 
shown  from  the  original  locators  to  the 
applicant. 

In  event  of  the  records  having  been  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  or  other  casualty,  second- 
ary evidence  of  possessory  title  will  be 
received,  but  full  and  complete  notice  of 
such  application  must  be  published  for  a 
period  of  sixty  days.  The  claimant  must, 
before  the  expiration  of  the  sixty  days, 
file  a  certificate  of  the  Surveyor-General, 
and  endorsed  by  him,  to  the  fact  that 
not  less  than  §500  worth  of  labor  has 
been  expended  on  improvements  made 
upon  the  claim ;  that  the  plat  and  field- 
notes  are  correct  and  will  establish  the 
locus  of  the  claim. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  sixty  days, 
the  claimant  will  file  his  affidavit  that  the 
proper  notice  was  posted  conspicuously 
upon  the  claim  desired  to  be  patented, 
giving  the  dates.  The  claimant  may 
then  pay  for  the  land  at  the  rate  of 
$5  for  each  acre  or  fractional  part 
thereof.  The  claimant  will  also  make  a 
sworn  statement  of  the  fees  and  charges 
paid  by  him. 

The  matter  will  then  be  referred  to  the 
General  Land  Office,  and  if  found  in  con- 
formity with  law,  a  patent  will  be  issued 
for  the  claim. 

ADVERSE  CLAIMS. 

Adverse  claims  must  be  filed,  under 
oath,  with  the  Register  of  the  land 
office  where  the  application  for  the  patent 
was  filed,  during  the  period  of  publica- 
tion of  notice,  and  must  show,  by  the 
plat  of  the  United  States  Surveyor,  duly 
certified,  their  nature,  extent,  and  bound- 
aries, and  the  approximate  value  of  the 
improvements,  describing  them.  Duly 
certified  copies  of  papers  must  accompany 
the  claims  showing  the  possessory  right 
to  the  land. 

Notice  will  then  be  given  in  writing  to 
both  parties  that  such  adverse  claim  has 
been  filed.  The  adverse  claimants  will 


then  be  required  to  commence  proceedings 
within  thirty  days,  to  determine  the  ques- 
tion of  right  of  possession  ;  should  they 
fail  to  commence  proceedings  within  the 
required  time  their  claim  will  be  con- 
sidered waived,  and  the  application  for  a 
patent  will  proceed  upon  its  merits. 

After  such  judgment  shall  have  been 
rendered,  the  parties  entitled  to  the  posses- 
sion of  the  claim  may  file  a  certified  copy 
of  the  judgment-roll  with  the  Register, 
together  with  the  certificate  that  the  re- 
quisite amount  of  labor  has  been  per- 
formed or  improvements  made,  with  the 
description  required  in  other  cases,  and 
shall  pay  to  the  Receiver  $5  per  acre 
for  his  claim,  together  with  the  proper 
fees.  The  whole  subject-matter  will  then 
be  referred  to  the  General  Land  Office 
for  adjudication. 

PLACER  CLAIMS. 

For  placer  claims  on  surveyed  lands 
which  conform  to  legal  subdivisions,  the 
law  requires  no  further  survey  or  plat, 
but  all  placer  mining  claims  located  after 
May  10,  1872,  should  conform  as  nearly 
as  possible  with  the  United  States  system 
of  public  land  surveys,  and  the  rectan- 
gular subdivisions  of  such  surveys.  The 
claimant  is  limited  to  the  location  of 
twenty  acres. 

Where  claims  are  located  previous  to 
the  public  survey,  and  do  not  conform 
thereto,  plat  and  entry  may  be  made 
according  to  the  boundaries  thereof. 

Proceedings  will  then  be  had  the  same 
as  in  obtain  ing  patents  for  veins  or  lodes, 
with  but  slight  modifications,  placer 
claims  being  sold,  however,  at  the  rate 
of  $2.50  per  acre,  or  fractional  part 
thereof. 

Forty-acre  legal  subdivisions  may  be 
divided  into  ten-acre  lots  for  the  greater 
convenience  of  miners.  These  ten-acre 
lots  are  to  all  intents  and  purposes  legal 
subdivisions,  and  an  applicant  having 
a  legal  claim  for  one  or  more  of  them 
may  make  entry  thereof,  after  the  usual 
proceedings,  without  survey  or  plat. 

In  cases  of  this  kind  the  notice  given 
must  state,  specifically,  what  ten-acre 
lots  are  sought  to  be  obtained,  with  the 
other  data  usually  required.  The  proofs 
submitted  must  show  clearly  the  charac- 
ter and  extent  of  the  improvements  upon 
the  premises. 

When  a  vein  or  lode  is  included  in  a 
placer  claim,  the  fact  must  be  stated  in 
the  application  and  included  in  the  posted 
notice.  The  vein  or  lode  must  be  sur- 


224 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


veyed  and  shown  on  the  plat,  the  .field- 
notes  and  the  plat  giving  the  area  of  the 
placer  claim,  and  the  area  of  the  vein 
and  lode  claim  separately.  If  the  veins 
oi»  lodes  are  owned  by  other  parties,  the 
fact  should  be  stated  in  the  application 
and  notice.  Where  there  is  no  known 
vein  or  lode,  the  fact  must  be  certified  to 
by  one  or  more  witnesses. 

Adverse  placer  claims  are  proceeded 
with  the  same  as  in  cases  of  veins  or  lodes. 

QUANTITY  OF  PLACER  GROUND  SUBJECT  TO 
LOCATION. 

After  July  9,  1870,  no  location  of  a 
placer  claim  can  exceed  160  acres  for 
any  one  person,  or  association.  Such 
location  shall  conform  to  the  United 
States  surveys. 

After  May  10,  1872,  all  placer  mining 
claims  shall  conform,  as  nearly  as  prac- 
ticable, to  the  United  States  public  sur- 
veys, and  shall  not  include  more  than 
twenty  acres  for  each  claimant.  Any 
association  of  individuals  of  eight  mem- 
bers may  locate  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres. 

In  placer  locations,  and  the  manner  of 
marking  them  on  the  ground,  it  will  be 
necessary  to  observe  the  directions  here- 
tofore given,  with  the  qualification,  how- 
ever, that  where  placer  claims  are  on 
surveyed  lands,  they  must  conform  to  the 
United  States  surveys. 

Where  a  person  or  an  association,  and 
their  grantors,  have  held  and  worked 
their  claims  for  a  period  equal  to  the  time 
prescribed  by  the  statute  of  limitation 
for  the  mining  claims  of  a  State  or  Terri- 
tory, evidence  of  such  fact  will  be  suffi- 
cient to  establish  a  right  to  a  patent  in 
the  absence  of  any  adverse  claim. 

When  an  applicant  desires  to  make 
proof  of  possessory  right  under  this  pro- 
vision of  law,  he  will  not  be  required  to 
produce  evidence  of  location,  copies  of 
conveyances,  or  abstracts  of  title,  as  in 
other  cases,  but  will  be  required  to  fur- 
nish a  duly  certified  copy  of  the  statute 
of  limitations  of  mining  claims  for  the 
State  or  Territory,  together  with  a  sworn 
statement  as  to  the  origin  of  his  title  and 
his  continuance  in  possession ;  the  area 
of  his  claim,  the  nature  and  extent  of 
the  mining  which  has  been  done  thereon  ; 
the  opposition  to  his  possession,  if  any, 
present  or  past,  showing  all  the  facts, 
and  any  additional  information  within 
his  knowledge.  The  claimant  must  sup- 
port these  facts  by  corroborative  testi- 
mony. 


MlLL-SlTES. 

Non-mineral  land,  to  the  extent  of  five 
acres,  not  contiguous  to  the  vein  or  lode 
of  the  proprietor,  used  or  occupied  by 
him  for  mining  or  milling  purposes,  may 
be  embraced  or  included  in  an  applica- 
tion for  a  patent,  subject  to  the  same  re- 
quirements as  are  applicable  to  veins  or 
lodes. 

The  owner  of  a  quartz-mill,  or  reduc- 
tion works,  may  also  receive  a  patent  for 
his  mill-site. 

In  every  case  the  land  claimed  for  a 
mill-site  must  be  proved  by  disinterested 
witnesses  not  mineral  in  character. 


FEES  PAYABLE  BY  APPLICANTS  FOR  MINERAL 
LANDS. 

The  fees  payable  to  the  Register  and 
to  the  Receiver  at  the  time  of  filing,  for 
filing  and  acting  upon  applications  for 
mineral  land  patents,  are  $5  for  each 
officer,  and  the  same  amount  is  payable 
by  an  adverse  claimant. 

HEARINGS  TO  ESTABLISH  THE  CHARACTER  OP 

LANDS. 

Hearings  of  this  class  are  in  the  nature 
of  contest  between  parties  seeking  to 
enter  lands,  as  to  the  character  of  the 
lands,  whether  mineral  or  agricultural. 

All  affidavits,  testimony,  and  proofs 
required  may  be  taken  and  sworn  to 
before  any  officer  authorized  to  adminis- 
ter oaths,  or  before  the  Register  and  Re 
ceiver,  within  the  district  where  the  claim 
is  situated. 

To  all  parties  in  interest,  ten  days' 
personal  notice,  and  thirty  days  of  pub 
lished  notice,  is  required. 

In  the  case  of  lands  returned  as  min 
eral  by  the  Surveyor-General,  or  with 
drawn  as  mineral  by  the  General  Land 
Office,  there  must  also  be  posted  in  a 
conspicuous  place  on  each  forty-acre  sub- 
division, a  notice  that  they  are  sought  to 
be  entered  as  agricultural.  Such  notice 
must  describe  the  land,  give  the  name 
and  address  of  the  claimant,  the  charac- 
ter of  his  claim,  and  the  time,  place,  and 
purpose  of  the  hearing. 

Proof  of  service  of  notice  and  publica 
tion  and  posting  must  be  supported  by 
the  affidavits  of  parties  having  knowledge 
of  the  fact,  and  must  be  filed  at  the  hear- 
ing, at  which  the  claimants  and  witnesses 
will  be  thoroughly  examined  as  to  the 
condition  of  the  land,  its  agricultural 
capacities  and  mineral  character. 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


225 


When  the  case  comes  before  the  Land 
Office,  such  an  award  will  be  made  as  the 
facts  in  the  case  seem  to  justify ;  and, 
upon  a  survey  at  the  expense  of  the 
agricultural  claimant,  if  the  facts  in  the 
case  seem  to  warrant  it,  a  separation  of 
the  agricultural  from  the  mineral  portion 
may  be  made,  and  each  party  receive  a 
patent  for  a  specified  section. 

The  fact  that  a  certain  tract  of  land  is 
decided,  upon  testimony,  to  be  mineral, 
is  by  no  means  equivalent  to  an  award 
of  the  land  to  the  miner.  He  is  com- 
pelled by  law  to  give  sixty  days'  publica- 
tion of  notice,  and  posting  of  diagrams 
and  notice  on  the  land.  He  must  show 
that  the  land  yields  mineral ;  that  he  is 
entitled  to  the  possessory  right;  that  he 
has  expended  not  less  than  $500  in  labor 
and  improvements,  and  that  no  oppo- 
sition claim  exists.  After  the  agricul- 
tural claimant  meets  these  proofs,  he 
can,  after  survey,  enter  and  pay  for  the 
land. 

COAL  LANDS. 

The  sale  of  coal  lands  is  provided 
lor— 

By  ordinary  private  entry,  and  by 
granting  a  preference  right  of  purchase 
based  on  priority  of  possession  and  im- 
provement. 

The  land  entered  must  be  by  legal  sub- 
divisions, as  made  by  the  regular  United 
States  survey.  Entry  is  confined  to  sur- 
veyed lands  ;  to  such  as  are  vacant,  not 
otherwise  appropriated,  reserved  by  com- 
petent authority,  or  containing  valuable 
minerals  other  than  coal. 

Individuals  and  associations  may  pur- 
chase. If  an  individual,  he  must  be 
twenty-one  years  of  age  and  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States,  or  have  declared  his 
intention  to  become  such  citizen. 

If  an  association  of  persons,  each  must 
be  qualified  as  above. 

A  person  is  not  disqualified  by  the 
ownership  of  any  quantity  of  other  land, 
nor  by  having  removed  from  his  own  land 
in  the  same  State  or  Territory. 

Any  individual  may  enter  by  legal 
subdivisions  as  aforesaid  any  area  not  ex- 
ceeding 160  acres. 

Any  association  may  enter  not  to  ex- 
ceed 320  acres. 

Any  association  of  not  less  than  four 
persons,  duly  qualified,  who  shall  have 
expended  not  less  than  S5000  in  working 
and  improving  any  coal  mine  or  mines, 
may  enter  not  exceeding  640  acres,  in- 
cluding such  mining  improvements. 

The  price  per  acre  is  $10,  where  the 


land  is  situated  more  than  fifteen  miles 
from  any  completed  railroad,  and  $20  per 
acre  where  the  land  is  within  fifteen  miles 
of  such  road. 

Where  the  land  lies  partly  within  fif- 
teen miles  of  such  road  and  in  part  out- 
side such  limit,  the  maximum  price  must 
be  paid  for  all  legal  subdivisions,  the 
greater  part  of  which  lies  within  fifteen 
miles  of  such  road. 

The  term  "completed  railroad"  is  held 
to  mean  one  which  is  actually  constructed 
on  the  face  of  the  earth  ;  and  lands  within 
fifteen  miles  of  any  point  of  a  railroad  so 
constructed  will  be  held  and  disposed  of 
at  $20  per  acre. 

Any  duly  qualified  person  or  associa- 
tion must  be  preferred  as  purchasers  of 
those  public  lands  on  which  they  have 
opened  and  improved,  or  shall  open  and 
improve,  any  coal  mine  or  mines,  and 
which  they  shall  have  in  actual  posses- 
sion. 

Possession  by  agent  is  recognized  as 
the  possession  of  the  principal.  The 
clearest  proof  on  the  point  of  agency 
must,  however,  be  required  in  every  case, 
and  a  clearly-defined  possession  must  be 
established. 

The  opening  and  improving  of  a  coal 
mine,  in  order  to  confer  a  preference 
right  of  purchase,  must  not  be  considered 
as  a  mere  matter  of  form  ;  the  labor  ex- 
pended and  improvements  made  must  be 
such  as  to  clearly  indicate  the  good  faith 
of  the  claimant. 

These  lands  are  intended  to  be  sold, 
where  there  are  adverse  claimants  there- 
for, to  the  party  who,  by  substantial  im- 
provements, actual  possession,  and  a 
reasonable  industry,  shows  an  intention 
to  continue  his  development  of  the  mines 
in  preference  to  those  who  would  pur- 
chase for  speculative  purposes  only. 
With  this  view,  Registers  and  Receivers 
will  require  such  proof  of  compliance 
with  the  law,  when  lands  are  applied  for 
by  adverse  claimants,  as  the  circum- 
stances of  each  case  may  justify. 

In  conflicting  claims,  where  improve- 
ment has  been  made  prior  to  March  3, 
1873,  they  will,  if  each  party  make  sub- 
sequent compliance  with  the  law,  award 
the  land  by  legal  subdivisions,  so  as  to 
secure  to  each  as  far  as  possible  his  valu- 
able improvements  ;  there  being  no  pro- 
vision in  the  act  allowing  a  joint  entry 
by  parties  claiming  separate  portions  of 
the  same  legal  subdivision. 

In  conflicts,  when  improvements,  etc., 
have  been  commenced  subsequent  to 
March  3,  1873,  or  shall  be  thereafter 


15 


226 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


commenced,  priority  of  possession  and 
improvement  shall  govern  the  award 
when  the  law  has  been  fully  complied 
with  by  each  party.  A  mere  possession, 
however,  without  satisfactory  improve- 
ments, -will  not  secure  the  tract  to  the  first 
occupant  when  a  subsequent  claimant 
shows  his  full  compliance  with  the  law. 

After  an  entry  has  been  allowed  to  one 
party,  no  investigation  concerning  it,  at 
the  instance  of  any  person,  can  be  made, 
except  on  instructions  from  the  General 
Land  Office.  Registers  and  Receivers 
will  receive  all  affidavits  concerning  such 
case  and  forward  the  same  to  that  office, 
accompanied  by  a  statement  of  the  facts 
as  shown  by  their  records. 

Prior  to  entry,  it  is  competent  for 
Registers  and  Receivers  to  order  an  in- 
vestigation, on  sufficient  grounds  set  forth 
under  oath  of  a  party  in  interest,  and 
substantiated  by  the  affidavits  of  disin- 
terested and  credible  witnesses. 

Notice  of  contest,  in  every  case  where 
the  same  is  practicable,  must  be  made  by 
reading  it  to  the  party  to  be  cited,  and 
by  leaving  a  copy  with  him.  This  notice 
must  proceed  from  the  office  of  the  Regis- 
ter and  Receiver,  and  be  signed  by  them. 
Where  such  personal  service  cannot  be 
made,  by  reason  of  the  absence  of  the 
party,  and  because  his  whereabouts  are 
unknown,  a  copy  may  be  left  at  his  resi- 
dence, or,  if  this  is  unknown,  by  posting 
a  copy  in  a  conspicuous  place  on  the  tract 
in  controversy,  and  by  publication  in  a 
weekly  newspaper  having  the  largest 
general  circulation  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
land,  for  five  consecutive  insertions, 
covering  a  period  of  four  weeks  next  prior 
to  the  trial  ;  and  in  each  case  requiring 
such  notice  a  copy  must  be  forwarded 
with  the  returns  to  the  General  Land 
Office,  accompanied  with  proof  of  service 
by  affidavit  endorsed  thereon. 

In  every  case  of  contest,  all  papers  in 
the  same  must  be  forwarded  to  that  office 
for  review  before  an  entry  is  allowed  to 
either  party. 

Thirty  days  from  the  decision  will  be 
allowed  to  enable  any  party  to  take  an 
appeal,  or  file  argument  to  be  forwarded 
to  that  office. 

No  appeal  will  be  entertained  unless 
the  same  shall  be  forwarded  through  the 
district  land  office. 

The  party  may  still  further  appeal  from 
the  decision  of  the  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior.  The  appeal  must  be  taken 
within  sixty  days  after  service  of  notice 
on  the  party.  This  may  be  filed  with  the 


district  land  officers,  and  by  them  for- 
warded, or  it  may  be  filed  with  the  Com- 
missioner, and  must  recite  the  points  of 
exception. 

If  not  appealed,  the  decision  is  by  law 
made  final.  After  appeal,  thirty  days 
are  usually  allowed  for  filing  arguments, 
and  the  case  is  then  sent  to  the  Secretary, 
whose  decision  is  final  and  conclusive. 

Mann-er  of  obtaining  title :  First,  by 
private  entry.  The  party  will  present 
the  following  application  to  the  Register, 
and  will  make  oath  to  the  same  : 


I, 


hereby  apply,   under  the 


provisions  of  the  act  approved  March  3,  1873, 
entitled  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the 
lands  of  the  United  States  containing  coal,"  to 

purchase  the quarter  of  section , 

in  township  • of  range ,  in  the  dis- 
trict of  lands  subject  to  sale  at  the  land  office 

at ,  and  containing acres;  and  I 

solemnly  swear  that  no  portion  of  said  tract  is 
in  the  possession  of  any  other  party,  that  I  am 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  (or  have  declared  my  intention  to  become 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States),  and  have  never 
held  nor  purchased  lands  under  said  act,  either 
as  an  individual  or  as  a  member  of  an  asso- 
ciation j  and  I  do  further  swear  that  I  am  well 
acquainted  with  the  character  of  said  described 
land,  and  with  each  and  every  legal  subdivision 
thereof,  having  frequently  passed  over  the 
same;  that  my  knowledge  of  said  land  is  such 
as  to  enable  me  to  testify  understandiugly  with 
regard  thereto ;  that  there  is  not,  to  my  knowl- 
edge, within  the  limits  thereof,  any  vein  or  lode 
of  quartz  or  other  rock  in  place  bearing  gold, 
silver,  or  copper,  and  that  there  is  not  within 
the  limits  of  said  land,  to  my  knowledge,  any 
valuable  mineral  deposit  other  than  coal.  So 
help  me  God. 


To  this  affidavit  the  Register  will  ap- 
pend the  usual  jurat. 

Thereupon  the  Register,  if  the  tract  is 
vacant,  will  so  certify  to  the  Receiver, 
stating  the  price,  and  the  applicant  must 
then  pay  the  amount  of  purchase-money. 

The  Receiver  will  then  issue  to  the 
purchaser  a  duplicate  receipt,  and  at  the 
close  of  the  month  the  Register  and  Re- 
ceiver will  make  returns  of  the  sale  to 
the  General  Land  Office,  from  whence, 
when  the  proceedings  are  found  regular, 
a  patent  or  complete  title  will  be  issued ; 
and  on  surrender  of  the  duplicate  receipt 
such  patent  will  be  delivered,  at  the 
option  of  the  patentee,  either  by  the 
Commissioner  at  Washington,  or  by  the 
Register  at  the  district  land  office. 

This  disposition  at  private  entry  will 
be  subject  to  any  valid  prior  adverse 
right  which  may  have  attached  to  the 
same  land,  and  which  is  protected  by 
law. 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


227 


Second.  When  the  application  to  pur- 
chase is  based  on  a  priority  of  possession, 
etc.,  as  provided  for  by  law,  the  claimant 
must,  when  the  township  plat  is  on  file, 
file  his  declaratory  statement  for  the  tract 
claimed  sixty  days  from  and  after  the 
first  day  of  his  actual  possession  and  im- 
provement. Sixty  days,  exclusive  of  the 
first  day  of  possession,  must  be  allowed. 

The  declaratory  statement  must  be 
substantially  as  follows,  to  wit : 


I, 


-,  being 


years  of  age, 


and  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  (or  bavin 
declared  my  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of 
tbe  United  States),  and  never  having,  either  as 
an  individual  or  as  a  member  of  an  association, 
held  or  purchased  any  coal  lands  under  the  act 
approved  March  3,  1873,  entitled  "An  act  to 
provide  for  the  sale  of  the  land  of  the  United 
States  containing  coal,"  do  hereby  declare  my 
intention  to  purchase,  under  the  provisions  of 

said  act,  the  quarter  of  section  , 

in  township of  range ,  of  lands 

subject  to   sale  at  the  district  land  office  at 

,  and  that  I  came  into  possession  of  said 

tract  on  the day  of ,  A.  D.  18 — , 

and  have  ever  since  remained  in  actual  posses- 
sion continuously,  and  have  expended  in  labor 
and  improvements  on  said  mine  the  sum  of 

dollars,    the    labor    and    improvements 

being  as  follows  :  (here  describe  the  nature  and 
character  of  the  improvements;)  and  I  do 
furthermore  solemnly  swear  that  I  am  well 
acquainted  with  the  character  of  said  described 
land,  and  with  each  and  every  legal  subdivision 
thereof,  having  frequently  passed  over  the 
same;  that  my  knowledge  of  said  land  is  such 
as  to  enable  me  to  testify  understandingly  with 
regard  thereto;  that  there  is  not,  to  my  knowl- 
edge, within  the  limits  thereof,  any  vein  or 
lode  of  quartz  or  other  rock  in  place  bearing 
gold,  silver,  or  copper,  and  that  there  is  not 
within  the  limits  of  said  land,  to  my  knowl- 
edge, any  valuable  mineral  deposit  other  than 
coal. 


When  the  township  plat  is  not  on  file 
at  date  of  claimant's  first  possession,  the 
declaratory  statement  must  be  filed  within 
sixty  days  from  the  filing  of  such  plat  in 
the  district  land  office. 

When  improvements  shall  have  been 
made  prior  to  June  4,  1873,  the  declara- 
tory statement  must  be  filed  within  sixty 
days  from  that  date. 

No  sale  will  be  allowed  by  the  Regis- 
ter and  Receiver  prior  to  September  4, 
1873.  One  year  from  and  after  the  expi- 
ration of  the  period  allowed  for  filing  the 
declaratory  statement  is  given  within 
which  to  make  proof  and  payment,  but 
the  Register  and  Receiver  will  allow  no 
party  to  make  final  proof  and  payment, 
except  on  notice  as  aforesaid  to  all* others 


who  appear  on  their  records  as  claimants 
to  the  same  tracts. 

A  party  who  otherwise  complies  with 
the  law  may  enter  after  the  expiration  of 
said  year,  provided  no  valid  adverse  right 
shall  have  intervened.  He  postpones  his 
entry  beyond  said  year  at  his  own  risk, 
and  the  Government  cannot  thereafter 
protect  him  against  another  who  com- 
plies with  the  law,  and  the  value  of  his 
improvements  can  have  no  weight  in  his 
favor. 

One  person  can  have  the  benefit  of  one 
entry  or  filing  only.  He  is  disqualified 
by  having  made  such  entry  or  filing 
alone,  or  as  a  member  of  an  association. 
No  entry  can  be  allowed  an  association 
which  has  in  it  a  single  person  thus  dis- 
qualified, as  the  law  prohibits  the  entry 
or  holding  of  more  than  one  claim  either 
by  an  individual  or  an  association.  No 
entry  is  allowed  of  lands  containing  other 
valuable  minerals.  The  character  of  the 
land  under  the  present  rules  relative  to 
agricultural  and  mineral  lands  will  be 
determined.  Those  that  are  sufficiently 
valuable  for  other  minerals  to  prevent 
their  entry  as  agricultural  lands  cannot 
be  entered  as  coal  lands. 

Assignments  of  the  right  to  purchase 
will  be  recognized  when  properly  exe- 
cuted. Proof  and  payment  must  be  made, 
however,  within  the  prescribed  period, 
which  dates  from  the  first  day  of  the  pos- 
session of  the  assignor  who  initiated  the 
claim. 

The  Register  and  Receiver  will  so  con- 
strue the  law  in  its  application  as  not  to 
destroy  or  impair  any  rights  which  may 
have  attached  prior  to  March  3,  1873. 
Those  persons  who  may  have  initiated  a 
valid  claim  under  any  prior  law  relative 
to  coal  lands  will  be  permitted  to  com- 
plete their  entries  under  the  same. 

The  Register  and  Receiver  will  report 
at  the  close  of  each  month  as  "sales  of 
coal  lands,"  all  filings  and  entries  in  sep- 
arate abstracts,  commencing  with  number 
one,  and  thereafter  proceeding  consecu- 
tively in  the  order  of  their  reception. 
Where  a  series  of  numbers  has  already 
been  commenced  by  sale  of  coal  lands, 
they  will  continue  the  same  without 
change.  The  affidavit  required  from  each 
claimant  at  the  time  of  actual  purchase 
will  be  as  follows,  to  wit : 

I, ,  claiming  the  right  of  pur- 
chase under  the  act  of  Congress  entitled  "  An 
act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the  lands  of  the 
United  States  containing  coal,"  approved  March 
3, 1873,  to  the quarter  of  section , 


228 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


in  township of  range ,  subject  to 

sale  at ,  do  solemnly  swear  that  I  have 

never  had  the  right  of  purchase  under  this  act, 
either  as  an  individual  or  as  a  member  of  an 
association,  and  that  I  have  never  held  any 
other  lands  under  its  provisions;  I  further 
swear  that  I  have  expended  in  developing  coal 
mines  on  said  tract  in  labor  and  improvements 

the  sum  of dollars,  the  nature  of  such 

improvements  being  as  follows  : 

j  that  I  am  now  in  the  actual  possession 

of  said  mines,  and  make  the  entry  for  my 
own  use  and  benefit,  and  not  directly  or  indi- 
rectly for  the  use  and  benefit  of  any  other 
party ;  and  I  do  furthermore  swear  that  I  am 
well  acquainted  with  the  character  of  said  de- 
scribed land,  and  with  each  and  every  legal 
subdivision  thereof,  having  frequently  passed 
over  the  same ;  that  my  knowledge  of  said  land 
is  such  as  to  enable  me  to  testify  understand- 
ingly  with  regard  thereto;  that  there  is  not,  to 
my  knowledge,  within  the  limits  thereof,  any 
vein  or  lode  of  quartz  or  other  rock  in  place 
bearing  gold,  silver,  or  copper,  and  that  there 


is  not  within  the  limits  of  said  land,  to  my 
knowledge,  any  valuable  mineral  deposit  other 
than  coal.  So  help  me  God. 


-,  of  the  land  office  at 


I, 

do  hereby  certify  that  the  above  affidavit  was 
sworn  and  subscribed  to  before  me  this 
day  of ,  A.  D.  18—. 


In  case  the  purchaser  shows  by  an  affi- 
davit that  he  is  not  personally  acquainted 
with  the  character  of  the  land,  his  duly 
authorized  agent  who  possesses  such 
knowledge  may  make  the  required  affi- 
davit as  to  its  character;  but  whether 
this  affidavit  is  made  by  principal  or 
agent,  it  must  be  corroborated  by  the 
affidavits  of  two  disinterested  and  cred- 
ible witnesses  having  knowledge  of  its 
character. 


UNITED  STATES  PENSION  OFFICE. 


ORIGIN. 

The  first  act  of  Congress  which  di- 
rected the  payment  of  pensions  to  soldiers 
and  sailors  by  the  Government  after  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  was  ap- 
proved September  29,  1789,  which  pro- 
vided that  the  military  pensions  which 
had  previously  been  granted  and  paid  by 
the  States  respectively  to  the  invalids 
who  had  been  wounded  and  disabled  dur- 
ing the  War  of  the  Revolution,  should 
be  continued  by  the  United  States  for  one 
year  from  March  4,  1789,  and  the  same 
was  afterwards  renewed,  and  appropria- 
tions were  made  from  time  to  time  for 
their  payment. 

The  granting  and  payment  of  pensions 
was  attended  to  by  the  War  Department 
from  the  date  named,  with  no  officer  des- 
ignated with  those  specific  duties  until 
the  act  of  March  2,  1833,  making  appro- 
priations for  the  civil  expenses  of  the 
Government,  included  $4000  for  clerk- 
hire,  messengers,  etc.,  for  the  Pension 
Office,  and  authorized  the  appointment, 
by  the  President  and  Senate,  of  a  Com- 
missioner of  Pensions  at  a  salary  of 
$2500  a  year,  with  powers  to  execute, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  such  duties  in  relation  to  the  gen- 
eral pension  laws  as  might  be  prescribed 
by  the  President. 


It  thus  follows  that  this  office  was  es- 
tablished by  the  act  of  Congress  of  March 
2,  1833,  and  it  was  transferred  to  the  De- 
partment of  the  Interior  by  the  act  of 
March  3,  1849. 

BUSINESS   OF   THE    PENSION    OFFICE. 

The  Commissioner  of  Pensions  is  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  and  performs  such  duties  in 
the  execution  of  the  various  pension 
and  bounty-land  laws  as  may  be  pre- 
scribed. He  may  appoint  a  person,  with 
approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
to  sign  his  name  to  certificates  or  war- 
rants to  bounty  lands. 

He  is  authorized  to  detail  clerks  to  in- 
vestigate suspected  frauds  affecting  any 
law  relating  to  pensions,  and  to  aid  in 
prosecuting  any  person  implicated,  the 
clerks  so  detailed  to  receive  the  cus- 
tomary additional  compensation  for  spe- 
cial service. 

The  Medical  Referee,  who  is  under  the 
control  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions, 
has  charge  of  the  examination  and  re- 
vision of  the  reports  of  examining  sur- 
geons, and  such  other  duties  touching 
medical  and  surgical  questions  in  the 
Pension  Office  as  the  interest  of  the 
service  demands. 

The  Commissioner  may  appoint,  at  his 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


229 


discretion,  civil  surgeons,  to  make  peri- 
odical examinations  of  pensioners,  and  to 
examine  applicants  for  pensions. 

Under  the  acts  granting  military  bounty- 
land  warrants,  he  is  empowered  to  make 
regulations  to  govern  the  admission  of  evi- 
dence to  prove  the  service  of  the  soldier  or 
sailor  where  no  record  evidence  exists  of  the 
service  for  which  a  warrant  is  claimed. 

The  certificates  of  examining  surgeons 
in  all  cases  of  pensions  are  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Commissioner. 

It  is  his  duty,  upon  the  application  by 
letter,  or  otherwise,  by  or  on  behalf  of 
any  pensioner  entitled  to  arrears  of  pen- 
sion, or  if  any  pensioner  has  died,  upon 
a  similar  application  by  or  on  behalf  of 
any  person  entitled  to  receive  the  accrued 
pension  due  such  pensioner  at  his  death, 
to  pay  or  cause  to  be  paid  such  pensioner 
or  other  person  all  such  arrears  of  pen- 
sion as  the  pensioner  may  be  entitled  to, 
or,  if  dead,  would  have  been  entitled  to 
had  he  survived  ;  and  no  claim  agent  or 
other  person  shall  be  entitled  to  receive 
any  compensation  for  services  in  making 
application  for  arrears  of  pension. 

He  may  designate,  in  localities  more 
than  twenty-five  miles  distant  from  any 
place  where  a  court  of  record  is  holden, 
persons  duly  qualified  to  administer  oaths 
relating  to  any  pension  or  application 
therefor,  before  whom  declarations  may 
be  made  and  testimony  taken,  and  may  ac- 
cept declarations  of  claimants  residing  in 
foreign  countries  made  before  a  United 
States  Minister  or  Consul,  or  before  an 
officer  of  the  country  duly  authorized  to 
administer  oaths  for  general  purposes, 
authenticated  by  the  certificate  of  a 
United  States  Minister  or  Consul. 

It  is  his  duty,  when  satisfied  that  fraud 
has  been  perpetrated  in  obtaining  any 
special  actof  Congress  granting  a  pension, 
to  suspend  payment  thereupon  until  the 
propriety  of  repealing  the  act  can  be 
considered  by  Congress. 

He  must  forward  the  certificate  granting 
a  pension  to  the  agent  for  paying  pensions 
where  such  certificate  is  made  payable. 

He  is  authorized  to  organize  at  his  dis- 
cretion boards  of  examining  surgeons, 
not  to  exceed  three  members,  and  each 
member  is  entitled  to  a  fee  of  $1  for 
each  examination  ordered. 

He  may  require  examining  surgeons  to 
make  special  examinations  of  pensioners, 
or  applicants  for  pension. 

FORCE  IN  THE   PENSION  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Commissioner  of  Pensions §4000 

Deputy  Commissioner  of  Pensions 2400 


Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $2000 

Medical  referee 2250 

26  clerks,  each 1800 

52      "          "    1600 

84      "          "    1400 

147    "          "    1200 

10      "          "    1000 

1  skilled  mechanic  and  1  engineer,  each  1200 

30  copyists,  each 900 

1  assistant  engineer 1000 

1  messenger 840 

12  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

8  laborers,  each 660 

2  watchmen,  each 720 

9  temporary  clerks,  each 1000 

50         «  "          "    900 

75         «  "          "   720 

PENSION   AGENTS. 

There  are  seventeen  pension  agents  for 
the  payment  of  pensions,  who  receive  a 
salary  of  $4000  per  annum  each,  and  are 
allowed  fees  in  addition,  as  follows :  $15 
per  hundred  vouchers,  or  at  that  rate  for 
a  fractional  part  of  a  hundred,  prepared 
and  paid  by  them,  in  excess  of  4000  vouch- 
ers per  annum  Also  actual  necessary 
expenses  for  rent,  fuel,  lights,  and  for 
postage  on  official  matter  directed  to  the 
Executive  Departments  and  Bureaus. 

They  are  located  as  follows: 

Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Chicago,  Illinois. 

Columbus,  Ohio. 

Concord,  New  Hampshire. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Detroit,  Michigan. 

Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

Knoxville,  Tennessee. 

Louisville,  Kentucky. 

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin. 

New  York,  New  York. 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania. 

St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

San  Francisco,  California. 

Syracuse,  New  York. 

Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 

They  are  required,  without  any  fee 
therefor,  to  take  and  certify  the  affidavits 
of  all  pensioners,  and  their  witnesses, 
who  may  personally  appear  before  them 
for  that  purpose. 

INFORMATION    RELATING   TO   PEN- 

SIGNS. 

WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION. 
WHO  MAY  HAVE  PENSIONS. — Every  per- 
son specified  in  the  several  classes  enu- 
merated below,  who  has  been,  since 
March  4,  1861,  or  who  may  be  after 
March  3,  1873  (the  date  of  the  law),  dis- 


230 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


abled  under  the  conditions  stated  below, 
is  entitled  to  be  placed  on  the  list  of  in- 
valid pensioners  of  the  United  States, 
upon  making  due  proof  of  the  fact  ac- 
cording to  the  requirements  of  law,  and 
those  imposed  by  the  Pension  Office,  and 
they  will  be  entitled  to  receive,  for  a  total 
disability,  or  a  permanent  specific  dis- 
ability, a  certain  rate  of  pension  ;  and 
for  an  inferior  disability,  except  in  cases 
of  permanent  specific  disability,  for  which 
the  rate  of  pension  is  expressly  provided, 
an  amount  proportionate  to  that  provided 
for  total  disability,  the  pension  to  com- 
mence from  date  of  discharge  from  the 
military  service,  and  to  continue  during 
the  existence  of  the  disability. 

First  class. — Any  officer  of  the  army, 
including  regulars,  volunteers,  and  mi- 
litia, or  any  officer  in  the  navy  or 
marine  corps,  or  any  enlisted  man, 
however  employed,  in  the  military  or 
naval  service  of  the  United  States,  or 
in  its  marine  corps,  whether  regularly 
mustered  or  not,  disabled  by  reason  of 
any  wound  or  injury  received,  or  disease 
contracted,  while  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States  and  in  the  line  of  duty. 

Second  class. — Any  master  serving  on 
a  gunboat,  or  any  pilot,  engineer,  sailor, 
or  other  person  not  regularly  mustered, 
serving  upon  any  gunboat  or  war-vessel 
of  the  United  States,  disabled  by  any 
wound  or  injury  received,  or  otherwise 
incapacitated  while  in  the  line  of  duty, 
from  procuring  his  subsistence  by  manual 
labor. 

Third  class. — Any  person  not  an  en- 
listed soldier  in  the  arm}7,  or  sailor  in  the 
navy,  serving  for  the  time  being  as  a 
member  of  the  militia  of  any  State,  un- 
der orders  of  an  officer  of  the  United 
States,  or  who  volunteered  for  the  time 
being  to  serve  with  any  regularly-or- 
ganized military  or  naval  force  of  the 
United  States,  or  who  otherwise  volun- 
teered and  rendered  service  in  any  en- 
gagement with  rebels  or  Indians,  dis- 
abled in  consequence  of  wounds  or  injury 
received  in  the  line  of  duty  in  such 
temporary  service.  But  no  claim  of  a 
State  militiaman,  or  non-enlisted  person, 
on  account  of  disability  from  wounds  or 
injury  received  in  battle  with  rebels  or 
Indians,  while  temporarily  rendering  ser- 
vice, shall  be  valid  unless  prosecuted  to 
a  successful  issue  prior  to  the  first  day  of 
July,  1874. 

Fourth  class. — Any  acting  assistant  or 
contract  surgeon  disabled  by  any  wound 
or  injury  received  or  disease  contracted 
in  the  line  of  duty,  while  actually  per- 


forming the  duties  of  assistant  surgeon 
or  acting  assistant  surgeon,  with  any 
military  force  in  the  field,  or  in  transitu, 
or  in  hospital. 

Fifth  class.  —  Any  provost-marshal, 
deputy  provost-marshal,  or  enrolling  offi- 
cer disabled,  by  reason  of  any  wound  or 
injury  received  in  the  discharge  of  his 
duty,  from  procuring  a  subsistence  by 
manual  labor. 

Rates  of  Pension  for  Total  Disability. 

For  lieutenant-colonel,  and  all  officers 
of  a  higher  rank  in  the  military  service, 
and  in  the  marine  corps ;  and  for  cap- 
tain, and  all  officers  of  higher  rank,  com- 
mander, surgeon,  paymaster,  and  chief 
engineer,  ranking  with  commander  by 
law,  lieutenant  commanding,  lieutenant- 
commander,  and  master  commanding,  in 
the  naval  service,  $30  per  month.  For 
major  in  the  military  service  and  marine 
corps,  and  lieutenant,  surgeon,  paymas- 
ter, and  chief  engineer,  ranking  with 
lieutenant  by  law,  and  passed  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  naval  service,  $25  per 
month.  For  captain  in  the  military  ser- 
vice and  in  the  marine  corps,  chaplain 
in  the  army,  and  provost-marshal,  pro- 
fessor of  mathematics,  master,  assistant 
surgeon,  assistant  paymaster,  and  chap- 
lain in  the  naval  service,  $20  per  month. 
For  first  lieutenant  in  the  military  ser- 
vice, and  in  the  marine  corps,  acting 
assistant  or  contract  surgeon,  and  deputy 
provost-marshal,  $17  per  month.  For 
second  lieutenant  in  the  military  service 
and  the  marine  corps,  first  assistant 
engineer,  ensign,  and  pilot  in  the  naval 
service,  and  enrolling  officer,  $15  per 
month.  For  cadet-midshipman,  passed 
midshipman,  midshipmen,  clerks  of  ad- 
mirals, and  paymasters,  and  of  other 
officers  commanding  vessels,  second  and 
third  assistant  engineers,  masters1  mates, 
and  all  warrant  officers  in  the  naval  ser- 
vice, $10  per  month.  And  for  all  other 
persons  whose  rank  or  office  is  not  men- 
tioned above,  $8  per  month.  And  mas- 
ters, pilots,  engineers,  sailors,  and  crews 
upon  the  gunboats  and  war-vessels  are 
entitled  to  receive  the  pension  allowed  to 
those  of  like  rank  in  the  naval  service. 

Every  commissioned  officer  of  the  army, 
navy,  or  marine  corps  is  entitled  to  re- 
ceive such  and  only  such  pension  as  is 
stated  in  the  above  paragraph  for  the  rank 
he  held  at  the  time  he  received  the  injury 
or  contracted  the  disease  which  resulted 
in  the  disability,  on  account  of  which  he 
may  be  entitled  to  pension. 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


231 


Rates  of  Pension  for  Permanent  Specific 
Disability. 

From  June  4,  1872.  Loss  of  both 
hands,  or  both  feet,  or  both  eyes,  or  one 
eye,  the  other  having  previously  been 
lost,  and  in  the  case  of  hands  and  feet  the 
loss  of  one  and  total  disability  of  the 
other,  or  otherwise  so  totally  disabled  as 
to  be  utterly  helpless,  or  so  nearly  so  as 
to  require  regular  personal  aid  and  at- 
tendance, $31.25  per  month,  which  was 
increased  to  $50  per  month  by  act  of  June 
18,  1874.  The  act  of  June  16,  1880, 
provided  that  all  soldiers  and  sailors 
who  were  receiving  $50  per  month  un- 
der the  act  of  June  18,  1874,  should 
receive  $72  per  month  from  June  17, 
1878,  thus  modifying  the  act  of  the  latter 
date. 

Amputation  of  either  leg  at  the  hip- 
joint,  §37.50  per  month. 

One  hand  and  one  foot,  or  totally  and 
permanently  disabled  in  the  same,  or 
otherwise  so  disabled  as  to  be  incapaci- 
tated for  performing  any  manual  labor, 
but  not  so  much  so  as  to  require  regular 
personal  aid  and  attendance,  $24  per 
month. 

One  hand  and  one  foot,  or  totally  and 
permanently  disabled  in  both,  the  pension 
allowed  for  each  of  the  disabilities,  at  such 
rates  as  are  provided  by  existing  laws, 
which  would  be  in  amount,  if  the  leg  is 
lost  above  the  knee  and  the  arm  above 
the  elbow,  $24  for  each,— $48.  If  other- 
wise. $18  each, — $36  per  month. 

One  leg  above  the  knee,  or  one  arm 
above  the  elbow,  $24  per  month. 

The  loss  of  one  hand  or  one  foot,  or 
total"  disability  in  the  same,  or  otherwise 
so  disabled  as  to  render  their  incapacity 
to  perform  manual  labor  equivalent  to 
the  loss  of  a  hand  or  a  foot,  $18  per 
month. 

The  loss  of  the  hearing  of  both  ears, 
$13  per  month. 

For  disability,  not  permanent,  equiva- 
lent in  degree  to  any  of  the  above  cases 
stated,  the  same  rate  of  pension  is  allowed 
during  the  continuance  of  the  disability 
in  such  degree. 

Pensions  to   Widows  or  Children  under 
Sixteen  Years. 

If  any  person,  who,  under  the  condi- 
tions heretofore  stated,  would  have  been 
entitled  to  a  pension  had  he  survived,  has 
died  since  March  4,  1861,  or  dies  after  the 
passage  of  the  act  (March  3,  1873),  by 
reason  of  any  wound,  injury,  or  disease, 


lis  widow,  or  if  there  be  no  widow,  or  in 
case  of  her  death,  without  payment  to  her 
of  any  part  of  the  pension  hereafter  men- 
tioned, his  child  or  children  under  sixteen 
years  of  age  are  entitled  to  receive  the 
same  pension  as  the  husband  or  father 
would  have  been  entitled  to  had  he  been 
totally  disabled,  to  commence  from  the 
death  of  the  husband  or  father,  to  con- 
tinue to  the  widow  during  her  widow- 
hood, and  to  his  child  or  children  until 
they  severally  attain  the  age  of  sixteen 
years,  and  no  longer ;  and  if  the  widow 
remarry,  the  child  or  children  are  entitled 
from  date  of  remarriage. 

From  July  25,  1866,  the  pensions  of 
widows  are  increased  $2  per  month  for 
each  child  under  sixteen  years  of  age. 

In  case  of  the  soldier's  or  sailor's 
death,  leaving  no  widow  or  child,  but  has 
left  relatives  dependent  upon  him  for 
support,  such  relative  or  relatives  will 
be  entitled  to  the  pension  in  the  following 
order  :  First,  the  mother ;  secondly,  the 
father ;  thirdly,  orphan  brothers  and 
sisters  under  sixteen  years  of  age,  who 
will  be  pensioned  jointly. 

Biennial  examinations  of  pensioners 
are  no  longer  required. 

Artificial  Limbs. 

All  officers,  non-commissioned  officers, 
enlisted  and  hired  men  of  the  land  and 
naval  forces  of  the  United  States,  who 
served  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion 
of  1861,  and  who,  in  the  line  of  their 
duty  as  such,  shall  have  lost  limbs  or 
sustained  bodily  injuries  depriving  them 
of  the  use  of  any  of  their  limbs,  are  en- 
titled to  receive  every  five  years,  com- 
mencing June  17,  1870,  an  artificial  limb 
or  apparatus  for  resection,  or  the  money 
equivalent  thereof,  at  the  following  rates  : 
artificial  legs,  $75  ;  arms,  $50 ;  apparatus 
for  resection,  $50.  Application  should 
be  made  to  the  Surgeon-General  of  the 
Army,  Washington,  D.  C.,  for  artificial 
limbs  or  apparatus  for  resection,  or  com- 
mutation therefor. 


PENSIONS   TO   SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS   OF  THE 
MEXICAN  WAR. 

Any  officer,  non-commissioned  officer, 
musician,  or  private,  regulars  and  volun- 
teers, disabled  by  reason  of  injury  re- 
ceived or  disease  contracted  while  in  the 
line  of  duty  in  actual  service  in  the  war 
with  Mexico,  or  in  going  to  or  returning 
from  the  same,  who  received  an  honor- 
able discharge,  is  entitled  to  a  pension 


232 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


proportionate  to  his  disability,  not  ex- 
ceeding for  total  disability  half  the  pay 
of  his  rank  at  the  date  at  which  he  re- 
ceived the  wound  or  contracted  the  dis- 
ease which  resulted  in  such  disability  ;  no 
pension  to  exceed  half  the  pay  of  a  lieu- 
tenant-colonel. 

In  case  of  the  death  of  a  soldier,  etc., 
mentioned  in  preceding  paragraph,  the 
widow  or  children  are  entitled  to  receive 
the  pension. 

PENSIONS   TO   SOLDIERS  AND    SAILORS  OP  THE 
WAR  OP  1812. 

The  surviving  officers,  and  enlisted  and 
drafted  men,  without  regard  to  color, 
militia  and  volunteers,  of  the  military 
and  naval  service  of  the  United  States, 
who  served  fourteen  days  in  the  war  with 
Great  Britain  of  1812,  or  who  were  in 
any  engagement,  and  were  honorably 
discharged,  are  entitled  to  pensions,  at 
the  rate  of  $8  per  month,  during  their 
lives,  to  begin  February  14,  1871,  except 
to  those  already  receiving  a  pension  of 
$8  per  month  ;  and  those  receiving  a 
pension  of  less  than  $8  are  entitled  to 
the  difference  between  what  they  are  re- 
ceiving and  $8  per  month. 

Surviving  widows  are  allowed  the 
same  pension  as  the  soldier  or  sailor 
would  have  been  entitled  to,  if  living,  on 
the  14th  of  February,  1871,  the  pensions 
to  cease  when  they  marry  again. 

Pensioners  of  the  war  of  1812,  and 
those  of  any  Indian  wars,  whose  names 
were  stricken  from  the  rolls  by  reason  of 
their  taking  up  arms  against  the  United 
States  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion, 
are  restored  to  the  rolls,  also  widows  of 
such,  by  the  act  of  March  9,  1878. 

REVOLUTIONARY  PENSIONS. 

The  last  act  referred  to  directed  that 
every  widow  of  a  Revolutionary  soldier 
should  be  placed  on  the  pension  rolls  at 
$8  per  month. 


Number  of  Pensioners  on  the  Roll  at  the 
Termination  of  each  Fiscal  Tear  since 
3861. 

For  the  Tear  ending 

June  30—  Invalids.  Widows,  etc.,  Total. 


1861 4,337 

1862 4,341 

1863 7,821 

1864 23,479 

1865 35,880 

1866 55,652 

1867 69,565 


4,299  8,636 

3,818  8,169 

6,970  14,791 

27,656  41,135 

50,106  85,986 

71,070  126,722 

83,618  153,184 


Tor  the  Year  ending 

June  30—  Invalids.  Widows,  etc.,  Total. 

1868 75,957  93,686  169,643 

1869 82,859  105,104  187,963 

1870 87,521  111,165  198,686 

1871 93,394  114,101  207,495 

1872 113,954  118,275  232,229 

1873 119,500  118,911  238,411 

1874 121,628  114,613  236,241 

1875 122,989  111,832  234,821 

1876 124,239  107,898  232,137 

1877 128,723  103,381  232,104 

1878 131,649  92,349  223,998 

1879 138,615  104,140  242,755 

In  the  above  are  included  those  pensioned 
for  service  during  the  War  of  1812;  also  the 
widows  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  that  war. 

MANNER    OP    APPLYING    FOR     ARMY 
AND  NAVY  PENSIONS. 

An  observance  of  the  following  in- 
structions will  generally  enable  a  claim- 
ant to  intelligibly  present  his  claim  for 
pension  to  the  Commissioner  for  settle- 
ment : 

A  declaration  must  generally  be  filed, 
blank  forms  of  which  will  be  furnished 
to  claimants  upon  application  therefor. 

The  declaration  should  set  forth  the 
company  and  regiment  in  which  the  ap- 
plicant served,  the  name  of  the  command- 
ing officer  of  the  company  or  organiza- 
tion, and  the  dates  of  enlistment  and 
discharge.  In  navy  cases  the  vessel 
upon  which  the  claimant  served  should 
be  stated.  If  the  claim  is  made  on  ac- 
count of  a  wound  or  injury,  the  declara- 
tion should  set  forth  the  nature  and 
locality  of  the  wound  or  injury,  the  time 
when,  the  place  where,  and  the  circum- 
stances under  which  it  was  received,  and 
the  duty  upon  which  the  applicant*  was 
engaged. 

If  the  wound  or  injury  was  accidental, 
the  applicant  should  state  whether  it 
happened  through  his  own  agency  or  that 
of  other  persons,  and  he  should  minutely 
detail  the  circumstances  under  which  it 
was  received. 

If  the  claim  is  made  on  account  of  dis- 
ability from  disease,  the  applicant  should 
state  in  his  declaration  when  the  disease 
first  appeared,  the  place  where  he  was 
when  it  appeared,  and  the  duty  upon 
which  he  was  at  the  time  engaged,  lie 
should  also  detail  the  circumstances  of 
exposure  to  the  causes  which  in  his  opin- 
ion produced  the  disease.  Whether  the 
application  be  made  on  account  of  disa- 
bility from  injury  or  disease,  the  claim- 
ant should  state  the  names,  numbers,  and 
localities  of  all  hospitals  in  which  he 
received  medical  or  surgical  treatment, 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


233 


giving  the  dates  of  his  admission  thereto 
as  correctly  as  he  may  be  able. 

The  applicant  should  state  whether  he 
was  in  the  military  or  naval  service  prior 
to  or  after  the  term  of  service  in  which 
his  disability  originated. 

The  applicant  should  state  his  post- 
office  address.  In  cities,  the  street  and 
number  of  his  residence  should  be  given. 

The  identity  of  the  applicant  must  be 
shown  by  the  testimony  of  two  credible 
witnesses,  who  must  appear  with  him 
before  the  officer  by  whom  the  declara- 
tion may  be  taken. 

CLAIMS  OP  INVALIDS. 

Nature  of  the  Evidence  required   to  sustain   a 
Claim  for  Invalid  Pension. 

Upon  the  receipt  of  a  claim  for  pension, 
application  is  made  by  the  Pension  Office, 
in  army  cases,  to  the  Adjutant-General 
and  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  army, 
for  a  report  of  the  applicant's  service  and 
evidence  in  regard  to  the  disability  al- 
leged which  may  appear  upon  the  rolls 
and  other  records  in  the  possession  of 
those  officers.  In  navy  cases,  applica- 
tion for  such  evidence  is  made  to  the 
proper  Bureaus  of  the  Navy  Department. 

When  the  records  of  the  War  or  Navy 
Department  do  not  furnish  satisfactory 
evidence  that  the  disability  on  account 
of  which  the  claim  is  made  originated  in 
the  service  of  the  United  States  and  in 
the  line  of  duty,  the  claimant  will  be  re- 
quired to  furnish  such  evidence,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  instructions  herein- 
after given,  compliance  with  which  must 
be  lull  and  definite. 

If  the  disability  results  from  a  wound 
or  other  injury,  the  nature  and  location 
of  the  wound  or  injury,  the  time  when, 
the  place  where,  and  the  manner  in 
which  it  was  received,  whether  in  battle 
or  otherwise,  should  be  shown  by  the 
affidavit  of  some  one  who  was  a  commis- 
sioned officer  and  had  personal  .knowl- 
edge of  the  facts. 

If  the  person  called  upon  to  give  evi- 
dence is  still  in  the  service  as  a  commis- 
sioned officer,  his  certificate  will  be  ac- 
cepted in  lieu  of  his  affidavit. 

The  applicant  should  furnish  the  testi- 
mony of  the  surgeon  by  whom  he  was 
treated,  showing  the  location  and  nature 
of  the  wound  or  injury  and  the  circum- 
stances under  which  it  was  received.  If 
the  disability  arises  from  disease,  the 
testimony  of  the  person  who  was  surgeon 
or  assistant  surgeon  of  the  regiment  to 
which  the  applicant  belonged,  or  the 


vessel  on  which  he  served,  should,  if  pos- 
sible, be  furnished,  showing  the  name  or 
nature  of  the  disease,  the  time  when,  the 
place  where  it  was  contracted,  and  the 
circumstances  of  exposure  to  the  causes 
which  in  his  opinion  produced  the  same. 

The  surgeon  should  state  whether  in 
his  opinion  the  habits  of  the  applicant 
had  any  agency  in  the  production  of  the 
disease. 

In  any  claim,  whether  made  on  account 
of  injury  or  disease,  if  it  be  shown  that 
the  testimony  of  a  surgeon,  assistant  sur 
geon,  or  other  commissioned  officer  can- 
not be  produced  as  evidence  of  the  origin 
of  the  disability  alleged,  the  testimony 
of  other  persons  having  personal  knowl- 
edge of  the  facts  will  be  considered. 

When  a  claim  is  made  on  account  of 
disability  from  disease  or  rupture,  the 
applicant  should  furnish  the  affidavit  of 
his  family  physician  to  prove  his  con- 
dition at  the  time  of  enlistment. 

In  a  claim  on  account  of  disability 
from  disease,  he  must  furnish  the  testi- 
mony of  the  physicians  who  have  attended 
him  since  the  date  of  discharge,  explicitly 
setting  forth  the  history  of  the  disease  and 
disability  since  its  first  appearance.  It 
is  especially  important  that  the  physician 
who  first  attended  the  applicant  after  his 
discharge  should  state  the  date  at  which 
his  attendance  commenced  and  his  con- 
dition at  that  time.  If  it  should  not  be 
possible  for  the  applicant  to  show  the 
condition  of  his  health  during  the  whole 
period  since  the  date  of  his  discharge  by 
the  testimony  of  physicians,  the  cause  of 
his  inability  to  do  so  should  be  stated  by 
him  under  oath.  The  testimony  of  other 
persons  on  this  point  may  then  be  pre- 
sented. The  statement  of  the  witnesses 
in  regard  to  the  manner  in  which  the  ap- 
plicant was  affected  should  be  full  and 
definite,  and  they  should  state  how  they 
obtained  a  knowledge  of  the  facts  stated 
by  them. 

Claims  for  Increase  of  Pension. 

A  pensioner  who  may  deem  himself 
entitled  to  an  increase  of  pension  should 
file  a  declaration  setting  forth  the  ground 
upon  which  he  claims  such  increase. 

A  declaration  for  increase  of  pension 
may  be  taken  before  any  officer  duly  au- 
thorized to  administer  oaths  for  general 
purposes,  if  it  should  not  be  convenient 
for  the  pensioner  to  appear  before  an 
officer  of  a  court  of  record.  The  official 
character  and  signature  of  the  person 
before  whom  the  declaration  may  be 


234 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


taken  must  be  certified  under  the  seal  of 
a  court  of  record. 

Claims  for  Renewal  of  Pension. 

Applications  for  renewal  of  pension 
must  be  made  to  the  Commissioner  by 
a  declaration  executed  as  in  original 
claims,  setting  forth  that  the  cause  for 
which  pension  was  allowed  still  con- 
tinues. 

In  cases  of  unclaimed  pensions,  evi- 
dence must  be  filed  satisfactorily  ac- 
counting for  the  failure  to  claim  such 
pension  ;  and,  in  invalid  claims,  medical 
evidence  showing  the  continuance  of  the 
disability. 

Blank  forms  of  declaration  will  be  fur- 
nished by  the  Pension  Office  at  the  re- 
quest of  the  claimant. 

CLAIMS  OP  WIDOWS  AND  CHILDREN. 
The  Declaration. 

The  blank  form  of  declaration,  with 
the  accompanying  notes,  which  is  fur- 
nished by  the  Pension  Office  upon  the 
request  of  a  claimant,  sufficiently  indi- 
cates the  facts  which  should  be  stated  by 
the  widow  or  guardian. 

Evidence. 

The  facts  relating  to  the  cause  of  the 
soldier's  death  on  account  of  whom  the 
pension  is  claimed,  including  his  last 
illness  and  date  and  place  of  death, 
should  be  set  forth  fully  and  in  detail, 
and  should  be  proven  by  the  physicians 
who  attended  him  during  his  illness  ;  but, 
when  that  is  impossible,  the  testimony 
of  other  persons  who  are  acquainted  with 
the  circumstances  may  be  furnished. 

Proof  of  Marriage  in  Widow's  Claims. 

The  marriage  of  the  applicant  to  the 
person  on  account  of  whose  service  and 
death  the  claim  is  made  should  be  shown — 

1st.  By  aduly  verified  copy  of  a  church 
or  other  public  record  ;  or 

2d.  By  the  affidavit  of  the  clergyman 
or  magistrate  who  officiated  ;  or 

3d.  By  the  testimony  of  two  or  more 
eye-witnesses  to  the  ceremony  ;  or 

4th.  By  a  duly  verified  copy  of  the 
church  record  of  baptism  of  the  children  ; 
or 

5th.  By  the  testimony  of  two  or  more 
witnesses  who  know  that  the  parties  lived 
together  as  man  and  wife,  and  who  will 
state  how  long,  within  their  knowledge, 
such  cohabitation  continued. 

Special  provision,  however,  is  made  by 


Section  4705  of  the  Revised  Statutes  in 
regard  to  the  character  of  the  evidence 
which  shall  be  required  in  the  claims  of 
widows  and  children  of  colored  and  In- 
dian soldiers  and  sailors. 

Proof  of  the  Dates  of  Birth  of  Children. 

The  dates  of  birth  of  children  should 
be  proved — 

1st.  By  a  duly  verified  copy  of  the 
church  record  of  baptism  or  other  public 
record  ;  or 

2d.  By  the  affidavit  of  the  physician 
who  attended  the  mother;  or 

3d.  By  the  testimony  of  persons  who 
were  present  at  the  births,  who  should 
state  how  they  are  able  to  testify  to  the 
precise  dates. 

If  any  child  of  the  person  on  whose 
account  the  claim  is  made  died  after  the 
date  at  which  the  widow's  pension  will 
commence,  the  date  of  the  death  must  be 
shown. 

CLAIMS  ON  BEHALF  OP  MINOR  CHILDREN. 

In  claims  on  behalf  of  minor  children 
the  guardian  must  furnish  proof  upon 
the  following  points : 

1st.  A  copy  of  his  letters  of  guardian- 
ship, bearing  the  seal  of  the  court  making 
the  appointment,  together  with  the  cer- 
tificate of  the  court  that  such  appoint- 
ment has  not  been  revoked  ;  which  cer- 
tificate should  also  state  the  amount  of 
the  guardian's  bond. 

2d.  The  cause  and  date  of  the  fathers 
death,  the  marriage  of  the  parents, 
and  the  dates  of  birth  of  the  children 
must  be  proved.  When,  however,  satis- 
factory proof  upon  these  points  has  been 
furnished  in  the  claim  of  the  widow,  it 
will  not  again  be  required  in  the  claim 
on  behalf  of  the  minors. 

3d.  If  the  mother  of  the  children  is 
dead,  the  date  of  her  death  must  be 
proved.  If  she  remarried,  her  remar- 
riage must  be  proved  in  the  same  manner 
that  her  marriage  to  the  father  of  the 
children  is  required  to  be  proved.  If 
the  claim  is  made  on  account  of  the 
widow  having  abandoned  the  children, 
or  on  account;  of  her  unfitness  to  have 
custody  of  them,  the  abandonment  or 
unfitness  can  be  shown  only  by  the  cer- 
tificate of  the  court  having  probate  juris- 
diction. 

4th.  If  the  mother  of  the  children  died 
before  the  father,  it  must  be  shown 
whether  he  again  married. 

5th.  It  must  be  shown  whether  the 
father  left  any  other  child  than  those  for 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


235 


whose  benefit  the  claim  is  made  ;  and,  if 
so,  why  such  child  is  not  embraced  in  the 
application.  A  guardian  is  not  entitled 
on  account  of  a  child  which  died  prior  to 
the  date  of  the  application. 


CLAIMS  OF  DEPENDENT  RELATIVES. 
Dependent  Mothers. 

A  mother  must  show  her  relationship, 
the  date  and  cause  of  the  son's  death, 
and  whether  he  left  a  widow  or  minor 
children  surviving,  and  her  dependence 
upon  him  for  support  at  the  time  of  his 
death. 

In  proof  of  dependence  it  must  be 
shown  that  previous  to  the  date  of  the 
said  son's  decease  her  husband  had  died, 
or  that  he  had  permanently  abandoned 
her  support,  or  that  on  account  of  disa- 
bility from  injury  or  disease  he  was 
uuable  to  support  her.  If  the  husband 
is  dead,  the  date  of  his  death  must  be 
proved.  If  he  abandoned  the  support  of 
his  family,  the  date  of  such  abandonment, 
and  all  the  facts  of  the  case  showing 
whether  he  ever  returned,  or  ever  after- 
ward contributed  to  the  support  of  the 
claimant  must  be  fully  set  forth.  If  he 
was  disabled,  the  nature  and  cause  of 
the  disability,  and  when  and  to  what 
extent  it  rendered  him  unable  to  support 
the  claimant,  must  be  shown  by  the  testi- 
mony of  his  physician.  The  extent  of 
his  disability  during  the  period  from  the 
son's  death  to  the  date  of  application 
should  also  be  shown. 

The  value  of  the  property  of  the  claim- 
ant and  her  husband,  the  income  which 
they  derived  therefrom,  and  the  other 
means  of  support  possessed  by  them 
while  she  was  receiving  the  contributions 
of  her  said  son,  and  from  that  time  for- 
ward, should  be  shown  by  the  testi- 
mony of  credible  and  disinterested  wit- 
nesses, who  must  state  how  they  know 
the  facts.  The  value  of  property  assessed 
for  taxation  may  be  shown  by  the  testi- 
mony of  the  officer  having  possession  of 
the  records  relating  thereto.  The  true 
as  compared  with  the  assessed  value 
should  be  stated. 

It  must  be  shown  to  what  extent,  for 
what  period,  and  in  what  manner  her 
said  son  contributed  to  her  support,  by 
the  testimony  of  persons  for  whom  the 
son  labored,  to  whom  he  paid  rent,  of 
whom  he  purchased  groceries,  fuel,  cloth- 
ing, or  other  necessary  articles  for  her 
use,  or  of  those  who  otherwise  had  a 
knowledge  of  the  contributions  of  the 


son,  and  who  must  state  how  they  ob- 
tained such  knowledge.  Any  letter  from 
the  son  bearing  upon  the  question  of 
support  should  be  filed.  If  the  son,  in 
any  other  manner  than  by  actual  contri- 
butions, acknowledged  his  obligation  to 
support  his  mother,  or  was  by  law  bound 
to  such  support,  the  facts  should  ha 
shown. 

Dependent  Fathers. 

A  father  claiming  pension  on  account 
of  the  death  of  his  son,  upon  whom  he 
was  dependent  for  support,  must  prove — 

1st.  The  cause  and  date  of  his  son's 
death ;  that  said  son  left  no  widow  or 
minor  child  surviving  him;  the  cause 
and  extent  of  his  disability  during  the 
period  in  which  the  son  contributed  to 
his  support,  and  from  that  time  to  date 
of  application  ;  the  amount  of  his  prop- 
erty, and  all  other  means  of  support  pos- 
sessed by  him  during  that  period  ;  and 
the  extent  of  his  dependence  upon  his 
son  for  support.  The  facts  of  the  case 
in  these  respects  should  be  shown  by 
such  testimony  as  is  required  in  the 
claim  of  a  mother. . 

2d.  The  date  of  his  marriage,  the  date 
of  the  death  of  the  mother,  and  the  date 
of  birth  of  the  son  must  be  proved. 

In  case  the  mother  applied  for  pension, 
reference  should  be  made  to  her  npplica- 
tion,  and  the  number  of  the  same,  or  of 
her  certificate,  should  be  given.  Evidence 
upon  any  point  established  in  her  claim 
will  not  again  be  required. 


Minor  Brothers  and  Sisters. 

The  claim  on  behalf  of  minor  brother? 
and  sisters  should  be  made  by  a  guardian 
duly  appointed,  who  must  furnish  the 
evidence  of  his  or  her  authority  under 
the  seal  of  the  court  from  which  the  au- 
thority was  obtained.  He  must  prove 
the  cause  and  date  of  the  death  of  the 
brother  on  whose  account  the  claim  is 
made,  his  celibacy,  the  dates  of  death  of 
the  mother  and  father,  his  relationship  to 
the  persons  on  whose  behalf  the  claim  is 
made,  the  dates  of  their  births,  and  their 
dependence  upon  the  brother  for  support. 
If  the  mother  or  father  applied  for  pen- 
sion, the  number  of  his  or  her  applica- 
tion, or  of  his  or  her  certificate  should  be 
given.  Evidence  upon  any  point  estab- 
lished in  the  claim  of  the  mother  or 
father  will  not  again  be  required. 

In  the  administration  of  the  pension 
laws  no  distinction  is  made  between 


236 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


brothers  and  sisters   of  the  half  blood 
and  those  of  the  whole  blood. 

Magistrates  and  Witnesses. 

All  evidence  in  a  claim  for  pension 
(other  than  the  declaration)  may  be  veri- 
fied before  an  officer  duly  authorized  to 
administer  oaths  for  general  purposes ; 
but  no  evidence  verified  before  an  officer 
who  is  engaged  in  the  prosecution  of  the 
claim,  or  who  has  a  manifest  interest 
therein,  will  be  accepted.  Any  officer 
before  whom  testimony  in  a  claim  for 
pension  may  be  taken  must  therefore  set 
forth  in  his  certificate  that  he  has  no 
interest  in  the  prosecution  of  such  claim. 

The  official  character  and  signature  of 
the  magistrate  who  may  administer  the 
oath  must  be  certified  by  the  proper  officer 
of  a  court  of  record  under  the  seal  of 
such  court. 

When  the  commission  of  a  notary 
public,  or  a  certified  copy  of  his  appoint- 
ment, with  his  official  seal  and  signature 
attached,  and  the  certificate  of  the  clerk 
of  a  court  or  other  proper  officer  to  the 
genuineness  of  his  signature,  is  filed  in 
the  Pension  Office,  his  own  certificate, 
under  his  official  seal,  will  be  recognized 
thereafter  during  his  continuance  in 
office  5  but  in  the  absence  of  such  com- 
mission, or  certified  copy  of  his  appoint- 
ment, an  affidavit  taken  before  such 
officer  will  not  be  received  in  any  case 
unless  it  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate 
of  the  proper  officer,  showing  his  au- 
thority and  the  genuineness  of  his  signa- 
ture. When  a  general  certificate  as  to 
the  authority  and  signature  of  a  notary 
has  been  filed,  upon  all  papers  verified 
before  him  thereafter,  reference  should 
be  made  to  such  general  certificate. 

When  a  person  authorized  to  act  as  a 
deputy  of  an  officer  of  a  court  of  record 
administers  an  oath  to  a  witness,  he  must 
sign  his  own  name  to  the  certificate  of 
the  fact,  and  not  that  of  the  person  for 
whom  he  is  acting. 

It  is  desirable  that  the  facts  required 
to  be  proved  in  the  prosecution  of  a  claim 
for  pension  should,  if  possible,  be  shown 
by  the  testimony  of  other  persons  than 
near  relatives  of  the  claimant. 

Every  fact  required  to  be  proved  should 
be  shown  by  the  best  evidence  obtainable. 
Every  witness  should  state  whether  he 
has  any  interest,  direct  or  indirect,  in  the 
prosecution  of  the  claim  in  which  he  may 
be  called  to  testify,  and  give  his  post  office 
address. 

Witnesses  should  not  merely  confirm 
the  statements  of  other  parties,  but  they 


should  give  a  detailed  statement  of  the 
facts  known  to  them  in  regard  to  the 
matter  concerning  which  they  may  tes- 
tify, and  they  should  state  how  they 
obtained  a  knowledge  of  such  facts.  The 
officer  who  may  take  the  deposition  must 
certify  as  to  his  knowledge  of  the  credi- 
bility of  the  witnesses,  and  must  state 
how  such  knowledge  was  obtained.  If 
they  sign  by  mark,  he  must  certify  that 
the  contents  of  their  depositions  were 
fully  made  known  to  them  before  he 
administered  the  oath. 

It  is  desirable  that  affidavits  should  be 
free  from  interlineations  and  erasures. 
When  an  alteration  is  made  in  an  affi- 
davit, or  an  addition  is  made  thereto,  it 
must  appear  by  the  certificate  of  the  offi- 
cer who  administered  the  oath  that  such 
alteration  or  addition  was  made  with  the 
knowledge  and  sworn  consent  of  the 
affiant. 

In  all  affidavits  from  surgeons  or  phy- 
sicians, it  is  desirable  that  that  portion 
detailing  the  nature  of  the  disability, 
dates  of  treatment,  and  death,  symptoms, 
and  opinions  as  to  connection  between 
diseases,  or  injury  and  disease,  should  be 
in  the  handwriting  of  the  party  by  whom 
it  is  signed.  The  testimony  of  any  per- 
son as  an  expert  should  be  drawn  up 
by  some  one  professionally  competent  to 
make  such  a  statement. 

The  official  certificates  of  judicial  offi- 
cers using  a  seal,  or  of  commissioned 
officers  of  the  army  and  navy  in  actual 
service,  will  be  accepted  without  affi- 
davit; but  all  other  witnesses  must  testify 
under  oath. 

Attorneys, 

Every  officer  of  the  United  States,  or 
person  holding  any  place  of  trust  or 
profit,  or  discharging  any  official  function 
under  or  in  connection  with  any  Execu- 
tive Department  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  or  under  the  Senate 
or  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  is  prohibited,  under  a  heavy 
penalty,  from  acting  as  an  agent  or  attor- 
ney in  claim  for  pension,  or  from  aiding 
and  assisting  in  any  manner,  otherwise 
than  in  the  discharge  of  his  proper  offi- 
cial duties,  in  the  prosecution  of  such 
claim. 

No  person  can  be  recognized  as  an 
attorney  before  the  Pension  Office  until 
he  shall  have  filed  the  following  oath, 
sworn  to  before  some  officer  duly  author- 
ized to  administer  oaths  for  general  pur- 
poses, whose  official  character  and  sig- 
nature must  be  certified  under  seal : 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


237 


r, 


-,  do  solemnly 


that  I 


will  support,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitu- 
tion and  Government  of  the  United  States 
against  aM  enemies,  whether  domestic  or  for- 
eign, and  that  I  will  bear  true  faith,  allegiance, 
and  loyalty  to  the  same,  any  ordinance,  reso- 
lution, or  law  of  any  State,  convention,  or 
Legislature  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding; 
and,  further,  that  I  do  this  with  a  full  deter- 
mination, pledge,  and  purpose,  without  any 
mental  reservation  or  evasion  whatsoever ;  and, 
further,  that  I  will  faithfully  perform  all  the 
duties  which  may  be  required  of  me  by  law. 
So  help  me  God. 

The  revocation  of  power  of  attorney, 
and  substitution  of  another  attorney, 
will  not  be  permitted  unless  with  the 
consent  of  the  party  having  original 
power  of  attorney,  or  unless  a  good  and 
sufficient  reason  be  given  for  said  substi- 
tution. 

In  all  claims  filed  after  June  20,  1878, 
and  in  claims  in  which  the  claimant  was 
not  represented  by  attorney  prior  to  that 
date,  the  legal  fee  is  $10,  to  be  collected 
by  the  agent  or  attorney  without  the 
interference  of  the  Pension  Office  or  its 
agencies. 

No  fee  will  be  allowed  in  a  claim  for 
arrears  of  pension  under  Section  4711, 
Revised  Statutes,  or  in  a  claim  for  a  new 
certificate  or  transfer  of  payment,  or  in 
a  claim  for  reissue  to  correct  an  error  of 
action,  or  made  necessary  by  changes  in 
the  law,  or  to  exempt  from  biennial  ex- 
aminations, except  where  the  attorney 
shall  furnish  additional  testimony  upon 
a  call  from  the  Pension  Office  material  to 
*he  point  at  issue 


SURVIVORS  OF  THE  WAR  OP  1312. 

An  honorable  discharge  is  necessary, 
but  proof  of  loyalty  is  not  required 
rn  claims  under  the  act  of  March  9, 
1878. 

Any  application  for  pension  on  ac- 
count of  service  in  the  War  of  1812,  here- 
tofore made  under  the  act  of  Congress 
approved  February  14,  1871,  granting 
pensions,  etc.,  or  under  Sections  4736, 
4737,  4738,  Revised  Statutes,  now  pend- 
ing, or  which  stands  rejected,  will  be 
treated  as  filed  under  the  amendatory  act 
approved  March  9,  1878,  upon  the  claim- 
ant filing  with  the  Commissioner  of 
Pensions  a  statement,  signed  by  him  in 
the  presence  of  two  attesting  witnesses, 
requesting  that  the  claim  may  be  adjusted 
under  the  act  of  March  9,  1878.  In  such 
cases  new  applications  will  not  be  re- 
quired. 

New  applications  must  be  made  before 
a  court  of  record,  or  before  some  officer 
thereof  having  custody  of  its  seal,  as  in 
other  cases,  except  where,  by  reason  of 
infirmity  of  age,  the  claimant  is  unable 
to  travel,  in  which  case  the  declaration 
may  be  made  before  any  officer  author- 
ized to  administer  oaths  for  general  pur- 
poses. The  infirmity  must  be  sworn  to 
by  the  claimant,  and  certified  to  by  the 
officer  before  whom  the  declaration  is 
made.  Applications  for  restoration  to 
the  rolls  under  the  provisions  of  March 
9,  1878,  will  be  made  in  the  usual  form 
for  restoration,  and  executed  as  provided 
in  such  cases. 


INDIAN   OFFICE. 


This  Office  was  established  by  the  act 
of  Congress  of  July  9,  1832. 

COMMISSIONER    OP  INDIAN  AFFAIRS. 

He  has  the  management,  under  di- 
rection of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
agreeably  to  such  regulations  as  the 
President  of  the  United  States  prescribes, 
of  all  Indian  affairs,  and  of  all  matters 
arising  out  of  Indian  relations. 

All  accounts  and  vouchers  for  claims 
and  disbursements  are  transmitted  to  him 


for  administrative  examination,  and  by 
him  passed  to  the  Second  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury,  who,  in  turn,  after  examination . 
certifies  the  balances,  and  transmits  the 
accounts  to  the  Second  Comptroller  of 
the  Treasury  for  his  decision  thereon. 

He  must  transmit  annually  to  Congress 
tabular  statements  showing  the  separate 
objects  of  expenditure  under  his  super- 
vision, how  much  disbursed  for  each  ob- 
ject, describing  the  articles  and  quantity 
of  each,  and  giving  the  name  of  each  per- 
son to  whom  any  part  was  paid,  and  how 


238 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


much  and  for  what  objects  expenditures 
for  incidentals  or  miscellaneous  expenses 
of  the  Indian  service  were  made  during 
the  preceding  fiscal  year. 

He  must  embody  in  his  annual  report 
the  reports  of  all  agents  or  commissioners 
issuing  food,  clothing,  or  supplies  of  any 
kind  to  Indians,  stating  the  number  of 
Indians  present  actually  receiving  the 
same.  Kules  are  enforced  prohibiting 
the  sale  of  arms  or  ammunition  within  any 
district  or  country  occupied  by  uncivilized 
or  hostile  Indians. 

There  is  a  Board  of  Indian  Commis- 
sioners, composed  of  ten  persons,  ap- 
pointed by  the  President  solely,,  from  men 
eminent  for  intelligence  and  philan- 
thropy, who  serve  without  pecuniary 
compensation,  but  whose  travelling  and 
other  necessary  expenses  are  paid. 

This  Board  has  power  to  supervise  all 
expenditures  of  money  appropriated  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Indians  5  and  it  is  their 
duty  to  inspect  all  goods  purchased  for 
Indians,  in  connection  with  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Indian  Affairs,  whose  duty  it  is 
to  consult  the  Commissioners  in  making 
purchases  of  such  goods.  Any  member 
of  this  Board  is  empowered  to  investigate 
all  contracts,  expenditures,  and  accounts 
in  connection  with  the  Indian  service, 
and  to  have  access  to  all  books  and  papers 
relating  thereto  in  any  Government 
office. 

All  merchandise  required  by  Indians 
under  any  treaty,  payable  after  making 
such  treaty,  are  purchased  upon  proposals 
received  after  advertisement ;  and  all  mer- 
chandise required  at  the  time  of  making 
any  treaty  must  be  purchased  under  the 
order  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Af- 
fairs by  such  person  as  he  appoints.  All 
other  purchases  on  account  of  Indians, 
and  all  payments  to  them  of  money  or 
goods,  are  made  by  persons  designated 
by  the  President  for  that  purpose. 

He  is  authorized  and  required,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior, to  remove  from  any  tribal  reserva- 
tion any  person  being  there  without 
authority  of  law,  or  whose  presence  may 
be  detrimental  to  the  peace  and  welfare 
of  the  Indians,  and  he  may  employ  for 
the  purpose  such  force  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  enable  the  agent  thereat  to  effect 
the  removal  of  such  person. 

THE  INDIAN  SERVICE. 

There  are  five  Indian  Inspectors,  at  a 
compensation  of  $3000  a  year  each,  and 
necessary  travelling  expenses,  whose  duty 


it  is  to  visit  and  inspect,  twice  a  year,  In- 
dian agencies.  Their  examination  ex- 
tends to  a  full  investigation  into  all 
matters  pertaining  to  the  agency,  includ- 
ing accounts,  the  manner  of  expending 
money,  the  number  of  Indians  provided 
for,  contracts,  the  condition  of  the  In- 
dians, their  advancement  in  civilization, 
the  extent  of  the  reservations,  and  what 
use  is  made  of  the  lands  set  apart  for  that 
purpose. 

Each  Inspector  has  power  to  examine 
all  books,  papers,  and  vouchers,  to  ad- 
minister oaths,  and  to  examine  on  oath 
all  officers  and  persons  employed  in  the 
agency,  and  all  such  other  persons  as  may 
be  necessary. 

He  has  power  to  suspend  any  agent  or 
employe,  and  to  designate  some  person 
in  his  place  temporarily,  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  President ;  and  upon  the 
conclusion  of  each  examination  a  report 
must  be  forwarded  to  the  President  with- 
out delay.  He  has  power,  by  proper 
legal  proceedings,  which  it  is  the  duty  of 
the  proper  district  attorney  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  to  effectuate,  to  enforce  the 
laws,  and  to  prevent  their  violation. 


FORCE  IN  THE  INDIAN  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs $3500 

Chief  clerk 2000 

1  financial  clerk 2000 

4  clerks,  each«. 1800 

7  "         "     1600 

I  stenographer 1600 

II  clerks,  each 1400 

10      "         "     1200 

13      "         " 1000 

8  copyists,  "     900 

1  messenger 840 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

2  laborers,  each 660 

2  special  agents,  each 2000 


INDIAN  AGENTS  AND  AGENCIES. 

State  or          Per 
Territory.  Annum. 

1  at  the  Warm  Springs  Agency,  Oregon..$1000 

1 

I 

I 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 


Klamath 

..  1100 

Grand  Ronde 

..  1000 

Siletz 

..  1200 

Umatilla 

..  1200 

Malheur 

"..  1000 

Neah  Bay  Agency,  Wash.  Ter 

.   1100 

Yakama 

« 

.  2000 

Colville 

a 

.  1500 

Nisqually 

" 

.  1200 

S'Kokomish 

(t 

.  1100 

Tulalip 

" 

.  1500 

Quinaielt 

{( 

.  1000 

Round  Valley  Agency,  Cal  .... 

..  1500 

Hoopa  Valley        "          "  

..  1000 

INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


239 


State  or         Per     ' 
Territory.  Annum. 

1  at  the  Tule  River  Agency,  California. ..§1000 
1      «      Mission  ".  "        ...  1300 

1      "      Nevada  Agency,  Nevada 1800 

1      "      Western  Shoshone  Agency,  Nev.  1800 
Nez  Perces  Agency,  Idaho  Ter...  1600 

Lemhi  "  "    HOO 

Fort  Hall  "  "    1500 

Flathead  Agency,  Montana  Ter..  1500 
Blackfeet       "  "          ..  1800 

Crow  "  "          ..  2000 

1  Fort  Peck      "  "          ..  2000 

1  Fort  Belknap  Agency,  Montana 

Ter 1000 

1  Yankton  Agency,  Dal.ota  Ter....  1600 

1  Crow  Creek  "  "         ....  1400 

1  Standing  Rock  Agency,  "         ....  1700 

]  Cheyenne  River     "         "         ....  1500 

1  Fort  Berthold         "         "         ....  1500 

1  Sisseton  "         "         ....  1500 

1  Devil's  Lake  "         "         ....  1200 

Lower  Brule  "         "         ....  1200 

Pine  Ridge  "         "         ....  2200 

Rosebud  "         "         ....  2200 

Shoshone  Agency,  Wyoming  Ter.   1500 

Uintah  "         Utah  Ter 1000 

Pueblo  Agency,  New  Mexico  Ter.  2000 
1  Navajo        "  "  2000 

1  Mescalero  "  "  1500 

1  Los  Pinos  Agency,  Colorado 1500 

1  White  River     "  "         1400 

1  Southern  Ute  "  "         1400 

1  Great  Nemaha  Agency,  Nebraska  1000 

1  Omaha  and  Winnebago  Agency, 

1  Nebraska 1600 

1  Otoe  Agency,  Nebraska 1000 

1  Sant.ee     "  "         1200 

1  Pottawatomie  Agency,  Kansas...  1000 

Ponca  Agency,  Indian  Ter 1500 

Pawnee     "  "  1500 

Sac  and  Fox  Agency,  Indian  Ter.  1200 
Quapaw  "  "  1200 

Osage  "  "  1600 

Cheyenne  and  Arapaho  Agency, 

Indian  Ter 2200 

Kiowa,  Comanche,  and  Wichita 

Agency,  Indian  Ter 2000 

Union  Agency 2000 

White  Earth  Agency,  Minnesota.  1600 

Sac  and  Fox         '         Iowa 1000 

Green  Bay  '         Wisconsin.  1500 

La  Pointe  '  "  2000 

Mackinac  '         Michigan..  1200 

New  York  '         New  York.  1200 

Colorado  River  Agency,  Arizona 

Ter 1500 

Pima     and    Maricopa    Agency, 

Arizona  Ter 1800 

1      "      San  Carlos  Agency,  Arizona  Ter.  2000 
1      "      Moquis  Pueblo  "  "  1300 


DUTIES  OF  INDIAN  AGENTS. 

Each  Indian  Agent  manages  and  super- 
intends within  his  agency  the  intercourse 
with  the  Indians,  agreeably  to  law,  and 
executes  and  performs  such  regulations 
and  duties  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the 


President,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
or  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs. 

Each  Agent  must  reside  near,  and  keep 
his  agency  within  or  neap  the  territory  of 
the  tribe  for  which  he  is  agent. 

The  President  may  require  any  mili- 
tary officer  to  perform  the  duties  of  an 
Indian  Agent. 

There  are  seventy-six  Indian  interpret- 
ers provided  for,  at  a  compensation  of 
$300  a  year  each,  as  follows  : 

For  the  tribes  in  Oregon  : 

Two  for  the  Klamath,  one  each  for  Grand 
Ronde,  Siletz,  Umatilla,  Warm  Springs,  and 
Malheur. 

Six  for  the  tribes  in  Washington  Territory. 

Three  for  the  tribes  in  Idaho :  one  each  for 
Nez  Perces,  Lemhi,  and  Fort  Hall. 

Four  for  the  tribes  in  Nevada :  one  each  for 
Pi-Ute,  Walker  River,  Western  Shoshone,  and 
Pyramid  Lake  Reservations. 

Six  for  the  tribes  in  Montana :  one  each  at 
Flathead,  Blackfeet,  Belknap,  and  Crow,  and 
two  at  Fort  Peck. 

Twelve  for  the  tribes  in  Dakota  :  two  each  at 
Fort  Berthold  and  Pine  Ridge,  and  one  each  at 
Yankton.  Crow  Creek,  Standing  Rock,  Chey- 
enne River,  Sisseton,  Devil's  Lake,  Rosebud, 
and  Lower  Brule. 

One  for  the  tribes  in  Wyoming,  at  the  Sho- 
shone Agency. 

One  for  the  tribes  in  Utah. 

Four  for  the  tribes  in  New  Mexico:  two  for 
Navajo,  one  each  for  Mescalero  Apaches  and 
Pueblo. 

Three  for  the  tribes  in  Colorado  :  one  each  at 
Los  Pinos,  Southern  Ute,  and  White  River. 

Six  for  the  tribes  in  Nebraska. 

Nine  for  the  tribes  in  the  Indian  Territory. 

Three  for  the  tribes  in  Wisconsin  :  one  at 
Green  Bay,  and  two  for  the  La  Pointe  Agen- 
cies. 

Four  for  the  tribes  in  Minnesota;  one  each 
for  Boise  Forte  and  White  Earth,  and  Red 
Lake  and  Leech  Lake. 

Two  for  the  tribes  in  Michigan,  Mackinac 
Agency. 

Five  for  the  tribes  in  Arizona :  one  each  for 
Colorado  River,  Pima  and  Maricopa,  Moquia 
Pueblo,  and  two  for  San  Carlos. 

A  preference  is  given  to  persons  of 
Indian  descent  for  appointments  as  inter- 
preters and  other  employments  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Indians. 

The  President  is  authorized  to  employ 
capable  persons  to  instruct  the  Indians 
in  agriculture,  and  for  teaching  the  chil- 
dren in  reading,  writing,  and  arith- 
metic. 

Carpenters,  farmers,  blacksmiths,  mil- 
lers, engineers,  physicians,  teachers,  and 
persons  in  other  capacities  are  provided 
for  the  several  Indian  tribes  at  the  public 
expense,  and  for  certain  tribes  schools 
are  supported. 


240 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


The  law  provides  a  force  of  Indian 
police  consisting  of  800  privates,  at  $5  a 
month  each,  and  100  officers,  at  §8  a 


month  each,  who  are  employed  to  main- 
tain order  and  to  prevent  illegal  traffic  in 
liquor  at  the  several  Indian  reservations. 


THE    PATENT    OFFICE. 


The  first  act  of  Congress  relating  to 
patents  was  approved  April  10,  1790, 
which  provided  that  upon  petition  made 
by  any  person  to  the  Secretary  of  State, 
the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  Attorney- 
General,  setting  forth  the  invention  or 
discovery  of  any  useful  art,  manufacture, 
etc.,  it  should  be  lawful  for  the  said  Sec- 
retary of  State,  the  Secretary  of  War, 
and  the  Attorney-General,  or  either  of 
them,  to  cause  letters  patent  to  be  made 
out,  the  same  to  bear  test  by  the  Presi- 
dent, and  sealed  with  the  seal  of  the 
United  States,  and  to  be  recorded  in  the 
Department  of  State.  That  act  also  re- 
quired a  specification  in  writing  contain- 
ing a  description  of  the  invention,  ac- 
companied by  explanations  and  models. 

The  present  Patent  Office  was  estab- 
lished by  the  act  of  Congress  of  March 
3,  1849,  and  reorganized  by  the  act  of 
July  8,  1870,  which  latter  act  provided 
that  all  records,  books,  models,  drawings, 
specifications,  and  other  papers  and 
things  pertaining  to  patents,  should  be 
safely  kept  and  preserved  therein. 

All  officers  and  employes  of  the  Patent 
Office  are  prohibited  from  having  any 
right  or  interest,  except  by  inheritance 
or  bequest,  in  any  patent  issued  by  the 
office. 

POWERS   AND    DUTIES   OF    THE    COM- 
MISSIONER. 

The  Commissioner  of  Patents  superin- 
tends, under  the  direction  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior,  and  performs  all 
duties  respecting  the  granting  and  issuing 
of  patents  directed  by  law.  and  has 
charge  of  all  books,  records,  papers, 
models,  machines,  and  other  things  be- 
longing to  the  Patent  Office. 

He  may  establish  regulations,  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  and  not  inconsistent  with  law 
for  the  conduct  of  proceedings  in  this 
office. 

It  is  his  duty  to  classify  and  arrange 
in  suitable  cases  in  the  rooms  and  gal- 


leries provided  for  the  purpose  the 
models,  specimens  of  composition,  fab- 
rics, manufactures,  works  of  art,  and 
designs  deposited  therein;  and  the  rooms 
and  galleries  must  be  kept  open  during 
suitable  hours  for  public  inspection. 

MODEL-ROOMS. 

Previous  to  the  date  of  the  great  fire, 
September  24,  1877,  which  destroyed  the 
model-rooms  and  contents  on  the  west 
and  north  sides,  comprising  87,000 
models,  the  model-room  as  an  entirety 
comprised  the  whole  of  the  third  story, 
and  consisted  of  four  grand  halls,  opening 
into  one  another,  and  affording  a  prom 
enade  of  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile 
around  the  four  sides  of  a  quadrangle. 
The  halls  were  fitted  up  with  two  tiers 
of  cases,  one  above  the  other.  Each 
case  was  eight  feet  in  height  by  from 
sixteen  to  twenty  feet  in  length,  with 
glass  sides  and  ends.  The  cases  could 
be  opened  and  their  contents  inspected  at 
any  time  in  the  presence  of  an  employ^. 
It  contained  about  200,000  models  of 
American  invention,  besides  many  curios- 
ities and  mementos,  specimens  of  home 
manufactures,  and  treasures  of  historic 
interest.  Among  them  were  Washing- 
ton's commission  as  Commander-in-Chief 
of  the  American  forces,  his  uniform, 
camp-chest,  and  other  personal  effects  ; 
the  coat  which  General  Jackson  wore  at 
the  battle  of  New  Orleans  ;  the  printing- 
press  first  used  by  Benjamin  Franklin, 
and  many  other  interesting  relics  and 
trophies,  all  of  which  relics  were  saved. 

This  gallery  was  begun  in  1836.  The 
ravages  of  the  fire  have  in  a  great  meas- 
ure been  repaired,  and  the  model-room 
now  presents  a  very  magnificent  as  well 
as  interesting  appearance.  Thousands1 
of  persons  visit  it  yearly,  and  it  affords 
them  an  opportunity  which  is  not  only 
valuable,  but  highly  entertaining. 

The  Commissioner  of  Patents  is  au- 
thorized to  restore  to  the  respective  ap- 
plicants such  of  the  models  belonging  to 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


241 


rejected  applications  as  he  thinks  are  not 
necessary  to  be  preserved,  or  he  may  sell 
or  otherwise  dispose  of  them  after  the 
application  has  been  finally  rejected  for 
one  year,  paying  the  money  into  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

A  library  of  scientific  works  and  peri- 
odicals, foreign  and  American,  to  aid  the 
officers  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties,  is 
provided. 

The  Commissioner  may,  for  gross  mis- 
conduct, refuse  to  recognize  any  person 
as  a  patent  agent,  either  generally  or  in 
a  particular  case,  the  reasons  for  refusal 
to  be  recorded,  and  subject  to  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

He  may  require  all  papers  filed  in  the 
office,  if  not  legibly  and  correctly  writ- 
ten, to  be  printed,  at  the  cost  of  the 
parties  filing  them.  He  may  print  copies 
of  the  claims  of  current  issues,  and  such 
laws,  decisions,  regulations,  and  circulars 
as  may  be  necessary  for  the  information 
of  the  public.  He  is  authorized  to  print, 
for  gratuitous  distribution,  not  to  exceed 
150  copies  of  the  complete  specifications 
and  drawings  of  each  patent  issued,  with 
suitable  indexes,  one  copy  to  be  placed 
for  free  public  inspection  in  each  capitol 
of  every  State  and  Territory,  one  for  lik£ 
purpose  in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  dis- 
trict court  of  each  judicial  district  of  the 
United  States,  except  when  such  offices 
are  located  at  capitols,  and  one  in  the 
Library  of  Congress.  Also  to  print  such 
additional  number  of  copies  of  specifi- 
cations and  drawings,  for  sale,  as  the 
actual  demands  for  the  same  require  ; 
and  to  furnish  complete  sets  to  any  pub- 
lic library  which  will  pay  for  binding 
the  same  into  volumes,  and  for  their 
transportation,  the  same  to  be  preserved 
and  to  be  of  easy  access  to  the  public. 

The  price  to  be  paid  for  uncertified 
printed  copies  of  specifications  and  draw- 
ings is  fixed  by  the  Commissioner. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  to 
lay  before  Congress  in  the  month  of 
January,  annually,  a  report,  giving  a  de- 
tailed statement  of  all  moneys  received 
for  patents,  for  copies  of  records  or  draw- 
ings, or  from  any  other  source  ;  a  detailed 
statement  of  all  expenditures  for  miscel- 
laneous expenses  ;  a  list  of  all  patents 
which  were  granted  during  the  preced- 
ing year ;  an  alphabetical  list  of  all  the 
patentees,  with  their  places  of  residence  ; 
a  list  of  all  patents  which  have  been  ex- 
tended during  the  year,  and  such  other 
information  of  the  condition  of  the  Patent 
Office  as  may  be  useful  to  Congress  or  the 
public. 


PATENT  EXAMINERS. 

The  Examiners-in-Chief  are  required 
to  be  persons  of  competent  legal  knowl- 
edge and  scientific  ability,  whose  duty  it 
is,  on  the  written  petition  of  the  appel- 
lant, to  revise  and  determine  upon  the 
validity  of  the  adverse  decisions  of  the 
Examiners  upon  applications  for  patents, 
and  for  reissue  of  patents,  and  in  inter- 
ference cases  ;  and,  when  required  by  the 
Commissioner,  to  hear  and  report  upon 
claims  for  extensions. 

Written  or  printed  copies  of  any  rec- 
ords, books,  papers,  or  drawings  belong- 
ing to  the  Patent  Office,  and  of  letters 
patent  authenticated  by  the  seal  and 
certified  by  the  Commissioner  or  Acting 
Commissioner  of  Patents,  shall  be  evi- 
dence in  all  cases  wherein  the  originals 
could  be  evidence  ;  and  any  person  making 
application  therefor,  and  paying  the  fee 
required  by  law,  may  have  certified  copies 
thereof. 

FORCE  IN  THE  PATENT  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Commissioner  of  Patents $4500 

Assistant  Commissioner  of  Patents 3000 

Chief  clerk... 2250 

3  exaininers-in-chief,  each 3000 

1  examiner  of  interferences 2500 

.1         "          "    trade-marks 2400 

1  examiner  of  designs 2400 

22  principal  examiners,  each 2400 

23  first  assistant  examiners,  each 1800 

23  second     "  "  "     1600 

23  third       "  "  «     1400 

1  financial  clerk 2000 

1  librarian 2000 

1  machinist 1600 

4  clerks,  each 1800 

5  "         "     1600 

19  "         "     1400 

30      "         "     1200 

42      "         "     1000 

85  copyists,  each 900 

4  draughtsmen,  each 1200 

1  clerk  and  messenger 1000 

6  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

1  skilled  laborer 1200 

10  attendants  in  model-room,  each 800 

25  laborers,  each 660 

14      "  "     600 

20  "  "     480 

INFORMATION  RESPECTING  PATENTS. 

Patents  are  issued  in  the  name  of  the 
United  States.  They  are  signed  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  countersigned 
by  the  Commissioner  of  Patents,  and  re- 
corded, with  the  specifications,  in  the 
Patent  Office.  Every  patent  contains  a 
short  description  of  the  invention  or  dis- 
covery, indicating  its  nature  and  design, 
and  grants  to  the  patentee,  his  heirs'or 


16 


242 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


assigns,  for  a  term  of  seventeen  years,  the 
exclusive  right  to  make,  use,  and  vend 
the  invention  or  discovery  throughout  the 
United  States  and  Territories. 

In  patents  granted  prior  to  March  2, 
1861,  which  run  before  that  date  for  four- 
teen years,  wherein  cases  which  have  not 
afforded  a  reasonable  remuneration,  the 
Commissioner  may,  on  proper  proofs,  ex- 
tend the  patent  for  a  term  of  seven  years, 
making  twenty-one  years  in  all. 

Every  patent  bears  date  as  of  a  day 
not  later  than  six  months  from  the  time 
at  which  it  was  allowed,  and  if  the  final 
fee  is  not  paid  within  that  time,  the 
patent  is  withheld. 

WHAT  INVENTIONS  ABE  PATENTABLE. 

Any  person  who  invents  or  discovers 
any  new  and  useful  art,  machine,  manu- 
facture or  composition  of  matter,  or  any 
new  and  useful  improvement  thereof,  not 
known  or  used  by  others  in  this  country, 
and  not  patented  or  described  in  any 
printed  publication  in  this  or  any  foreign 
country,  before  his  discovery  or  invention 
thereof,  and  not  in  public  use  or  on  sale 
for  more  than  two  years  prior  to  his  ap- 
plication, unless  the  same  is  proved  to 
have  been  abandoned,  may,  upon  pay- 
ment of  the  fees  required  by  law,  and 
other  due  proceedings  had,  obtain  a 
patent  therefor. 

REQUISITES  OP  APPLICATION,  DESCRIPTION,  ETC. 

The  inventor  or  discoverer  must  make 
application  in  writing  to  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Patents,  and  file  in  the  Patent 
Office  a  written  description  of  the  inven- 
tion or  discovery,  and  of  the  manner  and 
process  of  making,  constructing,  com- 
pounding, and  using  it,  in  such  full,  clear, 
concise,  and  exact  terms  as  to  enable 
any  person  skilled  in  the  art  or  science  to 
which  it  appertains  to  make,  construct, 
compound,  and  use  the  same ;  and  in 
case  of  a  machine,  he  must  explain  the 
principle  thereof,  and  the  best  mode  in 
which  he  has  contemplated  trying  the 
principle,  so  as  to  distinguish  it  from 
other  inventions  ;  and  he  must  particu- 
larly point  out  and  distinctly  claim  the 
part,  improvement,  or  combination  which 
he  claims  as  his  invention  or  discovery. 
The  specification  and  claim  must  be 
signed  by  the  inventor  and  attested  by 
two  witnesses. 

When  the  nature  of  the  case  admits  of 
drawings,  the  applicant  must  furnish  one 
copy,  signed  by  the  inventor  or  his  attor- 
ney, in  fact,  and  attested  by  two  witnesses. 


When  the  invention  or  discovery  is  of 
a  composition  of  matter,  the  applicant 
must  furnish,  if  required  by  the  Com- 
missioner, specimens  of  ingredients  and 
of  the  composition. 

In  all  cases  which  admit  of  representa- 
tion by  model,  a  model  of  convenient  size 
to  exhibit  advantageously  the  several 
parts  of  the  invention  must  be  furnished, 
if  required. 

The  applicant  must  make  oath  that  he 
verily  believes  himself  to  be  the  original 
and  first  inventor  or  discoverer  of  the 
art,  machine,  etc.,  for  which  he  solicits  a 
patent ;  that  he  does  not  know  and  does 
not  believe  the  same  was  ever  before 
known  or  used  5  and  must  state  of  what 
country  he  is  a  citizen. 

Every  patent  or  interest  therein  is 
assignable  in  law,  by  an  instrument  in 
writing ;  and  the  patentee  or  his  assigns 
or  legal  representatives  may,  in  like 
manner,  grant  and  convey  an  exclusive 
right,  under  his  patent,  to  the  whole  or 
any  specified  part  of  the  United  States. 

CAVEATS. 

Any  citizen  of  the  United  States  who 
makes  any  new  invention  or  discovery, 
and  desires  further  time  to  mature  the 
same,  may,  on  payment  of  the  fees  re- 
quired, file  in  the  Patent  Office  a  caveat, 
setting  forth  the  design  thereof,  and  of 
its  distinguishing  characteristics,  and 
praying  protection  of  his  right  until  he 
shall  have  matured  his  invention  ;  which 
will  be  filed  in  secret  and  be  operative 
for  one  year. 


PATENTS  FOR  DESIGNS. 

Any  person  who,  by  his  own  industry, 
genius,  efforts,  and  expense,  has  invented 
and  produced  any  new  and  original  de- 
sign for  a  manufacture,  bust,  statue,  alto- 
rilievo,  or  bass-relief;  any  new  and  orig- 
inal design  for  the  printing  of  woollen, 
silk,  cotton,  or  other  fabrics  ;  any  new  and 
original  impression,  ornament,  patent, 
print,  or  picture  to  be  printed,  painted, 
cast,  or  otherwise  placed  on  or  worked 
into  any  article  of  manufacture,  the  same 
not  having  been  known  or  used  by  others 
before  his  invention  or  production  thereof, 
or  patented  or  described  in  any  printed 
publication,  may,  upon  payment  of  the  fee 
prescribed  and  other  due  proceedings  had, 
the  same  as  in  cases  of  inventions  or  dis- 
coveries, obtain  a  patent  therefor. 

Patents  for  designs  may  be  granted  for 
the  term  of  three  years  and  six  months, 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


243 


for  seven  years,  or  fourteen  years,  as  the 
applicant  may  desire. 

RATES  FOR  PATENT  FEES. 

Each. 
On  filing  original  application  for  a  patent... $15 

On  issuing  original  patent 20 

On  filing  caveat 10 

On  application  for  reissue  of  a  patent 30 

On  filing  disclaimer 10 

On  appeal  for  first  time  from  primary  ex- 
aminers to  examiners-in-chief 10 

On  appeal  from  examiners-in-chief  to  Com- 
missioner    20 

For  certified  copies  of  patents  and  other 

papers,  10  cents  per  100  words. 
For  recording  assignment,  agreement,  power 
of  attorney,  or  other  paper,  of  300  words 
or  under,  $1 ;   of  over  300  and  under 
1000  words,  $2  j  of  over  1000  words,  $3. 
For  copies  of  drawings,  the  reasonable  cost 
of  making  them. 


Design   Cases.  Each. 

For  three  years  and  six  months $10 

For  seven  years 15 

For  fourteen  years 30 

Patent  fees  may  be  paid  to  the  Com- 
missioner of  Patents,  or  to  the  Treasurer, 
any  Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States,  any  designated  depositary,  Na- 
tional bank,  or  receiver  of  public  money, 
designated  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury for  that  purpose,  and  such  officer  is 
required  to  give  the  depositor  a  receipt  or 
certificate  of  deposit  therefor. 

TRADE-MARKS. 

The  law  heretofore  existing,  and  under 
which  the  right  for  the  exclusive  use  of 
trade-marks  has  been  granted,  has  re- 
cently been  declared  unconstitutional  by 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 


CENSUS    OFFICE. 


It  is  provided  that  a  census  of  the 
population,  wealth,  and  industry  of  the 
United  States  and  Territories  shall  be 
taken  on  or  for  the  date  June  1,  1880, 
and  that  subsequent  censuses  shall  be 
taken  in  the  same  manner  as  the  tenth, 
below  outlined,  unless  Congress  shall 
otherwise  provide. 

The  Census  Office  is  attached  to  the 
Department  of  the  Interior,  and  the  chief 
officer  thereof  is  denominated  the  Super- 
intendent, whose  duty  it  is,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
to  superintend  and  direct  the  taking  of 
the  tenth  census  of  the  United  States. 

The  Superintendent's  salary  is  $5000 
per  annum. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  ap- 
point a  chief  clerk  of  the  Census  Office ; 
six  clerks  at  $1800  per  annum  ;  ten  at 
$1600  ;  fifteen  at  $1400  ;  and  such  num- 
ber at  $1200,  and  of  copyists  and  com- 
puters, at  salaries  not  less  than  $700  or 
more  than  $1000  per  annum,  as  may  be 
found  necessary  for  the  proper  and 
prompt  compilation  and  publication  of 
the  results  of  the  enumeration  of  the 
census ;  upon  the  completion  of  which 
the  office  of  Superintendent  will  cease, 
and  the  period  of  service  of  the  clerks 
and  other  assistants  will  end. 

It  is  provided  that  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  shall,  on  or  before  March  1, 


1880,  designate  the  number,  whether 
one  or  more,  of  Supervisors  of  the  cen- 
sus to  be  appointed  within  each  State 
and  Territory,  who  shall  be  residents  of 
the  State  or  Territory  ;  the  total  number 
not  to  exceed  one  hundred  and  fifty.  Each 
Supervisor  will  be  entitled  to  receive,  upon 
the  completion  of  his  duties,  $500,  in  full 
for  all  services  rendered  and  expenses  in- 
curred by  him,  except  an  allowance  for 
clerk-hire,  which  may  be  made  at  the 
discretion  of  the  Superintendent. 

DUTIES  OF  SUPERVISORS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  each  Supervisor  to 
propose  to  the  Superintendent  the  appor- 
tionment of  his  district  into  subdivisions 
most  convenient  for  the  purposes  of 
enumeration.  To  designate  suitable  per- 
sons, and,  with  the  consent  of  the  Super- 
intendent, to  employ  such  persons  as 
enumerators  within  his  district,  one  for 
each  subdivision  and  resident  therein ; 
and  to  transmit  to  the  enumerators  the 
printed  forms  and  schedules  issued  from 
the  Census  Office.  To  instruct  enumera- 
tors in  their  duties.  To  advise  with  them 
in  person  and  by  letter.  To  cause  the 
enumerators  to  distribute  the  schedules 
to  be  filled  up  by  householders  and 
others.  To  transmit  the  returns  of  enu- 
merators as  early  as  practicable,  which 


244 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


he  must  examine  and  scrutinize  to  see 
that  their  work  has  been  performed  in 
full  compliance  with  the  law.  To  forward 
to  the  Census  Office  complete  returns  of 
his  district ;  also  the  accounts  to  ascertain 
the  amount  of  compensation  due  to  each 
enumerator. 

DUTIES  OP  ENUMERATORS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  each  Enumerator  to 
visit  personally  each  dwelling-house  in 
his  subdivision  and  each  family  therein, 
each  individual  living  out  of  the  family, 
making  inquiry  from  the  head  of  each 
family,  or  the  member  thereof  deemed 
most  worthy  of  trust,  or  the  individual 
out  of  the  family,  to  obtain  all  the  infor- 
mation and  particulars  required. 

If  no  person  of  the  family  is  competent 
to  give  the  answers,  the  Enumerators  may 


obtain  the  information  from  persons 
living  nearest.  He  must  forward  the 
original  schedules,  duly  certified,  to  the 
Supervisor  of  his  district. 

Enumerators  will  be  allowed,  in  sub- 
divisions where  such  allowance  is  deemed 
sufficient,  not  exceeding  2  cents  for 
each  living  inhabitant,  2  cents  for 
each  death  reported,  10  cents  for  each 
farm,  and  10  cents  for  each  establish- 
ment of  productive  industry  enumerated 
and  returned.  For  all  other  subdivisions 
their  compensation  to  be  fixed  by  the 
Superintendent,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Secretary,  according  to  the  difficulties  of 
the  enumeration,  which  shall  not  average 
in  any  district  east  of  the  one  hundredth 
meridian  to  exceed  $4  per  day  of  ten 
hours'  work,  and  west  of  said  meridian 
not  to  exceed  $6  per  day. 


BUREAU  OF  EDUCATION. 


This  Bureau  was  established  by  the 
act  of  Congress,  March  2,  1867,  which 
declared  the  purpose  and  duties  of  the 
same  to  be  to  collect  statistics  and  facts 
showing  the  condition  and  progress  of 
education  in  the  several  States  and  Terri- 
tories, and  to  difi'ilse  such  information 
respecting  the  organization  and  manage- 
ment of  schools  and  school  systems,  and 
methods  of  teaching,  as  shall  aid  the 
people  of  the  United  States  in  the  estab- 
lishment and  maintenance  of  efficient 
school  systems,  and  otherwise  promote 
the  cause  of  education  throughout  the 
country. 

The  management  of  the  office  is  in- 
trusted to  the  Commissioner  of  Educa- 
tion, subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior.  The  Commissioner 


is  required  to  present  annually  to  Con- 
gress a  report  of  his  investigations  and 
such  facts  and  recommendations  as  will, 
in  his  judgment,  subserve  the  purpose  for 
which  the  office  is  established. 


FORCE   OF   THE   BUREAU. 


Commissioner  of  Education. 

Chief  clerk 

Statistician 

1  clerk 

1      "     

1  translator 


Per  Annum. 

$3000 

1800 

1800 

1800 

1600 

..   1600 


1  clerk 1400 

2  clerks 1200 

6  copyists,  each 900 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer....  ,     660 


AUDITOR  OF  RAILROAD  ACCOUNTS. 


The  act  of  Congress  of  June  19,  1878, 
established  the  Office  of  Auditor  of  Rail- 
road Accounts  as  a  Bureau  of  the  In- 
terior Department. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  AUDITOR. 

It  is  his  duty,  under  and  subject  to  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 


to  prescribe  a  system  of  reports  to  be 
rendered  to  him  by  the  railroad  com- 
panies whose  roads  are  in  whole  or  in 
part  west,  north,  or  south  of  the  Missouri 
River,  and  to  which  the  United  States 
have  granted  any  loan  of  credit  or  sub- 
sidy in  bonds  or  lands ;  to  examine  the 
books  and  accounts  of  each  of  said  rail- 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


245 


road  companies  once  in  each  fiscal  year, 
and  at  such  other  times  as  may  be  deemed 
by  him  necessary  to  determine  the  cor- 
rectness of  any  report  received  from 
them ;  to  assist  the  Government  directors 
of  any  of  said  railroad  companies  in  all 
matters  which  come  under  their  cogni- 
zance whenever  they  may  request  such 
assistance ;  to  see  that  the  laws  relating 
to  said  companies  are  enforced ;  to  fur- 
nish such  information  to  the  several  De- 
partments of  the  Government,  in  regard 
to  tariffs  for  freight  and  passengers,  and 
in  regard  to  the  accounts  of  said  railroad 
companies,  as  may  be  by  them  required, 
or  in  the  absence  of  any  request  therefor, 


as  he  may  deem  expedient,  and  to  make 
an  annual  report  to  the  Secratary  of  the 
Interior,  on  the  first  day  of  November 
of  each  year,  on  the  condition  of  said 
railroad  companies,  their  road,  accounts, 
and  affairs  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  preceding. 

FORCE  ij*  THE  OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 

Auditor $3600 

Book-keeper 2400 

Assistant  book-keeper 2000 

Railroad  engineer 2000 

1  clerk 1400 

1  copyist 900 

1  messenger 600 


ARCHITECT  OF  THE  CAPITOL. 


The  Architect  of  the  Capitol  devises 
plans  for  the  alterations  and  repairs  of 
the  Capitol  building,  and  superintends 
the  employes  and  workmen  engaged  upon 
the  same. 

He  also  has  charge  of  the  grounds  be- 
longing to  and  surrounding  the  Capitol. 


FORCE  EMPLOYED  BY  THE  ARCHI- 
TECT. 

Per  Annum. 
Architect $4500 

2  clerks,  each 1800 

1  draughtsman 1800 

1  civil  engineer .  1800 

1  foreman 1500 

1  superintendent  of  meters 1200 

1  messenger 900 

3  foremen,  each 900 

2  superintendents  of  heating  apparatus, 

each 864 

1  laborer 720 

6  watchmen,  each 720 

2  lamp-lighters,  each 720 

6  watchmen,  ea«h 660 

4  laborers,         "    660 

3  watchmen,     "    600 


Per  Diem. 

1  artist $10.00 

1  foreman  of  painters 4.25 

1  plumber 4.00 

1  marble-cutter 4.00 

1  foreman 3.50 

1  stone-cutter 3.50 

4  carpenters,  each 3.00 

1  coppersmith 3.00 

1  plasterer 3.00 

1  blacksmith 3.00 

5  painters,  each 2.75 

3  watchmen,"    2.50 

1  carpenter 2.50 

1  mason 2.50 

1  rigger 2.50 

6  painters,  each 2.25 

1  messenger 2.00 

8  carters,  each 2.00 

2  assistant  gasfitters,  each 2.00 

1  blacksmith's  helper 1.75 

1  painter 1.75 

2  riggers,  each 1.75 

3  polishers,  "    1.75 

3  hod-carriers,  each 1.75 

1  rodman 1.75 

7  laborers,  each 1.75 

14      "             "    1.50 

62      "            "    1.25 


GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


By  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  3, 
1879,  the  Office  of  Director  of  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  was  established,  under  the 
Interior  Department,  with  a  salary  of 
S6000  a  year,  which  officer  has  the  direc- 


tion of  said  survey,  and  the  classification 
of  the  public  lands,  and  examination  of 
the  geological  structure,  mineral  re- 
sources, and  products  of  the  national 
domain. 


246 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


The  Director  and  members  of  the  Sur- 
vey are  prohibited  from  having  any  per- 
sonal or  private  interests  in  the  lands  or 
mineral  wealth  of  the  region  under  sur- 


vey, and  cannot  execute  any  examinations 
or  surveys  for  private  parties  or  corpo- 
rations. For  this  service  the  sum  of 
$100,000  was  appropriated  by  Congress. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    COMMISSION. 


The  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1877, 
authorized  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
to  appoint  a  Commission,  to  consist  of 
three  skilled  entomologists,  to  report 
upon  the  depredations  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  locusts  in  the  Western  States 
and  Territories,  and  the  best  practicable 
methods  of  preventing  their  recurrence, 


or  guarding  against  their  invasions,  and 
appropriated  the  sum  of  $18,000  to  meet 
their  expenses ;  and  further  appropria- 
tions for  continuing  and  completing  the 
work  of  said  Commission  of  $10,000  for 
each  of  the  fiscal  years  ending  June  30, 
1879  and  1880,  have  been  made. 


OFFICERS    OF    THE    DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA 
UNDER  INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


RECORDER  OF  DEEDS. 

It  is  his  duty  to  record  all  deeds  and 
other  instruments  in  writing  authorized 
to  be  recorded,  and  perform  all  required 
services  connected  therewith. 

Legal  Fees. — For  filing,  recording,  and 
indexing,  or  for  making  certified  copy  of 
any  instrument  containing  200  words  or 
less,  50  cents,  and  15  cents  for  each  ad- 
ditional 100  words  ;  for  each  certificate 
and  seal,  25  cents  ;  for  searching  book 
extending  back  two  years  or  less,  25 
cents,  and  5  cents  for  each  additional 
year  ;  for  recording  town  plat,  3  cents 
for  each  lot ;  for  filing  and  indexing  any 
paper  required  by  law  to  be  filed  in  his 


office,  15  cents  ;  for  each  examination  of 
title  by  the  party  or  his  attorney,  50 
cents  ;  for  taking  any  acknowledgment, 
50  cents. 


REGISTER   OF  WILLS. 

The  Register  of  Wills  for  the  District 
of  Columbia  receives  his  compensation  by 
fees  allowed  by  law  for  registering  wills, 
etc. 

INSPECTOR   OF    GAS   METERS. 

Per  Annum. 

Inspector  of  Gas  Meters $2000 

1  assistant....  1000 


GOVERNMENT   HOSPITAL   FOR   THE   INSANE. 


The  Government  Hospital  for  the  In- 
sane was  organized  under  the  act  of 
March  3,  1855.  It  is  situated  on  the 
highlands,  across  the  Anacostia  River, 
southeast  of  Washington,  in  full  view  of 
the  Capitol. 


The  objects  of  the  institution  are  the 
humane  care  and  enlightened  curative 
treatment  of  the  insane  of  the  army  and 
navy,  marine  corps,  and  revenue-cutter 
service  of  the  United  States,  and  of  all 
persons  who  have  become  insane  since 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


247 


their  entry  into  the  military  or  naval  ser- 
vice of  the  United  States,  and  who  are 
indigent,  and  of  the  indigent  insane  of 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

EXTENT    OP    BUILDINGS    AND 
GROUNDS. 

The  extent  of  the  grounds  belonging 
to  the  United  States,  connected  with  the 
Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  is 
four  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres,  more 
or  less. 

The  original  hospital  edifice,  with  its 
two  detached  buildings  for  the  colored 
insane,  was  designed"  to  accommodate 
three  hundred  and  fifty  patients,  with 
their  attendants  ;  it  has  been  extended 
and  enlarged  at  different  times,  so  that 
its  present  capacity  may  be  fairly  esti- 
mated at  six  hundred  patients.  The  Re- 
lief Building,  now  in  process  of  com- 
pletion, will  afford  room  for  more  than 
two  hundred  cases  where  the  insanity  is 
of  a  mild  type.  The  number  of  inmates 
in  January,  1880,  was  eight  hundred  and 
sixty. 

The  buildings  connected  with  the 
hospital,  not  occupied  by  patients,  are  a 
boiler-house,  a  laundry,  a  bake-house, 
with  store-rooms,  a  machine-shop,  with 
carpenter-  and  blacksmith-shops,  a  pump- 
house,  a  porter's  lodge,  a  gas-house,  a 
stable,  and  a  stock-barn,  with  piggery 
and  hen-house.  With  the  exception  of 
the  stock-barn,  all  of  these  buildings  are 
substantial  brick  structures.  There  are 
also  eleven  dwelling-houses. 

The  United  States  has  invested  more 
than  half  a  million  dollars  in  this  hospi- 
tal property. 


About  one  thousand  persons  receive 
treatment  in  the  Government  Asylum  for 
the  Insane  yearly. 

There  is  a  farm  and  garden  belonging 
to  the  institution,  upon  which  the  in- 
mates work,  and  it  is  found  that,  besides 
being  sources  of  profit  and  income  to 
the  institution,  they  interest  the  inmates, 
quicken  a  new  life,  and  afford  a  diversion 
and  a  solace  to  them,  and  thus  aid  to  re- 
store their  reason. 

The  estimated  value  of  the  products  of 
the  farm  and  garden  for  the  year  1879 
was  $17,571.89. 

The  total  receipts  of  the  institution  for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1879,  were 
$176,809.41,  which  were  derived  as  fol- 
lows: 

Appropriated  from  the  Treasury  of 

the  United  States $150,000.00 

By  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
other  sources  for  board  of  pa- 
tients   26,809.41 


Total $176,809.41 


FORCE  EMPLOYED. 
9  honorary  visitors no  compensation. 

Per  Annum. 

Superintendent $2500 

1  assistant  physician 1100 

1         "  "        1000 

1         «  "        800 

1  chief  clerk 1300 

1  clerk  at  $600  per  annum,  1  at  $500,  i 
at  $270  per  annum,  and  208  others,  house- 
keepers, stewards,  supervisors,  engineers, 
watchmen,  attendants,  seamstresses,  etc.,  with 
compensation  from  $96  to  $900  per  annum 
each. 


COLUMBIA  INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  INSTRUCTION 
OF  THE  DEAF  AND   DUMB. 


The  Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  was  established  by  act  of 
Congress  of  February  16,  1857,  as  a  cor- 
poration, to  have  perpetual  succession. 
It  is  situated  in  the  city  of  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia. 


The  real  and  personal  property  of  the 
institution  must  not  be  devoted  to  any 
other  purpose  than  the  education  of  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  nor  can  any  portion  of 
the  real  estate  be  sold,  except  under  au- 
thority of  a  special  act  of  Congress. 


248 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


OFFICERS. 

The  President  of  the  United  States, 
patron  :  a  President  of  the  Institution  ;  a 
Secretary  and  a  Treasurer ;  a  Board  of  Di- 
rectors, consisting  of  eight  persons,  one 
of  whom  shall  be  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President 
of  the  Senate,  and  two  Representatives, 
to  be  appointed  by  the  Speaker  of  the 
House.  Salaries  and  wages,  per  annum, 
$29,000. 

ADMISSION  OF   PUPILS   FROM  THE 
DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

It  is  made  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  upon  satisfactory  evidence 
produced  by  the  President  of  the  Colum- 
bia Institution  that  any  deaf  and  dumb 
person  of  teachable  age,  belonging  to  the 
District  of  Columbia,  is  in  indigent  cir- 
cumstances, and  cannot  command  the 
means  to  secure  an  education,  to  author- 
ize such  person  to  enter  the  Institution 
tor  instruction. 


ADMISSION  OF  PUPILS  FROM  STATES 
AND   TERRITORIES. 

Deaf-mutes  not  exceeding  forty  in 
number,  residing  in  the  several  States 
and  Territories,  applying  for  admission 
to  the  collegiate  department  of  the  Colum- 
bia Institution,  shall  be  received  upon 
the  same  terms  and  conditions  as  those 
prescribed  for  those  from  the  District  of 
Columbia,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Institution.  No  student  com- 
ing from  either  of  the  States  shall  be 
supported  by  the  United  States  during 
any  portion  of  the  time  he  remains 
therein. 

During  the  year  ended  June  30,  1879, 
there  were  118  pupils  in  the  Institution. 

The  receipts  for  the  support  of  the  In- 
stitution during  that  year  were  $55,202, 
$51,000  of  which  was  appropriated  by 
Congress,  the  remainder  was  made  up 
from  the  sale  of  products  of  the  farm  be- 
longing to  the  Institution,  and  the  sale 
of  old  material.  There  were  also  appro- 
priated by  Congress  $5000  for  improve- 
ments on  buildings  and  grounds. 


REGULATIONS. 

The  academic  year  is  divided  into  three 
terms,  the  first  beginning  on  the  Thurs- 
day before  the  last  Thursday  in  Septem- 
ber, and  closing  on  24th  of  December ; 
the  second  beginning  the  2d  of  January, 
and  closing  the'  last  of  March  ;  the  third 
beginning  the  first  of  April,  and  closing 
the  Wednesday  before  the  last  Wednes- 
day in  June. 

The  vacations  are  from  the  24th  of  De- 
cember to  the  2d  of  January,  and  from 
the  Wednesday  before  the  last  Wednes- 
day in  June  to  the  Thursday  before  the 
last  Thursday  in  September. 

There  are  holidays  at  Thanksgiving 
and  Easter. 

The  pupils  may  visit  their  homes  dur- 
ing the  regular  vacations,  and  at  'the 
above-named  holidays,  but  at  no  other 
time,  unless  for  some  special,  urgent 
reason,  and  then  only  by  permission  of 
the  President. 

The  bills  for  the  maintenance  and  tu- 
ition of  pupils  supported  by  their  friends 
must  be  paid  semi-annually,  in  advance. 

The  charge  for  pay-pupils  is  $150  each 
per  annum.  This  sum  covers  all  expenses 
in  the  primary  department  except  cloth- 
ing, and  all  in  the  college  except  clothing 
and  books. 

The  Government  of  the  United  States 
defrays  the  expenses  of  those  who  reside 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  whose 
parents  are  in  the  army  or  navy,  pro- 
vided they  are  unable  to  pay  for  their 
education.  To  students  from  the  States 
and  Territories  who  have  not  the  means 
of  defraying  all  the  expenses  of  the  col- 
lege course,  the  Board  of  Directors  ren- 
ders such  assistance  as  circumstances 
seem  to  require,  as  far  as  the  means  at 
its  disposal  for  this  object  will  allow. 

It  is  expected  that  the  friends  of  the 
pupils  will  provide  them  with  clothing, 
and  it  is  important  that  upon  entering  or 
returning  to  the  Institution  they  should 
be  supplied  with  a  sufficient  amount  for 
an  entire  year.  All  clothing  should  be 
plainly  marked  with  the  owner's  name. 

All  letters  concerning  pupils  or  appli- 
cation for  admission  should  be  addressed 
to  the  President. 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 


249 


FKEEDMEN'S  HOSPITAL  AND  ASYLUM. 


The  Freedmen's  Hospital  and  Asylum 
was  established  primarily  for  the  recep- 
tion of  sick  freedmen,  in  which  they  could 
receive  medical  treatment,  nursing,  and 
care. 

Both  white  and  colored  patients  are 
now  treated,  and  the  Hospital  has  become 
a  general  one  for  the  reception  of  all 
classes  of  patients  within  the  District  of 
Columbia.  Many  of  the  patients  are 
non-residents. 

The  Hospital  is  located  near  Seventh 
Street  and  Boundary  Street. 

During  the  year  1879  about  900  pa- 
tients were  treated  in  the  Hospital,  and 


about  4000  prescriptions  were  put  up  for 
the  numerous  poor  who  constantly  apply 
for  aid  and  medical  treatment. 


OFFICERS  AND   ATTENDANTS. 

Per  Annum. 

Surgeon-in- Charge $2000 

Assistant,  surgeon 1800 

Executive  officer 1400 

Engineer  720 

Matron 216 

9  nurses,  each from  $72  to  240 

2  cooks,  each 180 

1  cook 96 

24  laborers,  each from  $60  to  720 


COLUMBIA  HOSPITAL  FOR  WO 

IN  ASYLUM. 


m£^*i 


The  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women 
and  Lying-in  Asylum  was  created  by 
act  of  Congress  of  June  1.  1866.  It  is 
situated  in  the  square  bounded  by 
Twenty-fourth,  Twenty-fifth,  M,  and  L 
Streets,  northwest,  and  fronts  Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue.  The  grounds  comprise 
two-thirds  of  the  square,  and  the  build- 
ing is  a  large  three-story  and  mansard- 
roof  structure  of  brick. 

The  objects  of  the  Asylum  are  the 
treatment  of  diseases  peculiar  to  women, 
and  where  those  unable  to  pay  therefor 
shall  be  furnished  with  board,  lodging, 
medicine,  and  medical  attendance  gra- 
tuitously. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1879,  299  patients  were  treated  in  this 
Hospital.  There  were  126  cases  of  deliv- 
ery during  the  same  period.  Besides  the 
patients  treated  in  the  Hospital,  the  man- 
agement offered  relief  to  a  large  number 
of  poor  women.  There  were  38  paying 


JTU. 


patients  treated  during  the  year,  and  the 
amount  received  from  them  was  §1381. 
Congress  appropriated  $12,000  for  the 
support  of  this  Hospital  for  the  year 
1879. 


OFFICERS   OF   THE    COLUMBIA   HOS- 
PITAL  AND    LYING-IN   ASYLUM. 

A  President,  two  Vice-Presidents,  Sec- 
retary, Treasurer,  seventeen  Directors, 
three  of  whom  must  be  Members  of  Con- 
gress, and  appointed  by  Congress,  who 
serve  without  additional  compensation, 
and  the  other  officers  before  named  serve 
without  compensation. 

Per  Annum. 
A  Resident   Physician   and   Sufgeon-in- 

Charge $1800 

A  matron 600 

13  nurses,  cooks,  laundresses,  laborers, 
and  others,  with  compensation  rang- 
ing from  $96  to  $240  each,  per  an- 


POST-OFFICE  DEPAKTMENT. 


This  Department  was  temporarily  es- 
tablished by  the  act  of  Congress  of  Sep- 
tember 22,  1789,  permanently  by  the  act 
of  May  8,  1794. 

The  Postmaster-General  is  the  head  of 
this  Department. 

There  are  three  Assistant  Postmasters- 
General,  at  a  salary  of  $3500  a  year  each. 

There  is  also  an  Assistant  Attorney- 
General  for  the  Post-Office  Department 
(mentioned  under  the  Department  of  Jus- 
tice), at  a  salary  of  $4000  a  year. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GEN- 
ERAL. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral : 

To  establish  and  discontinue  post- 
offices. 

To  decide  on  the  forms  of  all  official 
papers. 

To  prescribe  the  manner  of  keeping 
and  stating  accounts. 

To  enforce  the  prompt  rendition  of 
returns  relative  to  accounts. 

To  control,  subject  to  the  settlement  of 
the  Sixth  Auditor,  all  expenses  incident 
to  the  service  of  the  Department. 

To  superintend  the  disposal  of  the 
moneys  of  the  Department. 

To  direct  the  manner  in  which  balances 
shall  be  paid  over ;  issue  warrants  to 
cover  money  into  the  United  States 
Treasury ;  and  to  pay  out  the  same. 

To  superintend  generally  the  business 
of  the  Department,  and  execute  all  laws 
relative  to  the  postal  service. 

He  may  negotiate  and  conclude  postal 
treaties  with  foreign  countries,  and  may 
reduce  or  increase  the  rates  of  postage 
on  mail-matter  conveyed  between  the 
United  States  and  foreign  countries,  in 
order  to  counteract  adverse  measures  by 
foreign  countries. 

No  person  employed  in  the  Post-Office 
Department  shall  become  interested  in 
any  contract  for  carrying  the  mail,  or  act 
us  agent  for  any  contractor  or  person 

250 


offering  to  become  a  contractor  in  any 
business  before  the  Department,  on  pen- 
alty of  dismissal  from  office,  and  liability 
to  pay  as  much  money  as  would  have 
been  realized  from  the  contract,  to  be 
recovered  by  action  of  debt,  for  the  use 
of  the  Department. 

The  Postmaster-General  reports  the 
operations  of  his  Department  to  Con- 
gress, annually. 

The  postal  revenues,  and  all  debts  due 
the  Post-Office  Department,  when  col- 
lected, are  paid  into  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States,  by  warrants  of  the  Post- 
master-General, countersigned  by  the 
Sixth  Auditor. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  prescribe 
such  general  rules  and  modes  of  proceed- 
ing for  the  government  of  the  Sixth  Au- 
ditor in  ascertaining  the  fact  in  all  cases 
of  fine,  penalty,  forfeiture,  or  disability, 
or  alleged  liability  for  any  sum  of  money 
by  way  of  damage,  or  otherwise,  under 
any  law  in  relation  to  the  officers,  em- 
ployed, operations,  or  business  of  the 
postal  service ;  and  upon  the  fact  being 
ascertained  in  any  case,  the  Auditor  may, 
with  the  written  consent  of  the  Post- 
master-General, mitigate  or  remit  such 
fine,  penalty,  or  forfeiture,  remove  such 
disability,  or  compromise,  release,  or  dis- 
charge such  claim  for  such  sum  of  money 
and  damages,  and  on  such  terms  as  the 
Auditor  may  deem  Just  and  expedient. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  discharge 
from  imprisonment  any  person  confined 
in  jail  on  any  judgment  in  a  civil  case 
obtained  in  behalf  of  the  Post-Office 
Department,  if  it  be  made  to  appear  that 
the  defendant  has  no  property  of  any 
description. 

POST-OFFICES  AND  POSTMASTERS. 

He  may  establish  post-offices  at  such 
places  on  post-roads  established  by  law 
as  he  may  deem  expedient,  and  he  may 
discontinue  any  post-office  when  the 
safety  and  security  of  the  postal  service 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 


251 


and  revenues  are  endangered  from  any 
cause  whatever,  or  when  the  efficiency  of 
the  service  requires  it,  and  he  must  give 
prompt  notice  of  such  establishments  and 
discontinuances  to  the  Sixth  Auditor. 

He  must  supply  vacancies  of  post- 
masters without  delay,  and  when  the 
exigencies  of  the  service  require,  he  may 
place  vacant  offices  in  charge  of  special 
agents. 

The  Postmaster-General  must  furnish 
to  postmasters  at  the  termination  of  each 
route  a  schedule  of  the  time  of  arrival 
and  departure  of  the  mail  at  their  offices, 
respectively ;  also  shall  notify  them  of 
any  change  in  the  arrival  and  departure 
ordered ;  and  must  cause  registers  to  be 
kept,  at  short  intervals,  showing  the 
exact  time  of  the  arrivals  and  departures 
of  the  mails. 

He  must  direct  every  postmaster  to 
keep  a  record  of  all  postage-stamps,  en- 
velopes, and  other  property  received  from 
his  predecessor,  or  from  the  Department ; 
of  all  receipts  in  money  for  postages  and 
box-rents,  and  of  all  other  receipts  on 
account  of  the  postal  service. 

He  prescribes  the  form  in  which  every 
postmaster  shall  render,  under  oath,  a 
quarterly  account  of  all  moneys  received 
or  charged  by  him,  or  at  his  office,  for 
postage,  rent  of  boxes,  etc. 

NUMBER   AND  COMPENSATION  OF 
POSTMASTERS. 

The  exact  number  of  postmasters  can 
never  be  given,  as  changes  are  being 
made  every  day,  and  discontinuances  and 
establishments  almost  every  hour  in  the 
day.  The  approximate  number  now  ex- 
isting is  41,000,  and  that  number  is  prob- 
ably not  one  hundred,  more  or  less,  than 
the  exact  number. 

The  highest  compensation  paid  is  $4000 
a  year,  except  at  New  York  City,  which, 
by  special  enactment,  is  $8000. 

Offices  of  the  fourth  class  receive  no 
fixed  salary,  but  are  allowed  their  box- 
rents  and  commissions  on  cancelled 
stamps.  Some  of  this  class  receive  as 
low  as  $5  per  annum. 

COMPENSATION. 

The  respective  compensation  of  post- 
masters of  the  first,  second,  and  third 
classes  is  their  annual  salaries,  assigned 
in  even  hundreds  of  dollars,  and  payable 
quarterly  ;  fixed  by  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral, by  adding  to  au  amount  of  the  box- 
rents  of  the  office  received  or  estimated 
not  exceeding  $1350,  when  the  boxes  are 


supplied  and  owned  by  the  postmaster, 
and  two-thirds  of  the  box-rents,  and  not 
to  exceed  $1000,  when  the  boxes  are  not 
supplied  and  owned  by  the  postmaster, 
commissions  on  all  the  other  postal 
revenues  of  the  office  to  an  amount  not 
exceeding  $1350,  at  the  following  rates, 
namely  :  On  the  first  $100  per  quarter, 
sixty  per  centum  ;  on  all  over  $100  and 
not  over  $300  per  quarter,  fifty  per 
centum  ;  on  all  over  $300  and  not  over 
$700  per  quarter,  forty  per  centum  ;  and 
thirty  per  centum  on  all  revenues  exceed- 
ing $700  per  quarter,  but  the  aggregate  of 
the  said  commissions  not  to  exceed  $1350  ; 
and  at  all  offices  where  the  total  revenues 
exceed,  respectively,  $4000  per  annum, 
there  is  added  to  the  compensation  from 
box-rents  and  commissions  a  percentage 
of  the  gross  revenues  at  the  following 
rates,  namely:  One  per  centum  on  all 
sums  over  $4000  and  not  exceeding 
$10,000  ;  nine-tenths  of  one  per  centum 
on  all  sums  over  $10,000  and  not  exceed- 
ing $20,000 ;  eight-tenths  of  one  per 
centum  on  all  sums  over  $20,000  and  not 
exceeding  $40,000;  six-tenths  of  one  per 
centum  on  all  sums  over  $40,000  and  not 
exceeding  $80,000  ;  five-tenths  of  one  per 
centum  on  all  sums  over  $80,000  and  not 
exceeding  $160,000;  four-tenths  of  one 
per  centum  on  all  sums  over  $160,000 
and  not  exceeding  $320,000  ;  three-tenths 
of  one  per  centum  on  all  sums  over  $320,- 
000  and  not  exceeding  $640,000;  two- 
tenths  of  one  per  centum  on  all  sums  over 
$640,000  and  not  exceeding  $1,280,000  ; 
and  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum  on  all 
sums  exceeding  $1,280,000;  and  in  order 
to  ascertain  the  amount  of  the  postal  re- 
ceipts of  each  office,  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral may  require  postmasters  to  furnish 
duplicates  of  their  quarterly  returns  to 
the  Auditor  at  such  times  and  for  such 
periods  as  he  may  deem  necessary  in  each 
case  :  Provided,  That  at  offices  where  the 
letter-carrier  system  is  now,  or  may  here- 
after be,  established,  the  box-rents,  in  fix- 
ing the  compensation  of  the  respective 
postmasters  at  such  offices,  must  be  esti- 
mated at  not  less  than  $1000  per  annum; 
but  at  all  such  offices  where  the  compen- 
sation is  now  $4000,  they  must  be  esti- 
mated at  an  amount  which,  with  the 
commissions  and  percentages  hereby 
allowed,  will  make  the  salaries  of  the 
postmasters  thereat  not  less  than  $3000. 

Fourth- Class  Postmasters. 

The  compensation  of  postmasters  of  the 
fourth  class  is  the  whole  of  the  box-rents 


252 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


collected  at  their  offices,  and  commis- 
sions upon  the  amount  of  the  cancelled 
postage-due  stamps,  on  amounts  received 
from  waste-paper,  dead  newspapers, 
printed  matter,  and  twine  sold,  and 
on  postage-stamps,  stamped  envelopes, 
postal  cards,  and  newspaper  and  peri- 
odical stamps  cancelled  on  matter  actually 
mailed  at  their  offices,  at  the  following 
rate,  namely :  On  the  first  $100  or  less 
per  quarter,  sixty  per  centum  ;  on  all 
over  $100  and  not  over  $300  per  quarter, 
fifty  per  centum  5  and  on  all  over  $300 
per  quarter,  forty  per  centum  5  the  same 
to  be  ascertained  and  allowed  by  the 
Auditor  in  the  settlement  of  the  accounts 
of  such  postmasters,  upon  their  sworn 
quarterly  returns  :  Provided,  That  when 
the  compensation  of  any  postmaster  of 
this  class  reaches  $1000  per  annum,  ex- 
clusive of  commissions  on  money-order 
business,  and  when  the  returns  to  the 
Auditor  for  four  quarters  show  him  to  be 
entitled  to  a  compensation  in  excess  of 
that  amount,  the  Auditor  must  report 
such  fact  to  the  Postmaster-General,  who 
must  assign  him  to  his  proper  class,  and 
fix  his  salary  :  Provided  further,  That  in 
no  case  must  there  be  allowed  to  any 
postmaster  of  this  class  a  compensation 
greater  than  $250  in  any  one  quarter,  ex- 
clusive of  money-order  commissions. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  adjust 
salaries  of  the  first,  second,  and  third 
classes  (except  New  York)  once  in  two 
years,  and  in  special  cases  as  much 
oftener  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  designate 
offices  at  the  intersection  of  mail-routes 
as  distributing  or  separating  offices,  and 
where  any  such  office  is  of  the  third  or 
fourth  class,  he  may  make  a  reasonable 
allowance  to  the  postmaster  for  necessary 
cost  of  clerk-hire. 


CLERKS  IN  POST-OFFICES. 

There  are  now  employed  in  the  dif- 
ferent post-offices  throughout  the  United 
States  about  5000  clerks.  They  are  ap- 
pointed and  their  compensation  is  fixed 
by  the  local  postmasters,  and  it  is  paid 
out  of  an  allowance  made  by  the  Post- 
master-General for  clerk-hire.  Their 
salaries  range  all  the  way  from  $100  to 
$4000  per  annum,  the  chiefs  of  divisions 
in  the  New  York  City  Post-Office  each 
receiving  the  latter  sum.  This  class  of 
employes,  as  may  be  said  of  all  branche 
of  the  postal  service,  is  constantly  on  thi 
increase. 


LETTER-CARRIERS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral to  cause  the  employment  of  letter- 
carriers  at  every  place  containing  a  pop- 
ilation  of  50,000  within  the  delivery 
routes  of  its  post-office. 

They  may  be  employed  at  any  city  of 
20,000  inhabitants  within  its  corporate 
imits,  or  at  cities  the  post-offices  at  which 
produce  $20,000  a  year. 

Letter-carriers  are  classified,  with  com- 
pensation at  $1000,  $850,  and  $800  per 
innum,  each,  with  a  provision  for  the 
employment  of  a  class  called  auxiliaries 
at  the  largest  offices,  with  compensation 
at  $400  per  annum  each. 

Two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  em- 
Dloyed  in  any  city  may  be  placed  in  the 
jUOOO  class,  and  not  less  than  one-half 
nust  be  so  placed,  the  remaining  one- 
:hird  or  one-half  to  receive  $800. 

Letter-carriers  are  employed  and  their 
pay  fixed  by  the  Postmaster-General  as 
follows : 


No. 


Albany,  New  York 18 


Allegheny,  Pennsylvania 11 

Atlanta,  Georgia 6 

Baltimore,  Maryland 42 

"                 "         23 

"                 «         2 

Bangor,  Maine 4 

Blooinington,  Illinois 6 

Boston,  Massachusetts 106 

"             55 

Brooklyn,  New  York 62 

"                 "                              .  31 


Buffalo,  New  York 24 

"  12 

Burlington,  Iowa 6 

Camden,  New  Jersey 6 

Charleston,  South  Carolina 8 

Chicago,  Illinois 108 

'<  54 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 48 

"  «  25 

Cleveland,  Ohio 22 

"  " 14 

Columbus,  Ohio '.....  12 

Covington,  Kentucky 5 

Davenport,  Iowa 8 

Dayton,  Ohio 12 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 7 

Detroit,  Michigan. 20 

11 

Dubuque,  Iowa 5 

Easton,  Pennsylvania 6 

Elizabeth,  New  Jersey 6 

Elmira,  New  York 7 

Erie,  Pennsylvania 7 

Evansville,  Indiana 7 

Fall  River,  Massachusetts 6 

Fort  Wayne,  Indiana 7 

Grand  Rapids,  Michigan 8 


Per 

Annum. 

$1000 

800 

850 

850 

1000 
800 
400 
850 
850 

1000 
800 

1000 
800 
400 

1000 
800 
850 
850 
850 

1000 
800 

1000 
800 

1000 
800 
850 
850 
850 
850 
850 

1000 
800 
850 
850 
850 
850 
850 
850 
850 
850 
850 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 


253 


No. 

Per 

Annum. 

Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  

6 

$850 

11 

860 

Hoboken,  New  Jersey  

4 

850 

18 

1000 

10 

800 

Jersey  City,  New  Jersey  

12 

1000 

"                    "          

6 

800 

Kansas  City,  Missouri  

15 

850 

Lafayette,  Indiana  

5 

850 

5 

850 

Lawrence,  Massachusetts  

8 

850 

Leaven  worth,  Kansas  

5 

850 

20 

1000 

«                    « 

10 

800 

10 

850 

Lynn,  Massachusetts  

7 

850 

Manchester,  New  Hampshire  

5 

850 

Memphis,  Tennessee.,  

13 

850 

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin  

16 

1000 

«                   <i 

10 

800 

Minneapolis,  Minnesota  

10 

850 

Mobile,  Alabama  

6 

850 

10 

850 

Newark,  New  Jersey  

16 

1000 

a                  <t 

8 

800 

New  Bedford,  Massachusetts  

7 

850 

16 

850 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana  

30 

1000 

17 

800 

New  York,  New  York  

262 

1000 

"                   "       

133 

800 

"                   " 

45 

400 

5 

850 

Oakland,  California  

6 

850 

Omaha,  Nebraska  

6 

850 

Oswego,  New  York  

6 

850 

7 

850 

Peoria,  Illinois  

7 

850 

Petersburg,  Virginia  

5 

850 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania  

168 

1000 

85 

800 

Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania  

22 

1000 

12 

850 

Portland,  Maine  

10 

850 

Pottsville,  Pennsylvania  

4 

850 

Poughkeepsie,  New  York  

6 

850 

14 

1000 

"                      "           

7 

800 

7 

850 

Reading,  Pennsylvania  

8 

850 

Richmond,  Virginia  

16 

850 

Rochester,  New  York  

14 

1000 

"                  "        

10 

800 

Saint  Joseph,  Missouri  

7 

850 

70 

1000 

«                 ti 

37 

800 

t(                 (i 

8 

400 

Saint  Paul,  Minnesota  

12 

850 

6 

850 

San  Francisco,  California  

32 

1000 

(f                      (i 

18 

800 

Savannah,  Georgia  

6 

850 

Springfield,  Illinois  

5 

850 

8 

850 

Syracuse,  New  York  

16 

850 

Toledo,  Ohio  

14 

850 

Trenton,  New  Jersey  

6 

850 

Troy,  New  York  

15 

850 

Utica,  New  York  

12 

850 

Washington,  District  of  Columbia 

28 

1000 

No. 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia     1 6 

Wheeling,  West  Virginia 6 

Wilmington,  Delaware 10 

Worcester,  Massachusetts 11 


Annum. 

§800 

850 

850 

850 


All  expenses  of  letter-carriers,  branch 
offices,  and  receiving-boxes,  or  incident 
thereto,  must  be  kept  and  reported  in  a 
separate  account,  and  the  Postmaster- 
General  is  guided  in  the  expenditures  for 
this  branch  of  the  service  by  the  income 
derived  therefrom. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  establish 
within  any  post-office  delivery  one  or 
more  branch  offices  for  the  receipt  and 
delivery  of  mail  matter,  and  the  sale  of 
stamps  and  envelopes. 

The  Postmaster-General  furnishes  to 
the  post-offices  exchanging  mails  with 
foreign  countries,  and  to  such  other  offices 
as  he  may  deem  expedient,  postal  bal- 
ances denominated  in  grains  of  the 
metric  system,  fifteen  grains  of  which 
are  equivalent,  for  postal  purposes,  of 
one-half  ounce  avoirdupois. 

He  may  prescribe  the  manner  of  wrap- 
ping and  securing  for  the  mails  all  mat- 
ter not  charged  with  letter  postage  ;  and 
postmasters  at  the  office  of  delivery  may 
remove  the  wrappers  and  envelopes  from 
mail-matter  not  charged  with  letter  post- 
age, when  it  can  be  done  without  destroy- 
ing them,  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining 
whether  there  is  anything  about  them 
which  would  authorize  a  higher  rate  of 
postage. 

He  may  prescribe  the  terms  upon 
which  route  agents  may  receive  from 
publishers,  or  any  news  agents,  packages 
of  newspapers  and  other  periodicals,  and 
deliver  the  same  as  directed. 

POSTAGE-STAMPS   AND   ENVELOPES. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  from  time 
to  time  adopt  such  improvements  in  post- 
age-stamps and  stamped  envelopes  as  he 
may  deem  advisable. 

REGISTERED  LETTERS. 

He  may  establish  a  uniform  system  of 
registration,  but  the  Post-Office  Depart- 
ment or  its  revenue  is  not  liable  for  the 
loss  of  any  mail-matter  on  account  of  its 
having  been  registered. 

He  may  upon  evidence  satisfactory  to 
him  that  any  person  is  engaged  in  con- 
ducting any  fraudulent  lottery,  gift  enter- 
prise, or  scheme  for  the  distribution  of 
money  or  of  any  real  or  personal  prop- 
erty, by  lot,  chance,  or  drawing  of  any 


254 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


kind,  or  in  conducting  any  scheme  or 
device  for  obtaining  money  through  the 
mails  by  means  of  false  or  fraudulent 
pretenses,  representations,  or  promises, 
instruct  postmasters  at  any  post-offices  at 
which  registered  letters  arrive  directed 
to  any  such  person,  to  return  all  such 
registered  letters  to  the  postmasters  at 
the  offices  at  which  they  were  originally 
mailed,  with  the  word  "fraudulent" 
plainly  written  or  stamped  on  the  out- 
side of  such  letters  ;  and  all  such  letters, 
so  returned  to  such  postmasters  shall  be 
by  them  returned  to  the  writers  thereof. 


CONTRACTS    FOR    CARRYING    THE 
MAILS. 

The  Postmaster-General  must,  before 
making  any  contract  for  carrying  the 
mail,  give  public  notice  by  advertising 
once  a  week  for  six  weeks  in  one  or 
more,  not  exceeding  five,  newspapers 
published  in  the  State  or  Territory  where 
the  service  is  to  be  performed,  one  of 
which  to  be  published  at  the  seat  of 
government  of  such  State  or  Territory  ; 
such  notice  to  describe  the  route,  the 
time  at  which  the  mail  is  to  be  made  up, 
the  time  at  which  it  is  to  be  delivered, 
and  the  frequency  of  the  service.  Con- 
tracts with  railway  companies  may  be 
made  without  advertising  for  bids,  also 
with  owners  or  masters  of  steamboats 
plying  upon  the  waters  of  the  United 
States,  or  of  any  steamship  or  other  ves- 
sel plying  between  ports  of  the  United 
States,  for  carrying  the  mail  for  any 
length  of  time  less  than  four  years. 

Bids  must  be  opened  and  marked  in 
the  presence  of  the  Postmaster-General 
and  one  or  two  of  the  Assistant  Post- 
masters-General. 

It  is  his  duty  to  record  a  true  abstract 
of  all  proposals  made  to  him  for  carrying 
the  mail,  with  full  particulars,  and  the 
original  proposals  must  be  placed  on  file. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  accept 
new  surety  upon  any  contract,  in  substi- 
tution for  and  release  of  any  existing 
surety.  Contracts  are  made  for  a  period 
of  not  longer  than  four  years. 

Whenever  by  error  or  other  cause  any 
route  was  omitted  at  the  regular  letting, 
it  is  the  duty  of  the  Postmaster-General 
to  advertise  as  soon  as  the  omission  is 
discovered. 

He  may  make  deductions  from  the  pay 
of  contractors  for  failures  to  perform  ser- 
vice according  to  contract,  and  impose 
fines  upon  them  for  any  delinquencies. 
He  may  deduct  the  price  of  the  trip  in 


all  cases  when  the  trip  is  not  performed ; 
and  not  exceeding  three  times  the  price, 
if  the  failure  is  occasioned  by  the  fault 
of  the  contractor  or  carrier.  Mail  con- 
tracts are  not  assignable.  There  are 
about  5660  mail  contractors. 

POST-ROADS.    CARRYING  THE  MAIL. 

The  following  are  established  post- 
roads  : 

All  the  waters  of  the  United  States, 
during  the  time  the  mail  is  carried 
thereon. 

All  railroads  or  parts  of  railroads  which 
are  in  operation. 

All  canals  during  the  time  the  mail  is 
carried  thereon. 

The  road  on  which  the  mail  is  carried 
to  supply  any  court-house  which  may  be 
without  a  mail,  and  the  road  on  which 
the  mail  is  carried  under  contract  made 
by  the  Postmaster-General  for  extend- 
ing the  line  of  posts  to  supply  mails  to 
post-offices  not  on  any  established  route, 
during  the  time  such  mail  is  carried 
thereon. 

All  letter-carrier  routes  established  in 
any  city  or  town  for  the  collection  and 
delivery  of  mail-matter. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral to  provide  for  carrying  the  mail  on 
all  post-roads  established  by  law  as  often 
as  he,  having  due  regard  for  productive- 
ness and  other  circumstances,  may  think 
proper.  Also  to  cause  a  mail  to  be  car- 
ried from  the  nearest  post-office  on  any 
established  road  to  the  court-house  of 
any  county  in  the  United  States  which 
is  without  a  mail. 

He  may  contract  for  carrying  the  mail 
on  the  navigable  canals  of  the  several 
States,  in  his  discretion  ;  also  on  any 
plank-road  in  the  United  States,  also  in 
any  steamboat  or  other  vessel  used  as  a 
packet  on  any  of  the  waters  of  the  United 
States. 

He  may  make  contracts  for  carrying  the 
mail,  not  exceeding  one  year,  in  steam- 
ships between  any  ports  in  the  United 
States. 

He  may  enter  into  contracts  for  extend- 
ing the  line  of  post  to  supply  mails  to 
post-offices  not  on  any  established  route. 

He  may  change  the  terminus  of  post- 
roads  connecting  with  or  intersecting 
railways,  when  the  service  can  be  thereby 
improved. 

Whenever,  in  his  opinion,  the  postal 
service  cannot  be  safely  continued,  the 
revenues  collected,  or  the  laws  maintained 
on  any  post-road,  he  may  discontinue  the 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 


255 


service  on  such  road  or  any  part  thereof 
until  the  same  can  be  safely  restored. 

He  may,  when  he  deems  it  advisable, 
contract  for  the  transportation  of  the 
mails  to  and  from  any  post-office ;  but 
where  such  service  is  performed  over  a 
route  not  established  by  law,  he  must 
report  the  same  to  Congress  at  its  next 
meeting,  and  such  service  will  cease  at 
the  end  of  the  next  session,  unless  such 
route  is  established  by  Congress. 

He  may  pay  to  the  master  or  owner  of 
any  vessel  not  regularly  employed  in 
carrying  the  mail  two  cents  for  every 
letter  carried  by  such  vessel  between 
ports  or  places  in  the  United  States. 

RAILWAY  SERVICE. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral to  arrange  the  railway -routes  on 
which  the  mail  is  carried  into  three 
classes,  according  to  the  size  of  the  mails, 
the  speed  at  which  they  are  carried,  and 
the  frequency  and  importance  of  the  ser- 
vice, so  that  each  railway  company  will 
receive  a  proportionate  and  just  rate  of 
compensation,  according  to  the  service 
performed. 

SCHEDULE  OP  RATES  FOR  RAILROAD  MAIL 
SERVICE. 

Pay  per  A  nnum 

Average  Weight  of  Mails  per  Mile  of 

Whole  Distance  per  Day.  Route's  Length. 

Railroads  Land  Grant. 

200  pounds $34.20 

500 

1,000 

1,500 

2,000 

3,500 

5,000 

7,000 

9,000 
11,000 
13,000 
15,000 
17,000 
19,000 
21,000 
23,000 
25,000 
27,000 
29,000 
31,000 
33,000 
35,000 
37,000 


51.30 
68.40 
85.50 
102.60 
119.70 
136.80 
153.90 
171.00 
188.10 
205.20 
222.30 
239.40 
256.50 
273.60 
290.70 
307.80 
324.90 
342.00 
359.10 
376.20 
393.30 
410.40 

Railway  post-office  cars,  40  feet  (per 

daily  line) 25.00 

Railway  post-office  cars,  45  feet  (per 

daily  line) 30.00 

Railway  post-office  cars,  50  feet  (per 

daily  line) 40.00 

Railway  post-office  cars,  55-60  feet 

(perdaily  line) 50.00 


Pay  per  Annum 
ATerage  Weight  of  Mails  per  Mile  of 

Whole  Distance  per  Day.  Route's  Length. 

On  Railroads  not  Land  Grant. 

200  pounds $42.75 

500       "  64.12* 

1,000       "  85.50 

1,500       "  106.87* 

2,000       «  128.25 

3,500       "  149.62* 

5,000       «  171.00 

7,000       "  192.37* 

9,000       "  213.75 

11,000       "  235.12* 

13,000       "  256.50 

15,000       "  277.87* 

17,000       "  299.25 

19,000       "  320.62* 

21,000       "  342.00 

23,000       "  363.37* 

25,000       "  384.75 

27,000       "  406.12* 

29,000       "  427.50 

31,000       "  448.87* 

33,000       "  470.25 

35,000       "  491.62* 

37,000       "  513.00 

Railway  post-office  cars,  40  feet  (per 

daily  line) 25.00 

Railway  post-office  cars,  45  feet  (per 

daily  line) 30.00 

Railway  post-office  cars,  50  feet  (per 

daily  line) 40.00 

Railway  post-office  cars,  55-60  feet 

(per  daily  line) 50.00 


FOREIGN  MAIL   SERVICE. 

The  Postmaster-General  may,  after  ad- 
vertising for  proposals,  enter  into  con- 
tracts or  make  arrangements  for  trans- 
porting the  mail  through  foreign  countries, 
between  any  two  points  in  the  United 
States. 

He  may,  after  advertising  for  proposals, 
enter  into  contract  for  the  transportation 
of  the  mail  between  the  United  States 
and  any  foreign  country  5  which  con- 
tracts cannot  be  for  a  longer  period  than 
two  years. 

Foreign  mail  must  be  by  steamship, 
unless  the  service  can  be  facilitated  by 
carrying  it  in  sail-vessels. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  allow,  as 
compensation  for  carrying  the  mail  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  any  foreign 
port,  or  between  ports  of  the  United 
States  when  the  steamship  touches  at  a 
foreign  port,  a  sum  not  exceeding  the 
sea  and  United  States  inland  postage. 

He  may  impose  a  fine,  not  exceeding 
one-half  the  contract  price  of  the  trip,  for 
any  one  default,  on  any  contractor  trans- 
porting the  mail  between  the  United 
States  and  any  foreign  country,  for  any 
Unreasonable  or  unnecessary  delay  in  the 


256 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


departure  of  such  mail  or  the  perform- 
ance of  the  trip. 

He  may,  with  the  approval  of  the 
President,  allow  the  mails  of  Canada, 
or  other  country  adjoining  the  United 
States,  to  be  transported  over  the  terri- 
tory of  the  United  States  from  one  point 
in  such  country  to  any  other  point  in  the 
same,  at  the  expense  of  the  country  to 
which  the  mail  belongs,  upon  obtaining 
a  like  privilege  for  the  transportation  of 
the  United  States  mail  through  the  coun- 
try to  which  the  privilege  is  granted. 

He  is  authorized,  under  the  direction  of 
the  President,  to  charge  upon  and  collect 
from  all  letters  and  other  mailable  matter 
carried  to  or  from  any  port  of  the  United 
States,  in  any  foreign  packet  ship  or 
other  vessel,  the  same  rates  of  charge,  for 
American  postage,  which  the  Government 
to  which  the  vessel  belongs  imposes  upon 
like  matter  conveyed  to  or  from  such 
foreign  country  in  American  packets  or 
other  vessels  as  the  postage  of  such  Gov- 
ernmenf;  and  it  is  the  duty  of  all  cus- 
tom-house officers  and  other  proper  agents 
to  carry  the  same  into  effect,  and  they 
may  open  packages,  etc.,  on  suspicion  of 
fraud,  in  the  presence  of  two  or  more  re- 
spectable persons,  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  may  prevent  the  vessel  from 
entering,  breaking  bulk,  or  making  clear- 
ance until  such  letters  or  other  mailable 
matter  are  delivered  into  the  United 
States  Post-Office. 

SPECIAL,  LOCAL,  AND  ROUTE  AGENTS. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  employ 
two  Special  Agents  for  the  Pacific  Coast, 
and  such  number  of  other  Special  Agents 
as  the  good  of  the  service  and  safety  of 
the  mail  may  require.  Their  compensa- 
tion is  fixed  by  law  at  a  salary  of  §1600 
per  annum,  and  not  exceeding  $5  per 
diem  for  actual  and  necessary  travelling 
expenses  when  actually  engaged  in  trav- 
elling on  the  business  of  the  Department, 
except  not  exceeding  ten  in  number  ap- 
pointed to  perform  duty  at  important 
points  designated  by  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral, and  nine  Assistant  Superintendents 
of  Railway  Mail  Service,  who  may  be 
detailed  to  act  as  Superintendents  of 
Division  of  Railway  Mail  Service,  whose 
salary  is  $2500  a  year  each. 

He  may  employ  the  Assistant  Post- 
masters-General and  Superintendents  of 
his  Department  as  Special  Agents,  and 
while  so  employed  allow  them  their  neces- 
sary travelling  expenses. 

He  may  appoint  one  Agent  to  superin- 


tend the  Postal  Railway  Service,  at  a 
salary  of  $3500  a  year,  and  actual  ex- 
penses while  travelling  on  the  business 
of  the  Department. 

Special  Agents  are  intrusted  with  the 
keys  to  the  several  mail-locks  in  use,  and 
are  authorized  to  open  and  examine  the 
mails,  when  necessary.  They  are  em- 
powered to  enter  and  examine  any  post- 
office. 

Special  Agents  are  the  representatives 
of  the  Postmaster-General,  and  as  such 
all  postmasters,  contractors,  and  others 
in  the  service  are  subordinate  to  them. 

Payment  of  Special  Agents  is  made  as 
follows : 

The  salary  and  per  diem  expenses  of 
the  Agents  who  are  Assistant  Superin- 
tendents of  the  Postal  Railway  Service 
out  of  the  appropriation  for  mail  transpor- 
tation. The  salary  and  per  diem  of  the 
Agent  of  the  Free  Delivery  System  out  of 
the  appropriation  therefor  ;  and  those 
Agents  employed  in  the  Money-Order  Ser- 
vice are  paid  out  of  the  proceeds  of  that 
service. 

The  following  Special  Agents  are  em- 
ployed : 

SPECIAL  AGENTS. 
Attached  to  the  Office  of  the  Postmaster-General. 

8  at  $2500  per  annum,  each. 

7  at  $1600  per  annum,  each,  and  $5  per  diem 
for  travelling  expenses  and  subsistence. 

3  at  $1600  per  annum,  each,  and  $4  per  diem 
for  travelling  expenses  and  subsistence. 

17  at  $1500  per  annum,  each,  and  $4  per  diem 
for  travelling  expenses  and  subsistence. 

7  at  $1200  per  annum,  each,  and  $4  per  diem 
for  travelling  expenses  and  subsistence. 

1  at  $1400  per  annum,  and  $4  per  diem  for  trav- 
elling expenses  and  subsistence. 

1  at  $1400  per  annum,  and  $3  per  diem  for  trav- 
elling expenses  and  subsistence. 

1  at  $1400  per  annum. 

1  at  $100  per  annum. 

Assigned  to  Superintendent  of  Raihcay  Mail 

Service. 
General  Superintendent  at  $3500  per  annum. 

9  assistant  superintendents  at  $2500  per  an- 

num, each. 
1  assistant  superintendent  at  $1600  per  annum, 

and   $5  per  diem  for  travelling  expenses 

and  subsistence. 
1  assistant  superintendent  at  $1600  per  annum, 

and   $4  per  diem  for  travelling  expenses 

and  subsistence. 
1  assistant  superintendent  at  $1500  per  annum, 

and  $4  per  diem  for  travelling  expenses 

and  subsistence. 
1  assistant  superintendent  at  $1200  per  annum, 

and   $5  per  diem  for  travelling  expenses 

and  subsistence. 
1  assistant  superintendent  at  $1200  per  annum, 

and   $4  per  diem  for  travelling  expenses 

and  subsistence. 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 


257 


Assigned  to  Money-Order  Service. 

3  at  $1600  per  annum,  each,  and  $4  per  diein 
for  travelling  expenses  and  subsistence. 

1  at  $1500  per  annum,  and   $4  per  diem  for 

travelling  expenses  and  subsistence. 

2  at  $1400  per  annum,  each,  and  $4  per  diem 

for  travelling  expenses  and  subsistence. 
1  at  $2500  per  annum. 

1  at  $1200  per  annum. 

Assigned  to  Letter- Carriers. 

2  at  $1600  per  annum,  each,  and  $5  per  diem 

for  travelling  expenses  and  subsistence. 

Besides  the  above,  who  are  perma- 
nently employed,  Special  Agents  are 
sometimes  employed  temporarily. 

RESIDENT  FOREIGN  MAIL  AGENCIES. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  establish 
Resident  Mail  Agencies  at  the  ports  of 
Panama  and  Aspinwall,  New  Grenada ; 
Havana,  Cuba ;  St.  Thomas,  and  at  such 
other  foreign  ports  at  which  United  States 
mail-steamers  touch  to  land  and  receive 
mails  as  in  his  judgment  may  promote 
the  efficiency  of  the  Foreign  Mail  Service, 
and  may  pay  the  agents  so  employed,  out 
of  the  appropriation  for  transportation 
of  the  mail,  a  reasonable  compensation, 
and  necessary  expenses  for  office-rent, 
clerk-hire,  office  furniture,  and  other  in- 
cidentals. 

The  following  Agents  are  so  employed  : 

One  at  Aspinwall,  who  is  United  States 
Consul,  and  is  allowed  $235  per  quarter 
for  office  expenses. 

One  at  Panama,  New  Grenada,  who  is 
also  United  States  Consul,  and  is  allowed 
$350  per  quarter  for  office  expenses. 

ROUTE  AGENTS. 

He  may  employ  as  many  Route  Agents 
as  may  be  necessary  for  the  prompt  and 
safe  transportation  of  the  mail,  at  a  com- 
pensation not  less  than  $900  nor  more 
than  $1200  a  year,  each,  to  be  paid  out  of 
the  appropriation  for  transportation  of  the 
mail. 


72  route  agents,  each, 


49 
85 
26 
894 


Per  Annum. 

$1000 

980 

960 

940 

920 

.     900 


RAILWAY  POSTAL  CLERKS. 


The  Postmaster-General  may  appoint 
clerks  for  the  purpose  of  assorting  and 
distributing  the  mail  in  railway  post-offi- 


ces, at  a  salary  of  not  more  than  $1400  a 
year  each  to  the  head  clerks,  nor  more 
than  $1200  a  year  each  to  the  other 
clerks,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  appropriation 
for  transportation  of  the  mail. 

Per  Annum. 

41  head  clerks,  each $1400 

356  clerks,  each 1300 

443       "          "   1150 

178       "          "    1000 

69         "          "    900 

1  clerk : 840 

2  clerks,  each 600 

1  clerk 500 

LOCAL  MAIL  AGENTS. 

Per  Annum. 
1 $1800 

4,  each 1400 

1 1300 

9,  each 1200 

1 1100 

1 1080 

23,  each 1000 

3,   "  960 

23,  "  900 

21,  "  800 

1 750 

7,  each 720 

3,  "  700 

1 680 

15,  each 600 

5,  " 500 

2,   "  360 

4,  "  300 

1 250 

2,  each 240 

2,  "  150 

2,  " 100 

1...                   4 


MAIL  ROUTE  MESSENGERS. 


8,  each.. 


1 

39,  each. 


Per  Annum. 

$880 

860 

850 

840 

820 

, 800 

750 

720 

..  700 


6,   "  650 

6,   »  640 

61  «     600 

1 550 

8,  each 500 

3,  «  450 

5   «      400 

l'. 360 

2,  each 300 

1 240 

6,  each 120 

1 60 

11,  each 12 

2   "     4 

5   «               1 


17 


258 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


The  Postmaster-General  may  empower 
any  Special  Agent  or  other  officer  of  the 
post-office  establishment  to  make  searches 
for  mailable  matter  transported  in  viola- 
tion of  law  ;  and  the  agent  or  officer  so 
authorized  may  open  and  search  any  car 
or  vehicle  passing,  or  having  lately  be- 
fore passed,  from  any  place  at  which 
there  is  a  post-office  of  the  United  States 
to  any  other  such  place,  or  any  box.  pack- 
age, or  packet  being,  or  having  lately 
before  been,  in  such  car  or  vehicle,  or 
any  store  or  house,  other  than  a  dwelling- 
house,  used  or  occupied  by  any  common 
carrier  or  transportation  company,  in 
•which  such  box,  package,  or  packet 
may  be  contained,  whenever  such  agent 
or  officer  has  reason  to  believe  that  mail- 
able  matter,  transported  contrary  to  law, 
may  therein  be  found. 


MONEY-ORDER  SYSTEM. 

To  promote  public  convenience,  and  to 
insure  greater  security  in  the  transfer  of 
money  through  the  mail,  the  Postmaster- 
General  may  establish  and  maintain  a 
uniform  money-order  system  at  all  suit- 
able post-offices. 

The  postmaster  of  every  city  where 
branch  post-offices  or  stations  are  estab- 
lished and  in  operation,  subject  to  his 
supervision,  is  authorized,  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  Postmaster-General,  to 
issue,  or  cause  to  be  issued  by  any  of  his 
assistants  or  clerks  in  charge  of  branch 
post-offices  or  stations,  postal  money- 
orders,  payable  at  his  own  or  at  any  other 
money-order  office,  as  the  remitters 
thereof  may  direct ;  and  the  postmaster 
and  his  sureties  shall,  in  every  case,  be 
held  accountable  upon  his  official  bond 
for  all  moneys  which  may  come  into  his 
or  their  hands,  or  be  placed  in  his  or 
their  custody  by  reason  of  the  transac- 
tion by  them  of  money-order  business. 

In  case  of  sickness,  or  unavoidable 
absence  from  his  office,  of  the  postmaster 
of  any  money-order  office,  he  may,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Postmaster-General, 
authorize  the  chief  clerk,  or  some  other 
clerk  of  his  office,  to  act  in  his  place,  and 
to  discharge  all  the  duties  required  by 
law  of  such  postmaster.  The  postmaster 
is  responsible  on  his  bond  for  the  acts  of 
the  person  so  acting. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  cause  a 
new  money-order  to  be  issued  in  lieu  of 
one  not  presented  for  payment  within  a 
year,  on  application  made  by  the  remitter 
or  payee. 


He  may,  upon  satisfactory  evidence 
that  any  person  is  engaged  in  conducting 
any  fraudulent  lottery,  gift  enterprise,  or 
scheme  for  the  distribution  of  money,  or 
of  any  real  or  personal  property,  by  lot, 
chance,  or  drawing  of  any  kind,  or  in 
conducting  any  scheme  or  device  for  ob- 
taining money  through  the  mails  by 
means  of  false  or  fraudulent  pretenses, 
representations,  or  promises,  forbid  the 
payment  by  any  postmaster  to  any  such 
person  of  any  postal  money-order  drawn 
to  his  order  or  in  his  favor  ;  and  may 
provide  by  regulations  for  the  return  to 
the  remitter  of  the  sums  named  in  such 
money-orders. 

The  Postmaster-General  may  pay  out 
of  the  proceeds  of  the  money-order  busi- 
ness the  cost  of  stationery  and  such  inci- 
dental expenses  as  are  necessary  for  the 
transaction  of  that  business. 

He  may  conclude  arrangements  with 
the  post  departments  of  foreign  Govern- 
ments, with  which  postal  conventions  are 
concluded,  for  the  exchange,  by  means  of 
postal  orders,  of  small  sums  of  money, 
not  exceeding  $50  in  amount,  at  such 
rates  of  exchange,  and  compensation  to 
postmasters,  and  under  such  rules  and 
regulations,  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 


MISCELLANEOUS   POST-OFFICE   BUSI- 
NESS. 

Whenever  the  Postmaster-General  is 
satisfied  that  money  and  property  stolen 
from  the  mail,  or  the  proceeds  thereof, 
have  been  received  at  the  Department,  he 
may,  upon  satisfactory  evidence  as  to  the 
owner,  deliver  the  same  to  him. 

He  may  dispose  of  any  quarterly  re- 
turns of  mails  sent  or  received,  preserving 
the  accounts  current  and  all  accompany- 
ing vouchers,  and  use  such  portion  of  the 
proceeds  as  may  be  necessary  to  defray 
the  cost  of  separating  and  disposing  of 
them,  but  the  accounts  must  be  preserved 
entire  for  at  least  two  years. 

The  Postmaster-General  must  transmit 
a  copy  of  every  postal  convention  to  the 
Secretary  of  State  for  the  purpose  of  being 
printed,  and  the  printed  copy  thereof 
must  be  revised  by  the  Post-Office  De- 
partment instead  of  by  the  Secretary  of 
State. 

He  has  power  to  fix  annually  the  rates 
for  telegraphing  on  Government  business 
over  the  lines  of  any  telegraph  company 
to  which  has  been  given  the  right  of  way, 
timber,  or  station-lands  from  the  Govern- 
ment domain. 


POST-  OFFICE  DEPA  R  THE  NT. 


259 


ASSISTANT  POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 
CONTRACTS  SIGNED  BY  THE  FIRST  ASSISTANT. 

The  bonds  of  all  postmasters  may,  by 
the  direction  of  the  Postmaster-General, 
be  approved  and  accepted,  and  the  ap- 
proval and  acceptance  signed  by  the  First 
Assistant  Postmaster  General  in  the  name 
of  the  Postmaster-General ;  and  ajl  con- 
tracts for  stationery,  wrapping-paper, 
letter-balances,  scales,  and  street  letter- 
boxes for  the  use  of  the  postal  service, 
may  be  signed  in  like  manner  by  the 
First  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  in 
the  place  and  stead  of  the  Postmaster- 
General,  and  his  signature  shall  be 
attested  by  .the  seal  of  the  Post-Office 
Department. 

CONTRACTS  SIGNED  BY  THE  SECOND  ASSISTANT. 

The  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral, on  the  order  of  the  Postmaster- 
General,  may  sign  with  his  name,  in  the 
place  and  stead  of  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral, and  attest  his  signature  by  the  seal 
of  the  Post-Office  Department,  all  con- 
tracts made  in  the  said  Department  for 
mail  transportation,  and  for  supplies  of 
mail-bags,  mail-catchers,  mail-locks  and 
keys,  and  all  other  articles  necessary  and 
incidental  to  mail  transportation. 

CONTRACTS  SIGNED  BY  THE   THIRD  ASSISTANT. 

The  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral, when  directed  by  the  Postmaster- 
General,  may  also  sign,  in  his  name,  in 
the  place  and  stead  of  the  Postmaster- 
General,  and  attest  his  signature  by  the 
seal  of  the  Post-Office  Department,  all 
contracts  for  supplies  of  postage-stamps, 
stamped  envelopes,  newspaper-wrappers, 
postal  cards,  registered-package  envel- 
opes, locks,  seals,  and  official  envelopes 
for  the  use  of  postmasters,  and  return  of 
dead  letters,  that  may  be  required  for  the 
postal  service. 


DISTRIBUTION   OP  THE   BUSINESS   OF 
THE  DEPARTMENT. 

THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

The  duties  of  this  office  are  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  the  chief  clerk 
of  the  Department,  and  relate  to  the  mis- 
cellaneous correspondence  of  the  Depart- 
ment not  specially  connected  with  its 
other  offices  ;  the  appointment  of  Depart- 
ment employes ;  the  recording  of  orders 
promulgated  by  the  Postmaster-General ; 
the  fixing  of  rates  for  the  transmission 
of  Government  telegrams ;  the  supervis- 


ion of  the  advertising,  and  management 
of  the  general  work  of  the  Department 
not  otherwise  assigned.  To  it  is  attached 
the  office  of  the  Topographer,  charged 
with  the  duty  of  keeping  up  the  maps  in 
constant  use  in  the  Department  proper, 
with  the  preparation  and  publication  of 
new  and  revised  post-route  maps,  with 
supplying  maps  to  all  branches  of  the 
postal  service,*  and  with  furnishing  in- 
formation for  the  settlement  of  all  gov- 
ernmental mileage  and  telegraph  ac- 
counts ;  the  office  of  the  Superintendent 
and  Disbursing  Clerk,  to  which  is  as- 
signed the  supervision  of  all  repairs,  the 
care  of  the  public  property  in,  and  the 
furnishing  of  the  Departmental  building, 
and  the  disbursement  of  the  salaries  of 
the  officers  and  employes  of  the  Depart- 
ment; the  office  of  the  Chief  Special 
Agent,  to  which  are  referred  all  cases  of 
losses  or  irregularities  in  the  mails,  and 
all  reported  violations  of  the  postal  law ; 
and  the  Division  of  Special  Agents  and 
Mail  Depredations,  to  which  are  referred 
all  accounts  of  Special  Agents  for  salary, 
per  diem,  and  allowance. 

THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  FIRST  ASSISTANT  POST- 
MASTER-GEN ER  AL. 

To  this  office  is  assigned  the  duty  of 
preparing  all  cases  for  the  establishment, 
discontinuance,  and  change  of  name  or 
site  of  post-offices,  and  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  all  postmasters,  and  employes 
of  the  Railway  Mail  Service,  and  all  cor- 
respondence incident  thereto ;  the  duty 
of  readjusting  the  salaries  of  postmas- 
ters, and  the  consideration  of  allowances 
for  rent,  fuel,  and  lights,  clerk-hire,  and 
miscellaneous  expenditures;  of  receiving 
and  recording  appointments,  of  receiving, 
entering,  and  filing  bonds  and  oaths  of 
postmasters  and  issuing  their  commis- 
sions. This  office  is  also  charged  with 
the  correspondence  with  postmasters  and 
the  public  upon  questions  relating  to  the 
character  and  classification  of  mail-mat- 
ter, and  the  rates  of  postage  thereon, 
under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  Law 
Clerk  of  the  Department.  To  it  is 


*  The  Postmaster-General  may  authorize  the  sale 
of  one  or  more  of  these  maps  to  individuals  at  the 
cost  thereof;  the  proceeds  to  be  applied  as  a  further 
appropriation  towards  the  preparation  and  publica- 
tion of  post -route  maps  (including  the  miscellaneous 
expenses  of  the  Topographer's  office).  It  is  impliedly 
understood  that  sales  can  only  be  made  from  surplus 
copies,  after  the  immediate  wants  of  the  Department 
are  supplied;  postmasters  and  others  in  the  service 
being  furnished  with  these  maps  only  in  ca*es  deemed 
needful  by  the  Department.  For  tariff  of  prices  and 
other  infurination,  application  should  be  made  to  the 
Topographer  of  the  Post-Office  Department. 


260 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


attached  the  Division  of  Free  Delivery, 
having  in  charge  the  preparation  of  cases 
for  the  inauguration  of  the  system  in 
cities,  the  appointment  of  letter-carriers, 
and  the  regulation  of  allowances  for  inci- 
dental expenses,  as  well  as  the  general 
supervision  of  the  free-delivery  system 
throughout  the  United  States ;  and  also 
the  Blank  Agency,  to  which  is  assigned 
the  duty  of  supplying  the  post-offices 
entitled  thereto  with  blanks,  wrapping- 
paper,  and  twine,  letter-balances,  and 
cancelling-stamps,  and  the  Department 
with  stationery. 

THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  SECOND  ASSISTANT  POST- 
MASTER-GENERAL. 

To  this  office  is  assigned  the  business 
of  arranging  the  mail  service  of  the 
United  States,  and  placing  the  same  un- 
der contract,  embracing  all  correspond- 
ence and  proceedings  respecting  the  fre- 
quency of  trips,  mode  of  conveyance, 
and  times  of  departures  and  arrivals  on 
all  the  routes;  the  course  of  the  mails 
between  the  different  sections  of  the 
country,  the  points  of  mail  distribution, 
and  the  regulations  for  the  government 
of  the  domestic  mail  service  of  the  United 
States.  It  prepares  the  advertisements 
for  mail  proposals,  receives  the  bids,  and 
has  charge  of  the  annual  and  miscella- 
neous mail  lettings,  and  the  adjustment 
and  execution  of  the  contracts.  All  ap- 
plications for  mail  service  or  change  of 
mail  arrangements,  and  for  mail  messen- 
gers, should  be  sent  to  this  office.  All 
claims  should  be  submitted  to  it  for 
transportation  service.  From  this  office 
all  postmasters  at  the  end  of  routes  re- 
ceive the  statement  of  mail  arrangements 
prescribed  for  the  respective  routes.  It 
reports  weekly  to  the  Auditor  all  con- 
tracts executed,  and  all  orders  affecting 
the  accounts  for  mail  transportation ; 
prepares  the  statistical  exhibits  of  the 
mail  service,  and  the  reports  to  Congress 
of  the  mail  lettings,  giving  a  statement 
of  each  bid ;  also,  of  the  contracts  made, 
the  new  service  originated,  the  curtail- 
ments ordered,  and  the  additional  allow- 
ances granted  within  the  year.  The 
rates  of  pay  for  the  transportation  of  the 
mails  on  railroad  routes,  according  to  the 
amount  and  character  of  the  service,  are 
adjusted  by  this  office.  It  also  directs 
the  weighing  of  the  mails  on  the  same, 
and  authorizes  new  service  on  railroad 
routes.  The  issuing  of  mail-locks  and 
keys,  mail-pouches  and  sacks,  and  the 
supervision  of  the  construction  of  mail- 


bag-catchers,  is  also  in  charge  of  this 
office.  To  it  is  attached  the  Division  of 
Inspection,  to  which  is  assigned  the  duty 
of  receiving  and  inspecting  the  month,ly 
registers  of  arrivals  and  departures,  re- 
porting the  performance  of  mail  service ; 
also  special  reports  of  failures  or  delin- 
quencies on  the  part  of  mail  contractors  or 
their  agents,  and  of  noting  such  failures 
or  delinquencies,  and  preparing  cases  of 
fines  or  deductions  by  reason  thereof; 
of  conducting  the  correspondence  grow- 
ing out  of  reports  of  fai lures  or  delin- 
quencies in  the  transportation  of  the 
mails;  of  reporting  to  tire  Auditor  of 
the  Treasury  for  the  Post-Office  Depart- 
ment, at  the  close  of  each  quarter,  by 
certificate  of  inspection,  the  fact  of  per- 
formance or  non-performance  of  contract 
or  recognized  mail  service,  noting  therein 
such  fine  or  deduction  as  may  have  been 
ordered  ;  of  authorizing  the  payment  of  all 
employes  of  the  Railway  Mail  Service ; 
also  the  payment  of  such  acting  employes 
as  may  be  employed  by  this  office  through 
the  Superintendent  of  Railway  Mail  Ser- 
vice in  cases  of  emergency,  and  of  autho- 
rizing the  Auditor  to  credit  postmasters 
with  sums  paid  by  them  for  such  tempo- 
rary service ;  and  such  other  duties  as 
may  be  necessary  to  secure  a  faithful 
performance  of  the  mail  service.  All 
complaints  against  mail  contractors  or 
their  agents,  relating  to  failures  or  other 
irregularities  in  the  transportation  of  the 
mails,  whether  made  by  postmasters  or 
others,  should  be  promptly  forwarded  to 
the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 
marked  "  Division  of  Inspection." 

THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  THIRD  ASSISTANT  POST- 
MASTER-GENERAL. 

This  office  is  charged  with  the  duty  of 
issuing  drafts  and  warrants  in  payment 
of  balances  reported  by  the  Auditor  to 
be  due  to  mail  contractors  or  other  per- 
sons ;  the  superintendence  of  the  collec- 
tion of  revenue  at  depository,  draft,  and 
depositing  post-offices,  and  the  accounts 
between  the  Department  and  Treasurer 
and  Assistant  Treasurers  and  specially 
designated  depositories  of  the  United 
States.  It  receives  all  accounts,  monthly 
or  quarterly,  of  the  depository  or  draft 
post-offices,  and  certificates  of  deposit 
from  depositing  post-offices.  This  office 
is  also  charged  with  the  duty  of  preparing 
instructions  for  the  guidance  of  post- 
masters respecting  registered  matter,  and 
all  correspondence  connected  with  the 
Registry  System  of  the  United  States. 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 


261 


To  it  is  attached  the  Division  of  Postage- 
Stamps,  and  Stamped  Envelopes,  and 
Postal  Cards,  having  charge  of  the  is- 
suing of  postage-stamps,  stamped  envel- 
opes, newspaper-wrappers,  and  postal 
cards,  and  the  supplying  of  postmasters 
with  envelopes  for  their  official  use,  and 
registered-package  envelopes  and  seals; 
the  Division  of  Dead  Letter  (so  desig- 
nated in  the  law,  but  more  properly  called 
The  Return  Letter  Office),  having  as- 
signed to  it  the  examination  and  return 
to  the  writers  of  undelivered  mail-matter, 
and  all  correspondence  relating  thereto. 
The  agencies  having  tire  supervision  of 
the  manufacture  of  postage-stamps, 
stamped  envelopes,  and  postal  cards,  are 
also  under  the  direction  of  this  office. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  THE  MONEY- 
ORDEB  SYSTEM. 

The  general  supervision  and  control  of 
the  postal  money-order  system  throughout 
the  United  States,  and  the  superintend- 
ence of  the  international  money-order 
correspondence  with  foreign  countries  is 
exercised  by  this  office. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  .THE 
FOREIGN  MAILS. 

To  this  office  are  assigned  all  foreign 
postal  arrangements,  and  correspondence 
connected  with  the  foreign  mail  service, 
and  the  supervision  of  the  ocean  mail- 
steamship  service. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  THE 
RAILWAY  MAIL  SERVICE. 

To  this  office  are  intrusted  the  distribu- 
tion and  despatch  of  mails  on  all  railroads 
and  inland  steamboat  mail  lines,  the 
management  of  the  postal-car  service, 
and  the  general  direction  of  the  mail 
service  on  railroads  and  inland  steam- 
boats after  that  service  has  been  con- 
tracted for  or  recognized  under  the  law 
by  the  Postmaster-General,  and  the  gen- 
eral direction  of  the  distribution  and 
despatch  of  mails  from  all  post-offices. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  ASSISTANT  ATTORNEY-GENERAL 
FOR  THE  POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

To  this  office  are  referred,  when  deemed 
advisable  by  the  Postmaster-General  and 
the  heads  of  the  several  offices  of  the 
Department,  questions  concerning  the 
construction  of  the  laws  and  regulations 
which  may  arise  in  the  administration  of 
the  business  of  the  Department. 


FORCE    OF   POSTMASTER-GENERAL'S 
OFFICE. 

Per  Annum. 
Chief  clerk  to  the  Postmaster-General.... $2200 

Appointment  clerk 1800 

1  stenographer 1800 

1  law  clerk 2250 

3  clerks,  each 1200 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  topographer 2500 

Temporary  employes,  $14,000. 

FORCE   OF   THE  OFFICE  OF  FIRST  AS- 
SISTANT   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Per  Annum. 
Chief  clerk $2000 

3  clerks,  each 1800 

12  u  "    1600 

7  "          "    1400 

12  "  "    1200 

4  "  " 1000 

3  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

1  superintendent  blank  agency 1800 

1  assistant  superintendent  blank  agency.  1600 

4  assistants    to    superintendent     blank 
agency,  each 1200 

2  assistants    to    superintendent     blank 
agency,  each 900 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

2  laborers,  each 660 

1  superintendent  free  delivery 2100 

1  clerk '. 1000 

FORCE  OF  THE  OFFICE  OF  SECOND  AS- 
SISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $2000 

Chief  of  division  of  inspection 2000 

Superintendent  of  railway  adjustment...  2000 

8  clerks,  each 1800 

28     "          "     1600 

14     "          "    1400 

13  "          "     1200 

5  "          "     1000 

2  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

FORCE  OF  THE  OFFICE  OF  THIRD  AS- 
SISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Per  Annum. 

Chief  clerk $2000 

Chief  of  division  of  dead  letters 2250 

Chief  of  division  of  postage-stamps 2250 

6  clerks,  each 1800 

16     "         "    1600 

25     "         "    1400 

H4     "         "    1200 

6  "         "    1000 

57  female  clerks,  each 900 

3  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

7  laborers,  each 660 

4  female  laborers,  each 480 

Superintendent  of  foreign  mails $3000 

Chief  clerk 2000 

1  clerk 1800 

3  clerks,  each 1600 

1  clerk 1400 

2  clerks,  each : 1000 

1  assistant  messenger 720 


262 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Per  Annum. 

Superintendent  money-order  system $3000 

Chief  clerk 2000 

4  clerks,  each 1800 

7     «          «    1600 

5  «  «    1400 

9     «  «    1200 

1  clerk 1000 

5  clerks,  each 900 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

3  laborers,  each 660 

Chief  of  division  of  mail  depredations. ..$2250 

1  clerk 1600 

1     «      1400 

3  clerks,  each 1200 

1  clerk 1000 

Disbursing  clerk  and  superintendent  of 

building $2100 

clerk  (accountant) 1400 

"      (storekeeper) 1 

engineer 1400 

assistant  engineer 1000 

fireman  and  blacksmith 900 

1         "          "     steam-fitter 900 

1  fireman 720 

1  carpenter 1200 

1  assistant  carpenter 1000 

1  captain  of  watch 1000 

16  watchmen,  each 720 

26  laborers,  each 660 


KATES  OF  POSTAGE  ON  DOMESTIC 
MAIL-MATTER. 

FIRST-CLASS  MATTER. 

Matter  which  is  in  writing,  or  other 
matter  containing  a  written  inscription 
in  the  nature  of  personal  correspondence, 
and  matter  which  is  sealed  against  in- 
spection, are  alone  by  their  nature  and 
the  intent  of  the  law  first-class  matter, 
and  subject  to  the  postage  rate  of  three 
cents  for  each  half  ounce  or  fraction 
thereof. 

On  local  or  drop  letters,  at  offices  where 
free  delivery  by  carriers  is  established, 
two  cents  for  each  half  ounce  or  fraction 
thereof. 

On  local  or  drop  letters,  at  offices  where 
free  delivery  by  carriers  is  not  established, 
one  cent  for  each  half  ounce  or  fraction 
thereof. 

SECOND-CLASS  MATTER. 

Mailable  matter  of  the  second  class 
embraces  all  newspapers  and  other  peri- 
odical publications  which  are  issued  at 
stated  intervals,  and  as  frequently  as  four 
times  a  year.  It  must  bear  a  date  of 
issue,  and  be  numbered  consecutively. 

It  must  be  issued  from  a  known  office 
of  publication. 

It  must  be  formed  of  printed  paper 


sheets,  without  board,  cloth,  leather,  or 
other  substantial  binding. 

It  must  be  originated  and  published 
'or  the  dissemination  of  information  of  a 
public  character,  or  devoted  to  literature, 
;he  sciences,  arts,  or  some  special  indus- 
;ry,  and  having  a  legitimate  list  of  sub- 
scribers, and  not  designed  primarily  for 
advertising  purposes,  or  for  free  circu- 
ation,  or  for  circulation  at  nominal 
rates. 

Publications  of  the  second  class,  except 
as  provided  in  the  next  paragraph,  when 
sent  by  the  publisher  thereof,  and  from 
he  office  of  publication,  including  sample 
;opies,  or  when  sent  from  a  news  agency 
to  actual  subscribers  thereto,  or  to  other 
neAvs  agents,  shall  be  entitled  to  trans- 
mission through  the  mails  at  two  cents  a 
pound  or  fraction  thereof,  such  postage  to 
be  prepaid,  as  now  provided  by  law. 

Publications  of  the  second  class,  one 
copy  to  each  actual  subscriber  residing 
in  the  county  where  the  same  are  printed, 
in  whole  or  in  part,  and  published,  shall 
go  free  through  the  mails  ;  but  the  same 
shall  not  be  delivered  at  letter-carrier 
offices,  or  distributed  by  carriers,  unless 
postage  is  paid  thereon  at  the  rate  pre- 
scribed in  the  preceding  paragraph:  Pro- 
vided, that  the  rate  of  postage  on  news- 
papers (excepting  weeklies)  and  period- 
icals not  exceeding  two  ounces  in  weight, 
when  the  same  are  deposited  in  a  letter- 
carrier  office  for  delivery  by  its  carriers, 
shall  be  uniform  at  one  cent  each  ;  peri- 
odicals weighing  more  than  two  ounces 
shall  be  subject,  when  delivered  by  such 
carriers,  to  a  postage  of  two  cents  each, 
and  these  rates  shall  be  prepaid  by 
stamps  affixed. 

Periodical  publications,  on  their  receipt 
at  the  office  of  mailing,  shall  be  weighed 
in  bulk,  and  postage  paid  thereon  by  a 
special  adhesive  stamp,  which  shall  be 
affixed  to  such  matter,  or  to  the  sack  con- 
taining the  same  or  upon  a  memorandum 
of  such  mailing. 

Mailable  matter  of  the  second  class, 
deposited  in  a  letter-carrier  post-office  for 
local  delivery,  shall  be  delivered  through 
boxes,  or  the  general  delivery,  on  pre- 
payment of  postage  at  the  rate  of  two 
cents  per  pound  ;  but  when  delivered  by 
carriers  the  following  rates  must  be  pre- 
paid by  postage-stamps  affixed: 

On  newspapers  (except  weeklies),  one 
cent  each,  without  regard  to  weight. 

On  periodicals  not  exceeding  two 
ounces  in  weight,  one  cent  each. 

On  periodicals  exceeding  two  ounces 
in  weight,  two  cents  each. 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 


263 


The  rate  on  weekly  newspapers  of  the 
second  class,  deposited  by  the  publisher 
in  a  letter-carrier  post-office  for  local  de- 
livery, is  two  cents  per  pound,  whether 
the  same  are  delivered  by  carriers,  or 
through  boxes,  or  the  general  delivery. 

Mailable  matter  of  the  second  class 
shall  contain  no  writing,  print,  mark,  or 
sign  thereon  or  therein,  in  addition  to 
the  original  print,  except  the  name  and 
address  of  the  person  to  whom  the  mat- 
ter shall  be  sent,  and  index  figures  of 
subscription  book,  either  written  or 
printed,  the  printed  title  of  the  publica- 
tion, the  printed  name  and  address  of  the 
publisher  or  sender  of  the  same,  and 
written  or  printed  words  or  figures,  or 
both,  indicating  the  date  on  which  the 
subscription  to  such  matter  will  end. 

THIRD-CLASS  MATTER. 

Mail-matter  of  the  third  class  embraces 
books  (printed  and  blank),  transient 
newspapers  and  periodicals,  circulars,  and 
other  matter  wholly  in  print,  proof-sheets 
and  corrected  proof-sheets,  and  manu- 
script copy  accompanying  the  same, 
prices  current,  with  prices  filled  out  in 
writing,  printed  commercial  papers  filled 
out  in  writing  (provided  such  writing  is 
not  in  the  nature  of  personal  correspond- 
ence), such  as  papers  of  legal  procedure, 
deeds  of  all  kinds,  way-bills,  bills  of 
lading,  invoices,  insurance  policies,  and 
the  various  documents  of  insurance  com- 
panies, hand-bills,  posters,  chromo-litho- 
graphs,  engravings,  envelopes  with  print- 
ing thereon,  heliotypes,  lithographs,  pho- 
tographic and  stereoscopic  views  with 
title  written  thereon,  printed  blanks, 
printed  cards  \  and  postage  shall  be  paid 
thereon  at  the  rate  of  one  cent  for  each 
two  ounces  or  fractional  part  thereof. 

Upon  matter  of  the  third  class,  or  upon 
the  wrapper  enclosing  the  same,  the 
sender  may  write  his  own  name  or  ad- 
dress thereon,  with  the  word  "  from1' 
above  and  preceding  the  same,  and  in 
either  case  may  make  simple  marks  in- 
tended to  designate  a  word  or  passage  of 
the  text  to  which  it  is  desired  to  call 
attention.  There  may  be  placed  upon 
the  cover  or  blank  leaves  of  any  book, 
or  of  any  printed  matter  of  the  third 
class,  a  simple  manuscript  dedication  or 
inscription  that  does  not  partake  of  the 
nature  of  a  personal  correspondence. 

All  packages  of  matter  of  the  third 
class  must  be  so  wrapped,  with  open  sides 
or  ends,  that  their  contents  may  be  read- 
ily examined  by  postmasters. 


Third-class  matter  may  be  registered. 

The  limit  of  weight  of  packages  is  four 
pounds,  except  in  cases  of  single  volumes 
of  books  in  excess  of  said  weight,  and 
books  and  documents  published  or  circu- 
lated by  order  of  Congress,  or  official 
matter  emanating  from  any  of  the  De- 
partments of  the  Government,  or  from  the 
Smithsonian  Institution. 

FOURTH-CLASS  MATTER. 

Mailable  matter  of  the  fourth  class  em- 
braces blank  cards,  card-board,  and  other 
flexible  material,  flexible  patterns,  letter 
envelopes  and  letter-paper,  without  print- 
ing thereon,  merchandise,  models,  orna- 
mented paper,  sample  cards,  samples  of 
ores,  metals,  minerals,  seeds,  cuttings, 
bulbs,  roots,  scions,  drawings,  plans, 
designs,  original  paintings  in  oil  or 
water-colors,  and  any  other  matter  not 
included  in  the  first,  second,  or  third 
classes,  and  which  is  not  in  its  form  or 
nature  liable  to  destroy,  deface,  or  other- 
wise damage  the  contents  of  the  mail-bag, 
or  harm  the  person  of  any  one  engaged 
in  the  postal  service.  Postage  rate 
thereon,  one  cent  for  each  ounce  or  frac- 
tional part  thereof. 

Other  articles  of  the  fourth  class  which j 
unless  properly  secured,  might  destroy, 
deface,  or  otherwise  damage  the  contents 
of  the  mail-bag,  or  harm  the  person  of 
any  one  engaged  in  the  postal  service, 
may  be  transmitted  in  the  mails  when 
they  conform  to  the  following  conditions  : 
1st.  They  must  be  placed  in  a  bag,  box, 
or  removable  envelope  made  of  paper, 
cloth,  or  parchment.  2d.  Such  bag,  box, 
or  envelope  must  again  be  placed  in  a 
box  or  tube  made  of  metal  or  some  hard 
wood,  with  sliding,  clasp,  or  screw  lid. 
3d.  In  case  of  articles  liable  to  break,  the 
inside  box,  bag,  or  envelope  must  be  sur- 
rounded by  sawdust,  cotton,  or  spongy 
substance.  4th.  In  case  of  sharp-pointed 
instruments,  the  points  must  be  capped 
or  encased,  so  that  they  may  not  by  any 
means  be  liable  to  cut  through  their  en- 
closure ;  and  where  they  have  blades, 
such  blades  must  be  bound  with  wire,  so 
that  they  shall  remain  firmly  attached  to 
each  other.  5th.  The  whole  must  be 
capable  of  easy  inspection.  Seeds,  or 
other  articles  not  prohibited,  which  are 
liable  from  their  form  or  nature  to  loss 
or  damage,  unless  specially  protected, 
may  be  put  up  in  sealed  envelopes,  pro- 
vided such  envelopes  are  made  of  material 
sufficiently  transparent  to  show  the  con- 
tents clearly,  without  opening. 


264 


EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


Upon  any  package  of  matter  of  the 
fourth  class  the  sender  may  write  or  print 
his  own  name  and  address,  preceded  by 
the  word  "  from,"  and  there  may  also  be 
written  or  printed  the  number  and  names 
of  the  articles  enclosed  ;  and  the  sender 
thereof  may  write  or  print  upon,  or  attach 
to  any  such  articles,  by  tag  or  label,  a 
mark,  number,  name,  or  letter,-  for  pur- 
pose of  identification. 

The  limit  of  weight  of  packages  is  four 
pounds. 

UNMAILABLE. 

Liquids,  poisons,  explosive  and  inflam- 
mable articles,  fatty  substances  easily 
liquefiable,  live  or  dead  animals  (not 
stuffed),  insects,  and  reptiles,  fruits  or 
vegetable  matter,  confectionery,  pastes,  or 
confections,  and  substances  exhaling  a 
bad  odor ;  and  every  letter  upon  the 
envelope  of  which,  or  postal  card  upon 
which,  indecent,  lewd,  obscene,  or  las- 
civious delineations,  epithets,  terms,  or 
language  may  be  written  or  printed,  and 
all  matter  concerning  lotteries,  so-called 
gift  concerts,  or  other  similar  enterprises 
offering  prizes,  or  concerning  schemes 
devised  and  intended  to  defraud  the  pub- 
lic, or  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  money 
under  false  pretenses. 


POSTAGE  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

The  following  table  shows  the  rates  of 
postage  chargeable  on  letters  and  news- 
papers to  the  foreign  countries  and  places 
named  in  alphabetical  order  : 


LETTERS. 


Argentine  Confederation 

Aspinwall,  direct  mail 

Australia,  via  San  Francisco 

"          British  mail,  via  Brindisi... 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bermuda,  from  New  York 

Bolivia,  British  mail,  via  Aspin wall- 
Brazil 

Canada 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  British  mail 

Chili,  British  mail,t?ia  Aspinwall 

China,  via  San  Francisco 

Denmark 

Ecuador,  via  Aspinwall  and  Panama- 
France  

Germany 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Holland 

Italy 


Cts. 
6 

*5 
19 

5 
5 
5 


Cts. 
5 
5 
5 

*19 
5 
5 
5 

17 
5 

*3 

1 
5 


iO  J 

LETTERS. 

H 

If 

A  si 

II 

£w 

k° 

Cts 

Cts 

Ota. 

5 

5 

2 

Liberia,  British  mail,  via  Southampton. 

5 

5 

2 

Mexico,  via  New  York  or  New  Orleans, 

5 

5 

2 

5 

5 

2 

5 

5 

2 

Peru,  British  mail,  via  Aspinwall  

6 

5 

2 

Portugal  :  

5 

5 

2 

Russia            

5 

5 

2 

5 

5 

2 

Turkey,  European  and  Asiatic  
Venezuela,      British      mail,    via     St. 

5 

5 

2 

Thomas 

13 

*t!3 

g 

West  Indies  (British),  via  St.  Thomas... 

13 

Jl3 

4 

"         •'      by  direct  steamer  

*5 

C 

2 

*  Prepayment  is  compulsory ;  if  matter  is  not  fully 
prepaid  it  will  not  be  forwarded.  In  all  cases  where 
the  *  is  not  used  prepayment  of  letters  is  optional. 

f  Additional  charge  is  made  on  delivery ;  where 
the  f  is  not  used  no  additional  charge  is  made. 


POST-OFFICE  MONEY-ORDERS. 
DOMESTIC. 

The  fees  or  charges  for  money-orders 
are  as  follows : 

On  orders  not  exceeding  $15 10  cents. 

On  orders  over  $15  and  not  exceeding 

$30 15      " 

On  orders  over  $30  and  not  exceeding 

$40 20      " 

On  orders  over  $40  and  not  exceeding 

$50 25      « 

When  a  larger  sum  than  $50  is  re- 
quired, additional  orders  to  make  it  up 
must  be  obtained.  But  postmasters  are 
instructed  to  refuse  to  issue  in  one  day, 
to  the  same  remitter  and  in  favor  of  the 
same  payee,  more  than  three  money-orders 
payable  at  the  same  post-office. 

FOREIGN. 

Money-orders  to  Great  Britain  and 
Switzerland  :  Not  exceeding  §5,  15  cents  ; 
over  $5  to  $10,  25  cents  ;  over  $10  to  $20, 
50  cents ;  over  $20  to  $30,  75  cents  ;  over 
$30  to  $40,  $1 ;  over  $40  to  $50,  $1.25. 
Money-orders  to  Germany  :  Not  exceed- 
ing $10,  25  cents ;  over  $10  to  $20,  50 
cents;  over  $20  to  $30,  75  cents;  over 
$30  to  $40,  80  cents  5  over  $40  to  $50,  $1. 
Money-orders  to  Canada :  Not  exceeding 
$10,  20  cents  ;  over  $10  to  $20,  40  cents  ; 
over  $20  to  $30,  60  cents  ;  over  $30  to  $40, 
80  cents  ;  over  $40  to  $50,  $1.  No  frac- 
tion of  cents  to  be  introduced. 


DEPARTMENT    OF   JUSTICE. 


The  Attorney -General  is  the  head  of 
this  Department.  To  assist  the  Attorney- 
General  there  is  in  the  Department  of 
Justice  an  officer  learned  in  the  law, 
called  the  Solicitor-General,  who  receives 
a  salary  of  $7000  a  year.  There  are  also 
three  Assistant  Attorneys-General,  with 
salaries  of  §5000  a  year  each,  and  an 
Assistant  Attorney-General  for  the  Post- 
Office  Department,  with  a  salary  of  $4000  ; 
a  Solicitor  of  Internal  Revenue,  at  $4500 ; 
and  an  Examiner  of  Claims  for  the  De- 
partment of  State,  at  $3500  a  year. 


ATTORNEY-GENERAL    AND    OFFICERS 
OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE. 

DUTIES. 

The  Attorney-General  gives  his  advice 
and  opinion  upon  questions  of  law,  when 
required  by  the  President,  and  also  when 
required  by  the  head  of  any  Executive 
Department  as  to  questions  of  law  arising 
in  his  Department. 

The  Attorney-General  and  the  Solici- 
tor-General conduct  and  argue  suits  and 
writs  of  error  and  appeals  in  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  suits  in  the  Court  of  Claims, 
in  which  the  United  States  Government 
is  interested,  and  also  in  any  of  the  United 
States  courts,  when  deemed  necessary. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  officers  of  the  De- 
partment of  Justice,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Attorney-General,  to  give  all  opin- 
ions and  render  all  services  requiring  the 
skill  of  persons  learned  in  the  law  neces- 
sary to  enable  the  President  and  heads  of 
Departments,  and  the  heads  of  Bureaus, 
and  other  officers  in  the  Departments,  to 
discharge  their  respective  duties  ;  and  to 
procure,  on  behalf  of  the  United  States, 
the  proper  evidence  for,  and  conduct, 
prosecute,  or  defend  all  suits  and  pro- 
ceedings in  the  Supreme  Court  and  in  the 
Court  of  Claims,  in  which  the  United 
States,  or  any  officer  thereof,  as  such  offi- 
cer, is  a  party,  or  may  be  interested  ;  and 


no  fees  shall  be  allowed  or  paid  to  any 
other  attorney  or  counsellor-at-law  for  any 
such  service  required  of  said  officers,  ex- 
cept whenever  the  Attorney-General  is 
of  opinion  the  public  interest  requires  it, 
he  may  employ  and  retain,  in  the  name 
of  the  United  States,  such  attorneys  and 
counsellors-at-law  as  he  may  think  neces- 
sary to  assist  the  District  Attorneys  in 
the  discharge  of  their  duties,  and  shall 
stipulate  with  such  assistant  attorneys 
and  counsel  the  amount  of  compensation, 
and  shall  have  supervision  of  their  con- 
duct and  proceedings. 

Whenever  the  head  of  a  Department  or 
Bureau  gives  the  Attorney-General  due 
notice  that  the  interests  of  the  United 
States  require  the  service  of  counsel  upon 
the  examination  of  witnesses  touching 
any  claim,  or  upon  the  legal  investiga- 
tion of  any  claim,  pending  in  such  De- 
partment or  Bureau,  the  Attorney-Gen- 
eral must  provide  for  such  service. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Attorney-General 
to  examine  the  title  to  land  purchased  by 
the  United  States  upon  which  to  erect 
armories,  arsenals,  forts,  navy-yards,  cus- 
tom-houses, post-offices,  and  all  public 
buildings,  and  no  money  can  be  paid  for 
land  until  he  gives  a  written  opinion  in 
favor  of  the  validity  of  its  title. 

The  Attorney-General  exercises  general 
superintendence  of  United  States  at- 
torneys, marshals,  clerks,  and  other  offi- 
cers of  the  United  States  courts,  also  over 
their  accounts. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Attorney-General 
to  sign  all  requisitions  for  the  advance  or 
payment  of  moneys  appropriated  for  the 
Department  of  Justice,  out  of  the  Treas- 
ury, subject  to  the  same  control  as  is  ex- 
ercised on  like  estimates  or  accounts  by 
the  First  Auditor  or  First  Comptroller  of 
the  Treasury. 

When  proceedings  at  law  for  money 
due  the  Post-Office  Department  are  fruit- 
less, the  Department  of  Justice  may  di- 
rect the  institution  of  a  suit  in  chancery, 

265 


266 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


in  any  United  States  District  or  Circuit 
Court,  to  set  aside  fraudulent  conveyances 
or  trusts,  or  attach  debts  due  the  defend- 
ant, or  obtain  any  other  proper  exercise 
of  the  powers  of  equity  to  have  satisfac- 
tion of  any  judgment  against  such  de- 
fendant. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Attorney-General 
to  cause,  from  time  to  time,  to  be  edited, 
and  printed  at  the  Government  Printing 
Office,  an  edition  of  1000  copies  of  such 
of  the  opinions  of  the  law  officers,  author- 
ized by  law  to  be  given,  as  he  may  deem 
valuable  for  preservation  in  volumes. 

He  must  make  to  Congress,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  each  regular  session,  a  re- 
port of  the  business  of  his  Department  for 
the  last  preceding  fiscal  year,  and  of  any 
other  matters  pertaining  thereto  that  he 
may  deem  proper,  including  a  statement 
of  the  several  appropriations  which  are 
placed  under  its  control,  the  amount  ap- 
propriated, and  a  detailed  statement  of 
the  amounts  used  for  defraying  the  ex- 
penses of  the  United  States  courts  in  each 
judicial  district ;  also  the  statistics  of 
crime  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States, 
and  a  statement  of  the  number  of  causes, 
civil  and  criminal,  pending  during  the 
preceding  year  in  each  of  the  several 
courts  of  the  United  States. 

The  Attorney-General  must  make  an 
annual  report  to  Congress  of  the  names 
of  all  persons  employed  or  retained  as 
attorneys  or  counsellors-at-law,  to  assist 
any  district  attorneys  in  the  performance 
of  their  duties,  stating  where  and  upon 
what  business  each  was  employed,  and 
the  compensation  paid  to  each. 

The  Department  of  Justice  is  charged 
with  the  distribution  to  the  various 
judges  and  courts  of  the  statutes,  re- 
ports, and  other  judicial  documents  pro- 
vided by  law ;  and  to  keep  a  register  of 
the  statutes  of  the  United  States,  and  re- 
ports of  the  Supreme  Court,  showing  the 
quantity  of  each  kind  received  by  it  from 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

In  all  suits  brought  against  the  United 
States  in  the  Court  of  Claims,  founded 
upon  any  contract,  agreement,  or  trans- 
action with  any  Department  or  Bureau, 
officer,  or  agent  of  a  Department  or  Bu- 
reau, when  the  matter  or  thing  on  which 
the  claim  is  based  has  been  passed  upon 


and  decided  by  any  Department,  Bureau, 
or  officer  authorized  to  adjust  it,  the  At- 
torney-General shall  transmit  to  such 
Department,  Bureau,  or  officer  a  printed 
copy  of  the  petition  filed  by  the  claimant, 
with  a  request  to  be  furnished  with  all 
the  facts,  circumstances,  and  evidence 
touching  the  claim  in  their  possession, 
which  must  be  so  furnished  without  delay. 

It  is  his  duty  to  prescribe  such  regula- 
tions for  the  government  of  the  marshals 
and  the  warden  of  the  jail  in  the  District 
of  Columbia,  in  relation  to  their  duties 
under  the  statutes,  as  will  enable  him  to 
determine  the  actual  and  reasonable  ex- 
penses incurred. 

The  Attorney-General  is  authorized  to 
designate  a  suitable  jail  or  penitentiary 
in  which  to  confine  convicts  convicted  in 
any  court  of  the  United  States,  and  whose 
punishment  is  imprisonment  in  a  District 
or  Territory  where  there  is  no  peniten- 
tiary or  jail  suitable  for  the  confinement 
of  prisoners.  He  is  directed  to  contract 
with  the  proper  authorities  having  control 
of  such  prisoners  for  the  imprisonment, 
subsistence,  and  proper  employment  of 
them,  and  to  give  the  court  having  juris- 
diction notice  of  the  jail  or  penitentiary 
where  such  prisoners  will  be  confined. 

He  is  also  authorized  to  designate  the 
houses  of  refuge  in  which  juvenile  of- 
fenders against  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  being  under  the  age  of  sixteen 
years,  convicted  of  crime,  are  to  be  con- 
fined, and  to  contract  with  the  managers 
having  control  of  such  houses  of  refuge 
for  the  subsistence,  imprisonment,  and 
proper  employment  of  such  juvenile 
offenders. 

FORCE   IN   THE    DEPARTMENT    OF 
JUSTICE. 

Per  Annum 

Chief  clerk $2200 

Law  clerk  and  examiner  of  titles 2700 

1  stenographer 1800 

1  disbursing  clerk 2000 

1  pardon  clerk 2000 

1  law  clerk 2000 

3  clerks,  each 1800 

1  clerk 1400 

2  clerks,  each 1200 

1  telegraph  operator 1000 

5  copyists,  each 900 

2  assistant  messengers,  each 720 

2  laborers,  each 660 

2  watchmen,  each 720 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE. 


267 


OFFICE  OF  THE    SOLICITOR   OF  THE  TREASURY. 


The  Solicitor  has  charge  of  the  books, 
papers,  and  records  formerly  appertaining 
to  the  office  of  Agent  of  the  Treasury,  or 
to  the  superintendence  of  the  collection 
of  outstanding  direct  taxes  and  inter- 
nal duties,  transferred  to  him  by  the  act 
of  Congress  of  May  29,  1830,  and  of  the 
seal  adopted  for  the  office. 

It  is  his  duty,  under  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  to  take  cog- 
nizance of  all  frauds  or  attempted  frauds 
upon  the  revenue,  and  to  exercise  a  gen- 
eral supervision  over  the  measures  for 
their  prevention  and  detection,  and  for 
the  prosecution  of  persons  charged  with 
the  commission  thereof. 

Whenever  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury 
receives  information  from  a  collector  of 
duties  that  such  collector  has  delivered 
any  bond  for  duties  to  a  district  attorney 
for  suit,  the  Solicitor  must  make  entry 
thereof,  charging  the  attorney  therewith 
until  the  amount  has  been  paid  to  the 
United  States,  or  he  has  obtained  judg- 
ment thereon. 

He  must  make  constant  and  strict  ex- 
aminations and  comparisons  of  the  re- 
ports made  by  collectors  of  bonds  for 
duties  delivered  by  them  to  district  at- 
torneys for  suit,  and  of  the  returns  made 
by  district  attorneys  of  such  bonds  re- 
ceived by  them. 

The  Solicitor  shall  establish  such  regu- 
lations not  inconsistent  with  law,  with 
the  approbation  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  for  observance  of  collectors  of 
customs,  and  with  the  approbation  of 
the  Attorney-General,  for  the  observance 
of  district  attorneys  and  marshals  re- 
specting suits  in  which  the  United  States 
are  parties,  as  may  be  deemed  necessary 
for  the  just  responsibility  of-  those  offi- 
cers, and  the  prompt  collection  of  all 
revenues  and  debts  due  and  accruing  to 
the  United  States;  except  to  suits  for 
taxes,  forfeitures,  or  penalties  arising 
under  the  internal  revenue  laws. 

He  must  report  all  moneys  recovered  or 
collected  under  his  direction  to  the  offi- 
cer from  whom  the  bond  or  other  evidence 
of  debt  was  received,  who  will  give  proper 
credit  therefor ;  and  report  in  like  man- 
ner all  credits  allowed  by  due  course  of 
law  on  any  suits  under  his  direction. 

He  has  power  to  instruct  the  district 


attorneys,  marshals,  and  clerks  of  the 
Circuit  and  District  Courts  in  all  matters 
and  proceedings  appertaining  to  suits  in 
which  the  United  States  is  a  party  or  in- 
terested, except  suits  for  taxes,  penalties, 
or  forfeitures  under  the  internal  revenue 
laws,  and  to  cause  them  to  report  to  him 
from  time  to  time  any  information  he 
may  require  in  relation  to  the  same. 

The  Solicitor  receives  returns  of  every 
marshal  of  proceedings  had  upon  all  writs 
of  execution,  or  other  process  which  have 
been  placed  in  his  hands  for  the  collec- 
tion of  moneys  adjudged  and  decreed  to 
the  United  States  in  the  Circuit  and  Dis- 
trict Courts. 

He  receives  from  every  clerk  of  a  Cir- 
cuit or  District  Court  a  list  of  all  judg- 
ments and  decrees,  to  which  the  United 
States  are  parties,  which  have  been  en- 
tered in  said  courts,  respectively,  during 
each  term,  showing  the  amount  adjudged 
or  decreed. 

Copies  of  any  documents,  records, 
books,  or  papers  in  the  office  of  the  So- 
licitor of  the  Treasury,  certified  by  him 
under  the  seal  of  his  office,  or  when  his 
office  is  vacant,  by  the  officer  acting  as 
Solicitor  for  the  time,  shall  be  evidence 
equally  with  the  originals. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Solicitor,  within 
sixty  days  after  the  accounting  officers  of 
the  Treasury  have  reported,  at  the  re- 
quest of  the  party,  to  him  the  balance 
due  to  the  United  States  by  any  officer 
whose  compensation  is  withheld,  to  order 
suit  to  be  commenced  against  such  delin- 
quent and  his  sureties. 

Whenever  any  seizure  is  made  for  the 
purpose  of  enforcing  any  forfeiture,  the 
collector  or  other  person  causing  such 
seizure  to  be  made  shall  immediately 
give  information  thereof  to  the  Solicitor 
of  the  Treasury. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Solicitor,  when 
any  collector  of  internal  revenue  fails 
either  to  collect  or  to  render  his  account, 
or  to  pay  over  in  the  manner  or  within 
the  times  provided  by  law,  after  the  same 
has  been  reported  to  him  by  the  First 
Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  to  issue  a 
warrant  of  distress  against  such  delin- 
quent collector,  directed  to  the  marshal 
of  the  district,  expressing  therein  the 
amount  with  which  the  said  collector  is 


268 


THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


chargeable,  and  the  sums,  if  any,  which 
have  been  paid  over  by  him,  as  far  as  the 
same  are  ascertainable ;  and  the  marshal 
shall  immediately  proceed  to  levy  and 
collect  the  sum  which  remains  due,  and 
five  per  centum  thereon,  and  all  expenses 
and  charges  of  collection,  by  distress  and 
sale  of  the  goods  and  chattels  or  any 
personal  effects  of  the  delinquent  col- 
lector ;  and  for  want  of  personal  property 
the  real  estate,  or  so  much  thereof  as  will 
be  sufficient  to  satisfy  the  warrant,  shall 
be  sold  at  public  auction. 

It  requires  the  recommendation  of  the 
Solicitor  of  the  Treasury  before  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  can  compromise  a 
claim  in  favor  of  the  United  States,  upon 
a  report  and  recommendation  in  favor  of 
a  compromise  of  a  district  or  special  at- 
torney having  charge  of  the  claim. 

The  Solicitor  has  power  to  appoint  an 
agent  to  bid  in  behalf  of  the  United 
States,  at  every  sale,  on  execution,  at  the 
suit  of  the  United  States,  of  lands  or 
tenements  of  a  debtor. 

Whenever  any  collector  of  revenue,  re- 


the  Solicitor  is  directed  in  the  same 
manner  to  proceed  against  such  disburs- 
ing officer. 

The  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury  is  author- 
ized, with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  to  rent,  for  a  period  not 
exceeding  three  years,  or  to  sell,  at  public 
sale,  any  unproductive  lands,  or  other 
property  of  the  United  States  acquired 
under  judicial  process  or  otherwise  in  the 
collection  of  debts,  after  advertising  the 
time,  place,  and  conditions  of  such  sale 
for  three  months  preceding  the  same  in 
some  newspaper  published  in  the  vicinity 
thereof,  in  such  manner  and  upon  such 
terms  as  may,  in  his  judgment,  be  most 
advantageous  to  the  public  interest. 

He  has  charge  of  all  lands  and  other 
property  which  have  been  or  may  be 
assigned,  set  off,  or  conveyed  to  the 
United  States  in  payment  of  debts ;  and 
of  all  trusts  created  for  the  use  of  the 
United  States  in  payment  of  debts  due 
them  ;  and  of  the  sale  and  disposal  of 
lands  assigned  or  set  off  to  the  United 
States  in  payment  of  debts  or  vested  in 


ceiver  of  public  money,  or  other  officer    them  by  mortgage  or  other  security  for 


in  debts 


who  has  received  the  public  money  before  I  the  payment  of  debts,  except  i 

it  is  paid  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United    arising  under  the  internal  revenue  laws. 

States,  fails  to  render  his  account,  or  pay 


over  the  same  in  the  manner  or  within 
the  time  required  by  law,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  First  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury  (or  the  Commissioner  of  Cus- 
toms, as  the  case  may  be)  to  cause  to  be 
stated  the  account  of  such  officer,  exhibit- 
ing truly  the  amount  due  to  the  United 
States,  and  to  certify  the  same  to  the  So- 
licitor, who  shall  issue  a  warrant  of  dis- 
tress against  the  delinquent  officer  and 
his  sureties,  directed  to  the  marshal  of 
the  district  in  which  such  officer  and  his 
sureties  reside. 

In  case  of  the  failure  of  a  disbursing 
officer  to  account  according  to  law  or 
regulations  for  the  moneys  in  his  hands, 


If  any  debt  is  afterward  paid  in  lawful 
money,  the  Solicitor  may  release  by  deed 
or  otherwise  convey  the  same  real  estate 
to  the  debtor,  or  if  deceased,  to  his  heirs 
or  devisees. 


FORCE  IN  THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  SOLICI- 
TOR OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Per  Annum. 

Solicitor $4500 

Assistant  Solicitor 3000 

Chief  clerk 2000 

4  clerks,  each 1800 

3      "          "   1600 

2      "         "   1400 

2      "          "   1200 

1  assistant  messenger 720 

1  laborer....  ,     660 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTUKE. 


This  Department  is  under  the  charge 
of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 

The  general  design  and  duties,  of  this 
Department  are  to  acquire  and  diffuse 
among  the  people  of  the  United  States 
useful  information  on  subjects  connected 
with  agriculture,  and  to  procure,  propa- 
gate, and  distribute  among  the  people 
new  and  valuable  seeds  and  plants. 

The  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  is 
not  a  member  of  the  President's  Cabinet, 
although  at  the  head  of  a  Department. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  of 
Agriculture  to  procure  and  preserve  all 
information  concerning  agriculture  which 
he  can  obtain  by  means  of  books,  cor- 
respondence, and  by  practical  and  scien- 
tific experiments,  accurate  records  of 
which  experiments  shall  be  kept  in  his 
office,  and  by  the  collection  of  statistics, 
and  any  other  appropriate  means  within 
his  power ;  to  collect  new  and  valuable 
seeds  and  plants,  which  he  shall  test  by 
cultivation,  and  propagate  such  as  may 
be  worthy  of  propagation,  and  shall  dis- 
tribute them  among  agriculturists. 

The  purchase  and  distribution  of  seeds 
shall  be  confined  to  such  seeds  as  are 
rare  and  uncommon  to  the  country,  or 
such  as  can  be  made  more  profitable  by 
frequent  changes  from  one  part  of  our 
own  country  to  another;  and  the  pur- 
chase, propagation,  and  distribution  of 
trees,  plants," shrubs,  vines,  and  cuttings 
shall  be  confined  to  such  as  are  adapted 
to  general  cultivation,  and  to  promote 
the  general  interests  of  horticulture  and 
agriculture  throughout  the  United  States. 

He  has  charge  of  the  investigation  of 


the  diseases  of  swine,  and  infectious  and 
contagious  diseases  to  which  all  other 
classes  of  domesticated  animals  are  sub- 
ject; for  which  purpose  the  sum  of 
$10,000  was  appropriated  by  the  act  of 
June  16,  1880. 

Also,  of  the  investigation  into  the  hab- 
its of  the  cotton-worm  and  other  insects 
injurious  to  the  cotton-plant  and  to  agri- 
culture, with  a  view  of  preventing  their 
injuries,  for  which  purpose  the  sum  of 
$5000  was  appropriated  by  the  same  act 
of  Congress. 

The  following  subordinate  officers  and 
employes  are  provided  for  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture : 

Per  Annum. 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture $3500 

Chief  clerk 2000 

1  entomologist 2000 

1  chemist 2000 

1  assistant  chemist 1600 

1          «  " 1200 

1  superintendent   of    experimental   gar- 
den, etc 2000 

1  statistician 2000 

disbursing  clerk 1800 

superintendent  of  seed-room 1800 

librarian 1400 

botanist 1800 

microscopist 1800 

engineer 1200 

3  clerks,  each 1800 

4  "         " 1600 

5  "         «     1400 

6  "         «     1200 

5        "         " 1000 

1  superintendent  of  folding-room 1200 

1  lady  superintendent  of  flower-seed  room     900 

Temporary  clerks,  copyists,  laborers,  watch- 
men, carpenters,  attendants  in  museum,  and 
laborers,  $10,000. 


269 


THE  JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 


UNITED  STATES  SUPREME  COURT. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  a  Chief 
Justice  and  eight  Associate  Justices. 

The  Chief  Justice  receives  $10,500  a 
year,  and  the  Associate  Justices  $10,000 
a  year  each. 

A  Clerk  and  a  Marshal  are  appointed 
by  the  Court. 

The  Clerk  receives  fees  for  the  per- 
formance of  the  duties  of  his  office  ;  and, 
unlike  other  court  clerks,  there  is  no 
maximum  fixed  of  the  amount  of  fees 
to  be  retained  by  him. 

The  Marshal  receives  $3000  a  year. 

A  Reporter  is  appointed,  whose  salary 
is  $2500  a  year,  and  $1500  additional 
when  he  shall  publish  a  second  volume 
of  the  Supreme  Court  decisions. 

The  Supreme  Court  must  hold  one 
regular  term  a  year,  commencing  on  the 
second  Monday  in  October,  and  such 
special  terms  as  may  be  necessary. 

JURISDICTION  OF  THE  SUPREME 
COURT. 

Exclusive  jurisdiction  of  all  contro- 
versies of  a  civil  nature  where  a  State  is 
a  party,  except  between  a  State  and  its 
citizens,  or  between  a  State  and  citizens 
of  other  States,  or  aliens,  in  which  latter 
cases  it  shall  have  original  but  not  exclu- 
sive jurisdiction. 

Exclusively  of  suits  or  proceedings 
against  ambassadors,  or  other  public 
ministers,  or  their  domestic  servants ; 
and  original  but  not  exclusive  jurisdic- 
tion of  all  suits  brought  by  ambassadors 
or  other  public  ministers,  or  in  which  a 
consul  or  vice-consul  is  a  party. 

It  has  pow».}r  to  issue  writs  of  prohibi- 
tion in  the  District  Courts  when  pro- 
ceeding as  courts  of  admiralty  and  mari- 
time jurisdiction,  and  writs  of  mandamus 
in  cases  warranted  by  the  principles  and 
usages  of  law,  to  any  United  States 
courts,  or  to  persons  holding  office  under 
270 


the  United  States,  where  a  State  or  an 
ambassador  or  other  public  minister  or 
consul  or  vice-consul  is  a  party. 

Appeals  from  the  Circuit  and  District 
Courts. 

UNITED  STATES  CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

The  judicial  districts  of  the  United 
States  are  divided  into  nine  circuits,  as 
follows  : 

The  first  circuit  includes  th'e  districts  of 
Rhode  Island,  Massachusetts,  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  Maine. 

The  second.  Vermont,  Connecticut,  and 
New  York. 

The  third,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey, 
and  Delaware. 

The  fourth,  Maryland,  Virginia,  West 
Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and  South 
Carolina. 

The  fifth,  Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama, 
Mississippi,  Louisiana,  and  Texas. 

The  sixth,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Kentucky, 
and  Tennessee. 

The  seventh,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and 
Wisconsin. 

The  eighth,  Nebraska,  Minnesota,  Iowa, 
Missouri,  Kansas,  and  Arkansas. 

The  ninth,  California,  Oregon,  and 
Nevada. 

ALLOTMENTS. 

The  Chief  Justice  and  Associate  Jus- 
tices of  the  Supreme  Court  are  allotted 
among  the  circuits  by  an  order  of  the 
Court. 

For  each  circuit  a  circuit  judge  is  ap- 
pointed, with  a  salary  of  $6000  a  year. 

Circuit  courts  are  held  by  the  circuit 
justice  or  by  the  circuit  judge  of  the 
circuit,  or  by  the  district  judge  sitting 
alone  or  by  any  two  of  the  said  judges 
sitting  together. 

The  Chief  Justice  and  each  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  must  attend  at- least 
one  term  of  the  Circuit  Court  in  each 


THE  JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 


271 


district   of    the   circuit   to   which    he  is 
allotted  during  every  two  years. 

A  clerk  is  appointed  for  each  Circuit 
Court  by  the  circuit  judge. 

JURISDICTION  OF  CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

First,  Of  all  suits  of  a  civil  nature 
where  the  matter  in  dispute  exceeds  the 
sum  of  $500,  and  an  alien  is  a  party,  or 
between  citizens  of  different  States. 

Second.  Of  all  suits  in  equity,  of 
$500,  and  the  United  States  are  peti- 
tioners. 

Third.  Of  all  suits  at  common  law  by 
United  States  officers. 

Fourth.  Suits  under  import,  internal 
revenue,  and  postal  laws. 

Fifth.  Suits  for  the  enforcement  of 
penalties  as  to  laws  regulating  the  car- 
riage of  passengers  in  merchant  vessels. 

Sixth.  Suits  and  proceedings  for  con- 
demnation of  property  used  for  insurrec- 
tionary purposes. 

Seventh.  Suits  arising  under  laws  re- 
lating to  the  slave-trade. 

Eighth.  Suits  on  debenture,  customs 
duties. 

Ninth.  Suits  under  the  patent  or  copy- 
right laws. 

Tenth.  Suits  by  or  against  National 
banks. 

Eleventh.  Suits  to  enjoin  the  Comp- 
troller of  the  Currency. 

Twelfth.  Suits  for  injuries  on  account 
of  acts  done  under  laws  of  the  United 
States  for  protection  or  collection  of  the 
revenues,  or  to  enforce  the  rights  of  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States  to  vote  in  the 
several  States. 

Thirteenth.  Suits  to  recover  offices 
where  the  question  arises  out  of  the  right 
to  vote  on  account  of  race,  color,  or  pre- 
vious condition  of  servitude. 

Fourteenth.  Suits  for  removal  of  officers 
holding  contrary  to  the  fourteenth  amend- 
ment. 

Fifteenth.  Suits  for  penalties  under  laws 
to  enforce  the  elective  franchise. 

Sixteenth.  Suits  to  redress  deprivation 
of  rights  secured  by  the  Constitution  and 
laws. 

Seventeenth.  Suits  on  account  of  in- 
juries by  conspirators  in  certain  cases. 

Eighteenth.  Suits  against  any  person 
having  knowledge  of  a  conspiracy  and 
neglects  or  refuses  to  prevent  the  same. 

Nineteenth.  Suits  against  officers  and 
owners  of  vessels. 

Twentieth.  Of  all  crimes  and  offences 
cognizable  under  authority  of  the  United 
States,  except  where  otherwise  provided 


by  law,  and  concurrent  jurisdiction  with 
the  District  Courts  of  crimes  and  offences 
cognizable  therein. 

CONCURRENT  JURISDICTION. 

By  an  act  to  determine  the  jurisdiction 
of  Circuit  Courts  of  the  United  States,  and 
for  other  purposes,  approved  March  3, 
1875,  it  was  provided  : 

That  the  Circuit  Courts  of  the  United 
States  shall  have  original  cognizance,  con- 
current with  the  courts  of  the  several 
States,  of  all  suits  of  a  civil  nature  at  com- 
mon law  or  in  equity,  where  the  matter  in 
dispute  exceeds,  exclusive  of  costs,  the  sum 
or  value  of  $500,  and  arising  under  the 
Constitution  or  laws  of  the  United  States, 
or  treaties  made  or  which  shall  be  made, 
under  their  authority,  or  in  which  £he 
United  States  are  plaintiffs  or  petitioners, 
or  in  which  there  shall  be  a  controversy 
between  citizens  of  different  States,  or  a 
controversy  between  citizens  of  the  same 
State,  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  dif- 
ferent States,  or  a  controversy  between 
citizens  of  a  State  and  foreign  states, 
citizens,  or  subjects,  and  shall  have  ex- 
clusive cognizance  of  all  crimes  and 
offences  cognizable  under  the  authority 
of  the  United  States,  except  as  otherwise 
provided  by  law.  and  concurrent  juris- 
diction with  the  District  Courts  of  the 
crimes  and  offences  cognizable  therein. 
But  no  person  shall  be  arrested  in  one 
district  for  trial  in  another  in  any  civil 
action  before  a  Circuit  or  District  Court. 
And  no  civil  suit  shall  be  brought  before 
either  of  said  courts  against  any  person 
by  any  original  process  or  proceeding  in 
any  other  district  than  that  whereof  he 
is  an  inhabitant,  or  in  which  he  shall  be 
found  at  the  time  of  serving  such  process, 
or  commencing  such  proceeding,  except 
as  provided ;  nor  shall  any  Circuit  or 
District  Court  have  cognizance  of  any 
suit  founded  on  contract  in  favor  of  an 
assignee,  unless  a  suit  might  have  been 
prosecuted  in  such  court  to  recover 
thereon  if  no  assignment  had  been  made, 
except  in  causes  of  promissory  notes  nego- 
tiable by  the  law  merchant  and  bills  of 
exchange.  And  the  Circuit  Courts  shall 
also  have  appellate  jurisdiction  from  the 
District  Courts  under  the  regulations  and 
restrictions  prescribed  by  law. 

UNITED  STATES  DISTRICT  COURTS. 

The   United    States    are   divided   into 
judicial  districts. 
The  States  of  California,  Connecticut, 


272 


THE  JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 


Delaware,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Ken- 
tucky, Louisiana,  Maine,  Maryland,  Mas- 
sachusetts, Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Nevada, 
New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  Oregon, 
Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina,  Vermont, 
West  Virginia,  and  Colorado  each  consti- 
tute one  judicial  district. 

The  State  of  Alabama  is  divided  into 
three  districts :  the  southern,  middle,  and 
northern. 

The  State  of  Arkansas  into  two:  the 
eastern  and  western. 

The  State  of  Florida  into  two :  the 
northern  and  southern. 

The  State  of  Georgia  into  two:  the 
northern  and  southern. 

The  State  of  Illinois  into  two :  the 
northern  and  southern. 

The  State  of  Iowa  constitutes  one  dis- 
trict, divided  into  four  divisions. 

The  State  of  Michigan  is  divided  into 
two  :  the  eastern  and  western. 

The  State  of  Mississippi  into  two :  the 
northern  and  southern. 

The  State  of  Missouri  into  two  :  the 
eastern  and  western. 

The  State  of  New  York  into  three: 
the  northern,  eastern,  and  southern. 

The  State  of  North  Carolina  into  two : 
the  eastern  and  western. 

The  State  of  Ohio  into  two  :  the  north- 
ern and  southern. 

The  State  of  Pennsylvania  into  two: 
the  eastern  and  western. 

The  State  of  Tennessee  into  three :  the 
eastern,  western,  and  middle. 

The  State  of  Texas  into  three :  the 
eastern,  western,  and  northern. 

The  State  of  Virginia  into  two :  the 
eastern  and  western. 

The  State  of  Wisconsin  into  two :  the 
eastern  and  western. 

A  district  judge  is  appointed  for  each 
district,  except  in  the  States  of  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  South  Carolina,  and 
Tennessee  one  only  is  appointed,  who  is 
district  judge  for  each  district  in  the 
State  for  which  he  is  appointed. 

District  judges  receive  the  following 
yearly  salaries : 

The  judge  of  the  district  of  California... $5000 
"  "          Louisiana....  4500 

The  judges  of  the  district  of  Massachu- 
setts; of  the  northern,  southern,  and 
eastern  districts  of  New  York;  the 
eastern  and  western  districts  of  Penn- 
sylvania; the  district  of  New  Jersey; 
of  Maryland ;  the  southern  district 
of  Ohio;  and  the  northern  district  of 
Illinois,  each 4000 

The  judges  of  all  other  districts,  each....  3500 


RESIGNATIONS. 

When  a  judge  of  any  court  of  the 
United  States  resigns  his  office,  after 
having  held  his  commission  as  such  at 
least  ten  years,  and  having  attained  the 
age  of  seventy  years,  he  shall,  during  the 
residue  of  his  natural  life,  receive  the 
same  salary  which  was  by  law  payable  to 
him  at  the  time  of  his  resignation. 

CLERKS. 

A  clerk  is  appointed  for  each  District 
Court  by  the  judge  thereof,  and  in  the 
eastern  district  of  Arkansas  two  are  ap- 
pointed :  one  to  keep  his  office  at  Little 
Rock,  and  one  at  Helena. 

In  Kentucky,  a  clerk  is  appointed  for 
each  place  of  holding  the  court.  One  or 
more  deputies  to  any  clerk  may  be  ap- 
pointed, for  whose  acts  the  clerk  is  re- 
sponsible. 

Clerks  receive  $3500  a  year  each,  made 
up  of  fees. 

JURISDICTION. 

The  District  Courts  have  jurisdiction 
as  follows : 

First.  Of  all  crimes  and  oifences  cog- 
nizable under  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  committed  within  their  respective 
districts,  or  upon  the  high  seas,  the  pun- 
ishment of  which  is  not  capital. 

Second.  Of  all  cases  arising  under  any 
act  for  the  punishment  of  piracy,  when 
no  circuit  court  is  held  in  the  district. 

Third.  Of  all  suits  for  penalties  and 
forfeitures  incurred  under  any  law  of  the 
United  States. 

Fourth.  Of  all  suits  brought  at  com- 
mon law  by  the  United  States. 

Fifth.  Of  all  suits  in  equity  to  enforce 
the  lien  of  the  Ignited  States  upon  any 
real  estate  for  any  internal  revenue  tax.  " 

Sixth.  Of  all  suits  for  the  recovery  of 
any  forfeiture  or  damages  for  frauds 
against  the  United  States. 

Seventh.  Of  all  causes  of  action  arising 
under  the  postal  laws. 

Eighth.  Of  all  causes  of  admiralty  and 
maritime  jurisdiction  ;  and  of  all  seizures 
on  land  and  on  waters  not  within  admi- 
ralty jurisdiction,  and  of  all  prizes. 

Ninth.  Of  all  proceedings  for  the  con- 
demnation of  property  taken  as  prize, 
except  property  used  for  insurrectionary 
purposes. 

Tenth.  Of  all  suits  by  the  assignee  of 
any  debenture  for  drawback  of  duties. 

Eleventh.  Of  all  suits  on  account  of 
injuries  by  conspirators  in  certain  cases. 


THE  JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 


273 


Twelfth.  Of  all  suits  to  redress  depri- 
vation of  rights  secured  by  the  Consti- 
tution and  laws. 

Thirteenth.  Of  all  suits  to  recover 
offices,  except  of  electors  of  President 
and  Vice-President,  Representatives,  or 
Delegate  in  Congress,  or  member  of  a 
State  legislature. 

Fourteenth.  Of  all  suits  for  the  removal 
from  office  of  any  person,  except  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress,  or  of  a  State  legislature, 
contrary  to  the  fourteenth  amendment  of 
the  Constitution. 

Fifteenth.  Of  all  suits  by  or  against 
National  banks. 

Sixteenth.  Of  all  suits  brought  by  any 
alien  for  a  tort  only  in  violation  of  the 
rights  of  nations,  or  of  a  treaty  of  the 
United  States. 

Seventeenth.  Of  all  suits  against  con- 
suls. 

Eighteenth.  Of  all  matters  and  proceed- 
ings in  bankruptcy. 

COURT  OF  CLAIMS. 

The  Court  of  Claims  consists  of  a 
Chief  Justice  and  four  Judges,  who  re- 
ceive $4500  a  year  each. 

A  chief  clerk,  at  $3000  a  year ;  an 
assistant  clerk,  at  $2000  a  year  ;  a  bail- 
iff, at  $1500,  and  a  messenger,  at  $840  a 
year,  are  provided. 

JURISDICTION. 

In  general  the  Court  of  Claims  has 
jurisdiction  of  all  claims  founded  upon 
any  law  of  Congress,  or  upon  any  regu- 
lation of  an  Executive  Department,  or 
upon  any  contract,  expressed  or  implied, 
with  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  and  all  claims  which  may  be  re- 
ferred to  it  by  either  House  of  Congress. 

SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE  DISTRICT 
OF  COLUMBIA. 

This  Court  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice 
and  four  Associate  Justices. 

The  Chief  Justice  receives  annually 
$4500. 

The  Associate  Justices  receive  annu- 
ally, each  $4000. 

JURISDICTION. 

This  Court  possesses  the  same  powers 
and  exercises  the  same  jurisdiction  as  the 
Circuit  Courts  of  the  United  States. 

Any  one  of  the  justices  may  hold  a 
special  term,  with  the  same  powers  and 


jurisdiction  possessed  and  exercised  by 
District  Courts  of  the  United  States. 

Any  one  of  the  justices  may  hold  a 
criminal  court  for  the  trial  of  all  crimes 
and  offences  arising  within  the  District. 

This  Court  has  jurisdiction  of  actions, 
suits,  etc.,  in  equity  and  law  arising 
under  the  copyright  and  patent  laws; 
also  of  bankruptcy  cases,  and  of  divorces. 

Original  process  is  confined  to  inhabi- 
tants of  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  to 
persons  found  within  it. 

It  has  power  to  proceed  in  all  common 
law  and  chancery  causes. 

It  shall  not  hold  original  plea  of  any 
debt  or  damage  in  cases  within  the  juris- 
diction given  to  justices  of  the  peace 
under  $50. 

APPELLATE  JURISDICTION. 

Appeals  from  the  police  court  shall  be 
tried  on  information  filed  in  the  court 
below. 

It  shall  hear  the  allegations  and  proofs 
of  both  parties,  and  determine  the  matter 
at  the  same  term. 

Cases  of  appeal  from  the  decision  of  a 
justice  of  the  peace. 

Sitting  in  bane,  shall  have  jurisdiction 
of  all  appeals  from  the  decision  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Patents. 

Writs  and  processes  may  be  tested  in 
the  name  of  any  justice  of  the  Court. 

DISTRICT  ATTORNEYS  AND  MAR- 
SHALS. 

There  is  appointed  in  each  district 
(except  in  the  middle  district  of  Ala- 
bama, the  northern  district  of  Georgia, 
and  the  western  district  of  South  Caro- 
lina) a  person  learned  in  the  law  to  act 
as  Attorney  for  the  United  States.  For 
the  districts  excepted  the  District  Attor- 
neys for  the  other  districts  of  the  same 
States  perform  the  duties. 

DUTIES  OF  ATTORNEYS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  every  District  Attor- 
ney to  prosecute  in  his  district  all  delin- 
quents for  crimes  and  offences  cognizable 
under  the  authority  of  the  United  States, 
and  all  civil  actions  in  which  the  United 
States  are  concerned. 

The  compensation  of  District  Attor- 
neys is  made  up  from  fees,  regular  rates 
being  prescribed  by  statutes,  and  it  shall 
not  exceed  $6000  a  year,  with  some  ex- 
ceptions, wherein  an  allowance  is  made 
for  extra  services. 


18 


274  THE  JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 

DUTIES  OF  MARSHALS. 


A  Marshal  is  appointed  in  each  district 
except  in  the  district  where  no  District 
Attorney  is  provided  for,  and  for  said 
district  the  Marshals  of  adjoining  dis- 
tricts perform  the  duties. 

Marshals  may  appoint  deputies. 


It  is  the  duty  of  every  Marshal  to 
attend  the  District  and  Circuit  Courts, 
and  to  execute  throughout  the  district  all 
lawful  precepts  directed  to  him,  issued 
under  the  authority  of  the  United  States. 

The  maximum  compensation  of  each 
Marshal  is  $6000  a  year,  made  up  also 
from  fees. 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 
IN   THE    TERRITORIES. 


EXECUTIVE  POWER. 

The  executive  power  of  each  Territory 
is  vested  in  a  Governor,  who  holds  office 
for  four  years.  He  must  reside  in  the 
Territory  for  which  appointed,  and  is 
cominander-in-chief  of  the  militia  thereof. 
He  may  grant  pardons  and  reprieves,  and 
remit  fines  and  forfeitures  for  offences 
against  the  laws  of  the  Territory,  and 
respites  for  offences  against  the  laws  of 
the  United  States,  until  the  decision  of 
the  President  can  be  made  known 
thereon.  He  shall  commission  all  officers 
who  are  appointed  under  the  laws  of  such 
Territory,  and  take  care  that  the  laws 
thereof  are  faithfully  executed. 

There  is  also  appointed  a  Secretary  for 
each  Territory,  who  holds  office  four 
years,  and  who  must  reside  in  the  Terri- 
tory for  which  he  is  appointed.  In  case 
of  the  death,  removal,  resignation,  or 
absence  of  the  Governor  from  the  Terri- 
tory, the  Secretary  shall  execute  all  the 
powers  and  perform  all  the  duties  of 
Governor  during  such  vacancy  or  absence, 
or  until  another  Governor  is  appointed 
and  qualified. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  to  record 
and  preserve  all  laws  and  proceedings  of 
the  Legislative  Assembly,  and  all  acts  and 
proceedings  of  the  Governor  in  the  Ex- 
ecutive Department ;  and  to  prepare  the 
acts  passed  by  the  Assembly  for  publi- 
cation. 


LEGISLATIVE  POWER. 

The  legislative  power  in  each  Terri- 
tory is  vested  in  the  Governor  and  a  Legis- 
lative Assembly.  The  Legislative  As- 
sembly consists  of  a  Council  and  House 
of  Representatives.  The  members  must 
have  the  qualifications  of  voters.  The 
Council  of  each  must  not  exceed  12 


members,  and  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives 24  members. 

The  members  are  chosen  for  the  term 
of  two  years,  and  the  sessions  of  the  As- 
semblies are  biennial,  and  limited  to  forty 
days. 

All  laws  passed  by  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly and  Governor  of  any  Territory 
(except  Dakota,  Idaho,  Montana,  and 
Wyoming)  must  be  submitted  to  Con- 
gress, and,  if  disapproved,  are  null  and 
void. 

The  legislative  power  of  every  Terri- 
tory extends  to  all  rightful  subjects  of 
legislation  not  inconsistent  with  the  Con- 
stitution and  laws  of  the  United  States. 
No  law  can  be  passed  interfering  with 
the  primary  disposal  of  the  soil ;  no  tax 
imposed  upon  the  property  of  the  United 
States ;  and  the  lands  and  other  property 
of  non-residents  must  not  be  taxed  higher 
than  the  lands,  etc.,  of  residents. 

The  members  recejve  a  compensation 
of  $4  per  diem,  each,  during  the  session 
of  forty  days,  and  mileage,  which  is  S3 
for  every  20  miles  of  travel  in  going  to 
and  returning  from  the  sessions,  in  New 
Mexico,  Utah,  AVashington,  Dakota,  Ari- 
zona, and  Wyoming;  and  $4  in  Idaho 
and  Montana  5  the  President  of  the  Coun- 
cil and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  receive 
§6  a  day  each. 

The  following  subordinate  officers  are 
provided  for  each  branch  of  every  Terri- 
torial Legislative  Assembly : 

One  chief  clerk,  per  day,  $6  ;  1  en- 
rolling clerk,  1  engrossing  clerk,  and 
1  sergeant-at-arms  at  $5  per  day,  each  ; 
1  doorkeeper,  at  $5  per  day  5  1  messen- 
ger and  1  watchman,  at  $4  per  day  each  ; 
and  1  chaplain,  at  $1.50  per  day  daring 
the  sessions. 

Every  Territory  has  the  right  to  send 
a  Delegate  to  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  the  United  States. 

275 


276     UNITED  STATES   GOVERNMENT  IN  THE  TERRITORIES. 


JUDICIAL  POWER. 

The  judicial  power,  in  all  the  Terri- 
tories except  Arizona,  is  vested  in  a 
Supreme  Court,  District  Courts,  Probate 
Courts,  and  in  justices  of  the  peace;  in 
Arizona,  in  a  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such 
inferior  courts  as  the  Legislative  Council 
may  by  law  prescribe. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  one 
chief  justice  and  two  associate  justices, 
any  two  of  whom  constitute  a  quorum, 
who  hold  office  for  four  years,  and  until 
their  successors  are  appointed  and  quali- 
fied. In  Dakota  three  associate  justices 
are  provided  for.  They  must  hold  a  term 
annually  at  the  seat  of  government  of  the 
Territory  for  which  they  are  respectively 
appointed. 

Every  Territory  is  divided  into  three 
judicial  districts;  and  a  District  Court  is 
held  in  each  district  by  one  of  the  justices 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  at  such  time  and 
place  as  is  prescribed  by  law,  and  each 
judge,  after  assignment,  must  reside  in 
the  district  to  which  he  is  assigned. 

Each  Supreme  Court  appoints  its  own 
clerk,  whose  compensation  is  made  up 
from  fees  ;  and  each  judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  appoints  a  clerk  of  the  District 
Court  over  which  he  presides. 

There  is  appointed  in  each  Territory  a 
person  learned  in  the  law  to  act  as  attor- 
ney for  the  United  States,  who  holds 
office  for  four  years,  and  until  his  succes- 
sor is  appointed  and  qualified. 

There  is  also  a  marshal  for  each  Terri- 
tory, appointed  for  the  same  term.  He 
executes  all  processes  issuing  from  the 
Territorial  courts,  when  exercising  their 
jurisdiction  as  Circuit  and  District  Courts 
of  the  United  States. 

The  compensation  of  the  attorney  of 
the  United  States  for  each  Territory  is 
not  to  exceed  $6000  a  year;  $250  of 
which  is  salary,  and  the  remainder  is 
made  from  fees  of  office,  except  the  one 
for  Utah,  which  must  not  exceed  $3500  a 
year. 

The  compensation  of  each  marshal  is 
the  same  as  that  of  each  attorney,  Utah 
not  excepted. 


UNITED    STATES   OFFICERS    IN   EACH 
TERRITORY. 

ARIZONA. 

Per  Annum. 
Governor,  chief  justice,  and  two  associate 

judges,  each $2600 

Secretary 1800 

Interpreter  and  translator 500 


DAKOTA. 

Per  Annum. 
Governor,  chief  justice,  and  three  asso- 
ciate judges,  each $2600 

Secretary 1800 

IDAHO. 

Governor,  chief  justice,  and  two  associate 

judges,  each 2600 

Secretary 1800 

MONTANA. 

Governor,  chief  justice,  and  two  associate 

judges,  each 2600 

Secretary 1800 


NEW  MEXICO. 

Governor,  chief  justice,  and  two  associate 

judges,  each 2600 

Secretary 1800 

Interpreter  and  translator  in  executive 

office 500 


UTAH. 

Governor,  chief  justice,  and  two  associate 

judges,  each 2600 

Secretary 1800 

WASHINGTON. 

Governor,  chief  justice,  and  two  associate 

judges,  each 2600 

Secretary 1800 

WYOMING. 

Governor,  chief  justice,  and  two  associate 

judges,  each 26Uu 

Secretary 1800 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

The  District  of  Columbia  is  governed 
by  a  commission  of  three  persons,  ap- 
pointed by  the  President,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  one 
of  whom  must  be  an  officer  of  the 
Engineer  Corps  of  the  army  above  the 
rank  of  captain,  and  the  other  two  are 
appointed  from  civil  life.  The  compen- 
sation of  the  latter,  who  hold  office  for  a 
term  of  three  years,  is  $5000  per  annum 
each,  and  the  military  member  receives 
his  pay  and  allowances  as  an  officer  of 
the  army,  and  no  more. 

Each  of  the  Commissioners  must,  be- 
fore entering  on  the  discharge  of  his 
duties,  take  an  oath  to  support  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  and  to 
faithfully  discharge  the  duties  imposed 
upon  him  by  law  ;  and  each  of  the  Com- 
missioners appointed  from  civil  life  must 


UNITED   STATES   GOVERNMENT  IN  THE  TERRITORIES.    277 


give  bond  in  the  penal  sum  of  $50,000,  to 
be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

The  President  may  detail  from  the 
Engineer  Corps  of  the  army  not  more 
than  two  officers  of  subordinate  rank  to 
the  Engineer  Commissioner,  to  act  as 
assistants  to  him,  and  to  have  control  and 
charge,  subject  to  the  general  supervision 
of  the  Commissioners,  of  the  work  of  re- 
pair and  improvement  of  all  streets, 
avenues,  alleys,  sewers,  roads,  and  bridges 
in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

The  Commissioners  exercise  such 
powers  only  as  are  conferred  upon  them 
specifically  by  act  of  Congress. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Commissioners  to 
submit  annually  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  for  his  examination  and  ap- 
proval, a  statement,  showing  in  detail  the 
works  proposed  to  be  undertaken  by 
them  during  the  fiscal  year  next  ensuing, 
and  the  estimated  cost  thereof;  the  cost 
of  constructing,  repairing,  and  maintain- 
ing all  bridges  across  the  Potomac  River  •, 
the  cost  of  maintaining  all  public  institu- 
tions of  charity,  reformatories,  and 
prisons  belonging  to  or  controlled  in 
whole  or  in  part  by  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia; the  expenses  of  the  Washington 
Aqueduct  and  its  appurtenances ;  and 
an  itemized  statement  and  estimate  of 
the  amount  necessary  to  defray  the  ex- 
penses of  the  government  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  for  each  fiscal  year. 


The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  must 
consider  the  estimates,  and  approve,  dis- 
approve, or  suggest  such  changes  in  the 
same  as  he  may  think  the  public  interest 
demands.  He  must  then  make  a  certified 
statement  of  the  amount  approved  by 
him,  which,  together  with  the  original 
estimates,  he  must  deliver  to  the  Com- 
missioners, who  must  then  transmit  them 
to  Congress.  To  the  extent  to  which 
Congress  shall  approve  said  estimates 
Congress  shall  appropriate  the  amount  of 
fifty  per  centum  thereof,  the  remaining 
fifty  per  centum  to  be  raised  by  taxation 
of  private  property.  The  rate  of  taxation 
is  $1.50  on  every  §100,  according  to  cash 
valuation. 

There  are  nineteen  trustees  of  public 
schools,  who  are  appointed  by  the  Com- 
missioners, and  they  serve  without  com- 
pensation. 

A  physician  is  appointed  by  the 
Commissioners  to  the  Health  Officer,  at  a 
compensation  of  $3000  a  year,  whose 
duty  it  is,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Commissioners,  to  execute  all  laws  and 
regulations  relating  to  the  public  health 
and  vital  statistics.  They  may  also  ap- 
point, on  the  recommendation  of  the 
Health  Officer,  not  exceeding  six  Sanitary 
Inspectors,  at  a  compensation  of  $1200  a 
year  each,  two  of  whom  must  be  physi- 
cians, and  one  a  person  skilled  in  matters 
of  drainage  and  ventilation. 


SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION. 


SMITHSONIAN   BEQUEST.— WILL    OF 
JAMES  SMITHSON. 

I,  James  Smithson,  son  of  Hugh,  first 
Duke  of  Northumberland,  and  Elizabeth, 
heiress  of  the  Hungerfords  of  Audley, 
and  niece  of  Charles  the  Proud,  Duke 
of  Somerset,  now  residing  in  Bentinck 
Street,  Cavendish  Square,  do  this  23d  day 
of  October,  1826,  make  this  my  last  will 
and  testament. 

I  bequeath  the  whole  of  my  property 
of  every  nature  and  kind  soever  to  my 
bankers,  Messrs.  Drummonds,  of  Charing 
Cross,  in  trust,  to  be  disposed  of  in  the 
following  manner,  and  desire  of  my  said 
executors  to  put  my  property  under  the 
management  of  the  Court  of  Chancery. 
To  John  Fitall,  formerly  my  servant,  but 
now  employed  in  the  London  Docks,  and 
residing  at  No.  27  Jubilee  Place,  North 
Mile  End,  Old  Town,  in  consideration  of 
his  attachment  and  fidelity  to  me,  and  the 
long  and  great  care  he  has  taken  of  my 
effects,  and  my  having  done  but  very 
little  for  him,  I  give  and  bequeath  the 
annuity  or  annual  sum  of  £100  sterling 
for  his  life,  to  be  paid  to  him  quarterly, 
free  from  legacy,  duty,  and  all  other  de- 
ductions, the  first  payment  to  be  made  to 
him  at  the  expiration  of  three  months 
after  my  death.  I  have  at  divers  times 
lent  sums  of  money  to  Henry  Honore 
Juilly,  formerly  my  servant,  but  now 
keeping  the  Hungerford  Hotel,  in  the 
Rue  Caumartin  at  Paris,  and  for  which 
sums  of  money  I  have  undated  bills  or 
bonds  signed  by  him.  Now,  I  will  and 
direct  that  if  he  desires  it,  these  sums  of 
money  be  let  remain  in' his  hands  at  an 
interest  of  five  per  cent,  for  five  years 
after  the  date  of  the  present  will. 

To  Henry  James  Hungerford,  my 
nephew,  heretofore  called  Henry  James 
Dickinson,  son  of  my  late  brother,  Lieut.- 
Col.  Henry  Louis  Dickinson,  now  re- 
siding with  Mr.  Auboin,  at  Bourg  la 
Heine,  near  Paris,  I  give  and  bequeath 
for  his  life  the  whole  of  the  income 

278 


arising  from  my  property  of  every  nature 
and  kind  whatever,  after  the  payment  of 
the  above  annuity,  and  after  the  death 
of  John  Fitall  that  annuity  likewise,  the 
payments  to  be  at  the  time  the  interest 
or  dividends  become  due  on  the  stocks 
or  other  property  from  which  the  income 
arises.  Should  the  said  Henry  James 
Hungerford  have  a  child  or  children, 
legitimate  or  illegitimate,  I  leave  to  such 
child  or  children,  his  or  their  heirs,  ex- 
ecutors, and  assigns,  after  the  death  of 
his,  her,  or  their  father,  the  whole  of  my 
property  of  every  kind  absolutely  and 
forever,  to  be  divided  between  them,  if 
there  is  more  than  one,  in  the  manner 
their  father  shall  judge  proper,  and  in 
case  of  his  omitting  to  decide  this,  as  the 
Lord  Chancellor  shall  judge  proper. 

Should  my  nephew  Henry  James 
Hungerford  marry,  I  empower  him  to 
make  a  jointure. 

In  case  of  the  death  of  my  said  nephew 
without  leaving  a  child  or  children,  or 
of  the  death  of  a  child  or  children  he 
may  have  had  under  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years  or  intestate,  I  then  bequeath 
the  whole  of  my  property,  subject  to  the 
annuity  of  £100  to  John  Fital,  and  for 
the  security  and  payment  of  which  I 
mean  stock  to  remain  in  this  country, 
to  the  United  States  of  America,  to  found 
at  Washington,  under  the  name  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  an  establish- 
ment for  the  increase  and  diffusion  of 
knowledge  among  men. 

I  think  it  proper  here  to  state,  that  all 
the  money  which  will  be  standing  in  the 
French  five  per  cents,  at  my  death  in  the 
names  of  the  father  of  my  above-men- 
tioned nephew,  Henry  James  Hunger- 
ford,  and  all  that  in  my  name,  is  the  prop- 
erty of  my  said  nephew,  being  what  he 
inherited  from  his  father,  or  what  I  have 
laid  up  for  him  from  the  savings  upon 
his  income. 

JAMES  SMITHSON.     [L.S.] 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 


279 


PROGRAMME    OF    ORGANIZATION    OF 
THE  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION.     , 

(Presented  to  the  Board  of  Regents  De- 
cember 8,  1847.) 

BY  PROP.  JOSEPH  HENRY. 

Will  of  Smithson.  The  property  is 
bequeathed  to  the  United  States  of 
America,  to  found  at  Washington,  under 
the  name  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
an  establishment  for  the  increase  and 
diffusion  of  knowledge  among  men. 

The  bequest  is  for  the  benefit  of  man- 
kind. The  Government  of  the  United 
States  is  merely  a  trustee  to  carry  out 
the  design  of  the  testator. 

The  Institution  is  not  a  national  estab- 
lishment, as  is  frequently  supposed,  but 
the  establishment  of  an  individual,  and 
is  to  bear  and  perpetuate  his  name. 

The  objects  of  the  Institution  are,  1st, 
to  increase,  and,  2d,  to  diffuse  knowledge 
among  men. 

These  two  objects  should  not  be  con- 
founded with  one  another.  The  first  is 
to  increase  the  existing  stock  of  knowl- 
edge by  the  addition  of  new  truths,  and 
the  second  to  disseminate  knowledge, 
thus  increased,  among  men. 

The  will  makes  no  restrictions  in  favor 
of  any  particular  kind  of  knowledge, 
hence  all  branches  are  entitled  to  a  share 
of  attention. 

Knowledge  can  be  increased  by  differ- 
ent methods  of  facilitating  and  promoting 
the  discovery  of  new  truths,  and  can  be 
most  efficiently  diffused  among  men  by 
means  of  the  press. 

To  effect  the  greatest  amount  of  good, 
the  organization  should  be  such  as  to 
enable  the  Institution  to  produce  results 
in  the  way  of  increasing  and  diffusing 
knowledge,  which  cannot  be  produced  by 
the  existing  institutions  in  our  country. 

The  organization  should  also  be  such 
as  can  be  adopted  provisionally,  can  be 
easily  reduced  to  practice,  receive  modi- 
fications, or  be  abandoned,  in  whole  or  in 
part,  without  a  sacrifice  of  the  funds. 

[n  order  to  make  up  for  the  loss  of 
time  occasioned  by  the  delay  of  eight 
years  in  establishing  the  Institution,  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  interest  which 
has  accrued  should  be  added  to  the  prin- 
cipal. 

In  proportion  to  the  wide  fields  of 
knowledge  to  be  cultivated  the  funds  are 
small.  Economy  should  therefore  be  con- 
sulted in  the  construction  of  the  building 
and  not  only  should  the  first  cost  of  the 
edifice  be  considered,  but  also  the  con- 


tinual expense  of  keeping  it  in  repair, 
and  of  the  support  of  the  establishment 
necessarily  connected  with  it.  There 
should  also  be  but  few  individuals  per- 
manently supported  by  the  Institution. 

The  plan  and  dimensions  of  the  build- 
ing should  be  determined  by  the  plan  of 
organization,  and  not  the  converse. 

It  should  be  recollected  that  mankind 
in  general  are  to  be  benefited  by  the  be- 
quest, and  that,  therefore,  all  unnecessary 
expenditure  on  local  objects  would  be  a 
perversion  of  the  trust. 

Besides  the  foregoing  considerations, 
deducted  immediately  from  the  will  of 
Smithson,  regard  must  be  had  to  certain 
requirements  of  the  act  of  Congress  es- 
tablishing the  Institution.  These  are  a 
library,  a  museum,  and  a  gallery  of  art, 
with  a  building  on  a  liberal  scale  to  con- 
tain them. 


PLAN  OF  ORGANIZATION,  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH 
THE  SMITHSON  WILL. 

To  increase  knowledge,  it  is  proposed : 

To  stimulate  men  of  talent  to  make 

original  researches,  by  offering  suitable 

rewards    for   memoirs    containing    new 

truths  5  and 

To  appropriate  annually  a  portion  of 
the    income    for   particular    researches, 
under  the  direction  of  suitable  persons. 
To  diffuse  knowledge,  it  is  proposed  : 
To  publish  a  series  of  periodical  re- 
ports  on    the    progress   of  the  different 
branches  of  knowledge  ;  and 

To  publish  occasionally  separate  trea- 
tises on  subjects  of  general  interest. 

DETAILS  OF  THE  PLAN  TO  INCREASE  KNOWL- 
EDGE. 

By  stimulating  researches. 

Rewards,  consisting  of  money,  medals, 
etc.,  offered  for  original  memoirs  on  all 
branches  of  knowledge. 

The  memoirs  thus  obtained  to  be  pub- 
lished in  a  series  of  volumes,  in  a  quarto 
form,  and  entitled  Smithsonian  Contri- 
butions to  Knowledge. 

No  memoir  on  subjects  of  physical 
science  to  be  accepted  for  publication 
which  does  not  furnish  a  positive  addition 
to  human  knowledge  resting  on  original 
research,  and  all  unverified'speculations 
to  be  rejected. 

Each  memoir  presented  to  the  Institu- 
tion to  be  submitted  for  examination  to  a 
commission  of  persons  of  reputation  for 
learning  in  the  branch  to  which  the  me- 
moir pertains,  and  to  be  accepted  for 


280 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 


publication  only  in  case  the  report  of 
this  commission  is  favorable. 

The  commission  to  be  chosen  by  the 
officers  of  the  Institution,  and  the  name 
of  the  author,  as  far  as  practicable,  con- 
cealed, unless  a  favorable  decision  be 
made. 

The  volumes  of  the  memoirs  to  be 
exchanged  for  the  transactions  of  literary 
and  scientific  societies,  and  copies  to  be 
given  to  all  the  colleges  and  principal 
libraries  in  this  country.  One  part  of 
the  remaining  copies  may  be  offered  for 
sale,  and  the  other  carefully  preserved, 
to  form  complete  sets  of  the  volumes,  to 
supply  the  demand  from  new  institu- 
tions. 

An  abstract,  or  popular  account  of  the 
contents  of  these  memoirs,  to  be  given  to 
the  public  through  the  annual  report  of 
the  llegents  to  Congress. 

By  appropriating  a  portion  of  the  in- 
come annually  to  special  objects  of  re- 
search, under  the  directions  of  suitable 
persons. 

The  objects  and  the  amounts  to  be  ap- 
propriated to  be  recommended  by  Coun- 
sellors of  the  Institution. 

Appropriations  in  different  years  to 
different  objects,  so  that  in  course  of  time 
each  branch  of  knowledge  may  receive  a 
share. 

The  results  obtained  from  these  appro- 
priations to  be  published,  with  the 
memoirs  before  mentioned,  in  the  vol- 
umes of  the  Smithsonian  Contributions 
to  Knowledge. 

EXAMPLES   OF    OBJECTS    FOR   WHICH   APPRO- 
PRIATIONS   MAT    BE    MADE. 

System  of  extended  meteorological  ob- 
servations, for  solving  the  problem  of 
American  storms. 

Explorations  in  descriptive  natural 
history,  and  geological,  magnetical,  and 
topographical  surveys;  to  collect  ma- 
terials for  the  formation  of  a  physical 
atlas  of  the  United  States. 

Solution  of  experimental  problems, 
such  as  a  new  determination  of  the 
weight  of  the  earth  ;  of  the  velocity  of 
electricity  and  of  light ;  chemical  an- 
alyses of  soils  and  plants  •,  collection  and 
publication  of  articles  of  science  accumu- 
lated in  the  offices  of  Government. 

Institution  of  statistical  inquiries,  with 
reference  to  physical,  moral,  and  political 
subjects. 

Historical  researches,  and  accurate 
surveys  of  places  celebrated  in  American 
history. 

Ethnological    researches,    particularly 


with  reference  to  the  different  races  of 
men  in  North  America  ;  also  explorations 
and  accurate  surveys  of  the  mounds  and 
other  remains  of  the  ancient  people  of  our 
country. 

DETAILS  OF  THE   PLAN  FOR  DIFFUSING 
KNOWLEDGE. 

By  the  publication  of  a  series  of  re- 
ports, giving  an  account  of  the  new  dis- 
coveries in  science,  and  of  the  changes 
made  from  year  to  year  in  all  branches 
of  knowledge  not  strictly  professional. 

These  reports  will  diffuse  a  kind  of 
knowledge  generally  interesting,  but 
which,  at  present,  is  inaccessible  to  the 
public.  Some  of  the  reports  may  be  pub- 
lished annually,  others  at  longer  inter- 
vals, as  the  income  of  the  Institution  or 
the  changes  in  the  branches  of  knowledge 
may  indicate. 

The  reports  are  to  be  prepared  by  col- 
laborators eminent  in  the  different 
branches  of  knowledge. 

Each  collaborator  to  be  furnished  with 
the  journals  and  publications,  domestic 
and  foreign,  necessary  to  the  compilation 
of  his  report ;  to  be  paid  a  certain  sum 
for  his  labors,  and  to  be  named  on  the 
title-page  of  the  report. 

The  reports  to  be  published  in  separate 
parts,  so  that  persons  interested  in  a  par- 
ticular branch  can  procure  the  parts  re- 
lating to  it  without  purchasing  the  whole. 

These  reports  may  be  presented  to 
Congress  for  partial  distribution,  the  re- 
maining copies  to  be  given  to  literary 
and  scientific  institutions,  and  sold  to  in- 
dividuals for  a  moderate  price. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  subjects 
which  may  be  embraced  in  the  report: 

Physics,  including  astronomy,  natural 
philosophy,  chemistry,  and  meteorology. 

Natural  history,  including  botany,  zoo- 
logy, geology,  etc. 

Agriculture. 

Application  of  science  to  arts. 

Ethnology,  including  particular  his- 
tory, comparative  philology,  antiquities, 
etc. 

Statistics  and  political  economy. 

Mental  and  moral  philosophy. 

A  survey  of  the  political  events  of  the 
world  ;  penal  reform,  etc. 

Modern  literature. 

The  fine  arts,  and  their  application  to 
the  useful  arts. 

Bibliography. 

Obituary  notices  of  distinguished  indi- 
viduals. 

By  the  publication  of  separate  treatises 
on  subjects  of  general  interest. 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 


281 


These  treatises  may  occasionally  con- 
sist of  valuable  memoirs,  translated  from 
foreign  languages,  or  of  articles  prepared 
under  the  directions  of  the  Institution,  or 
procured  by  offering  premiums  for  the 
best  exposition  of  a  given  subject. 

The  treatises  should  in  all  cases  be 
submitted  to  a  commission  of  competent 
judges  previous  to  their  publication. 

As  examples  of  these  treatises,  ex- 
positions may  be  obtained  of  the  present 
state  of  the  several  branches  of  knowledge 
mentioned  in  the  table  of  reports.  Also 
of  the  following  subjects,  suggested  by 
the  committee  on  the  organization,  viz.  : 
the  statistics  of  labor,  the  productive  arts 
of  life,  public. instructions,  etc. 

THE  PLAN  OP  ORGANIZATION,  IN  ACCORDANCE 
WITH  THE  TERMS  OP  THE  RESOLUTION  OF  THE 
BOARD  OP  REGENTS,  PROVIDING  FOR  THE 
Two  MODKS  OF  INCREASING  AND  DIFFUSING 
KNOWLEDGE. 

The  act  of  Congress  establishing  the 
Institution  contemplated  the  formation 
of  a  library  and  a  museum  ;  and  the 
Board  of  Regents  including  these  objects 
in  the  plan  of  organization,  resolved  to 
divide  the  income  into  two  equal  parts. 

One  part  to  be  appropriated  to  increase 
and  diffuse  knowledge  by  means  of  pub- 
lications and  researches,  agreeable  to  the 
scheme  before  given.  The  other  part  to 
be  appropriated  to  the  formation  of  a 
library  and  a  collection  of  objects  of  na- 
ture and  of  art. 

These  two  plans  are  not  incompatible 
with  one  another. 

To  carry  out  the  plan  before  described, 
a  library  will  be  required,  consisting, 
1st.  Of  a  complete  collection  of  the  trans- 
actions and  proceedings  of  all  the  learned 
societies  in  the  world.  2d.  Of  the  more 
important  current  periodical  publications, 
and  other  works  necessary  in  preparing 
the  periodical  reports. 

The  Institution  should  make  special 
collections,  particularly  of  objects  to  verify 
its  own  publications. 

Also  a  collection  of  instruments  of  re- 
search in  all  branches  of  experimental 
science. 

With  reference  to  the  collection  of 
books,  other  than  those  mentioned  above, 
catalogues  of  all  the  different  libraries  in 
the  United  States  should  be  procured,  in 
order  that  the  valuable  books  first  pur- 
chased may  be  such  as  are  not  to  be 
found  in  the  United  States. 

Also  catalogues  of  memoirs,  and  of 
books  in  foreign  libraries,  and  other  ma- 
terials, should  be  collected  for  rendering 


the  Institution  a  centre  of  bibliograph- 
ical knowledge,  whence  the  student  may 
be  directed  to  any  work  which  he  may 
require. 

It  is  believed  that  the  collections  in 
natural  history  will  increase  by  donation 
as  rapidly  as  the  income  of  the  Institu- 
tion can  make  provision  for  their  recep- 
tion, and  therefore  it  will  seldom  be 
necessary  to  purchase  any  articles  of  the 
kind. 

Attempts  should  be  made  to  procure 
for  the  gallery  of  art  casts  of  the  most 
celebrated  articles  of  ancient  and  modern 
sculpture. 

The  arts  may  be  encouraged  by  pro- 
viding a  room,  free  of  expense,  for  the 
exhibition  of  the  objects  of  the  Art 
Union  and  other  similar  societies. 

A  small  appropriation  should  annually 
be  made  for  models  of  antiquities,  such 
as  those  of  the  remains  of  ancient  tem- 
ples, etc. 

The  duty  of  the  Secretary  will  be  the 
general  superintendence,  with  the  advice 
of  the  Chancellor  and  other  members  of 
the  establishment,  of  the  literary  and 
scientific  operations  of  the  Institution ; 
to  give  to  the  Regents,  annually,  an  ac- 
count of  all  of  the  transactions  ;  of  the 
memoirs  which  have  been  received  for 
publication  ;  of  the  researches  which 
have  been  made ;  and  to  edit,  with  the 
assistance  of  the  Librarian,  the  publica- 
tions of  the  Institution. 

The  duty  of  the  Assistant  Secretary, 
acting  as  Librarian,  will  be  to  assist  in 
taking  charge  of  the  collections,  to  select 
and  purchase,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Secretary,  and  a  committee  of  the  Board, 
books  and  catalogues,  and  to  procure  the 
information  before  mentioned;  to  give 
information  on  plans  of  libraries,  and  to 
assist  the  Secretary  in  editing  the  publi- 
cations of  the  Institution,  and  in  the  other 
duties  of  his  office. 

The  Secretary  and  his  assistants,  dur- 
ing the  session  of  Congress,  will  be  re- 
quired to  illustrate  new  discoveries  in 
science,  and  to  exhibit  new  objects  of  art ; 
also  distinguished  individuals  should  be 
invited  to  give  lectures  on  subjects  of 
general  interest. 


OFFICERS    OF    THE    SMITHSONIAN 
INSTITUTION. 

Presiding  Officer  (ex  qffido].  —  The 
President  of  the  United  States. 

Chancellor.— The  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States. 

Fourteen   Regents,    consisting   of   the 


282 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 


Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  the 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  three 
members  each  of  the  United  States  Sen- 
ate and  House  of  Representatives,  and 
six  distinguished  citizens. 

Members  ex  officio  of  the  Institution  : 

The  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States. 

The  Secretary  of  State,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  Secretary  of  War,  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Post- 
master-General, Attorney-General,  and 
Commissioner  of  Patents. 


ACTIVE  OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES. 

Per  Annum. 

Secretary  and  Director  of  the  Institu- 
tion  $4500 

Chief  clerk 2500 

Corresponding  clerk 1800 

1  clerk 1200 

1  »    1000 

2  clerks,  each 900 

1  clerk 780 

1  «    750 

2  clerks,  each 600 

1  clerk 552 

2  clerks,  each 540 

1  laborer 480 


COMMISSIONER   OF   FISH   AND    FISHERIES 


The  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries 
was  authorized  by  act  of  Congress  of 
February  9,  1871.  The  Commissioner  is 
appointed  by  the  President,  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  from 
among  the  civil  officers  or  employes  of 
the  Government,  and  must  be  a  person 
of  proved  scientific  and  practical  ac- 
quaintance with  the  fishes  of  the  coast, 
and  who  must  serve  without  additional 
salary. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  to 
prosecute  investigations  and  inquiries 
on  the  subject  of  fish,  with  the  view 
of  ascertaining  whether  any  and  what 


diminution  in  number  of  the  food-fishes 
of  the  coast  and  the  lakes  of  the  United 
States  has  taken  place  ;  and,  if  so,  to 
what  causes  the  same  is  due ;  and  also 
whether  any  and  what  protective,  pro- 
hibitory, or  precautionary  measures 
should  be  adopted  in  the  premises. 

The  Commissioner  may  take  at  all 
times  from  the  waters  of  the  sea-coast  of 
the  United  States  where  the  tide  ebbs 
and  flows,  and  also  from  the  waters  of 
the  lakes,  such  fish  or  specimen  thereof 
as  may  in  his  judgment,  from  time  to 
time,  be  needful  or  proper  for  the  con- 
duct of  his  duties. 


283 


APPOINTMENTS. 


HOW  APPOINTMENTS  TO  ALL  GOVEKNMENT  OFFICES— CIVIL, 
MILITAKY,  AND  NAVAL— AKE  MADE,  SHOWING  BY  WHAT 
AUTHOKITY,  IN  WHAT  MANNER,  THE  TESTS  REQUIRED,  AND 
THEIR  TERM  OR  TENURE  OF  OFFICE. 


UNITED  STATES  SENATE. 

ELECTED   BY   THE   SENATE. 

Secretary,  chief  clerk,  executive  clerk, 
principal  legislative  clerk,  chaplain,  offi- 
cial reporter,  sergeant-at-arms  and  door- 
keeper, and  postmaster. 

APPOINTED    BY   THE    PRESIDENT   OF 
THE  SENATE. 

A  private  secretary  and  one  messenger. 

APPOINTED    BY    THE    SECRETARY  OF 
THE  SENATE. 

Journal  clerk,  financial  clerk,  en- 
rolling clerk,  the  other  clerks  employed 
in  the  Secretary's  office,  librarian,  assist- 
ant librarian,  keeper  of  stationery,  as- 
sistant keeper  of  stationery,  messenger, 
special  policeman,  page,  and  laborers. 

APPOINTED   BY   THE    SERGEANT-AT- 
ARMS. 

Assistant  doorkeeper,  acting  assistant 
doorkeepers,  clerk  to  sergeant-at-arms, 
assistant  postmaster,  assistants  in  post- 
office,  superintendent  of  document-room, 
assistants  in  document-room,  superin-1 
tendent  of  folding-room,  assistant  super- 
intendent of  folding-room,  messengers, 
telegraph  operator,  chief  engineer,  as- 
sistant engineers,  firemen,  laborers, 
pages,  female  attendant,  and  folders. 

COMMITTEE   CLERKS. 

Clerks  of  Senate  committees  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  chairmen  thereof,  respec- 
tively. 

284 


A  messenger  to  Committee  on  Appro- 
priations is  appointed  by  the  committeo 

HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

ELECTED  BY  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRE- 
SENTATIVES. 

Clerk  of  the  House,  sergeant-at-arms, 
doorkeeper,  postmaster,  and  chaplain. 

APPOINTED  BY  THE   SPEAKER. 

Private  secretary,  two  clerks,  mes- 
senger, official  reporters  and  stenog- 
raphers, and  telegraph  operator. 

APPOINTED   BY  THE   CLERK. 

Chief  clerk,  journal  clerk,  file  clerk, 
disbursing  clerk,  assistant  disbursing 
clerk,  reading  clerks,  and  other  clerks  in 
the  service  of  the  House,  superintendent 
of  document  room,  House  librarian  and 
assistants,  and  messengers. 

APPOINTED    BY    THE    SERGEANT-AT- 
ARMS. 

Cashier,  paying  teller,  messenger, 
laborer,  and  page. 

APPOINTED  BY  THE  DOORKEEPER. 

Assistant  doorkeeper,  clerk  to  door- 
keeper, file  clerk  to  doorkeeper,  clerks, 
messengers,  superintendent  of  folding- 
room,  chief  clerk  in  folding- room,  clerks 
in  folding-room,  janitor,  superintendent 
of  the  document-room  attached  to  fold- 
ing-room, assistant  superintendent  of  the 


APPOINTMENTS. 


285 


document-room  attached  to  folding-room, 
folders,  pages,  laborers,  and  cloak-room 
men. 

APPOINTED  BY  THE  POSTMASTER. 

Assistant  postmaster,  messengers,  and 
laborer. 

COMMITTEE   CLERKS. 

Clerks,  assistant  clerks,  messengers, 
etc.,  to  committees  of  the  House  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  chairmen  of  the  commit- 
tees, respectively. 

APPOINTED  BY  THE  ARCHITECT  OF 
THE  CAPITOL,  SUBJECT  TO  AP- 
PROVAL BY  THE  SPEAKER. 

Electrician,  chief  engineer,  assistant 
engineers,  firemen,  and  laborer. 

All  engineers  and  others  engaged  in 
ventilating  the  House. 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS  AS  TO  CLERKS 
IN  THE  SEVERAL  DEPARTMENTS. 

The  clerks  in  the  Executive  Depart- 
ments are  arranged  in  six  classes,  dis- 
tinguished as  the  $900  (per  annum), 
$1000,  first  ($1200),  second  ($1400),  third 
($1600),  fourth  ($1800)  classes. 

No  clerk  can  be  appointed  in  either  of 
the  four  classes — i.e.,  first,  second,  third, 
or  fourth — until  he  or  she  has  been  ex- 
amined and  found  qualified  by  a  board 
of  three  examiners,  to  consist  of  the 
chief  of  bureau,  or  office,  into  which  such 
clerk  is  to  be  appointed,  and  two  other 
clerks,  to  be  selected  by  the  head  of  the 
Department. 

The  disbursing  clerks  authorized  for 
each  Department  must  be  appointed  by 
the  heads  of  the  Departments,  respec- 
tively, from  the  list  of  clerks  of  the  fourth 
class  ($1800  per  annum). 

STATE  DEPARTMENT. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

Ey  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  an  Unlimited  Term,  or 
during  the  Pleasure  of  the  President. 

The  Secretary  of  State. 
The  Assistant  Secretaries  of  State. 
Envoys   Extraordinary  and   Ministers 
Plenipotentiary. 
Ministers  Resident. 
Charges  d' Affaires. 
Secretaries  of  Legation. 
Consuls-General. 
Consuls. 
Commercial  Agents. 


BY  THE  PRESIDENT  ALONE. 
Interpreters  and  consular  clerks. 

BY  THE  SECRETARY  OP  STATE. 
Unlimited  Term. 

Chief  clerk,  chiefs  of  bureaus,  trans- 
lator, clerks  of  the  several  classes,  mes- 
sengers, watchmen,  laborers,  and  other 
employes  of  the  Department. 

Vice-consuls-general,  vice-consuls,  de- 
puty consuls-general,  vice-commercial 
agents,  deputy  consuls,  and  deputy  com- 
mercial agents  are  appointed  under  reg- 
ulations prescribed  by  the  President  in 
the  following  manner  :  by  the  Secretary 
of  State,  on  the  nomination  of  the  prin- 
cipal consular  officer,  approved  by  the 
consul-general,  or  if  there  be  no  consul- 
general,  then  by  the  minister. 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING-OFFICE. 

The  Public  Printer  is  appointed  by  the 
President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  for  an  unlimited 
term,  and  he  must  be  a  practical  printer, 
and  versed  in  the  art  of  book-binding. 

The  Public  Printer  appoints  or  em- 
ploys all  persons  in  this  office. 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  an  Unlimited  Term. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  Assistant  Secretaries. 

Supervising  Inspector-General  of  Steam 
Vessels. 

Supervising  Surgeon-General  of  the 
Marine  Hospital  Service. 

First  Comptroller 

Second  Comptroller. 

Commissioner  of  Customs. 

First  Auditor.  Second  Auditor. 

Third  Auditor.  Fourth  Auditor. 

Fifth  Auditor.  Sixth  Auditor. 

Treasurer.  .Register. 

Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue. 

Deputy  First  Comptroller. 

Deputy  Second  Comptroller. 

Deputy  Commissioner  of  Customs. 

Deputy  First  Auditor. 

Deputy  Second  Auditor. 

Deputy  Third  Auditor. 

Deputy  Fourth  Auditor. 

Deputy  Fifth  Auditor. 

Deputy  Sixth  Auditor. 

Assistant  Treasurer. 


286 


APPOINTMENTS. 


Assistant  Register. 

Deputy  Comptroller  of  the  Currency. 

Deputy  Commissioner  of  Internal 
Revenue. 

Superintendent  of  the  Life-saving  Ser- 
vice. 

MINT  OFFICERS. 

CARSON,  NEVADA. 

Superintendent,  assayer,  coiner,  melter 
and  refiner. 

DENVER,  COLORADO. 
Assayer  in  charge,  melter  and  refiner. 

NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISIANA. 

Superintendent,  assayer,  coiner,  melter 
and  refiner. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Superintendent,  assayer,  coiner,  en- 
graver, melter  and  refiner. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA. 

Superintendent,  assayer,  coiner,  melter 
and  refiner. 


ASSAY  OFFICES. 

Assayer,  Boise  City,  Idaho. 

Superintendent,  New  York,  New  York. 

Assayer,  New  York,  New'York. 

Melter  and  refiner,  New  York,  New 
York. 

Assayer  and  melter,  Charlotte,  North 
Carolina. 

Assayer  in  charge,  Helena,  Montana. 

Melter,  Helena,  Montana. 


Assistant  collectors  of  customs. 

Appraisers  of  customs. 

Collectors  of  internal  revenue. 

Examiners  of  drugs. 

Supervising  inspectors  of  steam  ves- 
sels. 

The  members  of  the  National  Board 
of  Health,  three  of  whom  are  officers 
detailed  from  Departments. 

REVENUE  MARINE  SERVICE. 

Captains. 
First  lieutenants. 
Second  lieutenants. 
Third  lieutenants. 
Chief  engineers. 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE 
INFORMATION  AND  GUIDANCE  OF 
APPLICANTS  FOR  POSITIONS  IN  THE 
UNITED  STATES  REVENUE  MARINE 
SERVICE. 

No  person  will  be  originally  appointed 
to  a  higher  grade  than  Cadet,  or  second 
assistant  engineer ;  nor  until  he  shall 
have  passed  a  physical  and  professional 
examination.  The  physical  examination 
shall  precede  the  professional,  and  if  a 
candidate  be  condemned  physically,  he 
will  not  be  examined  further. 

A  candidate  for  an  appointment  as 
second  assistant  engineer  must  be  not  less 
than  twenty-one  nor  more  than  thirty 
years  of  age  ;  he  must  be  of  good  moral 
character  and  correct  habits ;  he  must 
have  worked  not  less  than  eighteen 
months  in  a  steam-engine  manufactory, 
or  else  have  served  not  less  than  that 
period  as  an  engineer  on  board  a  steamer 
provided  with  a  condensing  engine,  and 
must  produce  favor  able  testimonials  from 
the  director  or  head  engineer  as  to  his 
ability  ;  he  must  be  able  to  describe  and 
sketch  all  the  different  parts  of  the  ma- 
rine steam-engine  and  boilers,  and  explain 
their  uses  and  mechanical  operation,  the 
manner  of  putting  them  in  operation, 
regulating  their  action,  and  guarding 
against  danger. 

He  must  be  well  acquainted  with  arith- 
metic, rudimentary  mechanics,  write  a 
fair  legible  hand,  and  have  some  knowl- 
edge of  the  chemistry  of  combustion  and 
corrosion. 

Candidates  who  exhibit  the  highest  de- 
gree of  practical  experience  and  profes- 
sional skill  will  be  given  the  preference, 
both  in  admission  and  promotion. 

Any  person  producing  a  false  certifi- 
cate of  age,  time  of  service,  or  character, 
or  making  a  false  statement  to  a  board 
of  examination  will  be  dropped  imme- 
diately. 

CADETS. 

1.  No  person  will  be  appointed  a  Cadet 
in  the  Revenue  Marine  Service  who  does 
not  furnish  satisfactory  evidence  of  good 
moral  character,  and  that  he  is  of  sober 
and  correct  habits. 

2.  Candidates  must  be  not  less  than 
eighteen  nor  more  than  twenty-five  years 
of  age,  and  no  person  will  be  appointed 
whose  age  is  not  within  these  limits. 

3.  Candidates  will  be  required  to  pass 
a   satisfactory    examination   as   to   their 
physical   qualifications,   by  a   board  of 
medical  officers,  to  be  designated  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury.     They  must 


APPOINTMENTS. 


287 


be  of  robust  constitution,  physically 
sound  and  well  formed,  and  not  be  less 
than  five  feet  in  stature. 

4.  The  candidates  must  pass  a  satis- 
factory examination  before  a  board  of 
officers,  to  be  designated  by  the  Secretary 
of   the    Treasury,   in    reading,    writing, 
spelling,  arithmetic,  geography,  and  Eng- 
lish grammar.    All  the  examinations,  ex- 
cept in  reading,  will  be  written. 

5.  A  standard  for  proficiency  will  be 
fixed,  and  if  candidates  fall  below  such 
standard,  they  will  receive  a  second  and 
final    examination    in    the    subjects    on 
which  they  fail.     Deficiency  in  any  one 
of  the  subjects  on  the  second  examina- 
tion will  be  sufficient  to  cause  the  rejec- 
tion of  the  candidate. 

6.  Candidates  who  pass  the  required 
standard  in  both  the  physical  and  mental 
examinations  will  be  eligible  for  appoint- 
ment, and  will  be  placed  upon  a  list  in 
the  order  of  the  proficiency  exhibited  by 
them  in  their  examinations  respectively, 
and  from  this  list  names  will  be  selected 
for  appointment  to  all  existing  vacancies, 

.  and  from  time  to  time  to  fill  such  as  may 
occur  before  the  convening  of  another 
examining  board. 

It  is  to  be  observed,  however,  that  the 
passing  of  the  required  standard  does 
not  guarantee  a  candidate's  appointment, 
as  the  list  may  not  be  exhausted  before 
the  convening  of  a  subsequent  examining 
board. 

7.  Upon  receiving  appointments,  can- 
didates will  be  required  to  take  the  pre- 
scribed oath  of  office. 

8.  Cadets  will  be  required  to  provide 
themselves  with  the  proper  uniform,  and 
to  wear  the  same  on  board  the  vessels  to 
which  they  may  be  assigned,  and  upon 
all  occasions  of  duty. 

9.  Cadets  will  be  appointed  for. a  pro- 
bationary period   of  two  years,   during 
which  time  they  will  be  required  to  pur- 
sue such  course  of  study  as  may  here- 
after be  prescribed,   and   perform    such 
duties  on  board  ship,  or  elsewhere  in  the 
service,  as  may  be  required  of  them,  and 
at  the   end  of  two  years  they  will  be 
examined  for  promotion  to  the  grade  of 
third  lieutenant. 

PHYSICAL   EXAMINATION. 

In  the  physical  examination  any  one 
of  the  following  defects  will  be  sufficient 
cause  for  rejection,  viz.  : 

Decided  cachexia,  or  predisposition. 

Defects  of  either  of  the  extremities  or 
articulations,  causing  permanent  ineffi- 
ciency. 


Unnatural  curvature  of  spine,  or  other 
deformity. 

Impaired  vision,  or  chronic  disease  of 
the  visual  organs. 

Apoplexy,  epilepsy,  or  tendency  to  con- 
vulsions. 

Chronic  affection  or  disease  of  the  ears, 
chronic  nasal  catarrh,  polypi,  or  serious 
tonsillar  enlargement. 

Tubercular  or  strumous  diathesis 

Chronic  ulcers. 

Chronic  cardiac  affections. 

Hernia,  sarcocele,  hydrocele,  varic- 
ocele,  stricture,  fistula,  or  hemorrhoids. 

Large  varicose  veins  of  lower  limbs. 

Besides  the  above,  any  other  physical 
deformity  or  abnormal  condition,  of  such 
character  as  to  incapacitate  the  candidate 
for  the  performance  of  his  duties,  will  be 
cause  for  rejection. 

A  careful  discretion  will  be  exercised 
in  the  consideration  of  the  foregoing  con- 
ditions, and  no  candidate  who  is  likely  to 
prove  physically  efficient  will  be  rejected 
on  the  physical  examination. 

The  following  is  the  general  scope  of 
the  examination  required,  to  wit: 

ARITHMETIC. — Notation  and  Numera- 
tion.—Candidates  will  be  required  to  ex- 
plain the  Roman  and  Arabic  systems  of 
notation,  and  to  write  in  words  and  ex- 
press in  figures  any  given  number. 

Compound  Numbers. — Addition,  sub- 
traction, multiplication,  and  division  of 
compound  numbers,  embracing  denomi- 
nations of  money,  weights,  and  measures 
in  common  use ;  the  number  of  cubic 
inches  in  a  gallon;  reduction  of  differ- 
ences in  longitude  to  their  equivalents  in 
time,  and  vice  versa. 

Properties  of  Numbers. — Including  res- 
olution into  prime  factors,  finding  greatest 
common  divisor  and  least  common  mul- 
tiple, the  divisibility  of  numbers,  etc. 

Fractions. — Common  and  decimal  frac- 
tions, with  methods  of  contracted  multi- 
plications and  divisions  of  the  latter,  and 
reasons  for  inverting  divisor,  cancellation 
of  common  factors,  etc.,  in  processes  in- 
volving the  former. 

Ratio  and  Proportion,  and  Percentage, 
Interest  and  Discount.  —  Including  ex- 
planation of  the  nature  of  each,  and  the 
solution  of  examples. 

Mensuration  and  Evolution. — Including 
measurementof  surfaces  and  volumes,  and 
extraction  of  square  and  cube  roots. 

Practical  Questions. — Under  this  head, 
problems  involving  processes  under  the 
various  subjects  treated  of  in  arithmetic 
will  be  given  for  solution,  as  a  test  of  the 
power  of  analysis  of  candidates.  A 


288 


APPOINTMENTS. 


thorough  knowledge  of  arithmetic  will  be 
insisted  upon  in  all  cases. 

GRAMMAR. — The  examination  in  this 
branch  will  embrace  the  whole  of  English 
grammar,  with  every  subject  of  which 
candidates  must  be  familiar  ;  nouns,  their 
classification,  person,  number,  gender, 
case,  and,  under  these,  the  rules  for  the 
formation  of  the  plurals  of  proper  names, 
and  of  irregular  nouns,  the  different  uses 
of  the  three  cases,  etc.  ;  articles,  and  their 
uses;  adjectives,  and  the  rules  for  their 
comparison,  etc.  ;  numerals,  and  their 
classification  ;  classification  of  pronouns, 
peculiarities  in  the  use  of  personal  pro- 
nouns;  the  uses  of  compound  personal 
pronouns  ;  the  double  uses  of  relatives, 
and  the  distinctions  in  their  application  ; 
compound  relative  pronouns,  interroga- 
tives,  adjective  pronouns,  and  their  classi- 
fication ;  verbs,  their  classification  and 
conjugation ;  the  distinctions  between 
transitive  and  intransitive;  regular  and 
irregular  verbs,  and  their  principal  parts  ; 
auxiliary  verbs  and  their  uses  ;  imper- 
sonal verbs,  voice,  moods,  tense,  number, 
and  person,  etc. ;  participles,  and  their 
uses  ;  adverbs,  with  rules  for  use,  and 
their  classification  ;  conjunctive  adverbs  ; 
prepositions,  interjections,  and  conjunc- 
tions; rules  of  construction  ;  correction 
of  false  syntax. 

Parsing,  of  which  the  following  is  a 
sample : 

Noun. — Class,  gender,  person,  number, 
and  case,  and  its  relations.  Article. — 
Definite  or  indefinite,  and  what  it  quali- 
fies. Adjective. — Class,  comparison,  noun 
which  it  qualifies.  Pronouns. — Whether 
personal,  relative,  interrogative,  or  ad- 
jective ;  gender,  person,  number,  and 
case ;  if  relative,  its  antecedent ;  if  ad- 
jective, the  noun  it  qualifies.  Verb. — 
Class,  form,  principal  parts,  mood,  tense, 
person,  number,  subject.  Adverb. — Class, 
comparison,  relation.  Preposition.  — 
"Words  related  by  it.  Interjection. — Kind 
of  emotion  expressed.  Conjunction. — 
Class,  words  or  sentences  connected. 

READING. —  Exercise  in  reading  aloud 
will  be  required. 

WRITING. — Candidates  will  be  required 
to  write  a  letter  of  not  less  than  two  pages, 
as  a  test  of  penmanship  and  composition. 

SPELLING. — A  written  exercise  in  spell- 
ing, of  not  less  than  thirty  words,  will  be 
required,  and  failure  to  pass  the  minimum 
standard  in  spelling  will  be  sufficient 
cause  of  itself  for  rejection  of  the  candi- 
date. 

GEOGRAPHY.  —  The  examination  will 
embrace  questions  on  the  grand  divisions 


of  land  and  water ;  the  direction  and  posi- 
tion of  mountain  chains,  and  locality  of 
principal  peaks  ;  location  and  course  of 
rivers  and  their  tributaries ;  position  of 
seas,  gulfs,  bays,  and  lakes  ;  position  and 
boundaries  of  political  divisions  of  land, 
and  location  of  their  capital  cities  ;  posi- 
tion and  direction  of  peninsulas  and  situ- 
ation of  capes  ;  straits,  sounds,  channels, 
and  canals  ;  position  and  political  con- 
nection of  important  islands  ;  locality  of 
cities  of  historical,  political,  or  commer- 
cial importance ;  character  and  general 
directions  of  coast  lines. 


BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  a  term  of  Five  Years. 

Director  of  the  Mint. 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  a  Term  of  Four  Years. 

Assistant  Treasurers  at  Baltimore, 
Maryland;  Boston,  Massachusetts  ;  Chi- 
cago, Illinois  ;  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ;  New 
Orleans,  Louisiana ;  New  York  City, 
New  York  ;  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania  ; 
St.  Louis,  Missouri ;  San  Francisco,  Cal- 
ifornia. 

Collectors,  surveyors,  and  naval  officers 
of  customs. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT  ALONE. 

The  Superintendent  of  the  Coast  and 
Geodetic  Survey. 

BY  THE  SEC'Y  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

The  chief  clerk,  disbursing  clerks, 
chiefs  of  divisions,  chief  of  the  Bureau 
of  Engraving  and  Printing,  assistant 
superintendent  Life-Saving  Service,  as- 
sistant chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Engraving 
and  Printing,  the  supervising  architect, 
assistant  supervising  architect  and  chief 
clerk,  clerks  of  the  several  classes,  fourth, 
third,  second,  first,  $1000,  and  $900. 

Every  application  for  a  clerkship  in 
the  Treasury  Department  should  be  made, 
in  the  handwriting  of  the  applicant,  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  It  must 
be  dated,  and  must  state  :  (1)  Applicant's 
name  in  full ;  (2)  place  and  date  of  birth  ; 
(3)  legal  residence  (including  the  town 
or  municipality  as  well  as  the  State  or 
1  Territory),  and  how  long  it  has  been 


APPOINTMENTS. 


289 


such ;  (4)  post-office  address ;  (5)  educa- 
tion ;  (6)  occupation,  past  and  present; 
(7)  whether  ever  employed  in  the  civil 
service  of  the  United  States,  and,  if  so, 
when,  how  long,  in  what  branch  and 
capacity,  and  reasons  for  leaving  the  ser- 
vice; and  (8)  whether  ever  in  the  regular 
or  volunteer  army  or  navy,  and,  if  so, 
when,  and  in  what  organization  and 
capacity. 

Candidates  for  appointment  will  be 
subjected  to  a  written  examination  upon 
the  following  subjects ; 

(1)  Penmanship;  (2)  writing  and  brief- 
ing letters ;  (3)  elements  of  English  gram- 
mar, chiefly  orthography  and  syntax  ;  (4) 
arithmetic:  fundamental  rules,  fractions, 
percentage,  interest,  and  discount ;  (5) 
elements  of  accounts  and  book-keeping ; 
(6)  history  and  geography  ;  general  ques- 
tions, principally  such  as  relate  to  the 
United  States ;  and  (7)  prominent  features 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States. 

Proficiency  in  penmanship,  orthog- 
raphy, and  punctuation  will  be  deter- 
mined principally  by  a  review  of  the 
examination  papers,  and  as  far  as  possi- 
ble the  examination  in  all  the  branches 
will  be  confined  to  practical  exercises. 

In  examinations  for  appointments  to 
positions  requiring  special  or  technical 
knowledge,  such  additions  may  be  made 
by  the  board  of  examiners  to  the  list  of 
subjects  as  the  nature  of  the  case  may 
require. 

Local  inspectors  of  steamboat  hulls. 

Assistant  inspectors  of  steamboat  hulls. 

Local  inspectors  of  steamboat  boilers. 

Assistant  inspectors  of  steamboat 
boilers. 

Clerks  to  local  boards  of  inspectors  of 
hulls  and  boilers. 

INTERNAL  REVENUE  SERVICE. 

Gangers,  storekeepers  and  gaugers, 
storekeepers  and  inspectors  of  tobacco. 

The  management  of  these  appoint- 
ments is  left  to  the  Commissioner  of  In- 
ternal Revenue,  and  the  practice  is  that 
nominations  of  the  persons  to  be  ap- 
pointed are  submitted  by  collectors  of 
internal  revenue  to  the  Commissioner, 
who  prepares  the  appointments  for  the 
signature  of  the  Secretary  and  counter- 
signs them  himself. 

Deputy  collectors  and  clerks  of  inter- 
nal revenue  are  appointed  by  the  col- 
lectors, and  they  may  revoke  such  ap- 
pointments, giving  due  notice  to  the 
Commissioner. 

Special  agents  of  internal  revenue  are 


appointed  by  the  Commissioner  of  In- 
ternal Revenue. 


CUSTOMS  SERVICE. 

BY    THE    SECRETARY    OP    THE    TREASURY — 
(CONTINUED). 

Special  agents  of  customs. 

Special  inspectors  on  Isthmus  of  Pan- 
ama. 

Special  agents  at  Seal  Islands. 

All  the  various  subordinate  officers  in 
the  custom-houses  not  included  in  the 
foregoing,  such  as  deputy  collectors,  in- 
spectors, weighers,  gaugers,  measurers, 
examiners,  clerks,  samplers,  watchmen, 
messengers,  openers  and  packers,  and 
others;  deputy  naval  officers  and  deputy 
surveyors,  etc.  The  principal  officers  of 
the  customs,  however,  namely,  collectors, 
naval  officers,  surveyors,  and  appraisers, 
are  authorized  by  law  to  nominate  the 
persons  to  be  employed  by  them  (the 
number  and  compensation  of  whom  are 
either  fixed  by  law  or  by  the  Secretary)  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  who  may, 
in  his  discretion,  approve  or  disapprove 
the  nominations  when  made,  and  in  case 
of  disapproval,  direct  the  nominating 
officer  to  name  other  suitable  persons. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  subordinate 
officers  and  clerks  in  the  sub-treasuries. 

Cadets  in  the  Revenue  Marine  Service. 

First  and  second  assistant  engineers  in 
the  Revenue  Marine  Service. 


UNITED  STATES  MINTS. 

Subordinate  officers,  clerks,  and  em- 
ployes of  the  various  grades  in  the  mints 
are  appointed  by  the  superintendents,  or 
other  principal  officers  in  charge,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint 
at  Washington. 

LIFE-SAVING  SERVICE. 

Superintendents  and  keepers  of  this 
service  are  appointed  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury ;  the  former  on  the  rec- 
ommendation of  the  general  superintend- 
ent, and  the  latter  on  the  nomination  of 
the  superintendent,  approved  by  the  gen- 
eral superintendent.  Surfmen  by  the 
keepers  of  stations. 

LIGHT-HOUSE  SERVICE. 

Keepers  of  light-houses,  beacons,  and 
stations,  employes  on  board  of  tenders, 
and  those  in  the  offices  of  inspectors  and 
engineers,  by  the  Secretary,  on  the  nomi- 


19 


290 


APPOINTMENTS. 


nation  of  the  superintendent  of  lights 
(collectors  of  customs),  the  inspectors  and 
engineers,  approved  and  recommended. by 
the  Light-House  Board  at  Washington. 

NATIONAL  BANK  EXAMINERS 

are  appointed  by  the  Comptroller  of  the 
Currency,  with  the  approval  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  ;  term  unlimited. 

MARINE  HOSPITAL  SERVICE. 

Surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons  are 
appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, after  passing  a  successful  examina- 
tion, similar  to  that  required  in  the  army. 
The  clerks  in  the  Surgeon-General's  office 
and  the  employe's  in  the  hospitals  are 
appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, the  former  upon  the  recommendation 
of  the  Surgeon-General,  and  the  latter 
upon  the  nomination  of  the  surgeon  in 
charge,  approved  by  the  Surgeon-General. 

UNITED  STATES  MARINE  HOSPITAL 
SERVICE. 

Original  appointments  of  medical  offi- 
cers in  the  United  States  Marine  Hospital 
Service  will  be  made  to  the  grade  of 
assistant  surgeon  only. 

Medical  officers  in  the  Marine  Hospital 
Service  will  in  no  case  be  appointed  to 
any  particular  station,  but  to  the  general 
service,  being  subject  to  change  of  station 
as  the  exigencies  of  the  service  may  re- 
quire, and  shall  serve  in  any  part  of  the 
United  States  wherever  assigned  to  duty 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

No  person  will  be  appointed  an  assist- 
ant surgeon  whose  age  is  less  than 
twenty-one  or  more  than  thirty  years, 
and,  as  a  preliminary  to  a  recommenda- 
tion for  appointment,  the  applicant  must 
have  graduated  in  medicine  at  some  re- 
spectable medical  college,  and  must  pass 
a  satisfactory  physical  and  professional 
examination  before  a  board  of  surgeons 
of  the  Marine  Hospital  Service,  which 
will  be  convened  from  time  to  time,  for 
that  purpose,  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

The  passing  of  an  examination  must 
not  be  considered  as  giving  assurance  of 
appointment,  as  the  Department  will 
select  those  of  the  highest  attainments 
in  case  there  should  be  more  candidates 
than  vacancies. 

No  qualified  candidate  will  be  eligible 
for  appointment  more  than  one  year.  If 
not  appointed  within  that  time,"  he  may, 


if  he  desire,  be  re-examined,  when,  if 
successful,  he  will  take  position  with  the 
class  last  examined. 

An  applicant  failing  at  one  examination 
may  be  allowed  a  second  examination, 
after  one  year,  but  not  a  third. 

Assistant  surgeons,  after  three  years' 
service,  at  least  one  year  of  which  shall 
have  been  at  a  United  States  Marine  Hos- 
pital, shall  be  entitled  to  an  examination 
for  promotion  to  the  grade  of  passed 
assistant  surgeon.  The  application  for 
this  examination  must  be  accompanied 
with  testimonials  of  correct  deportment 
and  habits  of  industry  from  the  surgeons 
with  whom  they  have  served,  and  the 
applicant  must  be  familiar  with  the  regu- 
lations. 

A  vacancy  in  the  grade  of  surgeon  will 
be  filled  by  promotion  from  among  the 
passed  assistant  surgeons. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

There  are  no  civilian  officers  of  this 
Department  appointed  by  the  President, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate,  besides  the  Secretary. 


APPOINTMENTS  MADE  BY  THE  SECRE- 
TARY OF  WAR  FOR  AN  UNLIMITED 
TERM,  OR  DURING  HIS  PLEASURE. 

Agent  for  collection  of  Confederate 
records. 

Anatomist,  Surgeon-General's  office. 

Chief  clerk  of  Department. 

Chief  clerks  of  bureaus  and  divisions. 

Clerks  of  the  several  grades  in  all  the 
bureaus. 

Copyists. 

Disbursing  clerk. 

Draughtsmen. 

Engineers. 

Firemen. 

Laborers. 

Messengers. 

Superintendents  of  buildings. 

Watchmen. 

Superintendents  of  National  cema- 
teries. 


MILITARY  ACADEMY,   WEST   POINT, 
NEW  YORK. 

The  superintendent,  the  commandant 
of  cadets,  and  the  professors  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  President.  The  assistant 
professors  and  the  adjutant  are  army 
officers  detailed  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 


APPOINTMENTS. 


291 


APPOINTMENTS  OF  OFFICERS  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

Appointments  to  fill  vacancies  in  the 
lowest  grade  of  commissioned  officers  in 
the  army  are  made  as  follows : 

One-fourth  of  the  number  from  non- 
commissioned officers  in  the  army.  The 
remaining  vacancies  not  filled  by  the 
graduates  from  the  Military  Academy 
are  appointed  from  civil  life.  These  ap- 
pointments are  all  made  by  the  President, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate,  and  they  hold  for  life  or  dur- 
ing good  behavior. 

Candidates  for  appointment  must  pass 
a  satisfactory  examination  before  a  board 
of  army  officers. 

PROMOTIONS. 

General,  from  officers  in  the  military 
service  ;  lieutenant-general,  from  grade  of 
major-general ;  major-general,  from  grade 
of  brigadier-general ;  brigadier-general, 
from  grade  of  colonel. 

All  vacancies  in  regiments  and  corps  to 
the  rank  of  colonel  are  filled  by  promo- 
tion according  to  seniority,  except  in  case 
of  disability  or  other  incompetency. 

Promotions  to  the  rank  of  captain  are 
made  regimentally,  to  major  and  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, and  colonel,  according  to 
the  arm  of  service ;  and  in  the  staff,  en- 
gineer, and  ordnance,  according  to  corps. 

Promotions  vice  officers  retired  to  be 
by  seniority. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  a  Term  of  Four  Years. 

Chiefs  of  seven  bureaus  of  the  Depart- 
ment, viz. : 

Yards  and  Docks. 

Equipment  and  Recruiting. 

Navigation. 

Ordnance. 

Construction  and  Repair. 

Steam  Engineering. 

Provisions  and  Clothing. 

Medicines  and  Surgery. 

The  five  first  named  must  be  selected 
from  the  list  of  officers  of  the  navy,  not 
below  the  grade  of  commander;  and  the 
chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Construction  and 
Repair  must  be  also  a  skilful  naval  con- 
structor; the  chief  of  the  Bureau  of 
Steam  Engineering  must  be  appointed 
from  the  chief  engineers  of  the  navy ; 


the  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Provisions 
and  Clothing  from  the  list  of  paymasters 
of  the  navy  of  not  less  than  ten  years' 
standing ;  and  the  chief  of  the  Bureau  of 
Medicines  and  Surgery  from  the  list  of 
surgeons  of  the  navy.  These  chiefs  of 
bureaus  have  the  rank  and  pay  of  com- 
modore while  serving  as  such. 

BY  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY, 

For  an    Unlimited  Term,  or  during  his 
Pleasure. 

Assistant  astronomers,  Naval  Observ- 
atory. 

Chief  clerk  of  the  Department. 

Chief  clerks  of  bureaus. 

Clerks  of  the  several  grades. 

Computers  in  Hydrographic  Office. 

Disbursing  clerk. 

Draughtsmen. 

Engravers. 

Instrument-makers,  Nautical  Almanac 
Office. 

Laborers. 

Messengers  and  assistant  messengers. 

Porters. 

Printers,  Hydrographic  Office. 

Stenographer. 

Watchmen. 

Writers,  Hydrographic  Office. 

NAVAL  ACADEMY,  ANNAPOLIS,  MARYLAND. 

Professors  of  drawing,  languages,  phys- 
ics, chemistry,  etc.,  the  secretary,  boxing- 
masters,  clerks,  and  other  officers,  serv- 
ants, and  employes,  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  on  the  recommendation  of  the 
superintendent  thereof. 


APPOINTMENTS    IN    THE    UNITED 
STATES   NAVY. 

All  line  officers  on  the  active  list,  and 
all  officers  in  the  several  staff  corps  of 
the  navy,  are  appointed  by  the  President, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  and  they  hold  during  good  be- 
havior, or  until  retired. 

The  following  are  the  grades  included 
in  the  foregoing : 

LINE  OFFICERS. 

Admiral.  Lieutenant-commanders. 

Vice-Admiral.    Lieutenants. 
Rear-Admirals.  Masters. 
Commodores.      Ensigns. 
Captains.  Midsliipmen. 

Commanders. 


292 


APPOINTMENTS. 


STAFF  OFFICERS. 

MEDICAL  CORPS.  —  Medical  directors, 
medical  inspectors,  surgeons,  assistant 
Burgeons. 

PAY  CORPS. — Pay  directors,  pay  inspec- 
tors, paymasters,  passed  assistant  pay- 
masters, assistant  paymasters. 

ENGINEER  CORPS. — Chief  engineers  of 
the  three  grades,  viz.:  captains,  com- 
manders, lieutenant-commanders  or  lieu- 
tenants ;  first  assistant  engineers,  with 
rank  of  lieutenants  or  masters ;  second 
assistant  engineers,  with  rank  of  masters 
or  ensigns. 

Chaplains. 

Naval  constructors  and  assistant  naval 
constructors. 

Civil  engineers  and  naval  storekeepers. 

Professors  of  mathematics. 


REAR-ADMIRALS. 

During  war  they  shall  be  selected  from 
those  officers  on  the  active  list,  not  below 
the  grade  of  commander,  who  shall  have 
eminently  distinguished  themselves  by 
courage,  skill,  and  genius  in  their  pro- 
fession, but  no  officer  shall  be  so  pro- 
moted unless,  upon  the  recommendation 
of  the  President,  by  name,  he  has  re- 
ceived the  thanks  of  Congress  for  distin- 
guished service. 

During  peace,  vacancies  in  the  grade 
of  rear-admiral  shall  be  filled  by  regular 
promotion  from  the  list  of  commodores, 
subject  to  examination  according  to  law. 

No  line  officer  below  the  grade  of  com- 
modore, and  no  officer  not  of  the  line, 
shall  be  promoted  to  a  higher  grade  on 
the  active  list  of  the  navy  until  his  men- 
tal, moral,  and  professional  fitness  to 
perform  all  his  duties  at  sea  have  been 
established  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
board  of  examiners  appointed  by  the 
President.  [There  is  a  standing  board 
for  the  examination  of  officers  for  retire- 
ment and  promotion,  which  consists  at 
present  of  one  vice-admiral,  two  rear- 
admirals,  one  passed  assistant  engineer, 
one  medical  director,  and  two  medical  in- 
spectors.] And  no  officer  shall  be  pro- 
moted to  a  higher  grade  on  the  active 
list  of  the  navy  until  he  has  been  exam- 
ined by  a  board  of  naval  surgeons,  and 
pronounced  physically  qualified  to  per- 
form all  the  duties  at  sea,  except  in  a 
case  where  the  officer  would  otherwise  be 
regularly  entitled  to  the  promotion,  and 
when  the  medical  board  reports  that  the 
physical  disqualification  was  occasioned 
by  wounds  received  in  the  line  of  his 
duty,  and  that  such  wounds  do  not  inca- 


pacitate him  for  other  duties  in  the  grade 
to  which  he  shall  be  promoted. 

The  grades  established  for  the  staff 
corps  shall  be  filled  by  appointment 
from  the  highest  members  in  each  corps, 
according  to  seniority ;  and  new  com- 
missions shall  be  issued  to  the  officers 
so  appointed,  in  which  the  grades  shall 
be  inserted,  and  no  existing  commission 
shall  be  vacated  in  the  staff  corps  except 
by  the  issue  of  the  new  commissions  so 
required  ;  and  no  officer  shall  be  reduced 
in  rank  or  lose  seniority  in  his  own  corps 
by  any  change  which  may  be  required  by 
such  provisions. 

Any  officer  of  the  navy  may,  by  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  be 
advanced  not  exceeding  thirty  numbers 
in  rank,  for  eminent  and  conspicuous  con- 
duct in  battle,  or  extraordinary  heroism, 
and  any  officer  who  is  nominated  to  a 
higher  grade  on  such  account  shall  be 
promoted  notwithstanding  the  number  of 
said  grade  may  be  full :  also  one  grade, 
if,  upon' the  recommendation  of  the  Presi- 
dent by  name,  he  has  received  the  thanks 
of  Congress  for  highly  distinguished  con- 
duct in  conflict  with  the  enemy,  or  for 
extraordinary  heroism  in  the  line  of  his 
profession. 

A  vote  of  thanks  by  Congress  to  any 
officer  of  the  navy  affects  the  said  officer 
only,  and  whenever  as  an  incident 
thereof  an  officer  who  would  otherwise 
be  retired  is  retained  on  the  active  list, 
such  retention  shall  not  interfere  with 
the  regular  promotion  of  others  who 
would  otherwise  have  been  entitled  by 
law  to  promotion. 

No  promotion  shall  be  made  to  fill  a 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  final  retire- 
ment, death,  resignation,  or  dismissal  of 
an  officer  who  has  received  a  vote  of 
thanks,  unless  the  number  of  officers  left 
in  the  grade  where  the  vacancy  occurs 
shall  be  less  than  the  number  authorized 
by  law. 

QUALIFICATIONS    OF   SURGEONS  AND  ASSISTANT 
SURGEONS. 

Candidates  for  appointment  as  assist- 
ant surgeons  are  required  to  pass  an  ex- 
amination before  a  board  of  naval  sur- 
geons, and  must  be  of  an  age  not  under 
twenty-one  or  over  twenty-six  years. 

No  person  shall  be  appointed  surgeon 
until  he  has  served  as  an  assistant  surgeon 
at  least  two  years  on  board  a  public  ves- 
sel of  the  United  States  at  sea,  nor  until 
he  has  been  examined  and  approved  for 
such  appointment  by  a  board  of  naval 
surgeons. 


APPOINTMENTS. 


293 


QUALIFICATIONS  OP  PAYMASTERS   AND  ASSIST- 
ANT PAYMASTERS. 

No  person  shall  be  appointed  assistant 
paymaster  who  is  less  than  twenty-one  or 
more  than  twenty-six  years  of  age,  nor 
until  his  physical,  mental,  and  moral 
qualifications  have  been  examined  and 
approved  by  a  board  of  paymasters. 


QUALIFICATIONS  OF  ASSISTANT  ENGINEERS  AND 
ENGINEER  OFFICERS. 

No  person  under  nineteen  or  over 
twenty-six  years  of  age  shall  be  appointed 
a  second  assistant  engineer  in  the  navy  ; 
nor  shall  any  person  be  appointed  or  pro- 
moted in  the  Engineer  Corps  until  after 
he  has  been  found  qualified  by  a  board 
of  competent  engineers  and  medical  offi- 
cers designated  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  and  has  complied  with  existing 
regulations. 

Cadet  engineers,  who  are  graduated 
with  credit  in  the  scientific  and  mechani- 
cal class  of  the  Naval  Academy,  may, 
upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Academic 
Board,  be  appointed  by  the  President, 
and  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  as  second 
assistant  engineers ;  they  may  also  be 
immediately  appointed  as  assistant  naval 
constructors. 

QUALIFICATIONS  OF  CHAPLAINS. 

A  chaplain  shall  not  be  less  than 
twenty-one  nor  more  than  thirty-five 
years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  appoint- 
ment. 

FAILURE  IN  EXAMINATION  FOR  PROMOTION. 

Any  officer  on  the  active  list  of  the 
navy,  below  the  grade  of  commodore, 
who,  upon  examination  for  promotion,  is 
not  found  professionally  qualified,  shall 
be  suspended  from  promotion  one  year, 
with  corresponding  loss  of  date  when  he 
shall  be  re-examined,  and  in  case  of  his 
failure  upon  such  re-examination,  he  shall 
be  dropped  from  the  service. 

BOATSWAINS,  GUNNERS,  SAIL-MAKERS, 
and  CARPENTERS  are  appointed  by  the 
President  alone,  in  such  numbers  as  may 
be  necessary  for  the  vessels  in  actual  ser- 
vice, and  they  are  classed  as  warrant  offi- 
cers. And  the  President  may,  if  he  deem 
it  conducive  to  the  interest  of  the  service, 
give  assimilated  rank  to  them,  after  frve 
years'  service,  as  ensigns,  and  after  ten 
years'  service,  as  masters. 

CADET  ENGINEERS,  not  exceeding  fifty 
at  any  time,  may  be  appointed  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  no  persons 


other  than  a  midshipman  shall  be  eligible 
for  such  appointment,  unless  they  shall 
produce  satisfactory  evidence  of  mechani- 
cal skill  and  proficiency,  and  shall  have 
passed  an  examination  as  to  their  mental 
and  physical  qualifications. 

ACTING  ASSISTANT  SURGEONS,  in  such 
number  as  the  exigencies  of  the  service 
may  require,  may  be  appointed  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  for  temporary 
service,  who  shall  receive  the  compensa- 
tion allowed  assistant  surgeons. 

STOREKEEPERS  on  foreign  stations  may 
be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  when  suitable  officers  of  the  navy 
cannot  be  ordered  on  such  service,  or 
when,  in  the  Secretary's  opinion,  the  pub- 
lic service  will  be  thereby  promoted. 

MATES  may  be  rated,  under  the  author- 
ity of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  from 
seamen  and  ordinary  seamen  who  have 
enlisted  in  the  naval  service  for  not  less 
than  two  years,  but  such  rating  shall  not 
discharge  him  from  his  enlistment. 

Seamen,  distinguishing  themselves  in 
battle,  or  by  extraordinary  heroism  in  the 
line  of  their  profession,  may  be  promoted 
to  forward  warrant  officers,  upon  the  rec- 
ommendation of  their  commanding  offi- 
cers, approved  by  the  flag-officer  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  upon  such  re- 
commendation they  shall  receive  a  gra- 
tuity of  $100  and  a  medal  of  honor. 

MARINE  CORPS. 

The  officers  of  the  Marine  Corps  are  ap- 
pointed from  civil  life  by  the  President, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate,  subject  to  examination,  and 
their  qualifications  to  be  approved  under 
the  directions  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  ;  and  candidates  must  be  not  under 
twenty  or  over  twenty-five  years  of  age. 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  an  Unlimited  Tei*m. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
Architect  of  the  Capitol  extension. 
Assistant  Coriimissioner  of  Patents. 
Assistant  Inspector  of  Gas  Meters  in 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

Auditor  of  Railroad  Accounts. 
Commissioner  of  Education. 
Commissioner  of  General  Land  Office. 
Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs. 
Commissioner  of  Patents. 


294 


APPOINTMENTS. 


Commissioner  of  Pensions. 

Deputy  Commissioner  of  Pensions. 

Director  of  Geological  Survey. 

Examiners-in-chief  of  Patent  Office. 

Inspector  of  Gas  Meters  in  the  District 
of  Columbia. 

Principal  clerk  of  Private  Land  Claims. 

Principal  clerk  of  Public  Lands. 

Principal  clerk  of  Surveys. 

Recorder  of  Deeds  for  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Recorder  of  General  Land  Office. 

Register  of  Wills  for  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Superintendent  of  the  Census. 

Supervisors  of  the  Census. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 
By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  a  Term  of  Four  Years. 
Governors  of  Territories. 
Indian  agents. 
Indian  inspectors. 
Pension  agents. 
Receivers  of  public  moneys. 
Registers  of  land  offices. 
Secretaries  of  Territories. 
Surveyors-general. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 
By  and  with,  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 

the  Senate,  for  a  Term  of  One  Year. 

Members  of  the  Hot  Spring  Commis- 
sion (Arkansas). 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT. 

Commissioners  to  codify  the  land  laws, 
for  an  unlimited  term. 

Members  of  Board  of  Indian  Commis- 
sioners, for  an  unlimited  term. 

Government  Directors  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  Company,  for  a  term  of 
one  year. 

Visitors  to  the  Government  Hospital 
for  the  Insane,  for  a  term  of  six  years. 

BY  THE  SECRETARY, 
For  an   Unlimited  Term. 
Book-keepers. 

Chief  clerk  of  the  Department. 
Chief  clerks  of  bureaus. 
Chiefs  of  divisions. 
Clerks  of  the  four  classes. 
Copyists. 
Draughtsmen. 
Engineers. 
Entomological   Commission,  members 


of. 


Examiners  in  Patent  Office. 
Finance  clerk. 


Fire  Commissioner  fbr  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Firemen. 

Geologists. 

Laborers. 

Law  clerks. 

Librarians. 

Machinists. 

Medical  referee. 

Messengers. 

Packers. 

Special  agents. 

Statistician. 

Stenographers. 

Superintendent  of  Cherokee  schools  in 
North  Carolina. 

Superintendent  of  the  Government 
Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

Superintendent  of  the  Hot  Springs  in 
Arkansas. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Documents. 

Superintendent  of  the  Yellowstone  Na- 
tional Park. 

Surgeon-in-chief  of  the  Freedmen's 
Hospital,  in  District  of  Columbia. 

Telegraph  operator. 

Topographers. 

Translators. 

Watchmen. 

INDIAN  INTERPRETERS. 

These  are  appointed  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  on  the  nomination  of  the 
Indian  agents. 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  Postmaster-General  is  appointed 
by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate,  and  may  be 
removed  in  the  same  manner.  His  term, 
differs  from  the  other  heads  of  Depart- 
ments, which  is  for  and  during  the  term 
of  the  President  by  whom  he  is  ap- 
pointed, and  for  one  month  thereafter, 
unless  sooner  removed. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  an  Unlimited  Term,  and 
removable  in  the  Same  Manner. 

First,  Second,  and  Third  Assistant 
Postmasters-General. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  a  Term  of  Four  Years, 
unless  sooner  removed. 

The  postmaster  at  New  York  City. 


APPOINTMENTS. 


295 


Postmasters  of  the  first,  second,  and 
third  classes. 

The  commissions  of  all  postmasters 
appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  are 
made  out  and  recorded  in  the  Post-Office 
Department,  must  be  under  the  seal  of 
the  Department,  and  countersigned  by 
the  Postmaster-General. 

BY  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL, 
For  an  Unlimited  Term. 

Appointment  clerk. 

Assistant  Attorney-General  for  Post- 
Office  Department. 

Carpenters. 

Chief  clerk  to  the  Postmaster-General. 

Chief  clerks  to  Assistant  Postmasters- 
General. 

Chief  clerk  to  Superintendent  of  For- 
eign Mails. 

Chief  clerk  to  Superintendent  of  Money- 
Order  System. 

Chief  of  Division  of  Dead  Letters. 

Chief  of  Division  of  Inspection. 

Chief  of  Division  of  Mail  Depredations. 

Chief  of  Division  of  Postage-Stamps. 

Chief  of  Special  Agents. 

Clerks  —  fourth,  third,  second,  first 
classes  ;  $1000  and  $900  classes. 

Disbursing  clerk  and  superintendent 
of  the  building. 

Engineers. 

Firemen. 

Fireman  and  blacksmith,  fireman  and 
steam-titter. 

Laborers — male  and  female. 

Law  clerk. 

LETTER-CARRIERS. 

Letter-carriers  are  appointed  by  the 
Postmaster-General,  on  the  nomination 
and  recommendation  of  the  local  post- 
master. 

Nominees  must  be  over  twenty-one 
and  under  forty-five  years  of  age,  they 
must  be  intelligent,  temperate,  and  phys- 
ically fitted  for  the  service,  and  must  be 
able  to  read  and  write  and  understand 
the  fundamental  rules  of  arithmetic. 

Applications  must  state  the  name  in 
full,  age,  previous  occupation,  etc. 

It  is  provided  by  law  that  new  appoint- 
ments of  letter-carriers  in  cities  having 
two  or  more  classes,  shall  be  made  to  the 
class  having  the  minimum  compensation 
and  promotion  from  lower  grades  shal 
be  made  to  the  higher  grades  to  fill  vacan 
cies,  after  one  or  more  years'  service,  on  the 
certificate  of  the  postmaster  of  efficiency 
and  faithfulness  during  the  preceding  year 


LOCAL  MAIL  AGENTS. 
By    the    Postmaster-General,    on    the 
nomination  of  the  local  postmaster. 

Messengers. 

Postmasters  of  the  fourth  class. 

Railway  postal  clerks. 

Route  agents. 

Special  agents. 

Stenographer  to  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral. 

Superintendent  of  the  Blank  Agency. 

Assistant  superintendents  of  the  Blank 
Agency. 

Superintendent  of  Free  Delivery. 

Superintendent  of  Money-Order  Sys- 
tem. 

Superintendent  of  Railway  Mail  Ser- 
vice. 

Topographer. 

Watchmen. 

Clerks  and  other  employes  in  post- 
offices  are  appointed  by  the  postmasters. 

SUPERINTENDENTS  OP  MAILS. 

Clerks  in  post-offices  of  the  first  and 
second  classes  to  superintend  the  distri- 
bution of  the  mail,  are  appointed  by  the 
Postmaster-General  on  the  nomination 
of  the  General  Superintendent  of  the 
Railway  Mail  Service. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  an  Unlimited  Term. 
The  Attorney-General  of  the  United 


Assistant  Attorneys-General,  of  which 
there  are  three. 

Solicitor-General. 

Examiner  of  Claims  in  the  Department 
of  State. 

Solicitor  of  Internal  Revenue. 

Solicitor  of  the  Treasury. 

Assistant  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury. 

BY  THE  ATTORNEY-GENERAL, 
For  an  Unlimited  Term. 

Assistant  to  Assistant  Attorneys-Gen- 
eral in  preparation  of  cases  for  the  Court 
of  Claims. 

Chief  clerk  of  Department  of  Justice. 

Chief  clerk  office  Solicitor  of  the  Treas- 
ury. 

Clerks  —  fourth,  third,  second,  first 
classes. 

Clerks  —  fourth,  third,  second,  first 
classes,  office  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury. 


296 


APPOINTMENTS. 


Copyists. 

Law  clerk,  law  clerk  and  examiner  of 
titles. 
Laborers. 

Messengers  and  assistant  messengers. 
Stenographer. 
Telegraph  operator. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

The  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  is 
appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  for 
an  unlimited  term. 

The  chief  clerk,  clerks  of  the  several 
classes,  entomologist,  chemist,  assistant 
chemist,  superintendents,  statistician, 
disbursing  clerk,  librarian,  botanist,  rni- 
croscopist,  engineer,  copyists,  laborers, 
watchmen,  and  other  employes,  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  Commissioner  of  Agricul- 
ture ;  and  when  authorized  and  provided 
for  by  Congress  he  employs  other  persons 
for  such  time  as  their  services  may  be 
needed,  including  chemists,  botanists,  en- 
tomologists, and  other  persons  skilled  in 
natural  sciences  pertaining  to  agriculture. 

JUDICIARY. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  to  hold  their  Offices  during 
Good  Behavior. 

The  Chief  Justice  and  the  Associate 
Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States. 

Circuit  Judges  of  the  United  States. 

District  Judges  of  the  United  States. 

Chief  Justice  and  Judges  of  the  Court 
of  Claims. 

Chief  Justice  and  Associate  Justices 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT, 

By  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 
the  Senate,  for  a  Term  of  Four  Years. 

Chief  Justice  and  Associate  Justices 
of  the  Supreme  Courts  of  the  Territories. 

District  Attorneys  of  the  United  States. 

Marshals  of  the  United  States  Courts. 

Attorneys  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Territories. 

Marshals  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Territories. 

Clerks  of  the  District  Courts  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  judges  thereof,  except  in 
cases  otherwise  provided  by  law. 


In  the  Western  District  of  North  Car- 
olina, the  circuit  and  district  judges 
appoint  three  clerks,  one  of  whom  is 
clerk  both  of  the  Circuit  and  District 
courts  of  said  Western  District  of  North 
Carolina. 

In  the  Western  District  of  Virginia, 
;he  circuit  and  district  judges  appoint 
four  clerks,  each  of  whom  is  clerk  both 
of  the  Circuit  and  District  Courts  for  said 
district. 

In  the  Western  District  of  Wisconsin, 
the  circuit  and  district  judges  appoint 
two  clerks,  each  of  whom  is  clerk  both 
of  the  Circuit  and  District  Courts  of  said 
district. 

Deputies  of  clerks  of  the  District  Courts 
are  appointed  by  the  courts,  on  the  ap- 
plication of  the  clerk,  and  may  be  re- 
moved at  the  pleasure  of  the  judges 
authorized  to  make  the  appointments. 

Clerks  of  the  Circuit  Courts  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  courts,  the  circuit  and 
district  judges  concurring ;  and  in  case  of 
a  disagreement  between  the  judges,  the 
appointment  shall  be  made  by  the  As- 
sociate Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  al- 
lotted to  such  Circuit  Court,  except  in 
cases  otherwise  specially  provided  by 
law. 

Deputies  of  clerks  to  the  Circuit  Courts 
are  appointed  by  the  court,  on  applica- 
tion of  the  clerk,  and  may  be  removed 
at  the  pleasure  of  the  judges  authorized 
to  make  the  appointments. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  appoints  a  clerk,  a  marshal,  a  re- 
porter, and  deputies  of  the  clerk. 

The  Court  of  Claims  appoints  a  clerk, 
an  assistant  clerk,  a  bailiff,  a  messenger, 
and  the  clerks  may  be  removed  for  mis- 
conduct or  incapacity,  but  the  court  shall 
report  such  removals  to  Congress,  with 
the  reasons  therefor.  The  bailiff  holds 
office  four  years,  unless  removed  for 
cause.  The  court  also  appoints  Com- 
missioners. 

Each  Circuit  Court  may  appoint  in 
different  parts  of  the  district  for  which 
it  is  held  so  many  discreet  persons  as  it 
may  deem  necessary,  who  shall  be  called 
"  Commissioners  of  the  Circuit  Courts,1' 
and  shall  exercise  the  powers  which  are 
or  may  be  expressly  conferred  by  law 
upon  Commissioners  of  the  Circuit  Courts. 

District  Courts  of  the  Territories  may 
appoint  Commissioners. 

Deputy  marshals  are  appointed  by  the 
marshals,  and  are  removable  from  office 
by  the  judge  of  the  District  Court,  or  by 
the  Circuit  Court  for  the  district,  at  th* 
pleasure  of  either. 


BONDS  OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS. 


The  following  information  respecting 
the  requirement  of  bonds  from  disbursing 
officers  of  the  Government,  and  the 
amounts  thereof,  is  believed  to  embrace 
all  officers  of  whom  bonds  are  required ; 
and  the  amount  is  given  specifically,  or 
in  classes,  except  in  certain  cases  where 
the  number  of  officers  is  so  large,  and  the 
different  amounts  so  varied,  that  it  would 
be  impracticable  to  do  so,  such  as  post- 
masters, consuls,  etc.  In  these  cases, 
however,  sufficient  is  stated  to  show  the 
general  practice. 

APPLICABLE  TO  THE  SEVERAL  DE- 
PARTMENTS. 

Each  disbursing  clerk  shall  give  a  bond 
to  the  United  States  for  the  faithful  dis- 
charge of  the  duties  of  his  office  accord- 
ing to  law,  in  such  amounts  as  shall  be 
directed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, and  with  sureties  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury ;  and 
shall  from  time  to  time  renew,  strengthen, 
and  increase  his  official  bond  as  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  may  direct. 

[See  under  the  head  of  each  Depart- 
ment for  the  amount  required  in  each 
case.] 

Whenever  it  becomes  necessary  for  the 
head  of  any  Department  or  officer  to  em- 
ploy special  agents  other  than  officers  of 
the  army  or  navy,  who  may  be  charged 
with  the  disbursement  of  public  moneys, 
such  agents  are  required,  before  entering 
on  duty,  to  give  bond  in  such  form  and 
with  such  security  as  the  head  of  the 
Department  or  office  employing  them 
may  approve. 

SENATE. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Senate  gives  bond 
in  the  sum  of  $20,000. 

HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

The  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  the  sum  of  $20,000. 


THE  PUBLIC  PRINTER. 

The  Public  Printer  must  give  bond  for 
the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties  in  the 
penal  sum  of  $100,000,  with  two  sureties, 
to  be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior. 


STATE  DEPARTMENT. 

Bond. 
Disbursing  clerk  of $20,000 

Every  consul-general,  consul,  and  com- 
mercial agent,  before  he  receives  his  com- 
mission or  enters  upon  the  duties  of  his 
office,  must  give  bond  to  the  United 
States,  with  such  sureties,  who  must  be 
permanent  residents  of  the  United  States, 
as  the  Secretary  of  State  shall  approve, 
in  a  penal  sum  not  less  than  $1000,  and 
in  no  case  less  than  the  annual  compen- 
sation allowed  to  such  officer,  and  not 
more  than  $10,000,  and  in  such  form  as 
the  President  prescribes,  conditioned  for 
the  true  and  faithful  accounting  for,  pay- 
ing over,  and  delivering  up  of  all  fees, 
moneys,  goods,  effects,  books,  records, 
papers,  and  other  property  which  may 
come  into  his  hands,  etc.  Every  vice- 
consul  must  also  give  bond,  in  a  penal 
sum  not  less  than  $2000  nor  more  than 
$10,000,  conditioned  for  the  true  and 
faithful  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his 
office  according  to  law,  and  for  account- 
ing for  all  money  and  property  which 
may  come  into  his  possession. 

The  bonds  to  be  deposited  with  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  amount  of  bond  required  of  con- 
suls is  double  the  amount  of  their  salary 
respectively.  Of  vice-consuls  and  com- 
mercial agents,  $2000  each. 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

The  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  must 
give  bond  to  the  United  States  in  the 
penalty  of  $100,000,  with  not  less  than 

297 


298 


BONDS   OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS. 


two  responsible  sureties,  to  be  approved 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  con- 
ditioned for  the  faithful  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  his  office. 

The  Deputy  Comptroller  of  the  Cur- 
rency likewise  gives  bond  in  the  penalty 
of  $50,000. 


DISBURSING  CLERKS. 

Bond. 

1  disbursing  clerk,  in  the  sum  of $20,000 

1  "  "  "     10,000 

1  "  of  Register's  office..  10,000 

1  "  of   Sixth   Auditor's 

office 10,000 


SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  CONSTRUC- 
TION. 

Bond. 

Albany,  New  York $10,000 

Atlanta,  Georgia 10,000 

Austin,  Texas 5,000 

Boston,  Massachusetts 10,000 

Chicago,  Illinois 20,000 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 10,000 

Covington,  Kentucky 10,000 

Evansville,  Indiana 10,000 

Fall  River,  Massachusetts 10,000 

Grand  Rapids,  Michigan 5,000 

Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania 15,000 


Hartford,  Connecticut. 

Kansas  City,  Missouri 

Little  Rock,  Arkansas 

Memphis,  Tennessee 

Nashville,  Tennessee 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 

St.  Louis,  Missouri 

San  Francisco,  California 

Topeka,  Kansas 

Trenton,  New  Jersey 

Utica,  New  York , 

Washington,  District  of  Columbia , 


10,000 
5,000 
10,000 
5,000 
5,000 
10,000 
20,000 
5,000 
5,000 
10,000 
10,000 
5,000 


SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  REPAIRS  OF 
PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 

Bond. 

Louisville,  Kentucky $5,000 

New  York,  New  York 5,000 

Providence,  Rhode  Island 20,000 

Wilmington,  North  Carolina 5,000 

SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  GRANITE  CUT- 
TING. 

Bond. 

Clark's  Island,  Maine $5,000 

Dix  Island,  Maine 10,000 

Fox  Island,  Maine 10,000 

Hurricane  Island,  Maine 10,000 

CUSTOMS   SERVICE. 

It  is  provided  by  law  that  every  col- 
lector, naval  officer,  and  surveyor  of  cus- 
toms shall,  before  entering  on  the  duties 
of  his  office,  give  a  bond  to  the  United 
States,  with  one  or  more  sufficient  sure- 
ties, for  the  true  and  faithful  discharge 


of  the  duties  thereof  according  to  law, 
which  bonds  must  be  approved  by  the 
Commissioner  of  Customs  and  filed  in 
his  office. 

The  amounts  of  penalties  on  these 
bonds  are  prescribed  by  statute,  subject 
to  be  regulated  (increased  or  decreased) 
by  the  President,  and  are  as  follows : 


COLLECTORS. 

District  and  Port.  Bond. 

Alaska  (Sitka) $10,000 

Albemarle  (Edenton),  North  Carolina.  10,000 

Alexandria,  Virginia 20,000 

Annapolis,  Maryland 5,000 

Apalachicola,  Florida 5,000 

Aroostook  (Houlton),  Maine 10,000 

Baltimore,  Maryland 75,000 

Bangor,  Maine 20,000 

Barnstable,  Massachusetts 10,000 

Bath,  Maine 10,000 

Beaufort,  North  Carolina 5,000 

Beaufort,  South  Carolina 10,000 

Belfast,  Maine 5,000 

Boston   and   Charlestown,   Massachu- 
setts    100,000 

Brazos  (Brownsville),  Texas 30,000 

Bridgeton,  New  Jersey 5,000 

Bristol  and  Warren,  Rhode  Island 10,000 

Brunswick,  Georgia 5,000 

Buffalo  Creek  (Buffalo),  New  York 25,000 

Burlington  (Trenton),  New  Jersey 5,000 

Cape  Vincent,  New  York 25,000 

Castine,  Maine 10,000 

Champlain  ( Pittsburgh),  New  York...  25,000 

Charleston,  South  Carolina 50,000 

Cherrystone  (Eastville),  Virginia 5,000 

Chicago,  Illinois 200,000 

Corpus  Christi,  Texas 30,000 

Cuyahoga( Cleveland),  Ohio 20,000 

Delaware  (Wilmington),  Delaware 10,000 

Detroit,  Michigan 30,000 

Duluth,  Minnesota 25,000 

Dunkirk,  New  York 20,000 

Eastern  (Crisfield),  Maryland 10,000 

Edgartown,  Massachusetts.. 5,000 

Erie,  Pennsylvania 5,000 

Fairfield  (Bridgeport),  Connecticut 5,000 

Fall  River,  Massachusetts 10,000 

Fernandina,  Florida...  5,000 

Frenchman's  Bay  (Ellsworth),  Maine.  10,000 

Galveston,  Texas 30,000 

Genesee  (Rochester),  New  York 15,000 

Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia 10,000 

Georgetown,  South  Carolina 5,000 

Gloucester,  Massachusetts 10,000 

Great   Egg    Harbor  (Seiners'    Point), 

New  Jersey 5,000 

Huron  (Port  Huron),  Michigan 30,000 

Kennebuuk.  Maine 10,000 

Key  West,  Florida 25,000 

Little  Egg  Harbor  (Tuckerton),  New 

Jersey 5,000 

Machias,  Maine 5,000 

Marblehead,  Massachusetts 10,000 

Miami  (Toledo),  Ohio 30,000 

Michigan  (Grand  Haven),  Michigan...  10,000 

Middletown,  Connecticut 10,000 

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 50,000 


BONDS   OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS. 


299 


District  and  Port.  Bond. 
Minnesota   (Pembina,  Dakota    Terri- 
tory), Minnesota $5,000 

Mobile,  Alabama 40,000 

Montana   arid  Idaho    (Fort  Benton), 

Montana 10,000 

Nantucket,  Massachusetts 5,000 

Natchez,  Mississippi 10,000 

Newark,  New  Jersey 10,000 

New  Bedford,  Massachusetts 20,000 

Newburyport,  Massachusetts 10,000 

New  Haven,  Connecticut 40,000 

New  London,  Connecticut 10,000 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana 100,000 

Newport,  Rhode  Island 20,000 

New  York  City,  New  York 200,000 

Niagara     (Suspension    Bridge),    New 

York 25,000 

Norfolk  and  Portsmouth,  Virginia 40,000 

Oregon  (Astoria),  Oregon 50,000 

Oswegatchie  (Ogdensburgh),  New  York  25,000 

Oswego,  New  York 25,000 

Pamlico  (New  Berne),  North  Carolina.  10,000 

Paso  del  Norte  (El  Paso),  Texas 25,000 

Passamaquoddy  (Eastport),  Maine 10,000 

Pearl  River  (Shieldsborough),  Missis- 
sippi   5,000 

Pensacola,  Florida 20,000 

Perth  Amboy,  New  Jersey 5,000 

Petersburg,  Virginia 5,000 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 100,000 

Plymouth,  Massachusetts 5,000 

Portland  and  Falmouth,  Maine 50,000 

Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire 20,000 

Providence,  Rhode  Island 25,000 

Puget's  Sound,  Washington  Territory.  25,000 

Richmond,  Virginia 30,000 

Saco,  Maine 5,000 

Sag  Harbor,  New  York 5,000 

Salem  and  Beverly,  Massachusetts 40,000 

Saluria  (Indianola),  Texas 10,000 

San  Diego,  California 50,000 

Sandusky,  Ohio 20,000 

San  Francisco,  California 100,000 

Savannah,  Georgia 60,000 

St.  Augustine,  Florida 5,000 

St.  Johns  (Jacksonville),  Florida 12,000 

St.  Marks  (Cedar  Keys),  Florida 5,000 

St.  Mary's,  Georgia 5,000 

Southern  Oregon  (Empire  City),  Oregon  25,000 

Stonington,  Connecticut 7,000 

Superior  (Marquette),  Michigan 25,000 

Tappahannock,  Virginia 5,000 

Teche  (Morgan  City),  Louisiana 5,000 

Vermont  (Burlington),  Vermont 50,000 

Vicksburg,  Mississippi 5,000 

Waldoborough,  Maine 10,000 

Willamette  (Portland),  Oregon 50,000 

Wilmington,  North  Carolina 20,000 

Wiscasset,  Maine 10,000 

York,  Maine 5,000 

Yorktown,  Virginia 5,000 

NAVAL   OFFICERS. 

Port.  Bond. 

Baltimore,  Maryland $10,000 

Boston,  Massachusetts 5,000 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana 20,000 

New  York  City,  New  York 10,000 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 10,000 

San  Francisco,  California 20,000 


SURVEYORS. 

Port.  Bond. 

Albany,  New  York $10,000 

Baltimore,  Maryland 5,000 

Boston,  Massachusetts 5,000 

Burlington,  Iowa 10,000 

Cairo,  Illinois 5,000 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 150,000 

Dubuque,  Iowa 25,000 

Evansville,  Indiana ;..  10,000 

Galena,  Illinois 10,000 

Greenport,  New  York 1,000 

La  Crosse,  Wisconsin 25,000 

Louisville,  Kentucky 25,000 

Memphis,  Tennessee 30,000 

Michigan  City,  Indiana 1,000 

Nashville,  Tennessee 10,000 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana 5,000 

New  York  City,  New  York 5,000 

Omaha,  Nebraska 25,000 

Patchogue,  New  York .' 5,000 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 5,000 

Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania 10,000 

Port  Jefferson,  New  York 5,000 

Portsmouth,  Ohio 10,000 

Portland  and  Falmouth,  Maine 1,000 

San  Francisco,  California 20,000 

St.  Louis,  Missouri 150,000 

Wheeling,  West  Virginia 10,000 

TREASURER  AND  ASSISTANT  TREAS- 
URERS OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
The  Treasurer  shall,  before  entering 
upon  the  duties  of  his  office,  give  bond, 
with  sufficient  sureties,  to  be  approved  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  by  the 
First  Comptroller,  in  the  sum'of  8150,000, 
conditioned  for  the  faithful  performance 
of  the  duties  of  his  office,  and  for  the 
fidelity  of  the  persons  to  be  by  him  em- 
ployed, which  bond  shall  be  lodged  in 
the  office  of  the  First  Comptroller. 

All  Assistant  Treasurers  shall  respect- 
ively give  bonds  to  the  United  States  for 
the  faithful  discharge  of  the  duties  of 
their  respective  offices,  according  to  law, 
and  for  such  amounts  as  shall  be  directed 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  with 
sureties  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Solici- 
tor of  the  Treasury  ;  and  shall,  from  time 
to  time,  renew,  strengthen,  and  increase 
their  bonds,  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury may  direct. 

Bond. 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  Wash- 
ington, District  of  Columbia $150,000 

ASSISTANT  TREASURERS. 

Bond. 

Baltimore,  Maryland $150,000 

Boston,  Massachusetts 250,000 

hicago,  Illinois 250,000 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 250,000 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana 300,000 

New  York  City,  New  York 400,000 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 210,000 

San  Francisco,  California 500,000 

St.  Louis,  Missouri 200,000 


300 


BONDS   OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS. 


MINT   OFFICERS. 

The  Superintendent,  the  Assayer,  the 
Melter  and  Refiner,  and  the  Coiner  of  each 
mint,  before  entering  upon  the  execution 
of  their  offices,  shall  become  bound  to  the 
United  States,  with  one  or  more  sureties, 
approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, in  the  sum  of  not  less  than  $10,000 
nor  more  than  $50,000,  with  condition 
for  the  faithful  and  diligent  performance 
of  the  duties  of  their  offices,  and  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  may,  in  his  dis- 
cretion, increase  the  bonds  of  the  Super- 
intendents. 

Bond 

Boise  City,  Idaho,  assayer  and  melter.  $10,000 

Carson  City,  Nev.,  superintendent 50,000 

"            "      assayer 10,000 

"             "       coiner 10,000 

"             "       melter  and  refiner..  10,000 
Charlotte,  N.  C.  (Assay  Office),  assayer 

and  melter 5,000 

Denver,  Col.,  assayer  in  charge 10,000 

"          "      melter 5,000 

Helena,  Montana,  assayer 50,000 

"     '         "          melter 10,000 

New  Orleans,  La.,  superintendent 25,000 

"             "     coiner 10,000 

"             "     melter  and  refiner...  10,000 

"             "      assayer  10,000 

New  York  City,  N.  Y.  (Assay  Office), 

superintendent 50,000 

New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  assayer 10,000 

"                   "       melter  and  re- 
finer   10,000 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  superintendent 100,000 

"               "     melter  and  refiner...  10,000 

"               "     engraver 10,000 

"               "     chief  coiner 10,000 

"               "    assayer 10,000 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  superintendent 100,000 

"               "     assayer 10,000 

"                "     coiner 10,000 

"               "    melter  and  refiner.  10,000 


SUPERVISING  AND  LOCAL  INSPEC- 
TORS OF  STEAMBOATS. 

Every  Supervising  Local  Inspector  of 
Steamboats  shall  execute  a  proper  bond, 
to  be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  in  such  form  and  upon  such 
conditions  as  the  Secretary  may  prescribe, 
for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  duties 
of  his  office,  and  the  payment  in  the 
manner  provided  by  law  of  all  moneys 
that  may  be  received  by  him. 

The  amount  of  the  bonds  of  these  offi- 
cers is  uniformly  §10,000  each. 


COLLECTORS  OF  INTERNAL  REVENUE. 

Every  Collector,  before  entering  upon 
the  duties  of  his  office,  shall  execute  a 
bond  for  such  amount  as  may  be  pre- 


scribed by  the  Commissioner  of  Internal 
Kevenue,  under  the  direction  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury",  with  not  less  than 
five  sureties,  to  be  approved  by  the 
Solicitor  of  the  Treasury,  conditioned 
that  said  Collector  shall  faithfully  perform 
the  duties  of  his  office  according  to  law, 
and  shall  justly  and  faithfully  account 
for  and  pay  over  to  the  United  States,  in 
compliance  with  the  order  or  regulations 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  all  pub- 
lic moneys  which  may  come  into  his 
hands  or  possession;  and  he  shall,  from 
time  to  time,  renew,  strengthen,  and  in- 
crease his  official  bond,  as  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  may  direct,  with  such 
further  conditions  as  the  said  Commis- 
sioner shall  prescribe ;  and  he  shall  ex- 
ecute a  new  bond  whenever  required  so 
to  do  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
with  such  conditions  as  may  be  required 
by  law  or  prescribed  by  the  Commissioner 
of  Internal  Revenue,  with  not  less  than 
five  sureties  ;  which  new  bond  shall  be 
in  lieu  of  any  former  bond  or  bonds  of 
such  Collector  in  respect  to  all  liabilities 
accruing  after  the  date  of  its  approval  by 
the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury.  Said  bonds 
shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  First 
Comptroller  of  the  Treasury. 

In  explanation  of  the  irregular  num- 
bers by  which  many  of  the  collection  dis- 
tricts are  known,  it  may  be  stated  that  in 
executing  the  act  of  August  15,  1876,  and 
subsequent  acts,  which  reduced  the  num- 
ber of  districts  to  126,  two  or  more  dis- 
tricts being  consolidated  together,  the 
name  of  the  district  retained  was  left  as 
before,  while  the  others,  or  intervening 
numbers,  were  abolished. 

Bond. 

Alabama,  1st  District $50,000 

"        2d        "      60,000 

Arizona 25,000 

Arkansas,  3d  District 

California,  1st       "      , 

"          4th      "      , 

Colorado 

Connecticut,  1st  District 

"  2d         "       

Dakota 

Delaware , 

Florida 

Georgia,  2d  District 

3d        «      

Idaho , 

Illinois,  1st  District 

2d        " 


3d 
4th 
5th 
7th 
8th 
13th 


100,000 
100,000 
100,000 
50,000 
100,000 
100,000 
50,000 
100,000 
50,000 
100,000 
50,000 
25,000 
100,000 
100,000 

"   100,000 

"   100,000 

"   100,000 

"   100,000 

"   100,000 

"   100,000 


BONDS   OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS. 


301 


Indiana,  Jst  District  

Bond. 
...$100,000 

Bond. 
Pennsylvania,  1st  District                     $100  000 

"        4th      "       

100,000 

8th         "     100,000 

«        6th      "        

100,000 

9th         "     .             .          100  000 

"        7th      " 

100  000 

12th         "                            100  000 

<«       10th      "        

100,000 

14th         "     .          ..           100  000 

«       llth      "        

100,000 

16th         "     100,000 

Iowa,  2d  District  

100,000 

19th         "     100  000 

"     3d       " 

100,000 

20th         "                             100  000 

«     4th     "       

100,000 

22d          "     100  000 

"     5th      " 

100,000 

23d          "     .                       100  000 

Kansas  

50,000 

Rhode  Island,  1st  District  50,000 

Kentucky  2d  District 

100  000 

South  Carolina  50  000 

"         5th               

100,000 

Tennessee,  2d  District  100,000 

"          6th 

100,000 

"           5th      "                  .            .       100  000 

"         7th                   

100,000 

«          8th      "       75,000 

"         8th 

100  000 

Texas,  1st  District  75  000 

•<         9th              

50,000 

"       3d      "       100,000 

Louisiana           .                       . 

.     100,000 

"        4th      "       50000 

Maine  

100,000 

Utah  50,000 

Maryland   3d  District 

100  000 

Vermont,  2d  District  100  000 

"          4th       "      

50,000 

Virginia,  2d               100,000 

Massachusetts   3d  District 

..    100  000 

"           3d               100  000 

«              5th      "      

100,000 

"           4th              100,000 

"            10th      " 

100  000 

"           5th              100  000 

Michigan,  1st  District  

100,000 

«           6th              100,000 

"          3d         " 

100  000 

Washington  Territory  25  000 

«         4th        "       

100,000 

West  Virginia,  1st  District  100,000 

"          6th        " 

100  ooo 

"                   2d         "       .    ..                   50  000 

Minnesota,  1st      "       

50,000 

"          2d       " 

.     50  000 

«           2d         "        100  000 

Mississippi  

100,000 

"           3d         "      100  000 

.     100  000 

"           6th       "      50  000 

«       2d        "      

50,000 

Wyoming  Territory  50,000 

«       4th       " 

100  000 

Every  Inspector  of  Tobacco  is  required 
to  give  bond,  with  security  to  be  approved 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  or  col- 
lector of  the  district,  in  a  sum  not  less 
than  $5000,  conditioned  for  the  faithful 
discharge  of  his  duties. 
The   amount   of    their  bonds   is   uni- 
formly $5000. 
Every  Storekeeper  is  required  to  give 
bond,  to   be  approved  by  the   Commis- 
sioner of  Internal  Revenue,  for  the  faith- 
ful discharge  of  his  duties,  in  such  form 
and  in  such  amount  as  the  Commissioner 
may  prescribe. 
The  amount  prescribed   and  given  is 
$10,000. 
Storekeepers  and   Gaugers  (combined 
office)  also  give  bond  each  in  the  sums 
from  $5000  to  $10,000. 
Every   Gauger  must  give  bond  with 
one  or  more  sureties,  satisfactory  to  the 
Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  for 
the    faithful  discharge  of  the  duties  as- 
signed  to  him   by   law  or  regulations  ; 
and    the  penal  sum  of  said  bonds  shall 
not  be  less  than  $5000,  and  said  bond 
shall  be  renewed  or  strengthened  as  the 
Commissioner  may  require. 
The  amounts  required  and  given  are 
$5000  to  $10,000,  according  to  the  amount 
of  causing  done. 

«       5th      "       

100,000 

"        6th       " 

.     .  100  000 

Montana  

50,000 

100  000 

Nevada    

50,000 

100  000 

New  Jersey,  1st  District    

100,000 

"           3d        " 

100  000 

«           5th       "      

100  ooo 

25,000 

New  York,  1st  District  

100,000 

«          2d                

100,000 

"          3d 

100  ooo 

«        llth               

100,000 

"        12th 

....  100  000 

«        14th               

100,000 

"        loth       " 

....  100,000 

«        21st        "      

100,000 

"        24th        " 

.    .  ..  100  000 

"        26th       "      

100,000 

"        28th       " 

100  000 

«        30th        "      

100,000 

North  Carolina  2d  District 

75  000 

«               4th      "      

100,000 

"              5th      " 

100,000 

«              6th     "      

100,000 

Ohio  1st  District 

.  100  000 

«     3d        '       

100,000 

4th 

100  ooo 

6th         

100,000 

7th             .          

100,000 

10th              

100,000 

llth             

100,000 

15th 

100  000 

18th              

100,000 

.     50,000 

302 


BONDS   OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

Bond. 
Disbursing  Clerk,  in  the  sum  of $20,000 

All  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's, 
Subsistence,  and  Pay  Departments,  the 
Chief  Medical  Purveyor,  and  Assistant 
Medical  Purveyors,  and  all  Storekeepers 
shall,  before  entering  upon  the  duties  of 
their  respective  offices,  give  good  and  suf- 
ficient bonds  to  the  United  States,  in  such 
sums  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct, 
faithfully  to  account' for  all  public  moneys 
and  property  which  they  may  receive. 
The  President  may,  at  any  time,  increase 
the  sums  so  prescribed. 

All  disbursing  officers  of  the  Pay  De- 
partment shall  renew  their  bonds,  or 
furnish  additional  security,  at  least  once 
in  four  years,  and  as  much  oftener  as  the 
President  may  direct. 

The  amount  of  bond  given  by  the 
several  classes  of  officers  is  as  follows  : 


SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT. 

Bond. 
Commissaries  of  subsistence,  with  rank 

of  major $16,000 

Commissaries  of  subsistence,  with  rank 

of  captain 12,000 


MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


Bond. 


Chief  medical  purveyor,  with  rank  of 

colonel $30,000 

Assistant  medical  purveyors,  with  rank 

of  lieutenant-colonel 20,000 


PAYMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

Bond. 
Assistant  paymasters-general,  with  rank 

of  colonel $30,000 

Deputy  paymasters-general,  with  rank 

of  lieutenant-colonel 25,000 

Paymasters,  with  rank  of  major 20,000 


ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 

Bond. 
Ordnance    storekeepers,  with   rank   of 

major $50,000 

Ordnance    storekeepers,  with    rank   of 

captain $15,000  to  20,000 


QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

Bond. 
Assistant  quartermasters-general,  with 

rank  of  colonel $50,000 

Deputy    quartermasters-general,    with 

rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 40,000 

Quartermasters,  with  rank  of  major 40,000 

Assistant  quartermasters,  with  rank  of 

captain 20,000 

Military    storekeepers,  with    rank    of 

captain 10,000 


NAYY  DEPARTMENT. 

Every  Paymaster,  Passed  Assistant  Pay- 
master, and  Assistant  Paymaster  shall, 
before  entering  on  the  duties  of  his  office, 
give  bond,  with  two  or  more  sufficient 
sureties,  to  be  approved  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Navy,  for  the  faithful  performance 
thereof.  Paymasters  in  the  sum  of  $25,- 
000 ;  Passed  Assistant  Paymasters  in  the 
sum  of  $15,000 ;  and  Assistant  Paymasters 
in  the  sum  of  $10,000. 

Bond. 
Disbursing  clerk  of  the  Department $10,000 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

The  Commissioner  of  Patents  must 
give  bond  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  in  the  penal  sum  of  $10,000,  and 
the  Chief  Clerk  in  the  sum  of  $5000,  con- 
ditioned upon  the  faithful  discharge  of 
their  respective  duties,  and  that  they  shall 
render  to  the  proper  officers  of  the  Treas- 
ury a  true  account  of  all  moneys  re- 
ceived. 

Bond. 

Disbursing  clerk  of  the  Department...  $40,000 
Financial  clerk  Patent  Office 10,000 

PENSION  AGENTS. 

All  Pension  Agents  shall  give  bond, 
with  good  and  sufficient  sureties,  for  such 
amount  and  in  such  form  as  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  may  approve.  The 
amount  given  in  each  case  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

Bond. 

Boston,  Massachusetts $150,000 

Chicago,  Illinois 250,000 

Columbus,  Ohio 250,000 

Concord,  New  Hampshire 250,000 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 200,000 

Detroit,  Michigan 200,000 

Indianapolis,  Indiana 250,000 

Knoxville,  Tennessee 200,000 

Louisville,  Kentucky.. 125,000 

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 200,000 

New  York  City,  New  York 250,000 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 25^,000 

Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania 100,000 

St.  Louis,  Missouri 200,000 

San  Francisco,  California 50,000 

Syracuse,  New  York 150,000 

Washington,  District  of  Columbia 250,000 

LAND   SURVEYORS-GENERAL. 

Every  Surveyor-General  shall,  before 
entering  on  the  duties  of  his  office,  exe- 
cute and  deliver  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  a  bond,  with  good  and  sufficient 
security,  for  the  penal  sum  of  $30,000, 
conditioned  for  the  faithful  disbursement. 


BONDS  OF  DISBURSING   AGENTS. 


303 


according  to  law,  of  all  public  money 
placed  in  his  hands,  and  for  the  faithful 
performance  of  the  duties  of  his  office. 
New  bonds,  with  additional  security,  may 
be  required  whenever  the  President  deems 
it  expedient. 

The  amount  given  by  each  Surveyor- 
General  is  uniformly  $30,000,  except  the 
Surveyor-General  of  California,  who  gives 
$50,000. 

DEPUTY  SURVEYORS. 

Every  Deputy  Surveyor  must  give 
bond,  with  sufficient  security,  for  the 
faithful  performance  of  all  contracts  con- 
fided to  him,  and  the  penalty  of  the  bond 
must  be  double  the  estimated  amount  of 
money  accruing  under  such  contract,  at 
the  rate  per  mile  stipulated  to  be  paid 
therein. 

REGISTERS  AND  RECEIVERS. 

The  law  is :  Every  Register  and  Re- 
ceiver shall,  before  entering  on  the  duties 
of  his  office,  give  bond  in  the  penal  sum 
of  $10,000.  with  approved  security,  for 
the  faithful  discharge  of  his  trust,  and 
the  President  may  ($  3639)  regulate  and 
increase  the  amount  thereof. 

The  amount  required  and  given  by 
Registers  is  $10,000,  each  ;  by  Receivers, 
$15,000  to  $55,000,  each. 

INDIAN  AGENTS. 

Each  Indian  Agent,  before  entering 
upon  the  duties  of  his  office,  shall  give 
bond  in  such  penalties  and  with  such  se- 
curity as  the  President  or  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  may  require. 

The  amounts  required  and  given  by 
them  vary  from  $10,000  to  $50,000. 

REGISTER  OF  WILLS  OF  THE  DISTRICT 
OF  COLUMBIA. 

The  Register  of  Wills,  before  he  acts 
as  such,  gives  a  bond  to  the  United  States, 
with  two  or  more  sureties,  to  be  approved 
of  by  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  District,  in  the  sura  of  $5000, 
faithfully  to  discharge  the  duties  of  his 
office,  and  seasonably  to  record  the  de- 
crees and  orders  of  the  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  holding  the  special  term  for 
Orphans'  Court  business  for  the  District, 
and  all  wills  proved  before  him  or  the 
Court,  and  all  other  matters  directed  to 
be  recorded  in  the  Court  or  in  the  office 
of  the  Register  of  Wills. 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

Bond. 
Disbursing  clerk $40,000 

Every  Postmaster,  before  entering  upon 
the  duties  of  his  office,  shall  give  bond, 
with  good  and  approved  security,  and  in 
such  penalty  as  the  Postmaster-General 
shall  deem  sufficient,  conditioned  for  the 
faithful  discharge  of  all  duties  and  trusts 
inposed  on  him  either  by  law  or  the  rules 
and  regulations  of  the  Department ;  and 
where  an  office  shall  be  designated  as  a 
money-order  office,  the  bond  of  the  Post- 
master shall  contain  an  additional  condi- 
tion for  the  faithful  performance  of  all 
duties  and  obligations  in  connection  with 
the  money-order  business.  On  death, 
resignation,  or  removal  of  a  postmaster, 
his  bond  shall  be  delivered  to  the  Sixth 
Auditor.  The  bond  of  any  married  woman 
who  may  be  appointed  Postmaster  shall 
be  binding  upon  her  and  her  sureties, 
and  she  shall  be  liable  for  misconduct  in 
office  as  if  she  were  sole. 

Following  is  stated  the  amounts  of 
bonds  given  by  the  Postmasters  at  the 
eleven  principal  offices  in  the  United 
States : 

Bonds. 

New  York  City,  New  York $500,000 

San  Francisco,  California 350,000 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 300,000 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 300,000 

Chicago,  Illinois 300,000 

Boston,  Massachusetts 200,000 

Baltimore,  Maryland 200,000 

St.  Louis,  Missouri 150,000 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana 150,000 

Brooklyn,  New  York 125,000 

Washington,  District  of  Columbia 100,000 

The  different  amounts  of  bonds  given 
by  Postmasters  are  so  numerous  that 
each  cannot  be  given.  The  smallest 
bond  is  $1000,  and  the  amounts  increase 
from  that  sum  up,  according  to  the  im- 
portance of  the  office,  to  many  thousands 
of  dollars. 

Every  Letter-Carrier  shall  give  bond, 
with  sureties  to  be  approved  by  the  Post- 
master-General, for  the  safe  custody  and 
delivery  of  all  mail-matter,  and  the  faith- 
ful account  and  payment  of  all  money 
received  by  him. 

The  amount  required  and  given  by 
Letter-Carriers  is  $1000. 

Every  Special  Agent,  whenever  re- 
quired to  collect  or  disburse  any  public 
money,  shall,  before  entering  on  such 
duty,  give  bond  in  such  sura'  and  form, 


304 


BONDS   OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS. 


and  with  such  security,  as  the  Postmaster- 
General  may  approve. 

Under  this  authority  all  Special  Agents 
are  required  to  give  bond,  with  two  sure- 
ties, in  the  sum  of  $5000. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

The  Commissioner  and  the  Chief  Clerk, 
before  entering  on  their  duties,  shall 
severally  give  bond  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States,  the  former  in  the  sum  of 
$10,000,  and  the  latter  in  the  sum  of 
$5000,  conditioned  to  render  a  true  and 
faithful  account  to  the  Treasurer,  quar- 
ter-yearly, of  all  moneys  which  shall 
be  by  them  received  by  virtue  of  their 
office,  with  sureties  to  be  approved  by 
the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury.  Such 
bonds  shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the 
First  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  to  be 
by  him  put  in  suit  upon  any  breach  of 
the  conditions  thereof. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE. 

Bond. 
Disbursing  clerk $10,000 

THE  JUDICIARY. 

The  CUerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  and  every  Clerk  of  a  Cir- 
cuit or  District  Court,  shall  give  bond,  in 
a  sum  to  be  fixed  and  with  sureties  to  be 
approved  by  the  court  which  appoints 
him,  faithfully  to  discharge  the  duties  of 
his  office,  and  seasonably  to  record  the 
decrees,  judgments,  and  determinations 
of  the  court  of  which  he  is  clerk,  and  a 
new  bond  may  be  required  whenever  the 
court  deems  it  proper. 

Bond. 
The  clerk  of  Supreme  Court  in  the  sum 

of $2,000 

The  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Claims 
gives  bonds  to  the  United  States  in  such 
amount,  in  such  form,  and  with  such 
security  as  shall  be  approved  by  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury. 

Bond. 
The  chief  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Claims 

in  the  sum  of. $5,000 

Every  Marshal,  before  he  enters  on  the 
duties  of  his  office,  gives  bond  before 
the  district  judge  of  the  district,  jointly 
and  severally  with  two  good  and  sufficient 
sureties,  inhabitants  and  freeholders  of 
such  district,  to  be  approved  by  said 
judge,  in  the  sum  of  $20,000,  for  the 
faithful  performance  of  said  duties  by 
himself  and  deputies. 


CLERKS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 
COURTS. 

ALABAMA. 

Bond. 

Northern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

"  "         1  district    "    10,000 

Middle  "        1  circuit     "    10,000 

"  "        1  district    "    10,000 

Southern         "        1  circuit     "    20,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 


ARKANSAS. 

Bond. 

Eastern  District,  1  circuit  clerk .$20,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 

Western        "        1       "         "    20,000 

"        1       "          "    10,000 


CALIFORNIA. 


1  circuit  clerk. 
1  district    "    . 


Bond. 
£20,000 
20,000 


CONNECTICUT. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $10,000 

1  district    "    10,000 


DELAWARE. 


1  circuit  clerk. 
1  district    "    . 


Bond. 
.$10,000 
.   10,000 


DISTRICT  OP  COLUMBIA. 

Bond. 
1  clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court $20,000 


FLORIDA. 

Bond. 

Northern  District,  2  circuit  clerks,  each.$10,000 
"  "        3  district    "          "       10,000 

Southern         "        1  circuit  clerk 10,000 

«  "        1  district    «    10,000 


GEORGIA. 

Bond. 

Northern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $15,000 

"  "        I  district    "    15,000 

Southern        "        1  circuit     "    20,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 


ILLINOIS. 

Bond. 

Northern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 

Southern         "        1  circuit     "    20,000 

"  «        1  district    "    20,000 


INDIANA. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

1  district    "    20,000 

IOWA. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $15,000 

1  district    "    15,000 


BONDS   OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS. 


305 


KANSAS. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $15,000 

1  district    "    15,000 

KENTUCKY. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

2  "      clerks,  each 10,000 

1  district  clerk 20,000 

2  "      clerks,  each 10,000 

LOUISIANA. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

1  district    "    20,000 

MAINE. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $10,000 

1  district    «    10,000 

MARYLAND. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

1  district    "    20,000 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

1  district    "    20,900 


MICHIGAN. 

Bond. 

Eastern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 

Western       "        1  circuit     "  5,000 

"  "        1  district    "   5,000 


MINNESOTA. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk ~ $10,000 

1  district    "    10,000 


MISSISSIPPI. 

Bond. 

Northern  District,  1  district  clerk $20,000 

Southern        "        1  circuit       "    20,000 

«  «       1  district     "    20,000 


MISSOURI. 

Bond. 

Eastern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

"  "        1  district    "  20,000 

Western       "        1  circuit      "   15,000 

"  "        1  district    "    15,000 


NEBRASKA. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $15,000 

1  district    "    15,000 


NEVADA. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $10,000 

1  district    "    10,000 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $10,000 

1  district    "    10,000 


NEW  JERSEY. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $15,000 

1  district    "    ..  15.000 


NEW  YORK. 

Bond. 

Northern  District,  1  circuit  clerk... $10,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 

Southern        "        1  circuit     "    20,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 

Eastern  "        1  circuit     "    20,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

""   Bond. 

Eastern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $15,000 

"  "        3  district  clerks,  each.  10,000 

Western       "        3  circuit        "        "       10,000 

"  "       3  district      "        "       10,000 


OHIO. 

Northern  District,  1  circuit  clerk 

"  "        1  district    "    

Southern        "        1  circuit     "    

"  "       1  district    "    


Bond. 

....$20,000 
....  20,000 
....  20,000 
....  20,000 


OREGON. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $10,000 

1  district    "    10,000 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Bond. 

Eastern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 

Western       "        1  circuit     "    20,000 

"  "        1       "         "    10,000 

«  "        1  district    "    20,000 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $10,000 

1  district    "    10,000 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $20,000 

1  district    «    20,000 


TENNESSEE. 


Bond. 


Eastern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $15,000 

"  "        1  district    "    15,000 

1  circuit     "    15,000 

1  district    "    15,000 

1  circuit     "    15,000 

1  district    "    15,000 


Middle 

u 

Western 


20 


306 


BONDS  OF  DISBURSING  AGENTS. 


TEXAS. 

Bond. 
Eastern  District,  2  circuit  clerks,  each..$15,000 

«  "        1       "      clerk 15,000 

"  "        1  district  '"    15,000 

Western       "       1  circuit     "    15,000 

"  "       2  district  clerks,  each.  15,000 


VERMONT. 

Bond. 

l  circuit  clerk $10,000 

1  district    "   10,000 


VIRGINIA. 

Bond. 

Eastern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $15,000 

"  "        1  district    "    20,000 

«  "        1       "          "   10,000 

Western      "        4  circuit  clerks,  each..  10,000 
"  "        4  district    "          "  ..  10,000 


WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Bond. 

1  circuit  clerk $10,000 

1  district    "    10,000 


WISCONSIN. 


Bond. 


Eastern  District,  1  circuit  clerk $15,000 

"  "        2  district  clerks,  each.  15,000 

Western       "        1  circuit  and  district 

clerk 15,000 

Western  District,  1  circuit  and  district 

clerk , 10,000 


TERRITORIES. 

ARIZONA. 

Bond. 

1  clerk  Supreme  Court $10,000 

3  clerks,  for  3  districts,  each 5,000 


COLORADO. 


Bond. 


1  clerk  Supreme  Court $15,000 

3  clerks,  for  3  districts,  each 10,000 

DAKOTA. 

Bond. 

1  clerk  for  Supreme  Court $10,000 

3  clerks,  for  3  districts,  each 5,000 

IDAHO. 

Bond. 

1  clerk  to  Supreme  Court $10,000 

3  clerks,  for  3  districts,  each 5,000 


MONTANA. 

Bond. 

1  clerk  to  Supreme  Court $10,000 

3  clerks,  for  3  districts,  each 5,000 


NE\V  MEXICO. 


Bond. 


1  clerk  to  Supreme  Court $10,000 

3  clerks,  for  3  districts,  each 5,000 

UTAH. 

Bond. 

1  clerk  to  Supreme  Court $10,000 

2  clerks,  for  1st  and  2d  Districts,  each..     5,000 
1  clerk,  for  3d  District 10,000 


WASHINGTON. 

Bond. 

1  clerk  to  Supreme  Court $5,000 

3  clerks,  for  1st  District,  each 5,000 

3      "       "    2d        "          "    5,000 

3      «      «    3d        "         «    5,000 


WYOMING. 

Bond. 

1  clerk  to  Supreme  Court $10,000 

1      "    for  1st  District 5,000 

1      "      «  2d        «      5,000 

1      «      «  3d        «     5,000 


INDEX. 


A, 

Abatement  and  refund  of  duties,  66. 

Accounts  Bureau,  State  Department,  57. 

Accounts,  public,  68. 

Adjutant-General's  department,  177. 

Adjutant-General's  office,  force  in,  166. 

Adjutants-general  of  States,  163. 

Agricultural  Department  accounts,  110. 

Agricultural  Department,  appointments  in,  296. 

Agricultural  Department,  Appropriation  Bill, 
44. 

Agricultural  Department,  force  in,  269. 

Agricultural  Lands,  218. 

Alabama  customs  district  of  Mobile,  151. 

Alabama  internal  revenue  districts,  127. 

Alaska  customs  district,  157. 

Alaska,  fur-bearing  animals  in,  68. 

Allotments  of  Supreme  Court  justices,  270. 

Amendments  of  Constitution,  19. 

American  seamen,  consuls  guardians  of,  62. 

Annual  report  of  Treasurer  of  U.  S.,  120. 

Annual  reports  of  assistant  treasurers,  120. 

Annual  reports  of  heads  of  departments,  54. 

Appeal  to  First  Comptroller  on  post-office  ac- 
counts, 103. 

Appeals  by  importers,  66. 

Appointment  Division,  Treasury  Department, 
70. 

Appointments,  mode  of,  284. 

Apportionment  of  Representatives  and  Dele- 
gates, 23. 

Appraisers'  department,  New  York,  139. 

Appraisers'  duties,  139. 

Appropriation  bills,  analysis  of,  26. 

Appropriations  for  service  of  Post-Office  De- 
partment, 120. 

Appropriations,  War  Department,  162. 

Architect  of  Capitol,  force  of,  245. 

Arizona  internal  revenue  district,  127. 

Arkansas  internal  revenue  district,  127. 

Army  Appropriation  Bill,  35. 

Army  Medical  Museum,  172. 

Army  officers,  appointment  of,  291. 

Army  officers,  promotion  of,  291. 

Army  of  U.  S.,  what  it  consists  of,  176. 

Army,  frequency  of  payment,  171. 

Army  pay  department,  number  and  rank  of 
officers,  178. 

Army,  pay  of  enlisted  men,  186. 

Army,  pay  of  officers,  active,  184. 

Army,  pay  of  officers,  retired,  184. 

Army  paymasters'  accounts,  104. 

Army  pension  agents'  accounts,  105. 

Army  posts,  garrisons,  and  stations,  187. 

Army,  retirement  of  officers,  178. 


Army,  term  of  enlistment  in,  177. 
Artificial  limbs,  231. 
Assay  offices,  92. 

Assay  officers,  appointment  of,  286. 
Assistant    Attorney-General,    Post-Office    De- 
partment, 261. 

Assistant,  first  or  sole  of  a  department,  55. 
Assistant  local  inspectors  of  boilers  and  hulls. 

96. 

Assistant  or  deputy  of  a  bureau,  53. 
Assistant  Postmasters-General,  259. 
Assistant  Register  of  the  Treasury,  123. 
Assistant  Secretary  of  Treasury,  69. 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  (second),  70. 
Assistant    Treasurer,    discharging    duties    of 

Treasurer,  120. 

Assistant  Treasurer,  examination  of  books  of,  67. 
Assistant  treasurer,  Baltimore,  Md.,  121. 

"  "          Boston,  Mass.,  121. 

"  "          Chicago,  111.,  122. 

"  "          Cincinnati,  0.,  122. 

"  "          New  Orleans,  La.,  122. 

"  "          New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  122. 

"  "          Philadelphia,  Pa.,  122. 

"  "          St.  Louis,  Mo.,  122. 

"  "          San  Francisco,  Cal.,  122. 

Assistant  Treasurers  of  the  U.  S.,  bonds  of,  299. 
Assistant  Treasurers'  accounts,  110. 
Attorney-General  and  officers   of  Department 

of  Justice,  265. 

Attorneys  for  claimants  for  pensions,  236. 
Attorneys  or  counsel  not  to  be  employed,  54. 
Auditor,  First,  110. 

"     force  in  office,  111. 
Auditor,  Second,  111. 

"  "        force  in  office,  113. 

Auditor,  Third,  113. 

"  "       force  in  office,  114. 

Auditor,  Fourth,  114. 

"  "        force  in  office,  116. 

Auditor,  Fifth,  116. 

"  «      force  in  office,  117. 

Auditor,  Sixth,  1 17. 

"  "       force  in  office,  118. 

Auditor  of  Railroad  Accounts,  244. 
Awards  in  cases  of  fines,  penalties,  and  for- 
feitures, 66. 

B. 

Back  pay  and  bounty  (navy),  115. 
Back  pay  of  officers  and  men  account?,  105. 
Balances  certified  by  Comptroller  or  Commis- 
sioner of  Customs,  54. 

Baltimore,  Maryland,  assistant  treasurer,  121. 
Biennial  Register,  54. 

307 


308 


INDEX. 


Bills,  orders,  and  resolutions  of  Congress  pre- 
served in  the  State  Department,  56. 
Boise  City,  Idaho,  assay  office,  92. 
Bonded  debt  of  the  United  States,  77. 
Bonds,  acknowledgments  of,  81. 

"       assignment  of  and  collection  of  interest, 
80. 

Bonds,  assignment  by  representatives  and  suc- 
cessors, 80. 

Bonds,  assignment  of  by  attorney,  81. 
"       called,  82. 

"       ceased  to  bear  interest,  78. 
"       coupon,  78. 

"       duplicate  for  those  destroyed  or  defaced, 
67. 

Bonds,  execution  of  powers,  81. 
"       exemption  from  taxation,  82. 
"       fees  for  witnessing,  81. 
"       foreign  successorship  assignment,  81. 
"       forfeiture  of,  108. 
"       interest  to  joint  holders,  82. 
"       outstanding  and  bearing  interest,  77. 
"       payment  of,  67. 

"       payment   of   interest  and  closing   of 
transfer  books,  79. 
Bonds,  registered,  78,  123. 

"  "          when  transferred,  79. 

"       registered,  destroyed,  defaced,  etc.,  82. 
"       signed  by  Register  of  the  Treasury,  123. 
"       substitution  of  powers,  81. 
"       translation  of,  81. 
"       transmission  of  for  exchange,  78. 
Bonds  of  civil  and  diplomatic  officers,  103. 
"      disbursing  agents,  297. 
"  "          officers   filed  in  office  of 

Second  Comptroller,  104. 
Bonds  of  disbursing  officers,  penalty  fixed  by 

the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  67. 
Boston,  assistant  treasurer,  121. 
Botanic  Garden,  49. 
Bounties  and  premiums,  111. 

"        to  sailors,  115. 

Bounty  (seamen  and  marines)  accounts,  105. 
Bounty  (soldier)  accounts,  111. 
Buildings,  War  Department,  175. 
Bunting  of  American  manufacture,  163. 
Bureau,  Consular,  57. 
Bureau,  Diplomatic,  57. 
Bureau  of  Accounts,  57. 

"      Construction  and  Repairs,  196. 

"      Education,  244. 

•'      Engraving  and  Printing,  88. 

"      Equipment  and  Recruiting,  194. 

"      Indexes  and  Archives,  57. 

"      Law,  State  Department,  57. 

"      Medicine  and  Surgery,  196. 

"      Military  Justice,  167,  178. 

"      Navigation,  194. 

"      Ordnance,  196. 

"      Provisions  and  Clothing,  196. 

"      Statistics,  98. 

"      Steam  Engineering,  196. 

"      the  Mint,  89. 

"      Yards  and  Docks,  194. 


C. 


Cabin  John  Bridge,  175. 
Cadet-engineers,  appointment  of,  202. 
Cadet-midshipmen,  appointment  of,  198. 
Cadets  at  Military  Academy,  178. 


Cadets,  Military  Academy,  pay  of,  185. 

Cadets,  Revenue  Marine,  rules  for  appointment, 
286. 

California  customs  districts,  156. 
California  internal  revenue  districts,  128. 

Capitol  police,  49. 

Captured  and  Abandoned  Property  and  Lands 
Division,  Treasury  Department,  87. 

Larson,  Nevada,  mint,  force  in,  91. 

Catalogue  of  Congressional  Library,  48. 

Caveats  for  patents,  242. 

Census  accounts,  104. 

Census  enumerators'  duties,  244. 

Census  Office,  243. 

Census  Office  accounts,  116. 

Census  supervisors'  duties,  243. 

Certificates,  drafts,  or  checks,  unpaid  for  three 
years,  120. 

Certificates  of  balances,  123. 

Certificates   of    discharge   (duplicate)    to    sol- 
diers, 162. 

Certificates  of  registry  of  vessels,  68. 

Charges  d'affaires,  58. 

Charitable  institutions,  District  of  Columbia, 
accounts  of,  110. 

Charlotte,  North  Carolina,  assay  office,  92. 

Checks  (duplicate),  how  paid,  121. 

Chicago,  Illinois,  assistant  treasurer,  122. 

Chief  clerk,  Agricultural    Department,  bond 
of,  304. 

Chief  clerk,  Court  of  Claims,  bond  of.  304. 

Chief  clerk,  Patent  Office,  bond  of,  302. 

Chief  clerk,  State  Department,  57. 

Chief  clerk,  Treasury  Department,  70. 

Chief  clerks   of  departments  and  bureaus,  du- 
ties of,  53. 

Chief  engineer  of  army,  174. 

Chief  medical  purveyor  of  army,  172. 

Chief  of  ordnance,  173. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  assistant  treasurer,  122. 

Circuit  Courts  of  the  United  States,  270. 
"         "      jurisdiction  of,  270. 

Circuit  judges,  salary  of,  270. 

Circulation  of  national  banks,  tax  on,  119. 

Civ.il  accounts,  103. 

Claims  allowed  by  Court  of  Claims,  105. 

Claims  exceeding  $3000  in  departments,  55. 

Claims  for  horses  lost,  105. 

Claims  for  transportation  of  troops  and  sup- 
plies, 113. 

Claims  found  due  by  accounting  officers'  Ap- 
propriation Bill,  45. 

Claims  of  citizens  for  property,  113. 

Claims  of  officers  and  enlisted  men,  113. 

Claims  of  States  and  Territories,  113. 

Clerk-hire  for  consulates,  60. 

Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  bond  of, 
299. 

Clerk  of  Supreme  Court  of  United  States,  bond 
of,  304. 

Clerks,  etc.,  in  the  departments,  names  of  to  be 
reported  to  Congress,  54. 

Clerks  in  post-offices.  252. 

Clerks  of  local  boards  of  inspectors  of  steam- 
boats, 97. 

Clerks  or  employe's  not  to  act  as  counsel,  etc.,  54. 
Clerks  of  United  States   Courts,  appointment 

of,  296. 

Clerks  of  United  States  Courts  accounts,  110. 
Clerks  of  United  States  Courts,  bonds  of,  304. 
Clerks  to  paymasters  of  the  army,  171. 


INDEX. 


309 


Clerkships,  rules  for  appointment,  288. 
Coal  lands,  225. 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  accounts,  110. 
Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  service,  157. 
Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  service,  force  in, 

158. 

Coin  certificates,  67. 
Coinage,  assay  of  metals,  etc.,  68. 
Coins,  distribution,  circulation,  and  redemption 

of,  68. 

Collectors  of  customs,  bonds  of,  298. 
Collectors  of  customs,  duties  of,  137. 
Collectors  of  customs,  examination  of  books 

of,  67. 

Collectors  of  internal  revenue,  126. 
Collectors   of  internal   revenue  as  disbursing 

agents,  67. 

Collectors  of  internal  revenue,  bonds  of,  300. 
Collectors  of   internal  revenue,   compensation 

of,  127. 

Collectors  of  internal  revenue,  duties  of,  126. 
Colorado  internal  revenue  districts,  128. 
Commerce  and  Navigation,  67. 
Commercial  agencies  and  agents,  60. 
Commercial  Division,  State  Department,  57. 
Commissary-General,  duties  of,  170. 
Commissary-General's  office,  force  in,  171. 
Commissary  sergeants,  170. 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  269. 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  bond  of,  304. 
Commissioner  of  Customs,  accounts  revised  by, 

109. 
Commissioner    of    Customs'    office,    force    in, 

109. 

Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries,  283. 
Commissioner  of  General  Land  Office,  214. 
Commissioner  of  General  Land  Office,  force  in, 

215. 

Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  237. 
Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  123. 
Commissioner   of    Internal    Revenue's    office, 

force  in,  125. 
Commissioner  of  Patents,  240. 

"  "       "          bond  of,  302. 

"  "    Pensions,  228. 

"          "          Office,  force  in,  229. 
"  "    Public        Buildings        and 

Grounds,  174. 
Commissioners  of  Claims  Appropriation  Bill, 

45. 
Commissioners  of  United  States,  accounts  of, 

110. 

Common  carriers,  66. 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  105. 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  bond  of,  299. 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency's  office,  force  in, 

109. 
Comptroller,  First,  103. 

"  "      force  in  office,  104. 

Comptroller,  Second,  104. 
Comptroller,  Second,  office  force,  105. 
Conditions  common  to  all   Executive  Depart- 
ments, 53. 

Connecticut  customs  districts,  144. 
Connecticut  internal  revenue  districts,  128. 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  12. 
Construction  and  Repair  Bureau,  196. 
Construction    of    public    buildings    accounts, 

Consul  at  Liverpool,  59. 
Consular  agents,  60. 


Consular  and  Diplomatic  service  Appropriation 
Bill,  43. 

Consular  clerks,  63. 

Consular  jurisdiction,  63. 

Consulates  and  commercial  agencies,  60. 

Consuls,  59. 

Consuls  and  consular  officers,  bonds  of,  299. 

Consuls-general,  59. 

Consuls,  neglect  of  duty  of,  61. 

Consuls,  powers  and  duties  of,  60. 

Consuls,  privileges  of,  62. 

Contingent  expense  accounts,  104,  110. 

Contingent  expenses  of  Executive  Depart- 
ments, 55. 

Contingent  expenses  of  War  Department, 
111. 

Contingent  military  expense  accounts,  105. 

Contracts  and  purchases  of  supplies  or  services, 
55. 

Contracts  filed  in  office  of  Second  Comptroller. 
104. 

Contracts  for  carrying  the  mails,  254. 

Contracts  for  subsistence,  170. 

Contracts  signed  by  Assistant  Postmasters- 
General,  259. 

Contracts,  War  Department,  163. 

Copies  of  records,  State  Department,  fees  for, 
57. 

Copyrights,  48. 

Costumes  of  diplomatic  officers,  59. 

Court  of  Claims,  273. 

"       claims  allowed  by,  105. 
"  "      jurisdiction,  273. 

Customs  accounts,  110. 

Customs  collection  districts  and  ports,  force 
in,  141. 

Customs  Division,  Treasury  Department,  73. 

Customs  dues,  re-examination  and  reliquida- 
tion  of,  66. 

Customs  goods,  compensation  for  seizing,  66. 

Customs  officers,  fixing  compensation  of,  66. 

Customs  service,  137. 

Customs  service,  appointments  in,  289. 

D. 

Dakota  internal  revenue  districts,  128. 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution,  District  of  Colum- 
bia, 247. 

Declaration  of  Independence,  9. 

Debt  of  the  United  States,  74. 

Debt  of  the  United  States,  bonded,  table  of, 
75. 

Debt  of  the  United  States,  interest  of  antici- 
pated, 67. 

Debt  of  the  United  States,  offices  for  payment 
of,  80. 

Debt  of  the  United  States,  refunding  transac- 
tions of,  76. 

Debtors  imprisoned,  66. 

Debts  due  Post-Office  Department,  compro- 
mised, 117. 

Debts  due  the  United  States,  Navy  Department, 
114. 

Deficiency  Appropriation  Bill,  45. 

Delaware  customs  district,  147. 

Delaware  internal  revenue  district,  128. 

Delegates  in  Congress,  23. 

Denver,  Colorado,  mint,  force  in,  92. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  269. 

Department  of  Justice,  265. 


310 


INDEX. 


Department  of  Justice,  force  in,  266. 

Deposit  of  gold  and  bullion,  67. 

Deposit  of  public  money,  67. 

Depositaries'  reports,  120. 

Depositaries  of  U.  S.  accounts,  110. 

Depository  of  U.  S.  at  Tucson,  Arizona,  122. 

Deputy  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  106. 

Depositories  of  public  money,  67. 

Deputy  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  bond  of, 
298. 

Deputy  consuls,  60. 

Deputy  paymasters-general,  171. 

Deputy  surveyors  of  land,  bonds  of,  303. 

Deputy  to  act  as  chief  of  bureau,  53. 

Deserters  (seamen),  63. 

Designs,  patents  for,  242. 

Destitute  seamen,  relief  of,  62. 

Diplomatic  and  consular  accounts,  104. 

Diplomatic  officers,  costumes  of,  59. 

Diplomatic  officers   performing   duties  of  an- 
other officer,  58. 

Disbursements   under   pay-warrants   of  Post- 
master-General, 120. 

Disbursing  agents,  collectors  of  internal  reve- 
nue as,  67. 

Disbursing  agents  for  public  buildings,  67. 

Disbursing  clerk,  Department  of  Justice,  bond 
of,  304. 

Disbursing  clerk,  Interior  Department,  bond  of, 
302. 

Disbursing  clerk,  Navy  Department,  bond  of, 
302. 

Disbursing  clerk,  Post-Office  Department,  bond 
of,  303. 

Disbursing  clerk,  State  Department,  bond  of, 
299. 

Disbursing  clerks,  Treasury  Department,  ac- 
counts paid  by,  85. 

Disbursing  clerks,  Treasury  Department,  bonds 
of,  298. 

Disbursing  clerk,  War   Department,   bond  of, 
302. 

Disbursing  clerks  of  departments,  53. 

Disbursing  officers'  bonds,  penalty  fixed  by  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury,  67. 

Disbursing    officers  of   Engineer   Department 
accounts,  105. 

Disbursing  officers  of  navy  in  foreign  countries, 
115. 

Disbursing  officers  of  quartermaster's  depart- 
ment accounts,  105. 

Disbursing  officers  of  subsistence  department 
accounts,  105. 

Distribution,  circulation,  and   redemption   of 
coins,  68. 

District  attorneys,  273. 

District  attorneys'  accounts,  110. 

District  Courts,  271. 

<l       jurisdiction  of,  272. 

District  of  Columbia,  246. 

District  of  Columbia  accounts,  104,  110. 

District    of    Columbia     Appropriation     Bill, 
44. 

District  of  Columbia  customs  district,  149. 

District  of  Columbia  Supreme  Court,  273. 

District  judges,  salary  of,  272. 

Documents,  public,  number  of  printed,  50. 

Dues  to  the  United  States,  recovery  of,  103. 

Duplicate  checks,  how  paid,  121. 

Duties  and  tonnage,  66. 

Duties,  unascertained,  paid  to  collector,  120. 


E. 

Election  of  Delegates  in  Congress,  23. 

Election  of  President  and  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States,  51. 

Election  of  Representatives  in  Congress,  23. 

Election  of  Senators,  23. 

Electors  of  President,  number  of,  51. 

Employes,  Treasury  Department,  number  of, 
65. 

Enactment  of  laws,  25. 

Engagement  of  seamen,  62. 

Engineer  Corps  of  the  navy,  203. 

"  (army),  number  and  rank  of 

officers,  177. 

Engineer  of  army,  chief  of,  174. 

Engineers'  (army)  accounts,  113. 

Enlisted  men,  general  service,  pay  and  allow- 
ances, 166. 

Enlisted  men  of  army  may  purchase  articles, 
etc.,  170. 

Enlisted  men,  U.  S.  Army,  pay  of,  186. 

Enrolments  (ships'),  123. 

Enrolments  of  vessels  (foreign),  68. 

Entomological  Commission,  246. 

Entry  of  merchandise,  140. 

Envoys  extraordinary  and  ministers  plenipo- 
tentiary, 58. 

Examiners  of  national  banks,  108. 

Examiners  of  patents,  241. 

Executive  Mansion,  salaries  of  clerks,  and  em- 
ployes, 52. 

Executive  power  in  the  Territories,  275. 

Expenditures  limited  to  appropriations,  55. 

Express  transportation  accounts,  104. 

F. 

Fees  for  copies  of  records,  State  Department, 

Fees  in  Patent  Office,  243. 

Financial  agent  for  issue  and  redemption  of 

U.  S.  notes,  119. 

First  Assistant  Postmaster-General's  office,  259. 
Fiscal  agent  for  payment  of  interest  on  public 

debt,  119. 

Flags,  standards,  and  colors  captured,  162. 
Florida  customs  districts,  151. 
Florida  internal  revenue  district,  128. 
Forage  for  horses,  185. 
Force  Library,  47. 

Fort  and  Fortification  Appropriation  Bill,  45. 
Fuel,  light,  and  water  accounts,  111. 
Fur-bearing  animals  in  Alaska,  68. 

G. 

Gangers  of  internal  revenue,  bonds  of,  301. 
Gangers  of  internal  revenue,  compensation  of, 

127. 
General  Land  Office,  214, 

"  "         "       force  in,  215. 

General  provisions  relating  to  army,  178. 
General  provisions  relating  to  appointment  of 

clerks  in  the  departments,  285. 
General  service,  pay,  and  allowances  of  enlisted 

men,  166. 

Geological  Survey,  245. 
Georgia  customs  districts,  130. 
Georgia  internal  revenue  districts,  128. 
Gold  coin  and  bullion,  deposit  of,  67. 


INDEX. 


311 


Government  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  276. 
Government  in  the  Territories,  275. 
Government  Printing-Office,  49. 

"  "  "      appointments  in, 

285. 
Government  Printing-Office,  number  and  pay 

of  employes,  50. 

H. 

Helena,  Montana,  assay  office,  92. 
Homesteads  on  public  lands,  218. 
Hospital  and  Asylum  for  Freedmen,  249. 
Hospital,    Columbia,   and  Lying-in   Asylum, 

249. 

Hospital  for  the  Insane,  246. 
Hospitals  (military),  direction  of,  172. 
Hospitals  (military),  supply  of,  172. 
Hospital  stewards,  172. 
House  of  Representatives,  23. 
House   of  Representatives,  appointments  in, 

284. 
House  of  Representatives,  number  and  pay  of 

employe's,  24. 
Hydrographic  Office,  Navy  Department,  195. 

I. 

Idaho  internal  revenue  districts,  128. 

Illinois  customs  districts,  154. 

Illinois  internal  revenue  districts,  129. 

Importation  of  neat  cattle,  68. 

Independent  Treasury  service,  121. 

Indian  affairs  accounts,  111. 

Indian  agents'  accounts,  105. 

Indian  agents  and  agencies,  238. 

Indian  agents'  bonds,  303. 

Indian  agents'  duties,  239. 

Indian  contractors'  accounts,  105. 

Indian  inspectors'  accounts,  105, 

Indian  Office,  237. 

Indian  Office,  force  in,  238. 

Indian  service,  238. 

Indian  service  Appropriation  Bill,  39. 

Indian  superintendents'  accounts,  105, 

Indian  trust-fund  bonds,  custodian  of,  119. 

Indiana,  customs  port  of  Evansville,  154. 

Indiana  internal  revenue  districts,  128. 

Inspector  of  gas-meters,  District  of  Columbia, 

246. 
Inspector-General's   office,   War   Department, 

167. 

Inspectors-General  (army),  Corps  of,  177. 
Inspectors  (local)  of  steamboats,  96. 
Inspectors  of  steamboats,  bonds  of,  300. 
Inspectors  of  tobacco,  bonds  of,  301. 
Instructions   to   receivers  of  Treasury   notes, 

67. 

Interest  schedules,  123. 
Interior  Department,  212. 
Interior  Department,  appointments  in,  293. 
Interior  Department,  Secretary's  office,   force 

in,  214. 

Internal  revenue  accounts,  104,  116. 
Internal  revenue  agents  and  their  duties,  124. 
Internal  revenue  districts,  127. 
Internal  revenue  districts,  force  in,  127. 
Internal   Revenue   and   Navigation    Division, 

Treasury  Department,  73. 
Internal  Revenue  Office,  125. 
Internal  revenue  service,  126. 


Internal    revenue    service,   appointments   in, 

289. 

Interpreters,  diplomatic  service,  58,  60. 
Interpreters,  Indian  service,  239. 
Invalid  and  other  pensions  Appropriation  Bill, 

Invalid  pensions,  233. 

Inventions   and  discoveries,   report  upon   by 

consuls,  63. 

Inventory  of  property  in  departments,  54. 
Investigation  of  frauds,  54. 
Iowa  customs  ports,  154. 
Iowa  internal  revenue  districts,  129. 

J. 

Judges  of  the  United  States,  resignations  of, 

272. 

Judiciary,  270. 
Judiciary  accounts,  104,  110. 
Judiciary,  appointments  in,  296. 
Justice  Department,  265. 
Justice  Department,  appointments  in,  295. 

K. 

Kansas  internal  revenue  district,  130. 
Keeping  public  moneys,  121. 
Kentucky,  customs  port  of  Louisville,  153. 
Kentucky  internal  revenue  districts,  130. 

L. 

Land  deputy  surveyors,  bonds  of,  303. 
Land  surveyors-general,  bonds  of,  302. 
Land  registers,  examination  of  books  of,  67. 
Lands  and  other  public  property,  unproduc- 
tive, rent  or  sale  of,  69. 
Lands,  public,  217. 

"      agricultural,  218. 

"       coal,  225. 

"       fees  for  entering,  218. 

"       mineral,  221. 

"       mill-sites  on,  224. 

"       price  of,  220. 

"       registers  and  receivers,  216. 

"      States  and  Territories,  in  which 
located,  217. 

Lands,  public,  surrender  of  entry,  220. 
Lands,  public,  title  to,  218. 
Law  Library,  47. 

Lead  and  other  mines  accounts,  111. 
Legislative  Department,  23. 
Legislative,  Executive,  and  Judicial  Appropri- 
ation Bill,  26. 

Legislative  power  in  the  Territories,  275 
Letter-carriers,  252. 

"        "        bonds  of,  303. 
Librarian  of  Congress  and  assistants,  49. 
Librarian  State  Department,  57. 
Library  of  Congress,  46. 

"  "          appropriations  for,  49. 

License  for  yachts,  68. 
Licenses,  ships',  123. 
Life-saving  service,,  68,  97. 
Life-saving  service  accounts,  110. 
Life-saving  service)  appointments  in,  289. 
Life-saving  service,  force  in,  98, 
Life-saving  service,  medals  of  honor,.  68. 
Light-House  Board,  101. 
Light-House  Establishment,  99k 


312 


INDEX. 


Light-house  districts,%100. 

Light-house  service  accounts,  111. 

Light-house  service,  appointments  in,  289. 

Loans  and  Currency  Division,  Treasury  Depart- 
ment, 73. 

Loans  and  public  debt  accounts,  104. 

Local  inspectors  of  boilers  and  hulls  of  steam- 
boats, 96. 

Local  mail  agents,  257. 

Louisiana  customs  districts,  152. 

Louisiana  internal  revenue  district,  130. 


M. 


Mail  agencies,  257. 

Mail  route  messengers,  257. 

Mail  service,  foreign,  255. 

Mails,  contracts  for  carrying,  254. 

Maine  customs  districts,  141. 

"     internal  revenue  district,  131. 
Manufactures,  statistics  of,  67. 
Marine  Corps,  209. 

"          "       appointments  in,  293. 
"          "       pay  of  enlisted  men,  211. 
"          "        pay  of  officers,  210. 
Marine  hospital  service,  102. 
Marine  hospital  service,  appointments  in,  290. 
Marine  hospital  tax,  67,  102. 
Marshals'  accounts,  110. 
Marshals,  diplomatic  service,  60. 
Marshals  of  the  United  States,  274. 

"  "  bonds  of,  304. 

Maryland  customs  districts,  148. 

"        internal  revenue  districts,  131. 
Massachusetts  customs  districts,  142. 

"  internal  revenue  districts,  131. 

Medals  of  honor,  life-saving  service,  68. 
Medical  Corps  of  the  navy,  203. 
Medical  Corps  (army),  number  and  rank  of 

officers  of,  177. 

Medical  Department  (army),  171. 
Medical  officers  (army),  bonds  of,  302. 
Members    of    House    of   Representatives,   by 

whom  paid,  119. 
Merchandise  and  goods  examined  in  appraiser's 

department,  New  York,  139. 
Michigan  customs  districts,  154. 

"         internal  revenue  districts,  131. 
Military  Academy  accounts,  113. 

"     '  "        appointments  in,  290. 

"  "         Appropriation  Bill,  42. 

"  «        officers  of,  178. 

"  "         pay  of  officers  of,  185. 

Military  and  hospital  stores  accounts,  111. 
Mill-sites  on  public  lands,  224. 
Mineral  lands,  221. 
Ministers  resident,  58. 
Minnesota  customs  districts,  155. 

"          internal  revenue  districts,  131. 
Mint  accounts,  104. 
Mint  and  assay  office  accounts,  110. 
Mint  officers,  appointment  of,  286. 

"         "         bonds  of,  300. 
Mints  of  the  United  States,  89. 
"  "        "          "        appointments    in, 

289.  _ 
Mississippi  customs  districts,  151. 

"          internal  revenue  district,  131. 
"          River  Commission,  175. 
Missouri,  customs  port  of  St.  Louis,  153. 
"        internal  revenue  districts,  132. 


Model  rooms,  Patent  Office,  240. 
Money-order  accounts,  how  kept,  117. 

"  system,  258. 

Montana  and  Idaho  customs  district,  port  of 

Fort  Benton,  156. 

Montana  internal  revenue  district,  132. 
Musicians,  Marine  Corps,  pay  of,  211. 

N. 

National  bank  examiners,  appointment  of,  290. 
National  bank,  failure  to  pay  its  notes,  108. 
National  banking  associations,  how  formed,  106. 
National  bank-notes,  amount  of,  107. 

"  "         "       apportionment  of,  67. 

"          "        "       redemption  of,  107. 

"          "        "       destruction  of  mutilated, 
108. 

National  banks  as  depositories,  119. 
National  Board  of  Health,  159. 

"  "  "        accounts,  110. 

"        cemeteries,  163. 

"        Home    for  Volunteer    Soldiers,   ao- 
counts  of,  104. 
Nautical  Almanac,  195. 
Naval  Academy,  197. 

"  "          appointments  in,  291. 

Naval  Asylum,  Philadelphia,  196. 
Naval  hospitals,  199. 
Naval  Observatory,  194. 
Naval  officers,  appointment  of,  291. 
Naval  officers'  disbursement  accounts,  114. 
Naval  officers  of  customs,  bonds  of,  299. 
"  "  "        duties  of,  138. 

Naval  rank  (relative),  204. 
Naval  Service  Appropriation  Bill,  37. 
Navy  Department,  192. 
Navy  Department,  appointments  in,  291. 
Navy  Department  accounts,  114. 
Navy  Department  receipts  and  expenditures, 

Navy  Department,  Secretary's  office,  force  in, 

193. 

Navy  officers,  detail  of  command,  204. 
Navy  officers  of  the  line,  203. 

"          "       pay  of,  206. 
Navy  officers,  retirement  of,  203. 
Navy  pension  accounts,  114. 

"          "         agents,  115. 

"          "        fund,  115,  193. 
Navy-yards  and  shore  stations,  211. 
Neat  cattle,  importation  of,  68. 
Nebraska,  customs  port  of  Omaha,  156. 
Nebraska  internal  revenue  district,  132. 
Neglect  of  duty  by  consuls,  61. 
Nevada  internal  revenue  district,  132. 
New  Hampshire,  customs  port  of  Portsmouth, 

142. 

New  Hampshire  internal  revenue  district,  132. 
New  Jersey  customs  districts,  147. 

"         "      internal  revenue  districts,  132. 
New  Mexico      "  "  "          132. 

New  Orleans,  La.,  assistant  treasurer,  122. 
New  Orleans,  La.,  mint,  force  in,  91. 
New  York,  appraiser's  department,  139. 
New  York,  assay  office,  force  in,  92. 
New  York  City,  assistant  treasurer,  122. 
New  York  customs  districts,  145. 

''         "      internal  revenue  districts,  132. 
Non-commissioned  officers,  Marine  Corps,  pay 

of,  211. 


INDEX. 


313 


North  Carolina  customs  districts,  1 50. 

"  "        internal  revenue  districts,  134. 

Notes  of  the  United  States,  printing  of,  67. 

O. 

Oaths  in  settling  accounts,  162. 

Office-hours  of  the  departments,  53. 

Officers  and  enlisted  men  may  purchase  arti- 
cles, 170. 

Officers  of  army,  pay  of,  184. 
"          navy,  pay  of,  206. 

Officers  or  employe's  not  to  act  as  counsel,  agent, 
etc.,  54. 

Officers  of  subsistence  department,  prohibitions 
against,  170. 

Ohio  customs  districts,  153. 

Ohio  internal  revenue  districts,  134. 

Ordnance  and  medical  accounts,  105. 

Ordnance,  chief  of  (army),  173. 

Ordnance  Corps,  number  and  rank  of  officers, 
177. 

Ordnance  department  at  large,  174. 

Ordnance  stations,  173. 

Ordnance  storekeepers,  bonds  of,  302. 

Oregon  customs  districts,  156. 

Oregon  internal  revenue  districts,  135. 


P. 


Paper  and  public  printing  accounts,  104. 
Pardons  and  commissions,  57. 
Passport  clerk,  State  Department,  57. 
Passports,  57. 
Patent  Office,  240. 

"      "      contingent  accounts,  116. 

"       "       force  in,  241. 

"      "      rates  of  fees  in,  243. 

"       "       salary  accounts,  110. 
Patents  for  designs,  242. 
Patents,  information  in  relation  to,  241. 
Pay  and  clothing  of  the  army  accounts,  111. 
Pay  (back)  of  officers  and  soldiers,  104. 
Pay  corps  of  the  navy,  203. 
Pay  of  cadets,  Military  Academy,  185. 
Pay  of  enlisted  men,  signal  corps,  185. 
Pay  of  enlisted  men,  U.  S.  Army,  186. 
Pay  of  officers,  U.  S.  Army,  184. 

"        "        "         "  (retired),  184. 

"        "        Marine  Corps,  210. 

"         "         Military  Academy,  185. 

"         "         U.  S.  Navy,  206. 
Pay  of  non-commissioned  officers,  musicians, 

and  privates,  Marine  Corps,  211. 
Pay  of  petty  officers  and  seamen,  U.  S.  Navy, 

208. 
Paymaster  and  quartermaster  of  Marine  Corps, 

accounts  of,  105. 

Paymaster-General's  office,  force  in,  171. 
Paymaster  of  Marine  Corps,  115. 
Paymasters,  additional,  U.  S.  Army,  171. 

"  (army),  bonds  of,  302. 

"  (navy),  accounts  of,  105. 

navy  purchasing,  accounts  of,  115. 

"  (navy),  bonds  of,  302. 

"  of  navy-yards,  115. 

"  of  ships,  115. 

"  of  vessels  lost,  114. 

Payment  of  moneys,  119. 
Payment  of  the  army,  frequency  of,  171. 
Pay  tables,  revenue  marine,  84. 


Pennsylvania  customs  districts,  147. 

"  internal  revenue  districts,  135. 

Pension  accounts,  113. 
"        agents,  229. 
"  «      bonds  of,  302. 

Pensioners,  number  of,  232. 
Pension  fund  (privateer),  U.  S.  Navy,  193. 
Pension  Office,  228. 

"         "       force  in,  229. 
Pensions,  increase  of,  233. 

"         information  relating  to,  229. 
Pensions,  invalid,  233. 

"        manner  of  applying  for,  232. 
«        rates  of,  230. 
"        renewal  of,  234. 
"        who  are  entitled  to,  231. 
Performance  of  duties  of  another  office,  54. 
Personal   effects  lost  by  officers  and  seamen, 

compensation  for,  114. 
Petty  officers  (U.  S.  Navy),  order  of  rank,  205. 

"          "  "        "        pay  of,  208. 

Philadelphia,  mint,  force  in,  89. 

"  assistant  treasurer,  122. 

Postage,  rates  of,  262. 

"        stamps  and  envelopes,  253. 
"        to  foreign  countries,  264. 
Postal  service  accounts,  how  kept,  118. 
Postmaster-General,  duties  of,  250. 
Postmaster-General's  office,  259. 
Postmasters,  appointments   and  removals   re- 
ported to  Sixth  Auditor,  118. 
Postmasters,  bonds  of,  303. 

"  deceased,   bonds  of  delivered  to 

Sixth  Auditor,  118. 
Postmasters,  compensation  of,  251. 

"  fourth  class,  251. 

Post-Office  Department,  250. 

"  "  accounts,  117. 

"  "  appointments  in,  294. 

"  "  Appropriation  Bill,  43. 

"  "  clerical  force  in,  261. 

"  "  delinquencies  of   offi- 

cers of,  117. 
Post  Office,  miscellaneous  business,  258. 

"  money-orders,  264. 

Post-offices  and  postmasters,  250. 
"  clerks  in,  252. 

"  establishment  or  discontinuance  of 

reported  to  Sixth  Auditor,  118. 
Post  roads,  254. 
Preservation  of  accounts  by  First  Comptroller, 

103. 

President  of  the  Senate  when  to  act  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  51. 
President  of  the  United  States,  51. 
President's  Cabinet,  salary  of  members,  52. 
Presidential  office  becoming  vacant,  what,  51. 
Printing  and  binding,  amount  of,  49. 
Printing  of  U.  S.  notes,  67. 
Privateer  pension  fund  U.  S.  Navy,  193. 
Privates,  Marine  Corps,  pay  of,  211. 
Prize-money,  how  distributed,  115. 
Proceeds  of  goods  sold,  restoration  of,  66. 
Proposals  for  labor  and  materials,  War  Depart- 
ment, 162. 
Public  accounts,  68. 
Public  buildings  and  grounds,  Commissioner 

of,  174. 
Public    buildings    and    grounds,    District    of 

Columbia,  accounts,  110. 
Public  buildings,  construction  of,  94. 


314 


INDEX. 


Public  buildings,  plans  and  estimates  for,  69. 

"  "          Secretary  of  Treasury  may 

defer  operations  upon,  69. 
Public  buildings,  sites  for,  69. 
Public  documents,  extra  copies  furnished,  50. 
Public  lands,  where  located,  217. 
Public  money,  deposit  of,  67. 
Public  money,  depositories  of,  67. 

"  "        in  depositories,  120. 

Public    Moneys    Division,   Treasury   Depart- 
ment, 73. 
Public  Printer,  advances  of  money  to,  50. 

"          "        bond  of,  297. 

"  "        duties  of,  50. 

Public  printing  accounts,  104,  110. 

"  "        and  binding,  cost  of,  50. 

Public  property,  69. 

Purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  ser- 
vices, 55. 

Q. 

Quartermaster-General's  office,  168. 

"  «  "      force  in,  170. 

Quartermaster  of  Marine  Corps,  115. 
Quartermaster's  accounts,  113. 

"  department,  170. 

"  "          bonds  of  officers, 

302. 

Quartermaster's  department,  number  and  rank 
of  officers,  177. 

R. 

Railroad  accounts,  auditor  of,  244. 
Railway  postal  clerks,  257. 

"        service,  255. 
Rations  in  army,  purchase  and  issue  of,  170. 

"  navy,  206. 

Rebel  Archive  Branch,  War  Department,  165. 
Rebellion  records,  165. 
Receipt  of  money  into  the  Treasury,  119. 
"  "        "    and  payment  out  of  the 

Treasury,  72. 
Receipts  and  expenditures,  Navy  Department, 

114. 
Receiver  of  Land  Office,  examination  of  books 

of,  67. 
Receivers  of  defaulting  banking  associations, 

108. 

Receivers  of  Public  Lands,  accounts  of,  104. 
Recorder  of  Deeds,  District  of  Columbia,  246. 
Redemption   agent  for   national    bank-notes. 

119. 
Re-examination  and  re-liquidation  of  customs 

dues,  66. 

Refund  of  duties,  66. 
Refund  of  internal  revenue  taxes,  125. 
Register  of  the  Treasury,  122. 

"  force  in  office,  123. 

Register  of  Wills,  District  of  Columbia,  246. 
Register  of  Wills,  District  of  Columbia,  bond 

of,  303. 

Registered  letters,  253. 

Registers  and  receivers  (land),  bonds  of,  303. 
Registers  and  receivers  of  public  lands,  216. 

«       com- 
pensation of,  216. 
Registers  and  receivers  of  public  lands,  fees 

of,  217. 
Registers  (ships'),  issued  by  Register  of  the 

Treasury,  123. 


Registers  of  land  office,  examination  of  books 
of,  67. 

Registers  of  vessels,  62. 

Regulations  of  each  department,  53. 

Relative  naval  rank,  204. 

Remission  of  fines,  66. 

Remission  of  forfeitures,  66. 

Repair  of  public  buildings  accounts,  104. 

Repayment  of  money,  72. 

Reports  to  Congress  by  Secretary  of  State,  57. 

Representatives  in  Congress,  compensation  of, 
23. 

Rent  or  sale  of  unproductive  lands   or  other 
property,  69. 

Restoration  of  proceeds  of  goods  sold  (internal 
revenue),  66. 

Retired  officers  (army),  pay  of,  184. 

Retired  officers  (navy),  pay  of,  203. 

Retirement  of  army  officers,  178. 

Retirement  of  naval  officers,  203. 

Revenue  cutter  service  accounts,  110. 

Revenue  Marine,  officers  of,  83. 
«  "       pay-tables,  84. 

"  "        vessels,  84. 

Revenue  Marine  Division,  Treasury  Depart- 
ment, 83. 

Revenue  marine  service,  83. 

Revenue  marine  service,  appointment  of  offi- 
cers and  cadets  in,  286. 

Revenues  of  Post-Office  Department,  119. 

Revenues  paid  daily  into  the  Treasury,  120. 

Rhode  Island  customs  districts,  144. 

"       internal  revenue  district,  136. 

River  and  Harbor  Appropriation  Bill,  45. 

Rock  Island  Prison,  government  of,  163. 

Route  agents,  257. 

Rules  of  precedence  diplomatic  agents,  58. 

S, 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  assistant  treasurer,  122. 
Safe-keeping    and    disbursement    of    public 

moneys,  67. 

Salaries  and  civil  list  accounts,  104. 
Salaries  of  judges,  etc.,  accounts,  110. 
Salaries  of  light-house  keepers'  accounts,  111. 
Salary  accounts,  seven  Executive  Departments, 

110. 

Sale  or  transfer  of  vessels  at  foreign  ports,  62. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  assistant  treasurer,  122. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  mint,  force  in,  90. 
Seal  island  agents  in  Alaska,  85. 
Seal  of  United  States,  56. 
Seamen,  complaints  of,  62. 
Seamen,  engagement  of,  62. 
Seamen,  relief  of  destitute,  62. 
Seamen,  U.  S.  Navy,  pay  of,  208. 
Seat  of  Government,  22. 
Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General's  office, 

260. 

Secret  service  agents,  87. 
Secret  service  division  Treasury  Department, 

86. 

Secretaries  of  legation,  58. 
Secretary  of  State,  duties  of,  56. 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  212. 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  duties  of,  193. 
Secretary  of  the  Senate,  bond  of,  299. 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  duties  of,  65. 
Secretary's  office,  Navy  Department,  divisions 

of,  193. 


INDEX. 


315 


Secretary  of  War,  duties  of,  162. 

Secretary's  office,  War  Department,  organiza- 
tion of,  165. 

Senate  debates,  reporting  of,  24. 

Senate  of  the  U.  S.,  appointments  in,  284. 

Senate  officers,  clerks,  etc.,  compensation  of,  23. 

Senators'  compensation,  23. 

Services  to  seamen  by  consular  officers  free,  61. 

Ships'  enrolments,  123. 

Ships'  licenses,  123. 

Ships'  registers  issued  by  Kegister  of  the  Treas- 
ury, 123. 

Signal  Bureau  accounts,  113. 

Signal  Corps,  pay  of  enlisted  men,  185. 

Signal  Office  and  service,  167. 

"         "      "        "        force  in,  168. 

Signal  service,  178. 

Signal  service,  pay  of  civil  employes,  168. 

Signal  service,  pay  of  enlisted  men,  168. 

Sinking  fund,  District  of  Columbia,  121. 

Sites  for  public  buildings,  69. 

Smithsonian  bequest,  deposits  by  regents,  69. 

Smithsonian  Institution,  278. 

"  «  officers  of,  281. 

Smithson's  will,  278. 

Soldiers'  and  sailors'  public  land  privileges,  220. 

Solicitor  of  Internal  Revenue,  125. 

Solicitor  of  the  Treasury,  267. 

"          "  "          force  in  office,  268. 

South  Carolina,  customs  districts,  150. 

"  "          internal  revenue  district,  136. 

Speaker,  House  Representatives,  when  to  act 
as  President,  51. 

Special   Agents'   Division,  Treasury    Depart- 
ment, 85. 

Special  agents  of  customs  accounts,  110. 

"  "        Treasury   Department   (cus- 

toms), duties  of,  85. 

Special  agents  of  Internal  Revenue,  124. 

"      Post-Office  Department,  256. 
"  "      Post-Office  Department,  bonds 

of,  303. 

Special  agents  to  examine  national  banks,  108. 
"      of  Treasury  Department,  as  dis- 
bursing agents,  67. 

Special  agents  of  Treasury  Department,  to  ex- 
amine depositories,  67. 

State  Department,  56. 

accounts,  116. 
appointments  in,  285. 
"  "  force  in,  58. 

Stationery  Division,  Treasury  Department,  85. 

Statistics  Branch,  State  Department,  57. 

Steamboat  inspection  accounts,  104,  110. 

Steamboat  inspection  laws,  68. 

Steamboat  inspection  service,  95. 

"  "         accounts,  110. 

Steamboat  inspectors,  bonds  of,  300. 

Steamboats  chartered  or  impressed,  105. 

Storekeepers  and  gaugers  of  internal  revenue, 
bonds  of,  301. 

Storekeepers  of  internal  revenue,  bonds  of,  301. 

Subposna  in  certain  cases,  54. 

Subsistence  department  at  large,  171. 

Subsistence  department,  number  and  rank  of 
officers,  177. 

Subsistence  Department  officers,  bonds  of,  302. 

of  army  accounts,  113. 
"  officers' accounts,  111. 

supplies,  purchase  of,  162. 

Sundry  Civil  Expenses  Appropriation  Bill,  30. 


Superintendence  of  cooking  by  enlisted  men, 

172. 
Superintendent  of  foreign  mails,  261. 

money-order  system,  261. 
"  railway  mail  service,  261. 

Superintendents  of  construction,  bonds  of,  298. 
"  "   department  buildings,  55. 

"  "  granite-cutting,  bonds    of, 

298. 

Superintendents  of  repairs,  bonds  of,  298. 
Supervising  architect  of  Treasury,  92. 

"  "  "         office  force, 

94. 
Supervising  inspector-general  of  steamboats, 

95. 

Supervising  inspectors  of  steamboats,  95. 
Supervising  surgeon-general   marine  hospital 

service,  103. 

Supplies  furnished  or  taken  by  the  army,  ac- 
counts of,  105. 
Supreme  Court  of  U.  S.,  270. 

"  "  "     jurisdiction  of,  270. 

Surgeon-General  U.  S.  A.,  171. 
Surgeon-General's  office,  force  in,  172. 
Surgeons,  marine  hospital  service,  103. 
Surveyors-general  of  land,  215. 
Surveyors  of  customs,  bonds  of,  299. 
"          «        «         duties  of,  138. 
"        '  "  public  land  accounts,  104. 
Surveys  of  rivers  and  harbors,  162. 

T. 

Tax,  marine  hospital,  67,  102. 
"     on  circulation  of  national  banks,  119. 

Taxes  on  national  banks,  107. 

Tennessee  customs  ports,  153. 

"         internal  revenue  districts,  136. 

Territorial  accounts,  104. 

Territorial  officers,  276. 

Territories,  government  in,  275. 

Texas  customs  districts,  152. 

"      internal  revenue  districts,  136. 

Third   Assistant    Postmaster-General's    office, 
260. 

Title  of  public   lands,  manner  of  acquiring, 
218. 

Tobacco  for  enlisted  men,  170. 

Trade-marks,  243. 

Translation  Branch,  State  Department,  57. 

Transportation  of  troops,  etc.,  162. 

Travelling  expenses  of  Representatives,  23. 
"  "  Senators,  23. 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  118. 

"  "  "  force  in  office, 

121. 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States  accounts,  1 04, 
110. 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  bond  of,  299. 

"  "  "  weekly    state- 

ment of,  67. 

Treasury  Department,  64. 

"  "  appointments  in,  285. 

"  "  First    Assistant    Secre- 

tary of,  69.    - 

Treasury  Department,  Secretary's  office,  force 
in,  69. 

Treasury  Department,  Second   Assistant  Sec- 
retary of,  70. 

Treasury  notes,  instructions  to  collectors  and 
receivers,  67. 


316 


INDEX. 


Treasury  notes  and  securities  signed  by  Regis- 
ter, 123. 

Treasury  of  the  U.  S.,  what  constitutes  it,  121. 
"  "  receipt  of  money  into 
and  payment  out  of,  72. 

Treasury  of  the  U.  S.,  Secretary's  office,  force 
in,  69. 

Troops,  transportation  of,  162. 

Trusses,  applications  for,  172. 

Trustee  of  U.  S.  bonds  to  secure  circulation  of 
national  banks,  119. 

Tucson,  Arizona,  depository,  122. 

U. 

Utah  internal  revenue  district,  136. 

V. 

Vacancies,  how  filled,  54. 
Vermont  customs  district,  142. 

"        internal  revenue  district,  136. 
Vessels,  annual  returns  of,  123. 
Vessels,  certificates  of  registry,  68. 

"        foreign  enrolments,  68. 

"       of  United  States  Navy,  204. 
Vessels,  regulations  for  numbering,  68. 
Vice-consuls,  60. 

Vice-Presidential  office  becoming  vacant,  what, 
51. 


Virginia  customs  districts,  149. 

"       internal  revenue  districts,  136. 

W. 

War  Department,  162. 
"  "          appointments  in,  290. 

"  "          proposals  for  labor  and  ma- 

terial, 162. 

War  Department,  Secretary's  Office,  force  in, 
165. 

Warrants,  Estimates,  and  Appropriations  Di- 
vision, Treasury  Department,  72. 

Washington  Aqueduct,  175. 

Washington  Territory,  customs  district  of  Pu- 
get  Sound,  157. 

Washington  Territory  Internal  Revenue  dis- 
trict, 137. 

Weekly  statement  of  Treasurer,  67. 

West  Virginia  internal  revenue  districts,  137. 
"       customs  port  of  Wheeling,  150. 

Wisconsin  customs  districts,  155. 

"          internal  revenue  districts,  137. 

Wrecked  or  abandoned  property,  69. 

Wrecks,  63. 

Wyoming  Territory  internal  revenue  district, 
137. 

Y. 

Yachts,  license  of,  68. 


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